Journal articles: 'Plosive consonants'

1

Hong, Yong Tae, Phan Huu Ngoc Minh, and Ki Hwan Hong. "Which Plosive Consonant Is More Useful for the Aerodynamic Analysis of Pathologic Voice?" Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 13, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2019.01039.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives. Both acoustic and aerodynamic analyses are essential to evaluate the phonetic characteristics of voice pathology. The purpose of the study is to determine the magnitude of their correlation with the different types of bilabial plosive consonants.Methods. A controlled prospective study of 35 patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis was performed. The sustained vowel /a/ and bilabial voiceless consonants were used. Three common acoustic parameters were measured from a sustained vowel /a/ and aerodynamic parameters from a set of syllables /pi/, /phi/, and /p’i/. We determined the correlation coefficients between acoustic and aerodynamic measurements for the bilabial plosive consonants /pi/, /phi/, and /p’i/.Results. The mean values of acoustic parameters were higher than the thresholds of pathology. The mean values of aerodynamic parameters varied according to the types of consonants. The correlation between acoustic and aerodynamic parameters was significantly larger with the consonant /phi/ compared with the consonants /p’/ and /p/. The magnitudes of correlation were higher with the consonant /phi/ compared with the consonants /p’/ and /p/.Conclusion. The plosive consonant /phi/ may represent a more valuable investigative consonant than the consonants /p/ or /p’/ for aerodynamic analysis of voice pathology, especially in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Luef, Eva Maria. "Development of voice onset time in an ongoing phonetic differentiation in Austrian German plosives: Reversing a near-merger." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 39, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2019-2006.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSound change in the form of plosive mergers has been reported for a variety of languages and is the result of a reduction of phonetic distance between two (or more) sounds. The present study is concerned with the opposite development of phonetic differentiation in plosives (akin to a phonetic split), a less commonly reported phenomenon that is taking place in Austrian German at the moment. A previously small (or null) phonetic distinction between fortis and lenis plosives – a presumed near-merger – is gradually developing into a clear phonetic contrast in younger speakers. In the present study, voice onset time of word-initial plosives was measured in two generations of Austrian speakers (born in the middle and at the end of the 20th century), yielding an ongoing phonetic differentiation where the voice onset time of lenis consonants is shortened while, at the same time, that of fortis consonants is lengthened. These results present an insight into the recent diachronic development of Austrian German and the changes in plosive production that are currently taking place.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Noor, Nazirul Mubin Bin Mohd, Nuramira Binti Anuar, Ahmad Muhyiddin B. Yusof, Puteri Rohani Megat Abdul Rahim, and Daljeet Singh Sedhu A/L Janah Singh. "Voice Onset Time (VOT) Consonants Realization of Indian-Muslim English Speakers in Malaysia." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 5, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v5i2.13094.

Full text

Abstract:

Voice Onset Time (VOT) is commonly found in most spoken languages. It is a speech feature to indicate differences in voicing and meaning. In particular, the duration of Voice Onset Time values is directly determined by place of articulation, with labial VOT values being shorter than velar and alveolar and, sometimes, alveolar being shorter than velar. In the present study, the researchers examined the VOT values of English speakers in Malaysia, particularly Indian-Muslim English speakers in the northwest region of Malaysia. From the analysis conducted by employing PRAAT software in examining differences in VOT values of voiced and voiceless plosives, the results revealed that there were significant differences in VOT values of bilabial plosives of /p/ and /b/ as well as alveolar plosives of /t/ and /d/ in Indian-Muslim English speakers’ community. However, there is no significant difference in the VOT values of both voiced and voiceless velar plosives of /k/ and /g/, indicating the influence of the speakers’ mother tongue in their English language use. In the case of prominence of aspiration in the present study, the results show that the Indian-Muslim English speakers in Malaysia have high VOT values in voiceless alveolar plosive /t/ (M = 0.0705, SD = 0.0509) and voiced alveolar plosive /d/ (M = 0.015, SD = 0.00). The findings highlight that there are differences in term of VOT values in bilabial plosives and alveolar plosives of English speakers between Indian-Muslim community and Malay community.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Fithrah Auliya Ansar and ArwissyahIrwan Duhir. "Mispronouncing of Consonant Alveolar Plosive /t/, and /d/ in The Final position in English byTarakanese." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v1i4.86.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to examine whether speakers who have a basic English language make mistakes in pronouncing the plosive / t /, / d / consonants due to the influence of the Tarakan language, which is the language of the speakers during their domicile in the area. A recording technique was used in collecting data. The instrument used is a list of words, sentences and paragraphs. The population in this study were English-bachelor students who had lived in Tarakan for a long time and were accustomed to using the Tarakan accent. The sampling technique used was purposive sample of 3 people. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods by analyzing the data of the transcription.The results of this study indicate that in pronouncing English consonants and vowels, there are still many students who do not pronounce them correctly. They make a lot of mistakes in pronouncing the plosive / d / correctly in every word. They tend to change it to / t /.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Rahmaniah, Rima. "The Use of Testing, Demonstrating, Practicing, and Revising (TDPR) Technique to Improve Students' Ability in Pronouncing Plosive Consonants." Linguistics and Elt Journal 5, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/leltj.v9i1.732.

Full text

Abstract:

Testing, Demonstrating, Practicing and Revising (TDPR) technique is a technique which includes testing, demonstrating, practicing and revising activities to know and improve the students’ pronunciation ability. Deriving from the importance of pronunciation, the main purpose of the current study is to investigate the use of Testing, Demonstrating, Practicing and Revising (TDPR) technique to improve the students’ ability in pronouncing plosive consonants. Based on the purpose of the study, a series of classroom activities with TDPR technique was done. In gathering the data, the researcher applied a quasi-experimental research method. Pre-test and post-test were distributed to 72 students of SMKN 1 Praya Tengah. The result of the study has revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean of pre-test and the post-test, t-test 5.10 ˃ t-table 1.994, it means that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected meanwhile alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It proved that the TDPR technique can improve students’ ability in pronouncing plosive consonants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Sepúlveda-Sepúlveda, Alexander, Edilson Delgado-Trejos, Santiago Murillo-Rendón, and Germán Castellanos-Domínguez. "Hypernasal Speech Detection by Acoustic Analysis of Unvoiced Plosive Consonants." TecnoLógicas, no. 23 (December 20, 2009): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.242.

