Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plis (Géologie)'
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Amrouch, Khalid. "Apport de l’analyse microstructurale à la compréhension des mécanismes de plissement : Exemples de structures plissées aux USA (Wyoming) et en Iran (Zagros)." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066107.
Full textGrelaud, Sylvain. "Couplage socle-couverture et style de la déformationau front des orogènes : Comparaison entre le Minervois (front des Pyrénées, France) et le Potwar (front de l'Hymalaya, Pakistan)." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0130.
Full textComparison of two orogen fronts: (1) the north pyrenean front in the Bas-Languedoc (South of France), (2) the himalayan front in northern Pakistan, is a key to understand the role of the coupling between basement and sedimentary cover in the deformation within the cover at different scales. The Oupia anticline is a fault propagation fold whose geometric evolution during its growth is well represented by the "trishear" model. In this region, the cover is locked to the basement and analysis of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) performed on 66 sites reveals some tectonic fabrics indicative of strong internal strain. On the other hand, seismic sections and maturity of organic compound within the Salt Range and the Potwar basin in northern Pakistan show that the Salt Range is a complex fault bend fold initiated 11 Myr ago. At -5 Myr, activity decreased on the Salt range thrust and decollement folding developped in the piggy-back basin of south Potwar. Magnetic fabrics are poorly evolved indicating that the whole sedimentary cover has been translated with a weak internal deformation. We related this result to the existence of a thick salt layer acting as the major decollement level beneath the south Potwar basin and the Salt range. In the case of a strong coupling we observe the formation of a fault propagation fold with an important internal strain. On the contrary, where the coupling is weak, fault bend and decollement folds are formed. We show an anticorrelation beetwen the magnitude of the displacement of the cover and its degree of internal strain
Al, Saffar Mohammad. "Géométrie et modélisation numérique des structures anticlinales : exemples, Atlas saharien (Algérie), Rides sud Rifaines (Maroc) et Pyrénées (France et Espagne)." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3034.
Full textSaint-Bezar, Bertrand. "Apport de la modélisation cinématique et du magnétisme structural à la compréhension d'un front chevauchant aveugle : la région de Goulmima (Maroc), élément du Front Sud Atlasique." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/99CERG0114.pdf.
Full textOuttani, Fatima. "Cinématique, modélisation et bilan énergétique des plis de rampe : approche théorique et application à deux régions du Front Sud Atlasique." Cergy-Pontoise, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CERG0011.
Full textBuil, Diego. "L'approche cinématique du plissement naturel : intérêts et limites : Développements autour de la notion de "Trishear"." Cergy-Pontoise, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CERG0181.
Full textFault-propagation fold, characterised by simultaneous development of folding and faulting, has been identified by Dahlstrom in the late sixties and popularised by the rise of "kinematic modelling". This thesis aims to investigate the relationship between the fault propagation rate versus slip ratio rate ("p/s ratio") and its application to the Trishear kinematic model. This model has been developed a decade ago by Erslev, and can be used to simulate geometrical deformation at the tip of a propagating fault. After a brief description of the geometric construction of the kinematic model, we compare the shapes of some Trishear folds with natural examples and to the results of a variety of numerical and analog experiments in order to test its accuracy. More precisely, the applicability of the Trishear model to the flat-ramp transition is shown, highlighting its mechanical consistency. In particular, the process by which the fold backlimb acquires its dip and thickness is more realistic than in previous kinematic models. We conclude that the Trishear kinematic model is able to reproduce actual structures observed in the field. However a more complete mechanical study of the model is clearly required to allow a better understanding of the relationships between folds and thrusts
Sherkati, Shahram. "Style tectonique et cinématique du plissement dans le Zagros iranien (zone d'Iseh) : conséquences pétrolières." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0203.
Full textLabrousse, Mourad. "Modélisation numérique des plis de rupture, applications à des exemples naturels (rides sud-rifaines, Maroc et cordillères ibériques, Espagne)." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3012.
Full textAubiès-Trouilh, Alexandre. "Exploitation et mise à disposition de nouvelles techniques de modélisation géologique 3D afin d'apprécier la géométrie des plis-failles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26660/26660.pdf.
