Academic literature on the topic 'Pljevlje'

The aim of the study was to gather information necessary for the examination of the river Ćehotina water quality as well as the air pollution in the urban area of Pljevlja (far north of Montenegro), from 2011 until 2018. The water quality of the Ćehotina River was observed by the Water Quality Index (WQI) method, based on ten physicochemical and microbiological parameters from five hydrological stations. In order to examine the air quality, we used data on the concentration of the PM10 particles from the station located in the center of Pljevlja. The obtained results of river water quality indicate that the situation was disturbing (bad quality dominates). The results of the air quality analysis indicate that the situation has been alarming and Pljevlja itself as a “hot spot” of Montenegro. Annual, seasonal and daily mean concentrations of PM10 particles were above the prescribed limit values, except during summer. Sources of pollution were mostly known, and in order to protect public health, it is necessary to take appropriate measures as soon as possible, primarily the introduction of modern exhaust gas treatment technology TPP ‘‘Pljevlja’’ and construction of a heating plant that would replace numerous individual (home) fireplaces in Pljevlja.

The anthropogenic emission of GHG especially CO has to be limited and reduced due to 2 their impact on global warming and climate change. Combustion of fossil fuels in the energy sector has a dominant share in total GHG emissions. In order to reduce GHG emission, European Union established a scheme for GHG allowance trading within the community, and the implementation of the European Union emission trading scheme, which is a key to GHG reduction in a cost-effective way. An important part of emission trading scheme is prescribed methodology for monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emission of GHG including characterization of the local fuels combusted by the energy sector. This paper presents lignite characteristics from open-pit mine Borovica- Pljevlja, which has highest coal production in Montenegro (>1.2 Mt per year), including evaluation of its carbon emission factor based on the laboratory analysis of 72 coal samples. Testing of the samples included proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as, net calorific value determination. In accordance with the obtained results, linear correlations between net calorific value and combustible matter content, carbon content and combustible matter content, hydrogen content and combustible matter content, carbon content and net calorific value, were established. Finally, the non-linear analytical correlation between carbon emission factor and net calorific value for Pljevlja lignite was proposed, as a base for the precise calculation of CO emission evaluation.

The remains of an early Christian church were discovered, by chance, during the leveling of the terrain in Otilovici near Pljevlja where there were two monuments, or pyramidal cipi. At the same time, the older Roman necropolis was totally destroyed, so that only the bottoms of tomb holes filled with soot could be seen in the terrain. Following the protected archaeological excavation, the aforementioned church and a small arched tomb by its northern wall were uncovered in full. Another Roman tombstone was found on this occasion, a stela which was used as a stairway from pronaos to naos in the church. The stela belongs to a very large group of tombstones from this part of the province and its compositional schema is a unique example in the area of Pljevlja. From the epigraph we collected the names of four deceased persons (Pletor, Maximina, Victorinus and Statia Fuscina). The name Pletor, which was seen for the first time in the area of Pljevlja on this epigraph, can be added to a large group of Illyrian names that were acknowledged in Municipium S. The name of the deceased female Fuscina, whose nomen was Statia, and whose names appeared on more than one epigraph in Komini and Kolovrat, represents inhabitants who probably came from the coastal region of Risinium. Their migration from the coast to Municipium S. could have taken place at the end of the second or the beginning of the 3rd century when many respectable families, due to economic crises, looked for shelter inside the province which was wealthy with natural resources, especially ore. In fact, this was a time of rapid growth and economic prosperity for Municipium S. The necropolis at Otilovici points to the existence of a villa rustica or an estate which developed into an important communications link between the estates in Komini and Kolovrat, and which was acknowledged at the end of the 19th century by mileposts from Otilovici and Cicija.