Full text

Abstract:

Las personas con un mecanismo velofaringeo defectuoso hablan con una resonancia nasal anormal (habla hipernasal). Métodos de análisis de voz para detección de hipernasaliad comúnmente usan las vocales y las vocales nasales. Sin embargo para obtener una evaluación más general de esta anormalidad es necesario analizar las paradas y las fricativas. Este estudio describe un método con alta capacidad de generalización para detección de hipernasalidad análisis de las consonantes oclusivas sordas españolas. Se muestra la importancia del análisis fonema por fonema, en contraste con la parametrización de la palabra completa que incluye segmentos irrelevantes desde el punto de vista de la clasificación. Los parámetros que correlacionan la incompetencia velofaringea (VPI) sobre las consonantes oclusivas sordas se usa en la fase de estimación de características. La clasificación se llevó a cabo usando una Maquina de Vector de Soporte (SVM), incluyendo el modelo de complejidad Rademacher con el objetivo de aumentar la capacidad de generalización. Rendimientos del 95.2% y del 92.7% fueron obtenidos en las etapas de elaboración y verificación para una repetida evaluación y clasificación de validación cruzada.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

MATSUMURA, Masafumi, and Yoshiyuki GOI. "Artificial Plosive Consonants Productions Controlled by Jaw and Tongue Movements." Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers 5, no. 6 (1992): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5687/iscie.5.253.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

WESTERHAUSEN, RENÉ, NELE PÕLDVER, RICHARD NAAR, DOMINIKA RADZIUN, MARIA SILVIA KAAREP, KAIRI KREEGIPUU, KENNETH HUGDAHL, PÄRTEL LIPPUS, and KRISTIINA KOMPUS. "Effect of voicing on perceptual auditory laterality in Estonian and Norwegian native speakers." Applied Psycholinguistics 39, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716417000170.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTAs a reliable and valid measures of perceptual auditory laterality, dichotic listening has been successfully applied in studies in many countries and languages. However, languages differ in the linguistic relevance of change in initial phoneme of words (e.g., for word identification). In the present cross-language study, we examine the effect of these differences on dichotic-listening task performance to establish how characteristics of one's native language affect the perception of nonnative phonological features. We compared 33 native speakers of Norwegian, a language characterized by a clear distinction between voiced and unvoiced initial plosive consonants, with 30 native speakers of Estonian, a language that has exclusively unvoiced initial phonemes. Using a free-report dichotic-listening paradigm utilizing pairs of voiced (/ba/, /da/, /ga/) and unvoiced (/pa/, /ta/, /ka/) stop-consonant vowels as stimulus material, the Norwegian native speakers were found to be more sensitive to the voicing of the initial plosive than the Estonian group. “Voicing” explained 69% and 18% of the variance in the perceptual auditory laterality in the Norwegian and the Estonian sample, respectively. This indicates that experiential differences, likely during acquisition of the mother tongue in early development, permanently shape the sensitivity to the voicing contrast.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Parker, Steve. "Non-optimal onsets in Chamicuro: an inventory maximised in coda position." Phonology 18, no. 3 (December 2001): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675701004122.

Full text

Abstract:

The widely attested onset/coda asymmetry involves a situation in which the inventory of phonemes in syllable-final position in a particular language is a subset of those which contrast in onsets. The inverse of this pattern has been claimed to never occur (Goldsmith 1990, Beckman 1998). However, this prediction is falsified by Chamicuro, a Peruvian language in which /h/ and /[glottal plosive]/ are systematically restricted to coda position. Since no permutation of all known constraints can account for this unusual distribution, a new constraint is necessary. I propose that we invoke HAVEPLACE and subcategorise it for onsets. This positional markedness filter permits placeless (laryngeal) consonants to surface in codas, but blocks them in onsets. A beneficial side-effect of this analysis is that it preserves the onset/coda asymmetry while allowing /[glottal plosive]/ and /h/ to be the only principled exceptions to it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Putra, Febby Pratama. "An Error Analysis of English Plosive and Fricative Consonants at Vocational High Schools." Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 11, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/w.v11i2.6213.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Cole, Ronald A., Etienne Barnard, and Lily Hou. "Location and classification of plosive consonants using expert knowledge and neural net classifiers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, S1 (November 1988): S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2026396.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Morrish, Taryn, Amy Nesbitt, Mia le Roux, Ursula Zsilavecz, and Jeannie van der Linde. "Sounds Affecting the Moments of Stuttering in Multilingualism: A Case Study." Communication Disorders Quarterly 38, no. 3 (July 13, 2016): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525740116658008.

Full text

Abstract:

Research involving stuttering in multilingual individuals is limited. Speech-language therapists face the challenge of treating a diverse client base, which includes multilingual individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the stuttering moments across English, Afrikaans, and German in a multilingual speaker. A single multilingual adult with a severe developmental stutter participated in this study. A mixed-method design was implemented. The results were perceptually analyzed, and interrater reliability was determined. The results revealed that the voiceless plosive [k], the voiceless fricative [f], and the plosive-lateral approximant cluster [kl] caused stuttering moments across the languages. More stuttering moments occurred on consonants as opposed to vowels. The most prominent core behavior was prolongations. Language proficiency plays a role in the increase of the moments of stuttering in the least proficient language. Future research on a larger sample size is recommended. Research on African language speaking multilingual person who stutters (PWS) should be pursued.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kim, Yun-Young. "A Study on the Japanese Dental Plosive Consonants According to the Level of Korean Japanese Learners -Focusing on the Plosive Position in the Word-." Korean Journal of Japanese Language and Literature 88 (March 31, 2021): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18704/kjjll.2021.03.88.85.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Failla, Sebastiano, and Philip C. Doyle. "Intelligibility of stop-plosive and fricative consonants produced by tracheoesophageal speakers in quiet and noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147, no. 6 (June 2020): 4075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0001410.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Lypkan', Tat'yana Vital'evna. "REALIZATION OF VOICELESS AND VOICED PLOSIVE CONSONANTS IN THE RUSSIAN SPEECH OF BILINGUAL CHILDREN IN GERMANY." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 6-1 (June 2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2018-6-1.24.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kkese, E., and K. Petinou. "Perception Abilities of L1 Cypriot Greek Listeners - Types of Errors Involving Plosive Consonants in L2 English." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 46, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-016-9417-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Caruso, Anthony J., and Estelle Klasner Burton. "Temporal Acoustic Measures of Dysarthria Associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 30, no. 1 (March 1987): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3001.80.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate stop-gap duration, voice onset time (VOT), and vowel duration in intelligible speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Broadband sound spectrograms were used to measure 8 normal and 8 ALS speakers' intelligible speech productions of monosyllabic words containing word-initial stop-plosive consonants (/p, t, k, b, d, g/). Significant differences were found between the two groups for both vowel duration and stop-gap duration; moreover, correlational analysis indicated that the ALS speakers, as a group, exhibited a direct relationship between stop-gap and vowel durations associated with productions of /t/ and /k/. No significant differences were found between the two talker groups for VOT. Results will be related to the neuroanatomical and physiological mechanisms involved in dysarthric (ALS) speech.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Montaña, David, Yolanda Campos-Roca, and Carlos J. Pérez. "A Diadochokinesis-based expert system considering articulatory features of plosive consonants for early detection of Parkinson’s disease." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 154 (February 2018): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.11.010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Arum, Aghnessia, Alies Lintangsari, and Widya Perdhani. "English Phonemic Awareness of Students with Visual Disabilities." IJDS: Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies 8, no. 01 (May 31, 2021): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijds.2021.008.01.15.

Full text

Abstract:

Most of researches have reported the significance of English phonemic awareness to the success of learning English, but less discussions involving students with visual disabilities. Students with visual disabilities lacks of visual input and form a strong sensitivity to audio input, researches have reported that this condition affect their spelling ability, yet, their ability in recognizing English phonemes has been less explored especially in Indonesia. Thus, this research aims to describe the phonemic awareness of students with visual disabilities who learn English as Foreign Language. The participants of this research are students with visual disabilities whether active or passive braille user. 7 students with visual disabilities participated in an Online English Phonemic Awareness Test. Two independent raters rated the data independently. Interrater agreement was applied to ensure the objectivity of two independent interrater. The findings show that students with visual disabilities are aware of consonants Fricative alveolar, Plosive bilabial, and Plosive alveolar sounds but struggling with Fricative velar and Affricative velar sound, they are also aware of vowels Close mid front vowel, Close front long vowel sounds, Close mid back vowel and Open central vowel but struggling in identifying Open back vowel, Close mid central vowel, and Open mid back vowel. English phonemic awareness is a very important basic thing in language learning. However, it will be very challenging for ESL learners, especially those who learn are blind students because of certain obstacles that blind students have so that strategies are needed in language learning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Vallée, Nathalie, Louis-Jean Boë, Jean-Luc Schwartz, Pierre Badin, and Christian Abry. "weight of phonetic substance in the structure of sound inventories." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 28 (January 1, 2002): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.28.2002.163.

Full text

Abstract:

In the research field initiated by Lindblom & Liljencrants in 1972, we illustrate the possibility of giving substance to phonology, predicting the structure of phonological systems with nonphonological principles, be they listener-oriented (perceptual contrast and stability) or speaker-oriented (articulatory contrast and economy). We proposed for vowel systems the Dispersion-Focalisation Theory (Schwartz et al., 1997b). With the DFT, we can predict vowel systems using two competing perceptual constraints weighted with two parameters, respectively λ and α. The first one aims at increasing auditory distances between vowel spectra (dispersion), the second one aims at increasing the perceptual salience of each spectrum through formant proximities (focalisation). We also introduced new variants based on research in physics - namely, phase space (λ,α) and polymorphism of a given phase, or superstructures in phonological organisations (Vallée et al., 1999) which allow us to generate 85.6% of 342 UPSID systems from 3- to 7-vowel qualities. No similar theory for consonants seems to exist yet. Therefore we present in detail a typology of consonants, and then suggest ways to explain plosive vs. fricative and voiceless vs. voiced consonants predominances by i) comparing them with language acquisition data at the babbling stage and looking at the capacity to acquire relatively different linguistic systems in relation with the main degrees of freedom of the articulators; ii) showing that the places “preferred” for each manner are at least partly conditioned by the morphological constraints that facilitate or complicate, make possible or impossible the needed articulatory gestures, e.g. the complexity of the articulatory control for voicing and the aerodynamics of fricatives. A rather strict coordination between the glottis and the oral constriction is needed to produce acceptable voiced fricatives (Mawass et al., 2000). We determine that the region where the combinations of Ag (glottal area) and Ac (constriction area) values results in a balance between the voice and noise components is indeed very narrow. We thus demonstrate that some of the main tendencies in the phonological vowel and consonant structures of the world’s languages can be explained partly by sensorimotor constraints, and argue that actually phonology can take part in a theory of Perception-for-Action-Control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kim, Yun-Young. "A Study on Japanese Plosive Consonants of Korean Japanese Beginning Learner - Focusing on Articulation Position and Voice Environment -." Korean Journal of Japanese Language and Literature 82 (September 30, 2019): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18704/kjjll.2019.09.82.85.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Osborne, Denise M., and Miquel Simonet. "Foreign-Language Phonetic Development Leads to First-Language Phonetic Drift: Plosive Consonants in Native Portuguese Speakers Learning English as a Foreign Language in Brazil." Languages 6, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6030112.

Full text

Abstract:

Fifty-six Portuguese speakers born and raised in Brazil produced Portuguese words beginning in one of four plosives, /p b k ɡ/. Twenty-eight of them were monolinguals (controls), and the rest were learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). The learners were also asked to produce English words beginning with one of four plosives, /p b k ɡ/. We measured the plosives’ voice onset times (VOT) to address the following research questions: Do foreign-language learners, whose exposure to native English oral input is necessarily limited, form new sound categories specific to their additional language? Does engaging in the learning of a foreign language affect the phonetics of one’s native language? The EFL learners were found to differ from the controls in their production of Portuguese voiced (but not voiceless) plosives—prevoicing was longer in learner speech. The learners displayed different VOT targets for voiced (but not voiceless) consonants as a function of the language they were speaking—prevoicing was longer in Portuguese. In EFL learners’ productions, English sounds appear to be fundamentally modeled on phonologically similar native sounds, but some phonetic development (or reorganization) is found. Phonetic development induced by foreign-language learning may lead to a minor reconfiguration of the phonetics of native language sounds. EFL learners may find it challenging to learn the pronunciation patterns of English, likely due to the reduced access to native oral input.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Karlsson, Fredrik, Elin Unger, Sofia Wahlgren, Patric Blomstedt, Jan Linder, Erik Nordh, Hamayun Zafar, and Jan van Doorn. "Deep Brain Stimulation of Caudal Zona Incerta and Subthalamic Nucleus in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Effects on Diadochokinetic Rate." Parkinson's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/605607.