Full textThe San Corneli anticline located within the Spanish central Pyrenees, is a foreland fault-related fold. This compressive structure developed within the Boixòls thrust sheet during the emplacement of the fold and thrust belt above the Iberian plate during the Meso-Cenozoic. Geometrically, the San Corneli anticline corresponds to a fault propagation fold (8 km by 10 km). Pre-compression extensive structures have been recognized within the anticline. These syntectonic normal faults and fractures were formed during deposition of sediments in the mesozoic rifted basin. The aim of our research is to determine the influence of these normal faults on the development of the San Corneli anticline and their effect on the particular geometry of this fault propagation fold. We used 3D geometrical modeling to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the pre-existing structures and the geometry and kinematics of the fault propagation fold. Furthermore, in this area the vegetative cover is minimal and the San Corneli anticline is very well exposed giving access to numerous field data and facilitating surface modeling of the present geometry of the fold. Our methodology consists, as a first step, in reverse 3D modeling. The geological model volume is restored using the 3D Restoration plugin proposed by gOcad based on cross section balancing. This technique allows to obtain a 3D paleogeographic model, and thus to deduce the location and geometry of preexisting normal faults with depositing sediments in the basin. In order to test different assumptions about the mode of development of this fault propagation fold, we have conducted a series of 3D geometrical models directly from the paleogeographic model. The aim of 3D forward modeling is to revert to the current state of deformation of the model. We were able to better appreciate the chronology of events that have affected the fold and evaluate to what extent the early faults have influenced the kinematics of the San Corneli fold. In this sense, we were able to show that the orientation of pre-existing faults with respect to the regional compressive stress influences the way in which these faults will be reactivated, either in a vertical (reverse) or horizontal sense (strike-slip).
Kampfer, Günther. "PLIS ET FRACTURES D'EXTENSION DANS LES ROCHES STRATIFIÉES." Phd thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564546.
Full textOveisi, Behnam. "Rates and processes of active folding in the central Zagros, Iran." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10060.
Full textThe Zagros fold belt (Iran) results from active collision of the Arabian plate with central Iran. Although the geology and the structure of the Zagros have been studied extensively, the distribution of active deformation and seismotectonic behaviour across the belt remain poorly constrained. We have mapped deformed fluvial terraces along the Dalaki and Mand rivers in the central Zagros, as well as marine terraces along the Persian Gulf, in order to unravel the spatial pattern of vertical displacements and to analyze active deformation and its implications for seismicity. Using appropriate fold models based on structural data allows to efficiently estimate horizontal shortening from tectonic uplift recorded by marine and fluvial terraces. Obtaining well-constrained rates of deformation depends on reliably dating deformed geomorphic markers; by combining different dating techniques (cosmogenic isotopes Be-10 and Cl-36, and C-14 dating of organic material) and making sensible correlations to the regional climate and sea-level history, we propose an internally consistent set of ages, which allow the first geomorphic estimates of shortening rates absorbed by individual structures in the central Zagros. This approach enables us to consider rates of shortening absorbed by various structures in the central Zagros on Late Pleistocene timescales (10,000 to 1,000,000 years). Our results show that shortening on these timescales is concentrated in the frontal part of the belt, consistent with recent GPS data. Three or four frontal structures appear to absorb practically all of the active shortening across the Zagros, suggesting a normal forward-propagating deformation sequence in a thin-skinned tectonic regime during at least the Late Pleistocene, with south-westward migration of the front of the wedge and a predictable evolution of fold structure and kinematics. In addition, comparing the rate and direction of shortening across individual structures with the distribution of seismicity suggests that the sedimentary cover of the frontal Zagros is decoupled from the basement, most probably at the level of the Hormuz Salt. This weak basal detachment level, together with several intermediate weak décollement levels, appears to be responsible for the overwhelmingly aseismic deformation of the Zagros sedimentary cover
Taboada, Alfredo. "Modélisation numérique en tectonique : applications dans les domaines ductile et cassant." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20022.
Full textBazalgette, Loïc. "Relations plissement / fracturation multi échelle dans les multicouches sédimentaires du domaine élastique / fragile : accommodation discontinue de la courbure par la fracturation de petite échelle et par les articulations : Possibles implications dynamiques dans les écoulements des réservoirs." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20142.
Full textGonzales, Jean-François. "La déformation cassante dans le bassin de Gardanne (Provence) : aspect microtectonique de l'influence structurale du pli du Regaignas." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11205.
Full textAngeles, Carlos. "Les chevauchements de la cordillère occidentale par 12°15'S (Andes du Pérou central)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20120.
Full textAhmadhadi, Faram. "La fracturation de la formation Asmari (sud-ouest Iran) : typologie, chronologie et relation avec le plissement et la collision Arabie-Eurasie : apports de données de terrain et de modèles mécaniques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066633.
