Journal articles: 'Plural self'

1

Lester, David. "The Plural Self." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 2 (April 2003): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.2.370.

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Schmid, Hans Bernhard. "Plural self-awareness." Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 13, no. 1 (May 17, 2013): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-013-9317-z.

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Harris, Joseph. "The Plural Text/The Plural Self: Roland Barthes and William Coles." College English 49, no. 2 (February 1987): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/377871.

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Wesley Dempster. "Pragmatism, Democracy, and the Plural Self." Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 52, no. 4 (2016): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.52.4.06.

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Rödl, Sebastian. "Joint Action and Plural Self-Consciousness." Journal of Social Philosophy 49, no. 1 (March 2018): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josp.12226.

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Watts, Fraser. "The plural self: An interdisciplinary approach." History & Philosophy of Psychology 18, no. 1 (2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2017.18.1.17.

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The paper presents a case study in the interdisciplinary comparison of psychology and a related non-psychological intellectual tradition. Specifically, it will aim to bring into dialogue conceptions of the self in contemporary psychology and Christian theology and look at the growing body of work that brings the two perspectives into dialogue. It will be suggested that it is helpful to distinguish different kinds of psychological theory, such as representational and experiential theories, as the experience of a unitary self can exist alongside representational self-pluralism, and also to distinguish different theological traditions according to what assumptions they make about the origin of the soul. Neither tradition is monolithic in its approach. What at first appears to be a debate between psychology and theology can actually be found within both disciplines.

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Sack, Daniel. "First-Person Plural." Theater 49, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01610775-7855046.

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In Daniel Sack’s discussion of Nicola Gunn’s dramatic oeuvre, he finds a through line running between her works—one of self-reference and autofiction, a kind of playful knowledge of the self. In tracing this affinity between her pieces, in particular In the Sans Hotel, In Spite of Myself, Piece for Person and Ghetto Blaster, and Green Screen, Sack identifies the ways in which Gunn’s work speaks to both a contemporary moment in theater and the history of performance art, acknowledging the different baggage of the forms she references while coyly and fluently crossing between them. Sack sees in Gunn’s work the creation of heterotopias, places that open out onto an elsewhere, toward realities that simultaneously exist outside of the world and connect its disparate cultural manifestations together, from identity to ethics, politics to performance.

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Lester, David. "The Inner Voice and the Plural Self." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1455-1455.

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Lester, David. "On the Nature of the Plural Self." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 1 (August 2007): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.1.27-28.

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In a sample of 100 college students, those with a higher score on a measure of having a plural self-concept scored higher on a test of self-monitoring and lower on a test of tolerance for ambiguity, but variance accounted for is small.

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LESTER, DAVID. "ON THE NATURE OF THE PLURAL SELF." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 5 (2007): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.5.27-28.

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Laubender, Carolyn. "Speak for Your Self: Psychoanalysis, Autotheory, and The Plural Self." Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 76, no. 1 (2020): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arq.2020.0001.

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Choi, Sea Hee, and Tania Ionin. "Plural marking in the second language: Atomicity, definiteness, and transfer." Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 549–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000569.

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AbstractThis paper examines whether second language (L2)-English learners whose native languages (L1; Korean and Mandarin) lack obligatory plural marking transfer the properties of plural marking from their L1s, and whether transfer is manifested both offline (in a grammaticality judgment task) and online (in a self-paced reading task). The online task tests the predictions of the morphological congruency hypothesis (Jiang 2007), according to which L2 learners have particular difficulty automatically activating the meaning of L2 morphemes that are incongruent with their L1. Experiment 1 tests L2 learners’ sensitivity to errors of –s oversuppliance with mass nouns, while Experiment 2 tests their sensitivity to errors of –s omission with count nouns. The findings show that (a) L2 learners detect errors with nonatomic mass nouns (sunlights) but not atomic ones (furnitures), both offline and online; and (b) L1-Korean L2-English learners are more successful than L1-Mandarin L2-English learners in detecting missing –s with definite plurals (these boat), while the two groups behave similarly with indefinite plurals (many boat). Given that definite plurals require plural marking in Korean but not in Mandarin, the second finding is consistent with L1-transfer. Overall, the findings show that learners are able to overcome morphological incongruency and acquire novel uses of L2 morphemes.