Full text

Abstract:

The hypokinetic dysarthria observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the range, speed, and accuracy of articulatory gestures in patients, reducing the perceived quality of speech acoustic output in continuous speech. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) and of the caudal zona incerta (cZi-DBS) are current surgical treatment options for PD. This study aimed at investigating the outcome of STN-DBS (7 patients) and cZi-DBS (7 patients) in two articulatory diadochokinesis tasks (AMR and SMR) using measurements of articulation rate and quality of the plosive consonants (using the percent measurable VOT metric). The results indicate that patients receiving STN-DBS increased in articulation rate in the Stim-ON condition in the AMR task only, with no effect on production quality. Patients receiving cZi-DBS decreased in articulation rate in the Stim-ON condition and further showed a reduction in production quality. The data therefore suggest that cZi-DBS is more detrimental for extended articulatory movements than STN-DBS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Pardo, Bryan, and John Josephson. "A study of the Patterson and Holdsworth auditory model and its utility in automated recognition of the plosive consonants." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, no. 5 (May 1994): 2878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.408720.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Nirmalasari, Yohanna. "KESALAHAN BUNYI SIMAKAN PEMELAJAR BIPA TINGKAT PEMULA ASAL TIONGKOK." Tabasa: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia, dan Pengajarannya 1, no. 2 (March 8, 2021): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/tabasa.v1i2.2692.

Full text

Abstract:

Listening skills are language skills that affect the development of language learning, especially for second language learners. In the learning process of listening skills, mistakes often occur. This can happen because of the influence of the first language on the second language learning process. This study aims to describe the sound errors by observing beginner BIPA learners from China who do not use the alphabet in their first language. This research is a text analysis research which analyzes the sound errors by listening to BIPA students' writing. Based on the analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that there are three categories of sound errors, namely changes in the sound at the beginning of the word, the middle of the word, and the end of the word. Each of these categories has changes, omissions, and even added sounds. (1) In the mistakes at the beginning of words, learners make many mistakes in bilabial, dental, and velar inhibitory sounds. (2) For errors in the middle of a word, learners made many mistakes in inhibiting, nasal, vibrating, and lateral sounds, as well as removing nasal sounds and adding vibrating consonants. (3) In the error at the end of the word, the learner removes the final consonants of the inhibiting and fricative sounds, as well as changing the nasal sound, the fricative sound becomes a vibration, and the glotal fricative sound becomes a dental plosive sound.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Occelli, Valeria, Gianluca Esposito, Paola Venuti, Peter Walker, and Massimiliano Zampini. "Audiovisual crossmodal correspondences in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646668.

Full text

Abstract:

The label ‘crossmodal correspondences’ has been used to define the nonarbitrary associations that appear to exist between different basic physical stimulus attributes in different sensory modalities. For instance, it has been consistently shown in the neurotypical population that higher pitched sounds are more frequently matched with visual patterns which are brighter, smaller, and sharper than those associated to lower pitched sounds. Some evidence suggests that patients with ASDs tend not to show this crossmodal preferential association pattern (e.g., curvilinear shapes and labial/lingual consonants vs. rectilinear shapes and plosive consonants). In the present study, we compared the performance of children with ASDs (6–15 years) and matched neurotypical controls in a non-verbal crossmodal correspondence task. The participants were asked to indicate which of two bouncing visual patterns was making a centrally located sound. In intermixed trials, the visual patterns varied in either size, surface brightness, or shape, whereas the sound varied in pitch. The results showed that, whereas the neurotypical controls reliably matched the higher pitched sound to a smaller and brighter visual pattern, the performance of participants with ASDs was at chance level. In the condition where the visual patterns differed in shape, no inter-group difference was observed. Children’s matching performance cannot be attributed to intensity matching or difficulties in understanding the instructions, which were controlled. These data suggest that the tendency to associate congruent visual and auditory features vary as a function of the presence of ASDs, possibly pointing to poorer capabilities to integrate auditory and visual inputs in this population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kishore, Y., Jaya Sahu, Ajay Basod, G. Obulesu, and R. Salma Mahaboob. "Acquisition of voice onset time in Hindi speaking children with cochlear implant." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 4, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180700.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The acquisition of voice onset time (VOT) in plosive consonants among hearing-impaired individuals has long been of interest to many researchers especially following the use of a hearing device such as the cochlear implant. The aim of the study was to study acquisition of voice onset time in Hindi speaking children with cochlear implant. Methods: A total of 15 CI subjects were chosen who were attending the speech and language therapy in Hindi and age matched 15 normal hearing children were selected for the study. Subjects were divided into 3 age groups according to hearing experience. Results: The present study investigated the VOT values of voiced and voiceless plosives produced by Hindi-speaking prelingually deafened CI children with duration of CI experience ranged between 4 to 10 years. The results were then compared to a group of NH children with chronological age similar to the hearing experience of the CI children. Conclusions: A longitudinal study is recommended to continue monitoring the CI children acquisition of the voicing contrast to determine at what hearing age the difference would be insignificant between the CI and NH groups and whether similar developmental trend would continue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