Full textBen, Ayed Noureddine. "Évolution tectonique de l'avant-pays de la chaîne alpine de Tunisie du début du mésozoique à l'actuel." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112081.
Full textBerty, Catherine. "Etude des filons de calcite cisaillants dans les nappes superficielles : applications aux Apennins du Nord et au versant sud des Pyrénées." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20110.
Full textEchtler, Helmut. "Les nappes du versant sud dans l'évolution tectonique varisque de la Montagne Noire (sud du Massif central) : de l'épaississement crustal à l'extension tardi-orogénique." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20119.
Full textBarrier, Laurie. "Interactions déformation-sédimentation dans les systèmes compressifs supra-crustaux : exemples naturels et modélisation analogique." Rennes 1, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003713v2.
Full textBroudoux, Bruno. "Géologie des unités de Vanoise septentrionale et méridionale de Pralognan à Tignes (Alpes de Savoie)." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720396.
Full textJabbour, Majed. "Modélisation cinématique de plis à angle d'inter -flancs variable. Application à la chaîne plissée et faillée de l'Atlas tunisien." Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3017/document.
Full textKinematic models of folding allow deducing the deep architecture of folds from their surface geometries. Classical models are easy to use because of their kink-band geometry but they are only able to explain some particular fold shapes. The trishear model overcomes this drawback, but its application remains limited because it necessitates the knowledge of several unconstrained parameters such as the P/S ratio and the trishear angle. In this work, we developed a kinematic model based on the variation of the inter-limb angle during the folding. The model allows accounting for all surface geometries of fault-propagation folds. Since this model is based on the kink-band geometry, its application only requires the knowledge of the fold surface parameters, i.e. the dip of both limbs and the fold amplitude and wavelength. The model is also able to quantify the P/S ratio during the fold growth, together with its latest evolutional stage as a breakthrough fold. We applied the model in the Tunisian Atlas fold-and-thrust belt to estimate the depth of the decollement level associated to fault-propagation anticlines. Results are in good agreement with subsurface data. In contrast, both the other classical and trishear models are unable to explain the relationship between the surface geometry of anticlines and their deep architecture
Cortes, Pascal. "Mécanismes et caractérisation de la fracturation de mode 1 dans les roches stratifiées : terrain et expérimentations." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20214.
Full textChen, Ke. "Le piémont nord du Tian Shan : cas d'école d'un front de chaîne immature." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597191.
Full textMoulouel, Hakim. "Caractérisation cartographique d'une différenciation verticale et horizontale de la déformation : application à la couverture sédimentaire de la plate-forme ardennaise." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10044.
Full textThe Western Ardennes Paleozoic massif forms the primordial exposure of the Variscan deformation front in Northern France. It includes folded and thrusted units composed of non metamorphic to epi-metamorphic rocks of mostly Devonian-Carboniferous age. Along a Western Ardennes transect imaged by the M146 seismic profile, the thrust front is characterized by a major crustal scale south-dipping thrust zone whose emergence corresponds to the c1assical "Midi" thrust zone. The latter induces the thrusting of the Ardennes-Avesnois fold-and-thrust belt onto the dismembered molassic Namurian-Westphalian coal-bearing foreland basin and its Brabant-type substratum. The main Ardennes basal thrust accommodates a significant part of the motion occuring during a late out-ofsequence event. South of this main thrust, Avesnois area display second order thrust-related folds with a general ENE-WSW trend and a NNW vergence. These structures involve a strongly heterogeneous Iithological sequence. The induced rheological contrasts strongly control the deformation style. New cartographic and structural studies, mainly carried out in the Famennian sequences, allowed us to precise the geometry and kinematics of the fold-thrust structures. As a whole, these data indicate (1) that the thick Incompetent Famennian layers acted as a distributed complex décollement-zone decoupling shortening between the Mid-Devonian and Dinantian layers, (2) that the geometrical folding model demonstrated above early synsedimentary discontinuities corresponds to disharmonic fold types. the folding in the post-Lower Famennian levels occurred by flank rotation around fixed hinge zones. For the lower-Famennian incompetent levels, shortening is accommodated by the presence of several fold hinges in folds hinge zone and by buckling. (3) that the foreland-directed thrust related folds were lately deformed by backwards thrusting, highlighting the overall difficulty of the forward propagation of the thrust front onto the Brabant foreland
Soliva, Josette. "Les déformations ductiles dans la zone axiale des Pyrénées-Orientales : la convergence varisque, la mise en place des granites tardi-hercyniens, la convergence pyrénéenne." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20121.
