Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pluie et pluviométrie'
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Richard, Yves. "Relations entre la variabilité pluviométrique en Afrique australe tropicale et la circulation océano-atmosphérique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10055.
Full textKouame, Kouakou. "Analyse du champ pluviométrique et de son évolution en Afrique occidentale humide et subhumide." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10174.
Full textLempereur, Raymond. "Analyse spatio-temporelle des pluies sur le site de Nancy." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376151947.
Full textGouze, Jean-Claude. "Étude statistique des précipitations sur la région toulousaine et l'Aveyron et application de processus de transformation pluie-débit à la prévision des crues sur l'Aveyron." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT027H.
Full textSempere, Torres Daniel. "Calcul de la lame ruisselée dans la modélisation pluie-débit : limitations des approches globales et introduction simplifiée de la topographie et de la variabilité spatiale des pluies : applications aux bassins versants du Gardon d'Anduze et du Réal Collobrier." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694027.
Full textLecocq, Jean. "Validation d'un radar météorologique bande C pour l'étude des précipitations sahéliennes : problèmes de mesure et pripriétés d'échantillonnage spatial." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20034.
Full textKebe, Cheikh Mouhamed Fadel. "Relation entre les intégrales spatio-temporelles de la couverture nuageuse et la pluie au sol aux latitudes tropicales : implications pour la mesure des précipitations depuis l'espace." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30266.
Full textSeidl, Martin. "Caractérisation des rejets urbains de temps de pluie et de leurs impacts sur l'oxygénation de la Seine." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523123.
Full textMelese, Victor. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'aléa pluviométrique et incertitudes associées - Application à la région des Cévennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU008/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at modelling the rainfall hazard in a mountainous region of southeastern France centered on the Cévennes massif. This region undergoes intense rainfall events leading to flash floods, which have considerable socio-economics impacts. A statistical measure of hazard is the frequency of occurrence, or equivalently the return period. Since rainfall accumulates in both time and space, rainfall hazard in a multi-scale variable. This thesis propose a generic framework for rainfall hazard modelling over the continuum of spatio-temporal scales.The first part of this work allows to determine which is the most relevant statistical framework. The second part proposes a multi scale modelling of rainfall hazard for the region. Finally, the third part allows the multi-scale quantification of the frequency of occurrence of a given storm and of the related uncertainties
Kouame, Brou. "Adéquation de différents modèles globaux pluie-débit pour déterminer les apports en eau dans les zones de transition et de forêt de la Côte - d'Ivoire : essai de régionalisation des paramètres." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20249.
Full textDebortoli, Nathan Dos Santos. "Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20037/document.
Full text207 Rain Gauges (RG) of the Brazilian National Agency for Water (ANA) were analyzed using statistical non-parametrical tests. The Pettitt’s test identified ruptures in the chronological rainfall series, while the Mann-Kendall’s test detected annual and seasonal tendencies in rainfall indexes and a linear regression analysis identified slight gain or loss in precipitation. Pettitt’s test indicated 16% of ruptures in the chronological rainfall series at the same time as Mann-Kendall’s monthly test put in evidence 41% of the RG having negative trends in transition seasons (onset and offset of the rainy season). Lastly the linear regression analysis showed 63% of data having negative trends. Additionally the dates of onset and offset of the rainy season were identified and its results submitted to Mann-Kendall’s and the linear regression approach. The data suggests strong contrasts between the Southern Amazon and the Northern Cerrado showing a delay on the onset of the rainy season for 84% of the RG, a premature offset for 76% and a reduction in the rainfall seasonal extend for 88%. An exponential ordinary kriging analysis of RG in deforested areas also revealed major chances of deforestation areas working as an adjuvant in the weakening of the rainy season- especially in highly deforested areas of the Mato Grosso State and the northern Rondônia. Aiming to build a tool to detect interactions between land surface and rainfall patterns the207 RG were correlated through a buffer zones analysis with land use data acquired from satellite LANDSAT 5. The time frame previously selected was divided into three periods of forest cover (before 1997, between 1997-2010 and acumulated for 2010). The cross-related buffer zones analysis (1-50km) indicated at local level that precipitation patterns are not well correlated to forest cover. Yet the buffer zones methodology suggested that as larger the forest areas are, larger are the probabilities of those influencing precipitation at regional scale, contrary to forest fragments in local level. Despite the climatic data in the buffer analyzes do not reveal significant correlation to forest cover, the statistic Pettit and Mann-Kendall tests, the linear regression analyzes and the identification of the rainy season, confirmed a fine linkage with recent findings which focus large-scale circulation models including forest cover as a variable