McLeod, Sharynne, and Kathryn Crowe. "Children's Consonant Acquisition in 27 Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Review." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 1546–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0100.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The aim of this study was to provide a cross-linguistic review of acquisition of consonant phonemes to inform speech-language pathologists' expectations of children's developmental capacity by (a) identifying characteristics of studies of consonant acquisition, (b) describing general principles of consonant acquisition, and (c) providing case studies for English, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish. Method A cross-linguistic review was undertaken of 60 articles describing 64 studies of consonant acquisition by 26,007 children from 31 countries in 27 languages: Afrikaans, Arabic, Cantonese, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Jamaican Creole, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Maltese, Mandarin (Putonghua), Portuguese, Setswana (Tswana), Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, and Xhosa. Results Most studies were cross-sectional and examined single word production. Combining data from 27 languages, most of the world's consonants were acquired by 5;0 years;months old. By 5;0, children produced at least 93% of consonants correctly. Plosives, nasals, and nonpulmonic consonants (e.g., clicks) were acquired earlier than trills, flaps, fricatives, and affricates. Most labial, pharyngeal, and posterior lingual consonants were acquired earlier than consonants with anterior tongue placement. However, there was an interaction between place and manner where plosives and nasals produced with anterior tongue placement were acquired earlier than anterior trills, fricatives, and affricates. Conclusions Children across the world acquire consonants at a young age. Five-year-old children have acquired most consonants within their ambient language; however, individual variability should be considered. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6972857

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Bressmann, Tim, Bojana Radovanovic, Susan Harper, Paula Klaiman, David Fisher, and Gajanan V. Kulkarni. "Production of two Nasal Sounds by Speakers with Cleft Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 6 (February 26, 2018): 876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/16-096.

Full text

Abstract:

Many speakers with cleft palate develop atypical consonant productions, especially for pressure consonants such as plosives, fricatives, and affricates. The present study investigated the nature of nasal sound errors. The participants were eight female and three male speakers with cleft palate between the ages of 6 to 20. Speakers were audio-recorded, and midsagittal tongue movement was captured with ultrasound. The speakers repeated vowel-consonant-vowel with the vowels /α/, /i/, and /u/ and the alveolar and velar nasal consonants /n/ and /η/. The productions were reviewed by three listeners. The participants showed a variety of different placement errors and insertions of plosives, as well as liquid productions. There was considerable error variability between and within speakers, often related to the different vowel contexts. Three speakers co-produced click sounds. The study demonstrated the wide variety of sound errors that some speakers with cleft palate may demonstrate for nasal sounds. Nasal sounds, ideally in different vowel contexts, should be included in articulation screenings for speakers with cleft palate, perhaps more than is currently the case.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Lohmander, Anette, and Christina Persson. "A Longitudinal Study of Speech Production in Swedish Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Two-stage Palatal Repair." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 1 (January 2008): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/06-123.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To describe speech production longitudinally in a group of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Participants: Twenty consecutive children with UCLP and nine age-matched children without clefts in a comparison group. Intervention: A two-stage palatal repair procedure with soft palate closure at 6 months and hard palate repair at 3 to 4 years. Main Outcome Measures: Percent correct consonants (PCC), percent correct places (PCP), and percent correct manners (PCM) at 3, 5, and 7 years of age. Cleft speech errors at the same ages. Previously collected data on number of consonant tokens, consonant types, frequency of occurrence of places and manners of articulation at 18 months. Results: PCC and PCP were significantly lower in the UCLP group than in the comparison group at all ages. Number of consonant types and frequency of occurrence of dental plosives at 18 months correlated significantly with PCC at age 3. A high frequency of velar plosives at 18 months correlated significantly with a high prevalence of retracted oral articulation (dental/alveolar to palatal or velar) at both 3 and 5 years of age. Conclusions: The UCLP group performed worse than the comparison group at all ages. A high occurrence of dental plosives as well as a high number of consonant types in babbling and first words seem to be good indicators for better consonant production in later speech. The same prevalence of retracted oral articulation as in previous studies is attributed to the surgical technique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Doyle, Philip C., Jeffrey L. Danhauer, and Charles G. Reed. "Listeners' Perceptions of Consonants Produced by Esophageal and Tracheoesophageal Talkers." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 53, no. 4 (November 1988): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5304.400.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consonant intelligibility of 3 esophageal (E) and 3 tracheoesophageal(TE) talkers, and 1 dual-mode (DM) talker proficient in both E and TE speech modes. Audio recordings of 24 English consonants produced by each talker in a consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel-consonant (CVCVC) context were presented in the sound field to 15 normal-hearing, naïve, young adult listeners who phonetically transcribed their responses using an open-response paradigm. Listeners' pooled responses were converted to confusion matrices and analyzed for overall intelligibility, voicing and manner features, and consonant omissions. Ratings of speech proficiency were also obtained. Overall, the intelligibility of the TE talkers was significantly better than that of the E talkers. The DM talker was also more intelligible in the TE mode. Voiced consonants, plosives, fricatives, nasals, and liquid-glides were signifieantly more intelligible when produced by TE talkers. Affrieates were also more intelligible for the DM talker in his TE mode. The different patterns of intelligibi!ity observed between the E and TE talkers studied may be due to temporal speech distinctions evolving from the influence of dissimilar driving sources upon the vibratory characteristics of the pharyngoesophageal segment. Clinical implications are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Asmus, Sabine, Sylwester Jaworski, and Michał Baran. "Fortis-lenis vs voiced-voiceless plosives in Welsh." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 6 (December 30, 2020): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.11828.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper questions the voiceless-voiced distinction of Welsh consonants and claims that the fortis-lenis distinction is more appropriate for the description of the language. In light of research results of theoretical as well as experimental investigations into Welsh, e.g. the vowel-coda length dependence discovered by Asmus and Grawunder (2017), advocated further research into that matter, seeing also that the fortis-lenis distinction establishes a firm link to focal properties of Welsh, such as morpheme-initial consonant mutations (mICM). It was, therefore, decided to look at potential phonetic features that would contribute to the postulated distinction. These features are aspiration, voicing, hold phase duration and the centre of gravity (abbreviated to CoG) in the articulation of Welsh plosives. Preliminary results of the study discussed in this paper were summarised in “Fortis-lenis or Voiced-voiceless – features of Welsh consonants” (Asmus et al. 2019). However, expanding our research has yielded more comprehensive findings. As a result, it appears that the two series of plosives under review are different in terms of all features studied, but it is aspiration that is of major importance (thus confirming classifications of Welsh as an aspiration language).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Alqahtani, Mufleh Salem M. "Sonority Sequencing Principle in Sabzevari Persian: A Constraint-Based Approach." Open Linguistics 5, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 434–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0024.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis study sheds light on the relationship between the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) and syllable structure in Sabzevari, a Persian vernacular spoken in the Sabzevar area of Northeast Iran. Optimality Theory (OT), as a constraint-based approach, is utilized to scrutinize sonority violation and its repair strategies. The results suggest that obedience to the SSP is mandatory in Sabzevari, as shown through the treatment of word-final clusters in Standard Persian words which violate the SSP. These consonant clusters are avoided in Sabzevari by two phonological processes: vowel epenthesis and metathesis. Vowel epenthesis is motivated by final consonant clusters of the forms /fricative+coronal nasal/, /plosive+bilabial nasal/, /fricative+bilabial nasal/, /plosive+rhotic/, /fricative+rhotic/, and /plosive+lateral/. Metathesis, as another repair strategy for sonority sequencing violations, occurs when dealing with final consonant clusters of the forms /plosive+fricative/and / fricative+lateral/.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Crowe, Kathryn, and Sharynne McLeod. "Children's English Consonant Acquisition in the United States: A Review." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 2155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00168.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Speech-language pathologists' clinical decision making and consideration of eligibility for services rely on quality evidence, including information about consonant acquisition (developmental norms). The purpose of this review article is to describe the typical age and pattern of acquisition of English consonants by children in the United States. Method Data were identified from published journal articles and assessments reporting English consonant acquisition by typically developing children living in the United States. Sources were identified through searching 11 electronic databases, review articles, the Buros database, and contacting experts. Data describing studies, participants, methodology, and age of consonant acquisition were extracted. Results Fifteen studies (six articles and nine assessments) were included, reporting consonant acquisition of 18,907 children acquiring English in the United States. These cross-sectional studies primarily used single-word elicitation. Most consonants were acquired by 5;0 (years;months). The consonants /b, n, m, p, h, w, d/ were acquired by 2;0–2;11; /ɡ, k, f, t, ŋ, j/ were acquired by 3;0–3;11; /v, ʤ, s, ʧ, l, ʃ, z/ were acquired by 4;0–4;11; /ɹ, ð, ʒ/ were acquired by 5;0–5;11; and /θ/ was acquired by 6;0–6;11 (ordered by mean age of acquisition, 90% criterion). Variation was evident across studies resulting from different assessments, criteria, and cohorts of children. Conclusions These findings echo the cross-linguistic findings of McLeod and Crowe (2018) across 27 languages that children had acquired most consonants by 5;0. On average, all plosives, nasals, and glides were acquired by 3;11; all affricates were acquired by 4;11; all liquids were acquired by 5;11; and all fricatives were acquired by 6;11 (90% criterion). As speech-language pathologists apply this information to clinical decision making and eligibility decisions, synthesis of knowledge from multiple sources is recommended.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Pols, L. C. W., and M. E. H. Schouten. "Plosive consonant identification in ambiguous sentences." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 78, no. 1 (July 1985): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.393099.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kaňok, Martin, and Michal Novotný. "EFFECT OF AGE AND GENDER ON ARTICULATION OF VOICED AND VOICELESS STOP CONSONANTS IN CZECH." Lékař a technika - Clinician and Technology 49, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ctj.2019.3.05.