Full textThibaut, Muriel. "Géométrie des surfaces de faille et dépliage 3D : (méthodes et applications)." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745509.
Full textCalassou, S. "Etude tectonique d'une chaîne de décollement : Tectonique triasique et tertiaire de la chaîne de Songpan Garzé (est Tibet) : Géométrie et cinématique des déformations dans les prismes d'accrétion sédimentaire : Modélisation analogique." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20227.
Full textEndignoux, Lionel. "Une modélisation numérique de l'évolution cinématique et thermique des structures chevauchantes : application à l'équilibrage des coupes géologiques (Apennin, Appalaches, Jura, prisme de la Barbade)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564581.
Full textTannouch, Bennani Souad. "Paléolacs plio-quaternaires et leurs couvertures sédimentaires récentes (Souss Central, Maroc)." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21024.
Full textThe middle part of the Souss plain, on both sides the eponymic main stream, is characterized by the existence of large evident sedimentary structures in the global morphology which are the large atlasic and anti-atlasic alluvial fans, the alluvial terraces and fields of dunes which reinstall in occasion of long drought. Except these sedimentary structures, the detection of a lakeside system remains rather difficult. The indicators of the existence of palaeolakes or palaeoplayas limit themselves to the planar aspect of certain parts of the Souss plain, to the conservation or not of the Argan forest, but especially in the existence of calcareous benches at the base the oued's left bank. The Souss lain was commanded by a tectonic activity bounded to the recurrent faulting of inherited faults, as weil in the basin as in the plain, and in a subsidence which probably continues. Two generations at least of Plio-Villafranchian palaeolakes were established within the depression. Their summit was covered by the deposits of terraces of the oued Souss, by the deposits of the High atlasic's and the Anti-atlasic's alluvial fans distal deposits and by dune fields. The wet limate in regular precipitations which reigned over the Souss plain during the Plio-Villafranchian left place to a succession of paleoclimates responsible of major notches and construction of new generations of alluvial fans on High-atlsic's and Anti-atlasic's piedmonts; the Anti-atlasic's piedmonts were drier and have allowed the installation of dunes. More wet and more dry phases altemate undoubtless during aIl the Quaternary. The unique phases identified here are situated within the "Tardi-Soltanian" and the Upper Holocene. The last phase of increasing aridity settled down since the Upper Holocene until the Current, and was interrupted by wetter episodes. The anthropological action has stressed many aridification aspects: prolonged oued drying, gulliying, fall of phreatic water-table. The Souss epression which saw lakes developing over more than 1000 km2 during PlioVillafranchian and which was yesterday even the larder of the Saâdians (sugar cane culture) offers today sorne land drought aspects
Saint-Martin, Michel. "Evolution du bassin stéphanien de Graissessac en relation avec les tectoniques hercyniennes et tardi-hercyniennes de la Montagne noire (Sud du Massif Central français)." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20001.
Full textKergaravat, Charlie. "Dynamique de formation et de déformation de minibassins en contexte compressif : exemple du bassin de Sivas, Turquie Approche terrain et implications structurales multiéchelles." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3005/document.
Full textThis doctoral work studies the interaction between withdrawal of minibasins and regional shortening during evolution of a foreland fold-and-thrust belt. This is achieved by a multiscale structural analysis of the Sivas Basin (Turkey). Extensive field work and regional seismic lines interpretations helped to build a new and detailed geologic map of the central Sivas Basin and to provide a new tectonosedimentary framework highlighting the influence of salt tectonics and the regional shortening, starting in the Late Eocene by the autochthonous evaporite deposition. This level is remobilized by the northward migrating sedimentary load, shortening and tilting of the basin southern margin during propagation of the foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Evaporite flow is recorded by the withdrawal of a primary generation of continental Oligocene minibasins which are then covered