Este estudo analisou 207 estações pluviométricas da Agência Nacional das Águas (ANA) no Sul da Amazônia e no Cerrado no período de 1970-2010, utiizando-se dos testes estatísticos não-paramétricos de Pettitt que identifica rupturas nas séries cronológicas pluviométricas, o teste de Mann-Kendall que detecta tendências anuais e sazonais dos índices pluviométricos, e uma análise de regressão linear que identifica tendências sutis de acréscimo ou decréscimo nas precipitações. O teste de Pettitt indicou um total de 16% de rupturas nas séries cronológicas de chuva enquanto que o teste sazonal/mensal de Mann-Kendall coloca em evidência que 41% das estações apresentam tendências negativas principalmente nas estações de transição (início e fim da estação chuvosa). Já a análise de regressão linear indicou que 63% dos dados apresentam tendências negativas nas precipitações. Como complemento também foram identificadas as datas do início e fim da estação chuvosa. Esta se deu por meio da adaptação de método estatístico atrelado às análise de tendências de Mann-Kendall e de regressão linear. Os resultados sugerem fortes contrastes entre o Sul Amazônico e o Cerrado. Esta análise cronológica do período chuvoso indicou o atraso significativo no início da estação chuvosa para 84% das estações, e um fim prematuro em 76%, além da redução do período em 88% dos casos. Por fim, foi desenvolvido,examinado e verificado a correlação de dados climáticos e cobertura do solo através da análise climática oriunda da regressão linear, e da classificação do uso da terra adquiridos do satélite LANDSAT 5 a partir de uma perspectiva temporal. A correlação dos dados delimitados por zonas tampão de 1-50km e divididos em 3 períodos cronológicos anteriores a 1997, entre 1997-2010 e o acumulado de 2010 contemplam o total de floresta. As análises indicam que os padrões de precipitação local não são correlacionados diretamente a cobertura florestal. No entanto, a metodologia de zonas tampão sugere que quanto maiores as áreas de floresta, maiores são as probabilidades destas influenciarem as precipitações, ao contrário de pequenos fragmentos florestais como indicado nos resultados das correlações até 50km. Apesar dos dados climáticos não mostrarem correlação significativa com os dados da cobertura florestal, as análises dos testes de Pettit, Mann-Kendall, regressão linear e de identificação do período chuvoso vão em direção de descobertas recentes com foco nos modelos de circulação em larga-escala, que incluem a cobertura florestal como variável
Debortoli, Dos Santos Nathan. "Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904471.
Full textIbrahim, Boubacar. "Caractérisation des saisons de pluies au Burkina Faso dans un contexte de changement climatique et évaluation des impacts hydrologiques sur le bassin du Nakanbé." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827764.
Full textSicard, Emeline. "Choix de composantes optimales pour l'analyse spatiale et la modélisation : application aux pluies mensuelles du Nordeste brésilien." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13509.
Full textBella, Medjo Marthe. "Analyse multi-échelles de la variabilité pluviométrique au Cameroun et ses conséquences sur les rendements du coton." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066278.
Full textRicard, Didier. "Initialisation et assimilation de données à méso-échelle pour la prévision à haute résolution des pluies intenses de la région Cévennes-Vivarais." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30119.
Full textHeavy rainfall events occur frequently over South-East of France, they are often produced by quasi-stationary convective mesoscale systems and they may cause devastating flash floods. The aims of this thesis are to improve the understanding and forescasting of these systems using high resolution simulations performed with the non-hydrostatic research model MESO-NH. First, the benefit of mesoscale data for the generation of the initial state of the simulations is shown. These data include surface observations from the mesonet of Météo-France and radar reflectivities from the ARAMIS network combined with infrared brightness temperature from METEOSAT. .
Cassé, Claire. "Impact du forçage pluviométrique sur les inondations du fleuve Niger à Niamey : Etude à partir de données satellitaires et in-situ." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30236/document.
Full textSince the development of satellite based remote sensing in the 1970s, many missions have been dedicated to monitoring the terrestrial atmosphere and surfaces. Some of these satellites are dedicated to the Tropics with specific orbits. Megha-Tropiques (MT) is devoted to the water and energy cycle in the tropical atmosphere and provides an enhanced sampling for rainfall estimation in the tropical region. This PhD work was initiated within MT hydro-meteorological activities, with the objective of assessing the hydrological potential of satellite rainfall products in the Tropics. The world most important rivers lay in tropical areas where the in situ observation networks are deficient. Alternative information is therefore needed for water resource management and alert systems. The present work focuses on the Niger River a basin which has undergone drastic climatic variations leading to disasters such as droughts and floods. Since 1950, the Niger has been through 3 main climatic periods: a wet period (1950-1960), a long and intense drought period (1970-1980) and since 1990 a partial recovery of the rainfall. These climatic variations and the anthropic pressure, have modified the hydrological behaviour of the basin. Since 2000, the middle Niger River has been hit by an increase of floods hazards during the so-called Red flood period. In Niamey city, the highest river levels and the longest flooded period were recorded in 2003, 2010, 2012 and 2013, leading to heavy casualties and property damage. This study combines hydrological modelling and a variety of rainfall estimation products (satellite and in-situ) to meet several objectives: (i) the simulation of the Niamey Red flood and the detection of floods (during the recent period 2000-2013) (ii) the study of the propagation of satellite rainfall errors in hydrological modelling (iii) the evaluation of the role of rainfall variability, and surface conditions, in the changes of the Red flood in Niamey since the 50s. The global model ISBA-TRIP, is run with a resolution of 0.5° and 3h, and several rainfall products were used as forcing. Products derived from gauges (KRIG, CPC), pure satellite products (TAPEER, 3B42RT, CMORPH, PERSIANN) and mixed satellite products adjusted by rain gauges (3B42v7, RFE2, PERSIANN-CDR). This work confirms the hydrological potential of satellite rainfall products and proposes an original approach to overcome their biases. It highlights the need for documenting the errors associated with the rainfall products and the error structure. Finally, the hydrological modelling results since the 1950s have given a new understanding of the relative role of rainfall and surface conditions in the drastic increase of flood risk in Niamey
Yates, Eddy. "Convection en région Cévennes-Vivarais : étude de données pluviométriques, simulations numériques et validation multi-échelles." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0162.