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Otto, Inge. "A fuss about the octopus." English Today 31, no. 1 (February 17, 2015): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078414000479.

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The octopus is an animal which has served the BBC well as a topic for news reports, the main ingredient of exotic recipes, and as a worthy subject for usage advice: The octopuses use the coconuts as a shelter.Octopi live longer than squid, making them tougher and therefore a bit more tricky to prepare.The plural of octopus is not, as recorded in last week's 10 Things, octopi, which would suggest the word was rooted in Latin. In fact the word comes from the Greek, so the correct plural is octopuses or even octopodes. Besides showing that the BBC at times seems to give self-contradictory advice, the quotations suggest that the word octopus has three possible plurals in English: octopuses, octopi, and octopodes. To descriptivists, using any of the three forms is equally correct – to prescriptivists, at least some of the plurals are better than others.

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14

Zahavi, Dan. "Collective Intentionality and Plural Pre-Reflective Self-Awareness." Journal of Social Philosophy 49, no. 1 (March 2018): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josp.12218.

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15

Penkett, Luke. "Theology, Psychology and the Plural Self. By Léon Turner." Heythrop Journal 51, no. 3 (May 2010): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2010.00573_30.x.

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Tsakiridis, George. "Theology, Psychology, and the Plural Self by Léon Turner." Zygon® 46, no. 1 (February 22, 2011): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2010.01170.x.

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Kapoor, Rakesh. "Transforming self and society: Plural paths to human emancipation." Futures 39, no. 5 (June 2007): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2006.10.001.

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Turner, Léon P. "FIRST PERSON PLURAL: SELF-UNITY AND SELF-MULTIPLICITY IN THEOLOGY'S DIALOGUE WITH PSYCHOLOGY." Zygon® 42, no. 1 (February 27, 2007): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2006.00801.x.

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Zeyrek, Emek Yüce, and David Lester. "The Plural Self and a Taoist Orientation in Two Cultures." Psychological Reports 99, no. 1 (August 2006): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.99.1.91-92.

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ZEYREK, EMEK YUCE. "THE PLURAL SELF AND A TAOIST ORIENTATION IN TWO CULTURES." Psychological Reports 99, no. 5 (2006): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.99.5.91-92.

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21

Borenstein, Eliot. "The Plural Self: Zamjatin's We and the Logic of Synecdoche." Slavic and East European Journal 40, no. 4 (1996): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/310106.

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22

Meijer, Wilna A. J. "The plural self: a hermeneutical view on identity and plurality." British Journal of Religious Education 17, no. 2 (March 1995): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0141620950170204.

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Migliaccio, Todd. "Plural Masculinities: The Remaking of the Self in Private Life." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 40, no. 3 (April 22, 2011): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306110404515.

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Duncan, Duane. "Plural masculinities: the remaking of the self in private life." Culture, Health & Sexuality 14, no. 1 (January 2012): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2011.613564.

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Nilsson, Magnus. "Plural masculinities: the remaking of the self in private life." Critical Discourse Studies 9, no. 2 (May 2012): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2012.660742.

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Ward, Michael Rhys Morgan. "Plural masculinities, the remaking of the self in private life." Gender and Education 24, no. 3 (May 2012): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2011.649992.

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Pillsbury, Gerald. "Creating the plural self: athletic teams’ use of members’ bodies." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 9, no. 1 (January 1996): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951839960090104.

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Schmid, Hans Bernhard. "Collective Responsibilities of Random Collections: Plural Self-Awareness among Strangers." Journal of Social Philosophy 49, no. 1 (March 2018): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josp.12229.

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29

Smith, Thomas H. "Romantic Love." Essays in Philosophy 12, no. 1 (2011): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip201112118.