by an evaporite canopy. The canopy extending northward allows the development of second generation of continental to shallow marine mini-basins from Oligocene to Middle Miocene. Secondary minibasins initiation in the central part of the Basin, is characterized by sub-circular minibasins surrounded by polygonal diapirs and walls. Flanking these minibasins, a large variety of halokinetic structures is described: halokinetic sequences (hooks and wedges), composite halokinetic sequences and megaflaps. Preliminary sand-box modeling study suggests the development of thesehalokinetic structures both with and without shortening. Furthermore, minibasins geometries are closely similar to those imaged or mapped in other salt provinces suggesting that mini-basin withdrew is first control by sedimentary load, probably due to decoupling by the salt. However, the fractures and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analyses suggests the record of shortening since the minibasins initiation. The increase influence of regional shortening on the minibasins domain is expressed by salt walls and diapirs squeezing inducing: (i) the development of linear mini-basins perpendicular to the shortening direction, (ii) salt sheet emplacement and (iii) the translation/rotation of minibasins. The minibasins province produces a discontinuity for the fold-and-thrust belt propagation. Indeed, the minibasins province accommodates the shortening deformation along the polygonal network of salt walls and diapirs forming multidirectional structures. Furthermore, the regional shortening accommodation by salt structures squeezing produce an evaporitic remobilization and migration of a salt canopy toward the foreland basin
Bu doktora tezi/çalışması, bir önülke kıvrım ve bindirme kuşağının evrimi sırasında minihavzaların çekilmesi ve bölgesel kısalma arasındaki etkileşimi konu edinir. Çoklu ölçekteki bu yapısal analiz Sivas Havzası (Türkiye) ölçeğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kapsamlı saha çalışması ve bölgesel olarak sismik kesitlerden ortaya çıkarılan yorumlamalar, Sivas Havzası’nın orta kesiminde detaylı bir jeolojik haritalama yapımına yardımcı olmuş ve otokton evaporit depolanmasının başladığı Geç Eosen’den başlayarak havza için tuz tektoniği ve bölgesel kısalmanın etkisindeki yeni bir tektono-sedimanter çatının ortaya çıkarılmasına neden olmuştur. Söz konusu seviye, önülke kıvrım ve bindirme kuşağının ilerlemesisüresince kuzeye doğru sedimanter dolgunun göçüyle birlikte havzanın güney kenarında kısalıma uğrayarak ve eğim kazanarak remobilize olmuştur. Evaporit akışı, kıtasal Oligosen minihavzalarının ilksel olarak oluşumundan sonra çekilmesine bağlı olarak gözlenmiş ve sonrasında evaporit yaygılarıyla örtülmüştür. Kuzeye kadar uzanan bu yaygı, Oligosen-Orta Miyosen arasında kıtasaldan sonra sığ denizel tipteki ikincil minihavzaların gelişimine de neden olmuştur.Havzanın orta kesimindeki ikincil minihavza başlangıcı, poligonal diyapir ve duvarlar tarafından çevrelenen dairesel minihavzalarla karakterize olur. Bu minihavzaların kanatlarında halokinetik yapılar tanımlanmıştır. Kanca (hook) ve kama (wedge) tiplerde olmak üzere halokinetik seriler, kompozit halokinetik seriler ve megaflaplar bu yapılar arasında sayılabilir. Çalışmanın başlangıcında yapılan kum kutusu model deneyi, bu halokinetik yapıların kısalmayla veya kısalma olmaksızın geliştiğini göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak minihavzaların geometrisi, muhtemelen tuzun ayrışmasından dolayı tortul yükün ilkkontrolünden dolayı çekilen diğer tuz bölgelerinde önerilen haritalanmış minihavzalara benzerdir. Bununla birlikte kırık ve manyetik suseptibilite analizleri, minihavzaların başlangıcından itibaren kısalmanın kayıt edilebilmesi hakkında fikir vermektedir. Minihavza bölgelerindeki bölgesel kısalımın artışı, tuz duvarları ve diyapirlerin sıkışmasıyla birlikte(i) kısalma yönüne dik durumdaki çizgisel minihavzaların gelişimi, (ii) tuz örtülerinin yerleşimi ve (iii) minihavzaların yer değiştirmesi veya dönmesiyle açıklanır. Minihavzalar bölgesi, kıvrım ve bindirme kuşağının gelişimi için bir süreksizlik üretir. Aslında, minihavzalar birçok yönde yapılar oluşturarak tuz duvarları ve diyapirlerin polygonal şekildeki yerleşimi boyunca kısalma deformasyonuna eşlik eder. Üstelik, tuz yapılarının eşlik ettiği bölgesel kısalma önülke havzalarına doğru evaporitik bir göçe de neden olmaktadır
Kerchaoui, Said. "Étude géologique et structurale du massif des Beni Bou Ifrour (Rif Oriental, Maroc)." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112221.