Крајем 19. века Срби у Османском царству,помогнути матицом Србијом, започели су интензивну борбуза духовно ослобођење. Отварање школа, основних исредњих, оснивање књижара и штампање уџбеника, као ирад црквено-школских општина, био је најбољи пут дасрпски народ очува свој национални идентитет.Овај рад бави се историјом српских средњихшкола у Османском царству. Њих је било шест: богословијау Призрену (1871–1912), Српска гимназија у Цариграду(1893–1902), Српска гимназија „Дом науке“ у Солуну (1894–1910), Српска мушка гимназија у Скопљу (1894-1912),Српска мушка гимназија у Битољу (1897–1912) и Српскагимназија у Пљевљима (1901–1912). У раду се разматрапитање настанка ових школа, њихов развој у одређенимхронолошким оквирима, али и планови и програми рада,структура, социјално и етничко порекло, старосна доб и бројученика, као и њихова каснија улога у друштву. Када је речо наставницима, посебно о ректорима – директорима, пажњаје у великом делу усмерена на расветљавање њиховихбиографија.Међу најважнијим достигнућима Срба уОсманском царству може се сматрати оснивање и радсрпских нижих и виших гимназија. Богословија у Призренубила је школа за образовање свештеника али и учитеља закојима је постојала велика потреба у Старој Србији иМакедонији. Оснивањем богословије формирао сеобразовани слој учитеља који је отварао нове школе, иписмених свештеника који су Србе крштавали, венчавали иутицали на то да народ остане у православној вери, чиме јепроцес преверавања, који је на Косову и Метохији честозначио и однарођавање, у великој мери успорен. Првасветовна српска средња школа у Османском царству била јеСрпска гимназија у Цариграду. Њен циљ, осим образовања иваспитања ученика, био је да послужи као пример заотварање других средњих школа унутар Османског царства.Српска гимназија „Дом науке“ отворена је у Солуну каоцентру вилајета. Њено отварање убрзало је издавање дозволеза друге основне школе широм Солунског вилајета. Српскамушка гимназија у Скопљу отворена је после дуге и скупедипломатске борбе са османским властима. Њеном отварањупрепрека су били и национално-пропагандни центри другихдржава (Бугарске, Грчке). За Србе у Битољском вилајетуотварање ниже Српске гимназије у Битољу означило јеважну прекретницу, како у просветном тако и у политичкомпогледу. Српска гимназија у Пљевљима била је најстаријасветовна средња школа у Рашко-призренској митрополији.Оснивањем гимназије створено је културно и просветносредиште које је образовало локалну српску интелигенцију,и било противтежа аустро-угарском утицају. 
Krajem 19. veka Srbi u Osmanskom carstvu,pomognuti maticom Srbijom, započeli su intenzivnu borbuza duhovno oslobođenje. Otvaranje škola, osnovnih isrednjih, osnivanje knjižara i štampanje udžbenika, kao irad crkveno-školskih opština, bio je najbolji put dasrpski narod očuva svoj nacionalni identitet.Ovaj rad bavi se istorijom srpskih srednjihškola u Osmanskom carstvu. NJih je bilo šest: bogoslovijau Prizrenu (1871–1912), Srpska gimnazija u Carigradu(1893–1902), Srpska gimnazija „Dom nauke“ u Solunu (1894–1910), Srpska muška gimnazija u Skoplju (1894-1912),Srpska muška gimnazija u Bitolju (1897–1912) i Srpskagimnazija u Pljevljima (1901–1912). U radu se razmatrapitanje nastanka ovih škola, njihov razvoj u određenimhronološkim okvirima, ali i planovi i programi rada,struktura, socijalno i etničko poreklo, starosna dob i brojučenika, kao i njihova kasnija uloga u društvu. Kada je rečo nastavnicima, posebno o rektorima – direktorima, pažnjaje u velikom delu usmerena na rasvetljavanje njihovihbiografija.Među najvažnijim dostignućima Srba uOsmanskom carstvu može se smatrati osnivanje i radsrpskih nižih i viših gimnazija. Bogoslovija u Prizrenubila je škola za obrazovanje sveštenika ali i učitelja zakojima je postojala velika potreba u Staroj Srbiji iMakedoniji. Osnivanjem bogoslovije formirao seobrazovani sloj učitelja koji je otvarao nove škole, ipismenih sveštenika koji su Srbe krštavali, venčavali iuticali na to da narod ostane u pravoslavnoj veri, čime jeproces preveravanja, koji je na Kosovu i Metohiji čestoznačio