Full textHydrometeorological data are analyzed to better understand and represent the space variability of rainfall in the Cévennes-Vivarais region. The analysis of raingauge databases shows that the statistical properties of rainfall do not depend on the localisation of the mountains for short integrating limes. But if the rainfall is integrated on longer time steps, its statistical properties are highly correlated with the topography. Numerical simulations show that shallow convection is very sensitive to atmospherical forcing, especially through the way the air masses "read" the topography. The impact of soil humidity is less important; it can nevertheless change the stratification of the atmosphere up to more th an 1 km. A method to validate simulations is developed. Il allows comparing the scale of the simulation errors with the scale of the hydrosystems. This method is tested with idealised rainfalls, then with real rainfalls but idealised simulation errors, then with real simulations
Barbero, Renaud. "Variabilité pluviométrique en Nouvelle-Calédonie et températures de surface océanique dans le Pacifique tropical (1950-2010) : impacts sur les incendies (2000-2010)." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715528.
Full textVoignier, Pierre. "Influence de la structure spatiale des pluies et du bassin versant sur les écoulements en réseau : approche à l'aide du logiciel EAUSER : Application à Saint-Etienne." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838436.
Full textHoang, Cong Tuan. "Prise en compte des fluctuations spatio-temporelles pluies-débits pour une meilleure gestion de la ressource en eau et une meilleure évaluation des risques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658537.
Full textBoyard-Micheau, Joseph. "Prévisibilité potentielle des variables climatiques à impact agricole en Afrique de l'Est et application au sorgho dans la région du mont Kenya." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS075/document.
Full textIn Southern countries with rural low income populations, the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture to rainfall variability requires effective solutions to mitigate the effects of climatic hazards on crops. Predicting the characteristics of rainy seasons some time before they start should help the establishment of agricultural adaptation strategies to rainfall hazards. This is the objective of the present study, focused on East Africa (Kenya and northern Tanzania), and divided in three parts:- Define and document intra-seasonal descriptors (ISD) that will be considered in the predictability study. A new methodological approach has been developed in order to define the onset date (ORS) and the cessation date (CRS) of the rainy seasons at the regional level. Based on a multivariate analysis, it eliminates the subjective choice of rainfall thresholds imposed by the definitions commonly used in agroclimatology. An analysis of spatial coherence at interannual time-scale shows that for the two rainy seasons ("long rains" and "short rains"), the seasonal amount and the number of rainy days have a high spatial coherence, while it is medium for the onset and cessation dates and low for the average daily rainfall intensity.- Analyze the predictability of the ISD at both regional and local scales based on numerical simulations from the global climate model ECHAM 4.5. Daily precipitation simulated by the model, even after bias correction, do not correctly capture the IDS interannual variability. A specification of the ORS and CRS variability using statistical models applied to observed climate indices, suggests quite a low predictability of the descriptors at the local (regional) scale, regardless of the season. The development of statistical-dynamical models from wind fields simulated by ECHAM 4.5, in experiments forced by either observed or predicted sea temperatures, also shows quite poor skills locally and regionally.- Explore how the space-time variability of climatic and environmental factors modulate the variations of sorghum yields. Crop yields are simulated by the agronomic model SARRA-H using observed climate data (1973-2001) at three stations located at different elevations along the eastern slopes of Mt Kenya. The seasonal rainfall accumulation and the duration of the season account for a large part of the yields variability. Other rainfall variables also play a significant role, among which the number of rainy days, the average daily intensity and some ISD related to the temporal organization of rainfall within the season. The influence of other meteorological variables is only found during the long rains, in the form of a negative correlation between yields and both maximum temperature and global radiation. Sowing dates seem to play a role in modulating yields for high and medium altitude stations, but with notable differences between the two rainy seasons