Full textThe lithostratigraphic and structural analysis of the Beni Bou Ifrour’s massif show distinct areas: - a northern unit (Ouiksan’s area) characterized by carbonate sedimentation in the upper Jurassic, and detritic deposits with volcano-sedimentary material in the lower Cretaceous (Berriasian). This area is characterized by many tectonic stages; - a southern unit “the J. Harcha’s area” characterized by Liassic carbonate-sedimentation at the bottom and terminated by a calcarenitic Miocene formation. This area is characterized by a single tectonic stage. The northern part of the massif is intruded by a granodiorite which intersects the schistosty. The granodiorite is chemically similar to surrounding volcanic rocks. This study permits to connect structurally the massif Beni Bou Ifrour with the Temsamane’s massif (external Rif) ; lithostratigraphycally this massif is situated like an intermediate element between the Rif belt (Temsamane’s massif) and fore land (the Gareb belt)
Menani, Mohamed Redha. "Étude hydrogéologique de la plaine d'El Madher (Algérie orientale) : géologie, climatologie, hydrogéologie et modélisation des écoulements souterrains de l'aquifère mio-plio-quaternaire." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10296.
Full textPetitjean, Éric. "Contribution à l'étude géologique du faisceau lédonien et des formations plio-pléistocènes de la Bresse jurassienne." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2045.
Full textPaz-Moreno, Francisco. "Le volcanisme mio-plio-quaternaire de l'état du Sonora (nord-ouset du Mexique) : évolution spatiale et chronologique, implications pétrogénétiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30096.
Full textSaint-Carlier, Dimitri. "Évolution tectonique du Tianshan oriental du Néogène à l'actuel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0206/document.
Full textThe Tianshan range is a 2000-km-long tectonically active mountain range. The Tianshan plays a major role in the India-Asia collision since it presently accommodates up to 40% of the total convergence between those two continents. Despite this intense deformation, the topography of the range shows series of high elevated range separated by flat intermountain basins. This range is therefore a remarkable case of example to study orogenesis processes and remains a key area to better understand how the deformation related to the India collision has been distributed through the Asian continent. Enhanced aridity since Pleistocene has moreover remarkably preserved alluvial terraces and fans which may have recorded the deformation enabling the quantification of the tectonic rates during the Quaternary period. Therefore, using Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclide we have dated several alluvial surfaces and analyzed their deformation using D.E.M. or high resolution DGPS measurements. Hence, in the eastern Tianshan we quantify the quaternary shortening rates across several structures located in the Northern and Southern foreland piedmonts but also within the range in the intermountain Bayanbuluk basin. Moreover, when possible we have also derived the Neogene shortening rates from geometric modeling of syntectonic strata. Our results highlight the recent acceleration of the eastern Tianshan since ~150-200 ka. We also show that a significant proportion (>15%) of the whole deformation is accommodated within the range while the remaining part is distributed between the different thin skin tectonic structure in the piedmonts. This result supports the hypothesis that the range is out of equilibrium and an in-building stage of deformation
Molinaro, Matteo. "Géométrie et cinématique du Zagros Oriental (Iran) : géologie structurale et modélisation géophysique dans une chaîne récente de chevauchement – plissement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007533.
Full textWalger, Roland. "Méthode de quantification de la qualité du massif rocheux en vue de travaux souterrains : Synthèse géologique de plus de 100 km de tunnels du canal de Provence." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11070.
Full textBenabdellouahed, Massinissa. "La Seine fluviatile plio-quaternaire en baie de Seine : évolution morphologique et sédimentaire (rôle du substratum géologique et des cycles climato-eustatiques)." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660489.
Full textLaurent, Gautier. "Prise en compte de l'histoire géologique des structures dans la création de modèles numériques 3D compatibles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0057/document.
Full textThe main approaches to the modelling of geological structures are mainly geometrical, static and deterministic. In other terms, their geometry and connections are determined by applying criteria based on the compatibility with available data in their current state. The evolution of the geological structures is only integrated indirectly by the modeller and the kinematical and mechanical compatibility of the produced models remain difficult to assess. This thesis explores different methods which aim at better including the evolution of geological structures in the modelling process. Three complementary approaches are developed. First, a kinematical fault operator based on a 3D curvilinear fault frame is presented. It aims at progressively deforming the structures surrounding faults. The second approach is based on a pseudo-mechanical deformation tool inspired form computer graphics, based on rigid elements. It is used to interactively editing the structures and approximately simulate their deformation history. The last proposal is to compute the paleo-geographical coordinates from the restoration of geological structures. This way, the heterogeneities are characterised based on paleo-geographic distances which are compatible with the structural, kinematical and mechanical hypotheses specified when building the geological model. These different contributions open numerous perspectives to better take into account the evolution of the geological structures when modelling the subsurface and its heterogeneities. They help us to increase the compatibility of geomodels and simplify the parameterization of geological deformation to facilitate the characterisation of geological structures by inverse approaches
Messager, Grégoire. "Signatures géomorphologiques de l'activité tectonique plio-quaternaire dans le sud des Andes centrales, Argentine." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3040.