i odnarođavanje, u velikoj meri usporen. Prvasvetovna srpska srednja škola u Osmanskom carstvu bila jeSrpska gimnazija u Carigradu. NJen cilj, osim obrazovanja ivaspitanja učenika, bio je da posluži kao primer zaotvaranje drugih srednjih škola unutar Osmanskog carstva.Srpska gimnazija „Dom nauke“ otvorena je u Solunu kaocentru vilajeta. NJeno otvaranje ubrzalo je izdavanje dozvoleza druge osnovne škole širom Solunskog vilajeta. Srpskamuška gimnazija u Skoplju otvorena je posle duge i skupediplomatske borbe sa osmanskim vlastima. NJenom otvaranjuprepreka su bili i nacionalno-propagandni centri drugihdržava (Bugarske, Grčke). Za Srbe u Bitoljskom vilajetuotvaranje niže Srpske gimnazije u Bitolju označilo jevažnu prekretnicu, kako u prosvetnom tako i u političkompogledu. Srpska gimnazija u Pljevljima bila je najstarijasvetovna srednja škola u Raško-prizrenskoj mitropoliji.Osnivanjem gimnazije stvoreno je kulturno i prosvetnosredište koje je obrazovalo lokalnu srpsku inteligenciju,i bilo protivteža austro-ugarskom uticaju. 
At the end of the 19th century, Serbs in the OttomanEmpire assisted by their motherland Serbia started an intensivestruggle for their spiritual liberation. The best way for Serbianpeople to preserve their national identity was by opening schools,elementary and secondary ones, establishing book shops andprinting schoolbooks, and through the activity of ecclesiasticalschoolingcommunities.The thesis deals with history of Serbian secondaryschools in the Ottoman Empire. There were six of them:Seminary in Prizren (1871–1912), Serbian gymnasium inIstanbul (1893–1902), Serbian gymnasium “Dom nauke” (Homeof Science) in Thessalonica (1894–1910), Serbian malegymnasium in Skoplje (1894-1912), Serbian male gymnasium inBitolj (1897–1912) and Serbian gymnasium in Pljevlja (1901–1912). The thesis explores the matter of foundation these schoolsand their development in particular chronological framework.Nevertheless, the thesis researches the schools’ syllabi andcurricula, their structure, social and ethnic background of theirstudents, students’ age and number, as well as their students’later role in society. Special attention is given to the schools’teachers, especially their rectors - directors, and a great portionof the thesis deals with revealing parts of their biographies.The establishment and activity of Serbian lower andhigher gymnasiums could be considered one of the greatestachievements of Serbs in the Ottoman Empire. The Seminary inPrizren was a school not only for education of priests, but alsoteachers, who were in high demand in Old Serbia andMacedonia. Founding this seminary enabled the creation of aneducated class of teachers who were subsequently opening newschools. Also, the seminary provided literate priests who werebaptising, marrying Serbs and influencing the people to stay inthe Orthodox religion, thus slowing down the process ofIslamisation, which especially in Kosovo and Metohija oftenmeant denationalisation. First Serbian secondary school in theOttoman Empire was the Serbian gymnasium in Istanbul. Hergoal, beside education and upbringing, was to serve as aparadigm for opening of other secondary schools within theOttoman Empire. Serbian gymnasium “Dom nauke” wasestablished in Thessalonica, which was the centre of the vilayet.Its opening accelerated the issuing of licence for otherelementary schools around the Vilayet of Thessalonica. Serbianmale gymnasium in Skoplje was only opened after a long andexpensive diplomatic struggle with the Ottoman authorities. Theopponents of its opening were the centres for nationalpropaganda of other states (Bulgaria, Greece). For Serbs in theVilayet of Bitolj opening of lower Serbian gymnasium in Bitoljmarked an important turning point both in educational andpolitical sense. Serbian gymnasium in Pljevlja was the oldestsecular secondary school in the Metropolitanate of Raška-Prizren. The gymnasium became cultural and educational centrewhich educated local Serbian intelligence, and presented acounterpart to Austro-Hungarian influence.