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Nozick provides us with a compelling characterization of romantic love, but, as I argue, he underdescribes the phenomenon, for he fails to distinguish it from attitudes that those who are not romantically involved may bear to each other. Frankfurt also offers a compelling characterization of love, but he is sceptical about its application to the case of romantic love. I argue that each account has the resources with which to complete the other. I consider a preliminary synthesis of the two accounts, which I find wanting. The synthesis I then favour relies upon two thoughts: (i) each romantic partner has loving concern for a plural object viz. the two of them, and (ii) romantic partners are, in addition, beloved of a plural subject, viz. the two of them. A corollary is that Frankfurt is wrong to think that, whilst self-love is a pure form of love, romantic love is an impure form of love, for romantic love just is a form of (plural) self-love. In an appendix, I defend the coherence of the thought that love can have plural relata.

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30

Tu, Ke C., Shirley S. Chen, and Rhiannon M. Mesler. "“We” are in This Pandemic, but “You” can get Through This: The Effects of Pronouns on Likelihood to Stay-at-Home During COVID-19." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 40, no. 5-6 (October 2021): 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x211044799.

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We examine how first-person plural and second-person singular pronouns used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) communications impact people's likelihood to follow stay-at-home recommendations. A 2 (first-person plural [“we”] vs. second-person singular [“you”]) by continuous trait self-control between-subjects experiment ( N = 223) was used to examine individuals’ adherence to stay-at-home recommendations. Results suggest that “you”-based appeals may be more broadly effective in garnering stay-at-home adherence, whereas low self-control individuals are less responsive to “we” appeals. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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Herman, Rececca L., and Beverly Olsen Flanigan. "Adding Grammar in a Communicatively Based ESL Program for Children: Theory in Practice." TESL Canada Journal 13, no. 1 (October 26, 1995): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v13i1.657.

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In an effort to improve the quality of young students' second language production, classroom teachers regularly search for more efficient ways to address grammatical form under the time pressures of a content-based school curriculum. If self-correction can be increased through"consciousness raising" (Rutherford & Sharwood Smith, 1985), then learners would seem to benefit from form-focused instruction. For the present study, 11 elementary school students aged 7-14 were pretested and then given daily formal instruction for two weeks in the use of past tense and plural noun forms in an otherwise content-based and communicatively oriented ESL program, after which they were post-tested twice. A significant difference was found between this instructed group and a matched control group receiving no instruction in the successful detection and correction of noun plural forms, but not in a similar test of past tense forms. Furthermore, the instructed group continued to perform well on noun plurals after one month of no focused instruction, suggesting that attention to form had some lasting beneficial effect. Possible reasons for the differential results are discussed.

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32

Lester, David. "Is a Multiple Self Healthy or Pathological?" Psychological Reports 109, no. 2 (October 2011): 600–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.09.pr0.109.5.600-602.

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In a sample of 144 undergraduate students, scores on Sackeim and Gur's measure of self-deception were associated with neuroticism scores ( r = .50) on the Big Five Inventory, while scores on Altrocchi's measure of having a plural self were associated with neuroticism and openness scores ( rs = .35 and .18, respectively). A multiple self, therefore, appears to have positive and negative features.

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Nakao, Takashi, Mayo Mitsumoto, Hitomi Nashiwa, Masahiro Takamura, Satoko Tokunaga, Makoto Miyatani, Hideki Ohira, Kaori Katayama, Akane Okamoto, and Yu Watanabe. "Self-Knowledge Reduces Conflict by Biasing One of Plural Possible Answers." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36, no. 4 (April 2010): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167210363403.

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Colin, Noyale. "Becoming plural: The distribution of the self in collaborative performance research." Choreographic Practices 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/chor.6.2.279_1.

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Salice, Alessandro, Simon Høffding, and Shaun Gallagher. "Putting Plural Self-Awareness into Practice: The Phenomenology of Expert Musicianship." Topoi 38, no. 1 (January 23, 2017): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-017-9451-2.

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Bolibok, Barbara. "The plural “self”: Group therapy with Bosnian women survivors of war." Smith College Studies in Social Work 71, no. 3 (June 2001): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377310109517640.

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37

Weir, Richard. "Plural Pre-Reflective Self-Awareness and the Problem of the Body." Journal of Social Philosophy 49, no. 1 (March 2018): 204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josp.12224.