Full textThe mechanisms and the timing of the building of the Neuquén Andes in the southern central Andes of Argentina, are poorly documented during the Plio-Quaternary. In this work, we studied morphotectonics evidence to characterize the orogenic front propagation showing a compressional state of stress during the Plio-Quaternary. The southern Neuquén Andes correspond mechanically to an orogenic tectonic wedge while its northern part implies initially isolated crustal blocks in the foreland. In addition, a broad uplifting area in the current foreland shows that the lateral growth of the Neuquén Andes is registered far from the commonly recognized orogenic front. Moreover, we interpret contemporaneous extensional structures as large scale gravity glidings which are usually observed along passive margins. Crustal uplifts and ductile layers in the sedimentary cover would be the primarily control parameters of the gliding. Numerical models and an analytical solution show that the incision and sedimentation could modify the mechanical parameters and thus favour or inhibit the process
Jamet, Guillaume. "Réponses sédimentaires d’un bassin versant côtier aux variations glacio-eustatiques et au soulèvement plio-quaternaire : l’exemple du bassin versant côtier de la baie de Seine (Seine, Touques et Dives)." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2029.
Full textThis geomorphologic and sedimentary study aims at investigating the fluvial systems of the Seine river and its paleo-tributaries that are the Touques, the Dives and the Orne Rivers. These rivers all belong to the same catchment area, so-called Bay of Seine catchment (BSC). The BSC area of those systems is bordered by the English Channel to the North, and by hilly land region (i. E. Zone bocaine and Perche) to the South with exception to the Seine river which extends further in a South Eastern direction. From the end of the Early Pleistocene, the geological background of the catchment area (i. E. Armorican massif & Parisian basin) was incised and eroded by the fluvial systems. These sedimentary and geomorphological processes are now recorded in fluvial terraces. In the BSC area, the paleo-Seine followed a different evolution from the other coastal rivers. Due to the different geomorphologic and sedimentary Quaternary records, a plury-disciplinary approach complemented by ESR datations was carried out for assessing the role of structural , climatic and glacio-eustatic forcings on the evolution of the BSC area. Geological structures partially control the drainage network. Since the Neogene, a slow and continuous uplift gave the BSC its North South orientation, and therefore allowed the inception of a sedimentary transit towards the English Channel. Upstream, the Perche bulge induced a radial drainage (i. E. Risle, Touque, Dive and Orne) around its dome-shaped structure. Whereas downstream, the North Eastern-oriented monoclinal structure of the Mesozoic units of the Parisian basin force the drainage on an Eastern direction. In addition to structural control, the climate is another primary forcing that shapes the BSC from the Middle Pleistocene onward. This control participates in the evolution of the river dynamics and valley forms at different temporal scales from glacial/interglacial cycles (~100 ka) to rapid climate changes (~1 ka). New observations led on terrace deposits shows that there is not a single type of periglacial river (i. E. Gravel-bed braided river). These differences were explained by sub-basin properties: lithology, sediment supply or inherited structures. The Quaternary glacio-eustatic forcing only plays a role in the downstream part of fluvial systems. In the lower Seine valley, sedimentary records investigated in the stepped terraces allowed the identification of several sea-level highstands since the Middle Pleistocene. Cyclic base-level changes, recorded in the succession of fluvial periglacial gravels overlain by silt to sandy tidal deposits, are linked to major cold-to-temperate climate transitions. Despite these sedimentary records, the whole BSC only preserved paleo-geometries of quaternary estuaries by a widening of the downstream part of fluvial systems (Dives, Touques, and Seine river)
Gibergues, Natacha. "Modélisation cinématique réversible 3D de structures géologiques plissées et faillées." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433804.
Full textReyes, Pedro. "Évolution du relief le long des marges actives : étude de la déformation Plio-Quaternaire de la cordillère côtière d'Équateur." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835324.
Full textBeaudoin, Nicolas. "Circulations de fluides et déformation cassante au front des Rocheuses : étude intégrée du bassin du Bighorn, Wyoming, USA." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066565.