Full text

Abstract:

Evaluation of precision of consonant articulation is commonly used metric in assessment of pathological speech. However, up to date most of the research on consonant characteristics was performed on English while there are obvious language-specific differences. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the patterns of consonant articulation in Czech across 6 stop consonants with respect to age and gender. The database used consisted of 30 female and 30 male healthy participants. Four acoustic variables including voice onset time (VOT), VOT ratio and two spectral moments were analyzed. The Czech plosives /p/, /t/ and /k/ were found to be characterized by short voicing lag (average VOT ranged from 14 to 32 ms) while voiced plosives /b/, /d/ and /g/ by long voicing lead (average VOT ranged from -79 to -91 ms). Furthermore, we observed significantly longer duration of both VOT (p < 0.05) and VOT ratio (p < 0.01) of voiceless plosives in female compared to male gender. Finally, we revealed a significant negative correlation between age and duration of voiceless (r = -0.36, p < 0.05) as well as voiced VOT (r = -0.45, p = 0.01) in female but not in male participants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Omar Osama Nashaat, Qasim Abbas Dhayef,. "The Phonoaesthetic Features in T.S. Eliot’s Selected Poems." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 2905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1185.

Full text

Abstract:

A comprehensive revision on literature, especially poetry, reveals that there is a very strong connection between poetry and phonology. This paper identifies the phonoaesthetic instances in poetry i.e., consonance and assonance in five selected poems written by T.S. Eliot who was the most prominent figure in English poetry. This paper finds out the answers to questions behind the use of such features and the harmony and aesthetic value between the process of writing a poem and phonological features such as consonance and assonance whether they have been used intentionally or casually. This paper shows that T.S. Eliot utilizes phonoaesthetic features i.e., consonance and assonance as stylistic features to add musicality and emphasis on certain phrases and words. It also confirms the hypothesis of this article that plosives consonants and close front vowels are heavily used and most frequently by (114) and (112) times for /s/ and /t/ and (77) and (85) times for /e/ and /i/.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Köhnlein, Björn. "A morpheme-based approach to subtractive pluralisation in German dialects." Phonology 35, no. 4 (November 2018): 617–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675718000222.

Full text

Abstract:

Various German dialects delete certain word-final plosives in plural forms (e.g. [hʊnt] ‘dog’ vs. [hʊn] ‘dogs’). I claim that this type of subtractive pluralisation is best analysed as an epiphenomenon resulting from the affixation of a disyllabic trochaic foot. This metrical template can create word-final empty-headed syllables; subtraction targets the onset of these syllables. Independent evidence comes from related phenomena, for the first time unified in a comprehensive account. Firstly, all varieties with word-final consonant subtraction delete the same consonants in the onset of post-tonic syllables containing a vowel. Additionally, some dialects display predictable interactions of consonant subtraction with either vowel shortening or the assignment of tonal accent. The proposal in this paper supports the idea that morphology is generally additive, and that subtraction can be derived from prosodic affixation. I thus argue that using more sophisticated independently motivated phonological representations can help to simplify the morphological grammar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kim, Yoon-Yeong, and Yeong-Suk Choi. "An acoustic analysis on Japanese plosive consonant according to the phonetic environments ─ From the plosive consonant of the first and second syllable ─." Journal of Japanese Studies 48 (May 15, 2016): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18841/2016.48.15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Sun, Ting, Hong Zhi Yu, and Ya Sheng Jin. "An Acoustics Study on Prepositional Consonant [h] in Xiahe Tibetan." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1791.