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Lee, Tong King. "Author manifestation and perceptions of self in Chinese academic discourse." Languages in Contrast 13, no. 1 (March 8, 2013): 90–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.13.1.05lee.

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This paper examines the manifestation of authorial identity in research articles by contrasting the phenomenon across two languages (English and Chinese) and three fields (Literature, Education, Chemistry). The study seeks to find patterns governing the use of self-mention devices among native Chinese and English writers, and to explain such patterns in terms of the Chinese perception of self. Based on a corpus-based investigation of pronominal and depersonalized forms of self-mention involving 180 research articles, the paper suggests that Chinese authors have a stronger tendency to use depersonalized forms over pronominal forms than their English counterparts. It is also found that in using first-person pronouns, Chinese authors in single-authored papers have a salient preference for the plural form, in particular the inclusive plural pronoun as compared to English authors. The paper attempts to link the linguistic phenomenon to the concept of the interdependent self inherent in Chinese social psychology, and proposes possible applications to research in bilingual scholarly writing and academic translation.

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Kemi Anthony Emina. "Ethno-Religious Conflict and the Quest for Peace in a Plural Society in Africa." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i2.292.

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This article examines the elusive search for peace in a plural Society in Africa, amid persistent ethno-religious conflicts and violent attacks in eminent. The central thesis of this article focused on why existing theoretical perspectives on the nature and management of ethnoreligious conflicts in Africa have disappointed expectations, and what is required to achieve peace among plural African societies. This article used Nigeria as a case study. The research argues that conflict resolution has an ontological dimension and that achieving peace in plural societies requires a process of genuine orientation that reworks the human consciousness to accept the inevitability of the 'Other' both to the self and its aspirations for survival. This research employs the method of textual and critical analysis in carrying out this research.

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Dorfman, Leonid, and Evgeniy Kurochkin. "An integrative approach, 4-factor self-destructive behavior questionnaire, and its psychometric features Report 1. Localization and integration of the self-destruction." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 2022, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2022-2-151-163.

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The author explores a theoretic background and develops an integrative model of self-destruction of personality. The existing views on selfdestruction are local and isolated. The self-destruction has not been researched in the whole commonality of its many factors and sources. A new step in self-destruction research is to study it in terms of integration. The following research turns to the two ways on integration: inductive and deductive. In inductive approach, the author choses a certain set of self-destruction factors (their localization) and raises a question whether they have a common basis. In the deductive approach, on the contrary, the author offers a certain general concept that leads to a set of local factors of self-destruction. Within the framework of the integrative approach, these areas of self-destruction research are considered to be complementary. They form the basis of an integrative model of selfdestruction and develop from the standpoint of the conceptual model of the plural Self. Concerning the deformations of the plural Self, the self-destruction appears as its antipode. There are four domains in the self-destruction of a healthy personality: dissatisfaction with oneself, need to dominate, intolerance, detachment. This model concretizes the heterogenous picture of self-destruction in terms of its domain structure, largely overcomes the isolated notions and generalizes them.

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41

Saravanan, J., A. Prakash, and R. Saravana Selvakumar. "Writing Skill of Engineering students of Government and Self-financing Colleges: A Comparative Study." Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 3, no. 1 (April 7, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefll.v3i1.56.

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This study compares and analyses the writing performance of engineering students studying in government and Self-financing colleges in Tuticorin district. The subjects of the study comprised of 75 randomly selected first year students from three engineering colleges located in Tuticorin district. The elicitation instrument used for the present study was essay writing and the subjects were asked to write an essay on “Advantages and Disadvantages of using mobile phone.” Descriptive method was adopted for collecting data. The errors were identified and classified into ten categorizations like verb tense, subject-verb agreement, prepositions, conditional sentences, singular/plural form, sentence fragment, word order, spelling, capitalization and double negatives. The results showed that the engineering students made seven most common errors in verb tense, subject-verb agreement, prepositions, conditional sentences, singular/plural form, sentence fragment and word order due to lack of understanding, poor acquisition of grammar rules, intra-lingual errors and interference of the learners’ mother tongue.

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Patterson, Lesley. "Plural Masculinities – The Remaking of the Self in Private Life20102Sofia Aboim. Plural Masculinities – The Remaking of the Self in Private Life. Aldershot: Ashgate 2010. 198 pp. (Hardback), ISBN: 9780754674672." Gender in Management: An International Journal 25, no. 6 (August 24, 2010): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542411011069927.

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43

Smith, Michael Joseph. "A Brief Response to Michael Ignatieff." Ethics & International Affairs 26, no. 1 (2012): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679412000202.

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In his elegant essay on the tension between a singular global ethic and global ethics in the plural, Michael Ignatieff invites us to “think harder about the conflicts of principle between them.” He is certainly right that harder thinking is needed: advocates of both versions of a global ethic sometimes seem locked into mutual self-righteousness. What we might call singular, or universal, ethicists often accuse pluralists of parochial atavism, while the partisans of plural, usually national, ethics think that the universalists are naive at best, arrogant at worst. Both are utterly convinced that they are right.

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Bourassa, Kyle J., Karen Hasselmo, and David A. Sbarra. "After the end: Linguistic predictors of psychological distress 4 years after marital separation." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 6 (May 10, 2018): 1872–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518774428.

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Divorce is a stressful life event that is associated with increased risk for poor mental and physical health. A key goal for research in this area is to understand individual differences in who fares well or poorly over time, and whether behavioral markers of risk immediately after a separation predict longer term adjustment. This article investigates psychological distress in a sample of separated adults ( N = 134, 84 of whom completed all follow-up assessments) who participated in an initial study and a follow-up assessment approximately 4.5 years later. Using multiple regression we examined whether two linguistic behaviors—the use of words from categories such as first-person pronouns and present tense words (verbal immediacy) and first-person plural pronouns (we-talk; e.g., “we” or “our”)—predicted self-reported psychological distress at follow-up. Increased use of first-person plural pronouns predicted greater psychological distress 4.5 years after marital separation. Additional analyses revealed that this effect was driven largely by differences in self-concept disturbance over time. The extent to which people use first-person plural pronouns following marital separation predicts increased risk for psychological distress years later, and this behavioral indicator may identify people who are at greater risk for poor adjustment over time.

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Uzum, Baburhan, Bedrettin Yazan, and Ali Fuad Selvi. "Inclusive and exclusive uses of we in four American textbooks for multicultural teacher education." Language Teaching Research 22, no. 5 (August 22, 2017): 625–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168817718576.

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This study analyses four American multicultural teacher education textbooks for instances of inclusive and exclusive representations through the use of first person plural pronouns (i.e. we, us, our, ours). Positioning theory is used as a theoretical framework to examine the textbook authors’ uses of first person plural pronouns and to understand how these pronouns perform reflexive and interactive positioning and fluidly (re)negotiate and (re)delineate the borders between ‘self’ and ‘other.’ The findings suggest that first person plural pronouns are used extensively in the focal textbooks to refer to such groups as authors, Americans, humans, teachers, and teacher educators. Expressing differing levels of ambiguity in interpretation, these pronouns play significant roles in the discursive representations of inclusivity and exclusivity across topics of multicultural education. This study implicates that language teachers should use criticality and reflexivity when approaching exclusionary discourses and representations that neglect the particularities of individuals from different cultures.

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Nagao-Menezes, Daniel Francisco. "Plural economy and solidary social economy: Discussing the concepts." Revista Nacional de Administración 12, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 3778. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/rna.v12i2.3778.

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This article presents this trajectory, starting from the work of Milton Santos on the circuits in the urban economics in the underdeveloped countries and their relation to the popular economy. We also discuss the solidarity economy, which originated within the framework of European associativism, and in Brazil assumes peculiar contours when focusing on self-managed collective production. Finally, we discuss how the current Latin American debate articulates the questioning of the market society and the proposition of an “other economy” focused on work and on the plurality of economic principles. In this sense, “social and solidarity economy” would be, in peripheral and in central countries, a set of initiatives oriented to an ideal economic system, to replace the “economy of capital”.

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Gordon, Paul. "The Plural Self: Multiplicity in Everyday Life, eds. John Rowan and Mick Cooper." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 32, no. 2 (January 2001): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071773.2001.11007339.

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Robitaille, J. F., F. Motte, N. Schneider, D. Elia, and S. Bontemps. "Exposing the plural nature of molecular clouds." Astronomy & Astrophysics 628 (August 2019): A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935545.

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We present the Multiscale non-Gaussian Segmentation (MnGSeg) analysis technique. This wavelet-based method combines the analysis of the probability distribution function (PDF) of map fluctuations as a function of spatial scales and the power spectrum analysis of a map. This technique allows us to extract the non-Gaussianities identified in the multiscaled PDFs usually associated with turbulence intermittency and to spatially reconstruct the Gaussian and the non-Gaussian components of the map. This new technique can be applied on any data set. In the present paper, it is applied on a Herschel column density map of the Polaris flare cloud. The first component has by construction a self-similar fractal geometry similar to that produced by fractional Brownian motion (fBm) simulations. The second component is called the coherent component, as opposed to fractal, and includes a network of filamentary structures that demonstrates a spatial hierarchical scaling (i.e. filaments inside filaments). The power spectrum analysis of the two components proves that the Fourier power spectrum of the initial map is dominated by the power of the coherent filamentary structures across almost all spatial scales. The coherent structures contribute increasingly from larger to smaller scales, without producing any break in the inertial range. We suggest that this behaviour is induced, at least partly, by inertial-range intermittency, a well-known phenomenon for turbulent flows. We also demonstrate that the MnGSeg technique is itself a very sensitive signal analysis technique that allows the extraction of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) signal present in the Polaris flare submillimetre observations and the detection of a characteristic scale for 0.1 ≲ l ≲ 0.3 pc. The origin of this characteristic scale could partly be the transition of regimes dominated by incompressible turbulence versus compressible modes and other physical processes, such as gravity.

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Leigh, Fiona. "Self-Knowledge, Elenchus and Authority in Early Plato." Phronesis 65, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 247–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685284-bja10020.

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Abstract In some of Plato’s early dialogues we find a concern with correctly ascertaining the contents of a particular kind of one’s own psychological states, cognitive states. Indeed, one of the achievements of the elenctic method is to facilitate cognitive self-knowledge. In the Alcibiades, moreover, Plato interprets the Delphic injunction, ‘know yourself’, as crucially requiring cognitive self-knowledge, and ending in knowing oneself as subject to particular epistemic norms. Epistemic authority for self-knowledge is, for Plato, conferred on the basis of correct application of norms to cognitive self-ascriptions, and not confined to the first-personal perspective. This implies first-personal plural epistemic authority for self-knowledge.

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Michelson, Ethan. "Many Voices in China’s Legal Profession: Plural Meanings of Weiquan." China Law and Society Review 4, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25427466-00402001.

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Figuring prominently in prevailing portraits of activism and political contention in contemporary China are weiquan [rights defense] lawyers. Outside of China, the word weiquan emerged in the early 2000s and had achieved near-hegemonic status by the late 2000s as a descriptive label for a corps of activist lawyers—who numbered between several dozen and several hundred—committed to the cause and mobilizing in pursuit of human rights protections vis-à-vis China’s authoritarian party-state. This article challenges the dominant nomenclature of Chinese activism, in which weiquan in general and weiquan lawyers in particular loom large. A semantic history of the word weiquan, traced through an analysis of four decades of officially sanctioned rights discourse, reveals its politically legitimate origins in the official lexicon of the party-state. Unique survey data collected in 2009 and 2015 demonstrate that Chinese lawyers generally understood the word in terms of the party-state’s official language of rights, disseminated through its ongoing public legal education campaign. Because the officially-sanctioned meaning of weiquan, namely “to protect citizens’ lawful rights and interests,” is consistent with the essential professional responsibility of lawyers, fully half of a sample of almost 1,000 practicing lawyers from across China self-identified as weiquan lawyers. Such a massive population of self-identified weiquan lawyers—approximately 80,000 in 2009 assuming that the sample is at least reasonably representative—makes sense only if local meanings of the term profoundly diverge from its dominant English-language representations. Concluding speculations consider and call for further research on why this word was appropriated and redefined by activist Chinese lawyers in the first place.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plural self'

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