Full textPaleofluid system evolution in diffuse fracture network in folds exhibits complex interplays between fluid systems and folding. New and challenging questions about the dynamic evolution of pressure, temperature and chemistry of fluids (P,T, and X) during folding were recently highlighted. To tentatively address them, this work documents the geochemistry of paleofluids that migrated in diffuse fracture sets developed in Laramide basement-cored folds in the Bighorn Basin, in the Sevier-Laramide Rocky Mountains (Wyoming, USA). These basement-cored folds exhibit fracture networks related to tectonic phases predating, postdating and coeval with Laramide tectonics. The related evolution of the fluid system is consistent at basin-scale and shows that fluid system alternated between formational fluids dominated the fluid system and moments when fracture sets enabled pulsatile migrations of hydrothermal and radiogenic fluids. The quantitative evolution of fluid overpressure in the sedimentary cover during each deformation step was also deciphered. On top of conclusions about regional evolution of paleofluid systems in the Bighorn Basin our study illustrates what are the parameters controlling the relationships between folding and the evolution of fluids. Before the strata curvature, P, T, and X conditions depend on interplay between numerous parameters, while during curvature, P, T, and X conditions are mainly controlled by the (micro-)structural evolution. Our study points out that the fracture sets and fluid migrations predating folding may have a strong impact on the P, T, and X of fluids during folding, and thus must be taken into account in studies of paleofluid systems
Molinaro, Matteo. "Geometry and kinematics of the SE Zagros Mountains (Iran) : structural geology and geophysical modelling in a young collisional fold-thrust belt." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112177.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the structure and kinematics of the south-eastern Zagros Mountains (Iran) and the transitional structures with the adjacent Makran accretionary prism, known as the Bandar Abbas syntaxis. The structural style, as evidenced by a field-based structural study, is strongly controlled by changing mechanical stratigraphy and therefore paleogeographic conditions from one side to the other of the syntaxis. Restoration of the first complete balanced cross-section through the south-eastern Zagros fold-thrust belt shows that the external part of the orogen (a) underwent two main phases of deformation, i. E. A thin-skinned phase of deformation followed and partly overprinted by a thick-skinned phase, and (b) absorbed at least 45 km of shortening since middle Miocene times. The presence of an exceptionally thick layer of salt at the base of the cover allowed the development of huge detachment anticlines. Field examples from our study area and seismic profiles from Central Zagros allow us to discuss the still poorly understood kinematics of these folds as well as examine the various factors controlling the style of folding, essentially salt mobility, multiple decollement levels and late basement faulting. Finally, geophysical modelling of the deep lithospheric structure of Zagros brings new insight on the fundamental factors controlling the recent orogenic kinematics. In particular, a previously undocumented thinning of the lithosphere beneath Zagros could be attributed to recent slab break-off and is thought to have controlled the recent switch from thin-skinned to thick-skinned tectonics
Soulet, Quentin. "Typologie, architecture et évolution des systèmes silicoclastiques des marges abruptes. Analyse comparée de la marge Ligure au Plio-Quaternaire et de la marge San-Pedro au Crétacé supérieur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066694/document.
Full textTurbidite systems present both academic and industrial interests since they are archives of environmental conditions and potential oil reservoirs. Among many parameters controlling the sedimentary organization, the continental slope inclination appears to be a major parameter. The analysis of slope inclination’s and these variations on the hydrodynamic of sedimentary flows and thus on turbidite systems architecture is a crucial character for both academic and industrial interests. The Pliocene-Quaternary turbidite systems of the Gulf of Genoa and upper margin of the Ivorian Cretaceous develop on margins with steep slope profiles controlled by tectonic processes and are suitable and complementary items for the Study of turbidite sedimentation in context of abrupt margin. This work is based on the high-resolution analysis of acoustic data (bathymetry, multibeam imaging, seismic THR, sidescan sonar) acquired on the steep margin of the Gulf of Genova (Malisar, Fables, Prism, Gelo) and the analysis of a 3D seismic block on the Ivorian steep margin. Turbidite accumulations of two sites demonstrate particle segregation processes with trapping coarser particles into specific structures such as plunge pools and cyclic steps. The detailed study of these bodies related to hydraulic jump sheds a new light on the continuity of sand bodies in the transition canyon / lobe and allows the designing of a new reservoir model scenario. Further analysis of these two areas of study shows the direct impact of tectonic activity on the architecture of turbidite accumulations by establishing and maintaining a nick area where the phenomenon of hydraulic jump can be maintained over time
Leroux, Estelle. "Quantification des flux sédimentaires et de la subsidence du bassin Provençal." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790852.
Full textLandes, Bruno. "Les unités briançonnaises de la bordure orientale du massif de la Vanoise méridionale (Savoie) : évolution sédimentaire et structurale." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10031.
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