Full text

Abstract:

The voiceless consonant [h] can be collocated with the voiceless plosives, voiceless affricates, voiceless fricatives, nasals, laterals, etc. This paper makes a study on different collocations with duration and spectrum, with the result , it is can be seen that, the differences are greater among the acoustic characteristics of [h] as initial consonant and prepositional consonant, and that present the different ways of pronunciation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Schwartz, Geoffrey, Anna Balas, and Arkadiusz Rojczyk. "Stop Release in Polish English — Implications for Prosodic Constituency." Research in Language 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rela-2014-0006.

Full text

Abstract:

Although there is little consensus on the relevance of non-contrastive allophonic processes in L2 speech acquisition, EFL pronunciation textbooks cover the suppression of stop release in coda position. The tendency for held stops in English is in stark opposition to a number of other languages, including Polish, in which plosive release is obligatory. This paper presents phonetic data on the acquisition of English unreleased stops by Polish learners. Results show that in addition to showing a tendency for the target language pattern of unreleased plosives, advanced learners may acquire more native-like VC formant transitions. From the functional perspective, languages with unreleased stops may be expected to have robust formant patterns on the final portion of the preceding vowel, which allow listeners to identify the final consonant when it lacks an audible release burst (see e.g. Wright 2004). From the perspective of syllabic positions, it may be said that ‘coda’ stops are obligatorily released in Polish, yet may be unreleased in English. Thus, the traditional term ‘coda’ is insufficient to describe the prosodic properties of post-vocalic stops in Polish and English. These differences may be captured in the Onset Prominence framework (Schwartz 2013). In languages with unreleased stops, the mechanism of submersion places post-vocalic stops at the bottom of the representational hierarchy where they may be subject to weakening. Submersion produces larger prosodic constituents and thus has phonological consequences beyond 'coda' behavior.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

McKenna, Victoria S., Jennifer A. Hylkema, Monique C. Tardif, and Cara E. Stepp. "Voice Onset Time in Individuals With Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders: Evidence for Disordered Vocal Motor Control." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00135.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose This study examined vocal hyperfunction (VH) using voice onset time (VOT). We hypothesized that speakers with VH would produce shorter VOTs, indicating increased laryngeal tension, and more variable VOTs, indicating disordered vocal motor control. Method We enrolled 32 adult women with VH (aged 20–74 years) and 32 age- and sex-matched controls. All were speakers of American English. Participants produced vowel–consonant–vowel combinations that varied by vowel (ɑ/u) and plosive (p/b, t/d, k/g). VOT—measured at the release of the plosive to the initiation of voicing—was averaged over three repetitions of each vowel–consonant–vowel combination. The coefficient of variation (CoV), a measure of VOT variability, was also computed for each combination. Results The mean VOTs were not significantly different between the two groups; however, the CoVs were significantly greater in speakers with VH compared to controls. Voiceless CoV values were moderately correlated with clinical ratings of dysphonia ( r = .58) in speakers with VH. Conclusion Speakers with VH exhibited greater variability in phonemic voicing targets compared to vocally healthy speakers, supporting the hypothesis for disordered vocal motor control in VH. We suggest future work incorporate VOT measures when assessing auditory discrimination and auditory–motor integration deficits in VH.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Mykhailivna Bogush, Alla, Tetiana Mykhailivna Korolova, and Oleksandra Volodymyrivna Popova. "A Comparative Analysis of English and Chinese Reading: Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar." Arab World English Journal, no. 3 (November 15, 2020): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/elt3.22.

Full text

Abstract:

The article covers the issues related to the development of reading skills of the students majoring/minoring in English and Chinese (as non-native languages). In the backdrop of linguistic differences between English and Chinese, this action research was conducted to investigate the components of the reading skills, which are to be developed within the Bachelor programs. The primary purpose of the article is to analyze the methodological background for teaching Ukrainian students to perceive information from authentic texts. The methods of induction and deduction enabled us to analyze and generalize the theoretical bases for the investigated topic, to systemize the results of the study (the reading tactics and strategies, classification of reading activities). The study was based on focused observation using the register as a tool for data collecting for two semesters each in three groups of third-year students at Ushynsky University. The total sample size was 54. The article presents an analysis of difficulties in reading English and Chinese texts: 1) phonological level – differences in sound pronunciation (English: /T/, /D/ /w/, /N/, /x/, etc.; Chinese: the alveolo-palatal consonants j, q, x; affricates zh, z; consonant r, etc.), the phonetic phenomena (English: nasal plosion, lateral plosion, loss of plosion, assimilation, reduction/elision, etc.; Chinese: tone, erization); 2) lexical level – conversion (in English) and transposition (in Chinese), homonymy, polysemy; 3) grammatical level – the division of lexicon into parts of speech, different word order in English and Chinese sentences, (non)segmentation of English and Chinese syntagms/clauses/compound sentences, use of tenses, etc. The article contains some recommendations for English and Chinese reading classrooms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Li, Yong Hong, Peng Cuo Dawa, and Han Wu. "Electropalatographic Parameter Analysis of Single Consonant of Xiahe Tibetan Dialects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1689.

Full text

Abstract:

Targeting at Xiahe Tibetan dialects and with 16 single consonants followed by vowel /a/ as the recording texts, the article analyzes the electropalatographic parameters such as AC, PC, VC, Ant, Pos, CA, CP, CC. The findings are as follows: 1. Plosives show more tongue-palate contact in front part of palate, with strong anteriority and centered tendency: 2. Fricatives show less contact than affricates of the same speech organ; 3. Lateral alveolar consonants have more tongue-palate contact, with strong anteriority and centrality, and weak posterity. 4. Nasals have bigger values in terms of all parameters. 5. The trill has more tongue-palate contact, with stronger posterity and centrality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Khan, Afzal, Wasima Shehzad, and Inayat Ullah. "Articulation of English Consonants, Vowels and Diphthongs by Pashto Speakers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 5 (July 24, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n5p19.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to examine the articulation of English consonants, vowels and diphthongs by Pashto Speakers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and explores the problems they face in their English articulation due to the influence of mother tongue. A detailed experiment has been carried out to analyze the articulatory properties of /θ/ /ð/ /ɪ: /, /ɪ/ and /еɪ: / sounds spoken by Pashto speakers in Pakistan. The research reveals that Pashtun speakers of English language have a distinct pronunciation pattern of /θ/ and /ð/ sounds. This research provides a scientific justification to establish Pashto English as an independent deviant variety of RP Standard English Language. Based on the findings of the data collected from the recordings of 50 participants, it was concluded that thickness is low and frequencies of formants are considerably low as compared to RP sounds. In this regard, consonant phonemes of /θ/ and /ð/ sounds articulated by Pashto speakers are dissimilar to their Standard English (RP). They are produced as “Dental Plosives” instead of “Dental Fricatives”. The participants face great difficulty in pronouncing these English dental fricatives /ð/, /ɵ/ sounds, and they also face insurmountable problems in the regular plural forms. In relation to vowels and diphthongs in English language, major problems largely appeared in misunderstanding between /ɪ:/, /ɪ/ and /еɪ:/ sound production. The results of this study shall provide assistance to English language teachers and learners in teaching and learning English Language, especially in teaching and learning English pronunciation. It has been ascertained that special consideration should be given to these problematic consonants, vowels and diphthongs in order to avoid misunderstandings/confusion on the part of the listener.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ermus, Liis. "Estonian geminate plosives: some durational characteristics." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 10, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2019.10.1.02.

Full text

Abstract:

Consonants in Estonian occur in three quantity degrees: short, long, and overlong. Plosives have also been described as lenis and fortis. Long and fortis correspond to geminate. As single plosives have been described acoustically several times, only overall durations of geminates have been reported. The present study examines durational patterns of geminate plosives in Estonian and their relations to the same patterns in single plosives. Influences of articulation place, quantity, syllable structure, and speech style on overall duration, burst duration, and voiced transition were sought. The biggest differences in duration occurred due to quantity degree. Some influence of syllable structure occurred, similar to previous findings. Patterns were mostly similar to those in singleton plosives, although there were some differences in voicing. Almost no difference compared to singletons with respect to burst phase duration was found. Kokkuvõte. Liis Ermus: Eesti keele geminaatklusiilid: kestust puudutavaid tunnuseid. Eesti keele konsonandid esinevad kolmes vältes: lühike, pikk ja ülipikk. Sulghäälikuid on kirjeldatud ka leenise ja fortisena. Pikk ja ülipikk välde ning fortis vastavad geminaadile. Lühikeste sulghäälikute akustikat eesti keeles on korduvalt uuritud, kuid geminaatide kohta on esitatud vaid mõningast kestusinfot. Käesolev uurimus keskendus eesti keele geminaatsulghäälikute kestuses esinevatele korrapäradele ja nende võrdlusele lühikeste sulghäälikute kestusmustritega. Vaadeldi häälduskoha, välte, silbistruktuuri ja kõnestiili mõju häälikute üldkestusele, samuti vallandumisfaasi ja helilise algussiirde kestusele. Suurimad kestuserinevused olid tingitud välteerinevustest. Ilmnes mõningane silbistruktuuri mõju, mis oli kooskõlas eelnevate uurimustega. Kestusmustrid olid üldjoontes sarnased lühikeste sulghäälikute kestusmustritega, põhilised erinevused esinesid helilisuses. Vallandumisfaasi kestuses seevastu polnud võrreldes lühikeste häälikutega peaaegu mingeid erinevusi. Märksõnad: eesti keel, geminaadid, sulghäälikud, kestus, seotud kõne, akustiline foneetika

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Eilers, Rebecca, D. K. Oller, Richard Urbano, and Debra Moroff. "Conflicting and Cooperating Cues." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 2 (June 1989): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3202.307.

Full text

Abstract:

Three experiments were conducted to ascertain the relative salience of two cues for final consonant voicing in infants and adults. Experiment 1 was designed to investigate infant perception of periodicity of burst, vowel duration, and the two cues combined in a cooperating pattern. Experiment 2 was designed to examine infant perception of these same cues but in a conflicting pattern, that is, with extended duration associated with the voiceless final plosive. Experiment 3 examined perception of the stimuli from Experiments 1 and 2 with adult subjects. Results indicate that in both adults and infants combined cues facilitate discrimination of the phonemic contrast regardless of whether the cues cooperate or conflict. The three experiments taken together do not support a phonetic interpretation of conflicting/cooperating cues for the perception of final stop consonant voicing. Potential psychoacoustic explanations are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Kohler, Klaus J. "Articulatory dynamics of vowels and consonants in speech communication." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31, no. 1 (June 2001): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100301001013.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper provides a statistical account of schwa elision and vowel nasalization, and of nasalization and deletion of plosives in a large corpus of German spontaneous dialogues in comparison with an equally large data base of read speech (sentences and texts) from large groups of North German speakers. The phonetic variability of these phrase-level processes is projected onto the articulatory dynamics in global opening and closing gestures, which are taken to be basic phonetic structures of speech communication. Trends for gesture reorganization are derived from statistics, and related to external control factors of word boundary, word class, speech style as well as internal phonetic conditions of gestural make-up and of reduction of articulatory complexity. These synchronic facts of one language are compared with parallel instances from other languages and linked to congruent diachronic data of sound change, thus laying the foundation for generalizable phrase-level patterns of human speech production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

이상직. "Closure duration of plosives and the underlying representation of tense consonants in Korean." Journal of Studies in Language 23, no. 2 (August 2007): 296–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18627/jslg.23.2.200708.296.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kitajima, Kazutomo, and Fumika Fujita. "Estimation of Subglottal Pressure with Intraoral Pressure during the Production of Plosive Consonant /p/." Koutou (THE LARYNX JAPAN) 2, no. 2 (1990): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5426/larynx1989.2.2_120.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Plosive consonants'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles