Academic literature on the topic 'Pluriel nominal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pluriel nominal"
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Barra-Jover, Mario. "Le pluriel nominal en français : un parcours sans faute (*s)." Langue française 168, no. 4 (2010): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lf.168.0035.
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Kaneko, Makoto. "La détermination et la pluralisation : l’exigence de l’uniformité référentielle." SHS Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184612010.
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Il est soutenu que la détermination et la pluralisation effectuées, comme en français, au sein du DP ou du NumP, exigent l’uniformité des référents, tandis que les expressions qui servent, dans une position adjointe, à restreindre la dénotation nominale ou à préciser la pluralité des membres, comme en japonais, permettent la non-uniformité référentielle. Cette hypothèse permet de rendre compte du fait que i) une coordination nominale dénotant des membres hétérogènes peut suivre un seul démonstratif japonais, mais pas un seul déterminant français; ii) elle peut suivre un seul numéral en japonais, mais pas en français; iii) elle peut être suivie des pluriels du japonais, à la différence du pluriel flextionnel du français. Les observations suivantes viennent appuyer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les démonstratifs japonais ne sont pas des déterminants et les pluriels japonais n’incarnent pas la tête du NumP : les démonstratifs japonais ne présupposent ni l’unicité, ni la maximalité des référent(s) et peuvent suivre des modificateurs nominaux; ii) les pluriels japonais peuvent être redoublés, sont optionnels pour exprimer la pluralité, ne forcent pas l’accord au syntagme nominal et n’augmentent pas nécessairement la cardinalité de la dénotation de celui-ci.
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Dali, Myriam, and Éric Mathieu. "Les pluriels internes féminins de l’arabe tunisien." Lexical plurals and beyond 39, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.39.2.03dal.
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L’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte des pluriels simples et doubles de l’arabe dans le cadre de la théorie des nominaux et de l’individuation de Borer (2005). En particulier, nous étudions ces pluriels dans les constructions où l’accord entre le verbe et le pluriel est déviant et faisons quatre propositions 1) les pluriels internes sont féminins (et singuliers) à un niveau sous-jacent dans les contextes où l’accord est déviant, ne représentant donc pas, contrairement aux apparences, d’échec d’appariement ; 2) lorsque les pluriels internes s’accordent avec le verbe, une interprétation distributive ou collective est établie, et lorsque les pluriels internes ne s’accordent pas avec le verbe, seule l’interprétation collective peut être générée, résultat de la fonction atomisante du féminin que l’on retrouve indépendamment dans le contexte du singulatif ; 3) le pluriel interne féminin constitue la base des doubles pluriels, si bien que ces derniers font surface à un niveau supérieur dans la structure nominale, offrant donc un deuxième type de pluriel, pourvu d’une fonction comptable, alors que celui généré sous la tête Div a une fonction atomisante ; 4) les règles que nous décrivons sont tout à fait prévisibles et productives, ce qui laisse supposer que les pluriels étudiés dans notre article ne sont pas des pluriels lexicaux.
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Fong, Suzana. "The syntax of number marking: the view from bare nouns in Wolof." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4709.
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Several languages allow for their nominals to occur without any functional morphology; they are dubbed ‘bare nominals’. BNs are often number-neutral, i.e.,there is no commitment to a singular or plural interpretation. In Wolof, however, BNs are singular when unmodified. A plural interpretation becomes available only when a nominal-internal plural feature is exponed in the form of complementizer or possessum agreement. I propose an extension of Béjar & Rezac’s (2009) Person Licensing Condition to number: a marked number feature (i.e. plural) must be licensed by Agree. BNs in Wolof can in principle be singular or plural. In the absence of a nominal-internal probe that Agrees with the plural feature of the BN, the Number Licensing Condition is violated, causing the derivation to crash. Unmarked number, i.e., singular, does not obey the NLC, so the derivation converges, yielding a singular BN. However, if there is a nominal-internal number probe, which is realized as complementizer or possessum agreement, the NLC is satisfied, allowing a derivation to converge where the BN is plural. If correct, this analysis accounts for the unusual behavior of BNs in Wolof and provides further empirical support for the view that valued features are responsible for nominal licensing (Kalin, 2017, 2019).
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Lima-Salles, Heloisa Maria Moreira, and Adriana Cristina Chan-Vianna. "Estudo da interlíngua de surdos usuários de Língua de Sinais Brasileira na aquisição de português (L2): nominais nus e definidos genéricos (Study of the interlanguage of deafs, users of Brazilian Sign Language, in the acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese )." Estudos da Língua(gem) 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v8i1.1122.
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O estudo examina a interlíngua de surdos (usuários de Língua de Sinais Brasileira) aprendizes de português como segunda língua, considerando, em particular, a manifestação de definidos genéricos (no singular e no plural) e de nominais nus (no singular). A alta frequência de nominal nu no singular é analisada como transferência de L1, já que a LSB não possui artigos. Partindo-se da hipótese de que a categoria de número é interpretável no DP definido genérico, propõe-se que o desenvolvimento linguístico ocorre mediante o mapeamento de propriedades morfo(fono)lógicas do artigo definido (plural) na projeção do núcleo funcional Número. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aquisição de língua. Língua de sinais brasileira. Português L2. Definido genérico. Nominal nu.ABSTRACT The study examines the interlanguage of deafs (users of the Brazilian Sign Language) learning Portuguese as a second language. In particular, the manifestation of bare nominals (in the singular) and definite generics (in the singular and in the plural) is taken into consideration. The high frequency of singular bare nouns is analysed as L1 transfer, given that LSB does not have (definite) articles. Assuming that number is an interpretable feature on the generic definite DP, it is proposed that the linguistic development takes place through the syntactic mapping of morpho(phono)logical properties of the (plural) definite article on the functional head Number. KEYWORDS: Language acquisition. Brazilian Sign Language. L2 Portuguese. Definite generics. Bare noun.
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HARTMANN, JUTTA M., and CAROLINE HEYCOCK. "A remark on Béjar & Kahnemuyipour 2017: Specificational subjects do have phi-features." Journal of Linguistics 54, no. 3 (March 6, 2018): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226718000117.
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In a number of languages, agreement in specificational copular sentences can or must be with the second of the two nominals, even when it is the first that occupies the canonical subject position. Béjar & Kahnemuyipour (2017) show that Persian and Eastern Armenian are two such languages. They then argue that ‘NP2 agreement’ occurs because the nominal in subject position (NP1) is not accessible to an external probe. It follows that actual agreement with NP1 should never be possible: the alternative to NP2 agreement should be ‘default’ agreement. We show that this prediction is false. In addition to showing that English has NP1, not default, agreement, we present new data from Icelandic, a language with rich agreement morphology, including cases that involve ‘plurale tantum’ nominals as NP1. These allow us to control for any confound from the fact that typically in a specificational sentence with two nominals differing in number, it is NP2 that is plural. We show that even in this case, the alternative to agreement with NP2 is agreement with NP1, not a default. Hence, we conclude that whatever the correct analysis of specificational sentences turns out to be, it must not predict obligatory failure of NP1 agreement.
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Quadros Gomes, Ana Paula. "Contribuições da semântica formal para o ensino de língua materna: a quantidade nominal." Revista Linguíʃtica 16, Esp. (November 7, 2020): 250–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2020.v16nesp.a37898.
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Este artigo pretende contribuir para o projeto de se “lançar uma ponte entre a linguística teórica e o ensino escolar da gramática” (LEMLE, 1984), propondo uma nova abordagem para o tratamento da quantidade nominal no ensino de língua portuguesa, à luz dos achados da semântica formal. A tradição gramatical (obras de referência e didáticas) e o ensino tradicional assumem a oposição binária singular/plural para os nominais, examinando o número na palavra em isolamento, quanto à morfologia. Observa-se apenas a presença ou ausência de morfema plural, mas o número é produto de mais outros três fatores: (i) o tipo de sentença (episódica ou genérica), (ii) a estrutura sintática do sintagma nominal (nome nu ou sintagma de determinante), (iii) o fato de o nome ser massivo ou contável. O próprio licenciamento do morfema de plural está sujeito a condicionamentos. É necessário o exame da sentença inteira, levando em conta todas essas variáveis, para determinar a interpretação do sintagma nominal. A visão tradicional é limitadíssima, por desconsiderar que, além de contar seres, o PB conta tipos e episódios. A tradição desconsidera também que a quantidade nominal vai muito além de número: há leituras de volume, leituras de abundância de leituras de intensidade. Embora na morfologia o plural seja o mais marcado, semanticamente o mais marcado é o singular. A interpretação da quantidade nominal é complexa e rica, e o tratamento dado hoje à quantidade nominal nas escolas e obras de referência e didáticas brasileiras não dá conta do fenômeno.
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Unseth, Peter. "Majang nominal plurals with comparative notes." Studies in African Linguistics 19, no. 1 (April 1, 1988): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v19i1.107468.
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This paper describes the complex Majang system of noun plural formation. Majang uses singulative suffixes, plural suffixes, and suppletive plural stems to mark number on nouns. Majang is seen to exemplify in many ways the *N/*K pattern of singular and plural marking as described by Bryan [1968] for many Nilo-Saharan languages. Tiersma's [1982] theory of "Local Markedness" is shown to provide an explanation for singulative marking on some nouns in Majang and other Surma languages. A comparison of Majang noun plurals with plural forms in other Surma languages allows the reconstruction of some number marking for Proto-Surma.
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Estrada Ramírez, Hortensia. "El Sistema de Clases Nominales en la lengua Saliba." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v6i1.21062.
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Una de las principales características de la lengua sáliba es su sistema de clases nominal que establece concordancia clasificatoria a lo largo de la oración. Esas clases nominales forman parte de la cosmovisión del pueblo sáliba que organiza el mundo que le rodea en dos grandes grupos: animados e inanimados. El sistema animado reúne características de género y número en tres categorías: masculino, femenino y plural o neutro. El sistema inanimado se divide en dos: singular y plural. El inanimado singular consta de veintidós clases nominales que se agrupan según su forma, función, estado o consistencia. El inanimado plural se subdivide en diez y ocho clases que son variables. Este sistema de clases parte del nombre y se ramifica en otras palabras que tiene la lengua para regir el morfema de clase que reciben.
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Šimík, Radek, and Christoph Demian. "Definiteness, Uniqueness, and Maximality in Languages With and Without Articles." Journal of Semantics 37, no. 3 (May 30, 2020): 311–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffaa002.
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Abstract We present a number of experiments testing influential hypotheses about the meaning of definite descriptions (in languages with articles, represented here by German) and bare nominals (in articleless languages, represented here by Russian). Our results are in line with the commonly entertained hypothesis that definite descriptions convey uniqueness (if singular) or maximality (if plural), but fail to support two hypotheses about bare nominal interpretation, namely that singular bare nominals convey uniqueness ( Dayal 2004) and that topical bare nominals convey uniqueness/maximality ( Geist 2010, among many others). Uniqueness or maximality inferences are expected to arise via covert type-shifting under these approaches. Our results are compatible with what we take to be the null hypothesis, namely that bare nominals in articleless languages are existential and free of presuppositional semantics, even if they correspond—in their use—to definite descriptions ( Heim 2011).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pluriel nominal"
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Jarrega, Jomeer Maria. "Le rôle du pluriel dans la construction du sens des syntagmes nominaux en français contemporain." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100020.
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Li, Yan. "Autour des syntagmes nominaux sémantiquement pluriels en chinois mandarin et de leurs interprétations collective et distributive." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC260.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude des syntagmes nominaux sémantiquement pluriels en chinois mandarin et aux interprétations collective et distributive qui leur sont associées. Elle offre une analyse des formes de pluralité suivantes : le syntagme coordonne par gen, les nominaux modifiés par le suffixe -men, ainsi que les sujets ou les objets des groupes verbaux modifies par quan (‘tout’-flottant). A propos du syntagme coordonne par gen, nous montrons que la conjonction gen dans le syntagme ‘A gen B’ lexicalise une contrainte de pluralité nominale par le biais de restrictions sur les conjoints. Notre argument est bâti sur trois points principaux, à savoir que la catégorie des conjoints est nécessairement [+N], que le syntagme coordonne par gen n’introduit que des individus pluriels dans le discours et que ce syntagme porte la valeur sémantique pluriel [+Pl]. Nous passons aussi en revue différents types de prédicats afin de retracer la distribution des interprétations collective et distributive des syntagmes coordonnés par gen. Ensuite, nous nous penchons sur le suffixe -men et sur l’expression formée par ce suffixe et un nom commun ou un nom propre. Notre examen couvre principalement deux questions, celle de la nature de -men et celle de la (in)définitude de l’expression suffixée par -men en mandarin. Nous soutenons que -men n’est pas un marqueur collectif mais plutôt un marqueur pluriel. Cependant, ce marqueur n’est pas obligatoire, à la différence des marqueur du pluriel tels que -s dans les langues occidentales, le mandarin étant une langue à classificateur. Quant à l’(in)définitude de l’expression suffixée par -men, nous admettons que c’est un pluriel défini, mais ceci du fait que -men ne s’attache qu’aux pronoms personnels et aux noms d’humains, noms qui occupent le hautde la hiérarchie d’animacité. Donc l’expression suffixée par -men hériterait de la définitude en partie de la nature de son domaine fortement individué. Enfin, nous nous intéressons a l’interprétation distributive des syntagmes nominaux dans la phrase ou figure l’adverbe quan (‘tout’-flottant). Nous affirmons que quan impose la lecture distributive de manière autonome et nous en proposons une analyse en tant que modificateur de prédicat d’évènement. Quan cible un nominal relie par un θ-rôle et encapsule dans ce rôle l’instruction de distribution. La distributivité renforcée par quan implique une relation distributive entre deux entités : le nominal qui est sémantiquement pluriel et l’évènement plurielThe thesis invested the research on the semantically plural nominal phrases in Mandarin Chinese and on their collectif and distributif interpretations. It offered an analysis of the following form of pluralities : the coordinated phrase with gen, the nominals modified by the suffix -men, and the subjects or the objects of the VP modified by quan (the floating quantifier). Concerning the coordinated phrase with gen, we will show that the conjunction gen of the phrase ‘A gen B’ lexicalize the constraint of the plurality via the restrictions on the conjoint elements. Our argument is mainly based on three points : 1) the category of the conjuncts is necessarily [+N] ; 2) coordinated phrases with gen introduce only the plural individuals in the discourse and 3) this nominal phrase characterizes the semantic plural value [+Pl]. We will also examine the different types of predicates in order to retrace thedistribution of collective and distributive interpretations of the coordinated phrases with gen. Then, we look into the suffix –men and the expressions formed by this suffix and a common noun or a proper noun. The investigation will mainly concern two questions : the question of the nature of –men and the question of the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by –men in Mandarin Chinese. We will argue that –men is not a collectif marker, but preferably a plural marker. However, different from plural markers in the western languages for exemple –s, the marker –men in Mandarin Chinese which is typically a classifer language, is not obligatory. Regarding the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by -men, we will admit that they are definite plurals, because of the fact that –men attaches only to only to personal pronouns and humain nouns, the nouns which occupy a high hierarchy of animacity. In consequence, the expressions suffixed by –men partly inherit the definitude of the nature of its considerably individuated domain. Finally, we are interested in the distributive interpretation of the nominal phrases in the sentences wherethe adverbial quan (the floating quantifier) appeares. We will claim that quan imposes the distributive reading in an autonomous manner and we will put forward an analysis of adverbial quan as a modifier of event predicate. Quan targets nominals linked by θ-roles and encapsulate in this role the instruction of distribution. The distributivity reinforced by quan involves a distributive relation between two entities : the nominal which is semantically plural and the plural event
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Hilário, Rosângela Nogarini [UNESP]. "Um olhar sobre a aquisição do plural nominal em crianças." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100250.
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hilario_rn_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1000379 bytes, checksum: 9a58d592f6966a868695569de2f4ad58 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Cette recherche a pour objectif d’analyser les premiers emplois du pluriel nominal dans la production orale d’enfants monolingues et bilingues qui sont en train d’acquérir le portugais du Brésil (désormais PB) et le français (désormais FR). Nos analyses sont fondées sur les réflexions de Bakhtine et du Cercle à propos de la langue et du langage, et les concepts de Vygotsky et Bruner à propos de l’acquisition du langage. Les données qui comprennent des enregistrements de deux enfants monolingues brésiliens (Ana, de 1;11.03 à 2;07;27, Melissa, de 2;02.05 à 2;11.19), une enfant monolingue français (Madeleine, de 1;11.13 à 2;09.16) et une enfant bilingue PB/FR (Marina, de 2;05.10 à 3;02.18), ont été transcrites au format CHAT avec le logiciel CLAN, et analysées sur EXCEL à partir de categories linguistiques et extralinguistiques. D’abord, nous avons observé que les numéraux constituent une ressource importante pour l’expression de la pluralité dans la période de l’acquisition du langage. Ils ont été observés majoritairement dans le corpus en PB (chez les deux enfants monolingues et chez l’enfant bilingue). Nous avons relevé davantage de cas de syntagmes nominaux composés de D+N au pluriel en FR et leur production est plus précoce ; toutefois, ils sont aussi utilisés dans des contextes où l’on attendrait plutôt le singulier. Nous avons identifié trois possibilités de marquage du pluriel du syntagme nominal chez les enfants brésiliens : des syntagmes nominaux composés de Dp+Np (par exemple: « as asas »), des syntagmes composés de Dp+Ns (par exemple : « os amiguinho ») et des syntagmes composées de Ds+Np (par exemple : « a mãos »)...(Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os primeiros empregos do morfema de plural no sintagma nominal na produção oral de crianças monolíngues e bilíngues adquirindo o português do Brasil (PB) e o francês (FR). A análise foi proposta considerando as reflexões acerca da língua(gem) que constam nos escritos de Bakhtin e o Círculo, bem como os conceitos propostos por Vygotsky e Bruner acerca da aquisição da linguagem. O corpus foi coletado longitudinalmente, em situações naturalísticas, e é composto pelo registro em vídeo de duas crianças monolíngues brasileiras (Ana, 1;11.03 a 2;07;27, Melissa, 2;02.05 a 2;11.19), uma criança francesa (Madeleine, 1;11.13 a 2;09.16) e uma criança bilíngue PB/FR (Marina, 2;05.10 a 3;02.18). Os dados foram transcritos no programa CLAN, segundo as normas CHAT, e analisados com o auxílio do programa EXCEL, a partir de categorias linguísticas e extralinguísticas. A princípio, nós observamos que os numerais são um recurso importante para a expressão de pluralidade no período de aquisição, sendo constatado em maior número na produção em PB (tanto das crianças monolíngues quanto da criança bilíngue) do que em FR. Há mais ocorrências de sintagmas nominais plurais no corpus em francês – e a produção é mais precoce, porém, também é maior o número de uso de plural em contextos em que o singular era esperado. Identificamos também, na produção da criança brasileira adquirindo o PB, três possibilidades de marcação de plural em sintagmas nominais compostos por dois ou mais elementos: sintagmas compostos por Dp+Np (por exemplo: as asas), sintagmas compostos por Dp+Ns (por exemplo: os amiguinho) e sintagmas compostos por Ds+Np (por exemplo: a mãos). A ocorrência desse último tipo é consideravelmente maior, possivelmente...
FAPESP: 11/08203-2
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Hilário, Rosângela Nogarini. "Um olhar sobre a aquisição do plural nominal em crianças /." Araraquara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100250.
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Orientador: Alessandra Del RéBanca: Márcia Romero
Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck
Banca: Irani Rodrigues Maldonade
Banca: Marianne Carvalho Bezerra Cavalcante
Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os primeiros empregos do morfema de plural no sintagma nominal na produção oral de crianças monolíngues e bilíngues adquirindo o português do Brasil (PB) e o francês (FR). A análise foi proposta considerando as reflexões acerca da língua(gem) que constam nos escritos de Bakhtin e o Círculo, bem como os conceitos propostos por Vygotsky e Bruner acerca da aquisição da linguagem. O corpus foi coletado longitudinalmente, em situações naturalísticas, e é composto pelo registro em vídeo de duas crianças monolíngues brasileiras (Ana, 1;11.03 a 2;07;27, Melissa, 2;02.05 a 2;11.19), uma criança francesa (Madeleine, 1;11.13 a 2;09.16) e uma criança bilíngue PB/FR (Marina, 2;05.10 a 3;02.18). Os dados foram transcritos no programa CLAN, segundo as normas CHAT, e analisados com o auxílio do programa EXCEL, a partir de categorias linguísticas e extralinguísticas. A princípio, nós observamos que os numerais são um recurso importante para a expressão de pluralidade no período de aquisição, sendo constatado em maior número na produção em PB (tanto das crianças monolíngues quanto da criança bilíngue) do que em FR. Há mais ocorrências de sintagmas nominais plurais no corpus em francês - e a produção é mais precoce, porém, também é maior o número de uso de plural em contextos em que o singular era esperado. Identificamos também, na produção da criança brasileira adquirindo o PB, três possibilidades de marcação de plural em sintagmas nominais compostos por dois ou mais elementos: sintagmas compostos por Dp+Np (por exemplo: as asas), sintagmas compostos por Dp+Ns (por exemplo: os amiguinho) e sintagmas compostos por Ds+Np (por exemplo: a mãos). A ocorrência desse último tipo é consideravelmente maior, possivelmente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Resumé: Cette recherche a pour objectif d'analyser les premiers emplois du pluriel nominal dans la production orale d'enfants monolingues et bilingues qui sont en train d'acquérir le portugais du Brésil (désormais PB) et le français (désormais FR). Nos analyses sont fondées sur les réflexions de Bakhtine et du Cercle à propos de la langue et du langage, et les concepts de Vygotsky et Bruner à propos de l'acquisition du langage. Les données qui comprennent des enregistrements de deux enfants monolingues brésiliens (Ana, de 1;11.03 à 2;07;27, Melissa, de 2;02.05 à 2;11.19), une enfant monolingue français (Madeleine, de 1;11.13 à 2;09.16) et une enfant bilingue PB/FR (Marina, de 2;05.10 à 3;02.18), ont été transcrites au format CHAT avec le logiciel CLAN, et analysées sur EXCEL à partir de categories linguistiques et extralinguistiques. D'abord, nous avons observé que les numéraux constituent une ressource importante pour l'expression de la pluralité dans la période de l'acquisition du langage. Ils ont été observés majoritairement dans le corpus en PB (chez les deux enfants monolingues et chez l'enfant bilingue). Nous avons relevé davantage de cas de syntagmes nominaux composés de D+N au pluriel en FR et leur production est plus précoce ; toutefois, ils sont aussi utilisés dans des contextes où l'on attendrait plutôt le singulier. Nous avons identifié trois possibilités de marquage du pluriel du syntagme nominal chez les enfants brésiliens : des syntagmes nominaux composés de Dp+Np (par exemple: « as asas »), des syntagmes composés de Dp+Ns (par exemple : « os amiguinho ») et des syntagmes composées de Ds+Np (par exemple : « a mãos »)...(Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
Doutor
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Hotta, Ryuichi. "The development of the nominal plural forms in early Middle English." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419184.
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HABIBI, HASSAN. "Aspects de la phonologie et de la morphologie nominale en arabe marocain "le cas du pluriel brise"." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030155.
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Cette etude est une contribution au domaine de la recherche phonologique et morphologique de l'arabe marocain et plus particulierement celle de la derivation nominale dans cette meme langue. L'objectif premier de notre investigation est de decrire et d'analyser le fonctionnement du pluriel brise qui consiste en une infixation interne dans le scheme du singulier. Notre investigation sera basee sur les idees fondamentales de la theorie de la morphologie prosodique qui stipule que le gabarit morphologique est defini en termes d'unites authentiques de la prosodie : la more, la syllabe, le pied et le mot phonologique. Cette etude demontre par consequent, que grace a ces categories, la morphologie prosodique en arabe marocain fonctionne. Sous la multitude et la diversite des sujets rencontres tout au long de cette etude, une idee de base a ete defendue. Selon cette idee, les structures phonologiques nous permettent de mieux rendre compte de certaines regularites morphologiques au cours de lala derivation. Trois theses fondamentales se sont developpees dans ce sens : 1- les gabarits en arabe marocain sont definis en terme d'unites authentiques de la prosodie. 2- les contraintes de la satisfaction du gabarit sont obligatoires et elles sont determinees aussi bien par les principes de la prosodie universelle que par des principes specifiques a la langue etudiee. 3- le domaine, ou les operations morphologiques sont appliquees doit etre circonscrit par des criteres prosodiques (en particulier le mot minimal par lequel le domaine doit etre selectionne)This study concerns the field of phonology and morphology in morrocan arabic and particulary noun derivations. Thus the main purpose of our invistigation is to describe and analyse the mechanisms involved in the broken plural. Our theoritical framework is based on the prosodic theory that stipulate the fact that the morphological templat's most important points are : the mora, the syllable, the foot and the phonological word. Through our analysis we have tried to show that, by means of these elements, the prosodic morphology works for the case of morrocan arabic. The idea we support throughtout this work is that trough phonological structures, we can get some morphological regularities that come out during the process of derivation. As a result, three points were discussed. Firstly, templates in morrocan arabic are defined in terms of authentic units of prosody. Secondly, satisfaction of templatic constraints is obligatory and is specified by the principles of prosody, both universal and language-specific. Thirdly, the domain that has to do with morphological processes must be circumscribed by prosodic measures (espacially the minimal word that governs the selection of the domain)
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Pereira, Cleuzira Custodia. "O apagamento do plural em sintagmas nominais numa comunidade de fala da cidade de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2008. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15334.
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The aim of this dissertation was to investigate plural absence in Noun Syntagma in
interviews with speakers of a community in Goias city, Brazil, based on theoretical and
methodological Labov s Linguistic Variation approaches. Linguistic factors were: phonic
prominence, syntagma elements position, syntagma elements grammatical class and syntagma
structure. Extra linguistic variables were: schooling, sex and age. Based on works from Braga
(1977) and Scherre (1988), the conditions for noun number agreement rules were studied and
compared to pattern language in this community in Brazilian Portuguese speaking. The
hypothesis were confirmed: speakers who studied till the second degree use less agreement
rules than those who studied till fourth degree, although schooling was not relevant in every
data crossing; female speakers are more concerned to these rules than male ones; explicit
plural marks are less frequent in binary data (-prominent) as in mulher-mulheres, pior-piores;
the first position have favored s retention in every data crossing; article was the grammatical
class that received more plural marks; and syntagma structure that received more plural marks
was that formed by a Determinant and a Noun (DET N)O objetivo desta dissertação foi investigar o apagamento do plural em sintagmas nominais a partir de entrevistas com falantes de uma comunidade de fala da cidade de Goiás, com base nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Lingüística de Labov. As variáveis lingüísticas estudadas foram: saliência fônica, posição dos elementos no sintagma nominal, classe gramatical dos elementos e estrutura sintagmática. As variáveis extralingüísticas foram: escolaridade, sexo e faixa etária. Com base nos trabalhos de Braga (1977) e Scherre (1988), foram estudados os condicionamentos da aplicação da regra de concordância de número de acordo com a norma padrão na fala dessa comunidade, no Português do Brasil. As hipóteses de pesquisa foram confirmadas: os falantes até segunda série fazem menos concordância que os de terceira e quarta séries, embora o grau de escolaridade não tenha sido relevante em todos os cruzamentos feitos; os falantes do sexo feminino preocupam-se mais em fazer a CN que os do sexo masculino; as marcas explícitas de plural ocorrem menos nos dados de forma binária (- saliente), como no plural em es (mulher-mulheres, pior-piores) e em is (real-reais, material-materiais); a primeira posição da marca de plural favoreceu a retenção do s em todos os cruzamentos feitos. Quanto à classe gramatical dos elementos formadores do SN, em todos os cruzamentos feitos, o artigo foi o que mais recebeu a marca de plural. A estrutura sintagmática de maior ocorrência de plural foi DET N, ou seja, a estrutura formada por um determinante e um substantivo.
Mestre em Lingüística
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Mazodier, Catherine. "Détermination nominale et opérations de structuration de l'énoncé : le cas du pluriel en O/-s en anglais contemporain." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030054.
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Dans la perspective de la théorie des opérations énonciatives, le problème du pluriel nominal déterminé par l'article zéro en anglais est abordé. Il est montré que le pluriel indeterminé n'a pas de valeur numérique ou quantitative, mais que ses emplois relèvent de la strategie fondamentalement qualitative de la détermination zéro. Le pluriel en zéro -s est analysé en fonction de la place argumentale du groupe nominal déterminé (sujet ou objet), conjointement avec l'étude de la valeur spécifique ou générique de la réference associée au nom. Ces differents facteurs sont mis en relation avec les opérations de structuration qui sous-tendent l'organisation de l'énoncé et déterminent son interprétation comme "évènement" ou "proprieté"Within the theoretical frame of utterance operations, the use of the bare plural is described. The base value of the zero plural is shown to be qualitative rather than quantitative. It is analysed in relation to the place of the noun phrase within the utterance (subject or object), along with the study of the specific or generic value of the reference assigned to the noun. These different factors are shown to be related to underlying operations which organise the structure of the utterance and determine its final interpretation as "event" or "property"
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Ben, Si Said Samir. "De la nature de la variation diatopique en kabyle : étude de la formation des singulier et pluriel nominaux." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2033/document.
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Cette thèse s’articule autour de la formation des noms et de la variation morpho-Phonologique dans les dialectes kabyles. L’analyse des données de mon propre dialecte AEH issues du dictionnaire de Dallet (1982) a montré que1. les éléments qui apparaissent au pluriel mais qui sont absents au singulier sont imprédictibles et ils font donc partie des ingrédients lexicaux de la racine ;2. à partir du dialecte d'AEH, j'ai dégagé la généralisation selon laquelle le pluriel a une taille constante de 5 unités CV. Il s'est avéré par la suite que cela est vrai en réalité pour l’ensemble des dialectes kabyles. Cette généralisation est basée sur les enquêtes de terrain que j'ai menées dans la région de Kabylie. Je propose aussi une analyse de la voyelle initiale en kabyle (et en berbère) qui prend en compte le scénario diachronique de Vycichl (1957) et Brugnatelli (1997) selon lequel en proto-Berbère il y a eu un figement d’anciens démonstratifs avec les noms. J’ai proposé que l’alternance a- (EL) vs w/u- (EA) est allomorphique. Par le même mouvement, j'ai affiné l’analyse de Bendjaballah (2011) en éliminant le CV qui épèle K (le cas). Dans mon analyse, la VII arrive avec son propre CV.Le cadre général de mon analyse est défini par la situation typologique du berbère : il s'agit d'une langue concaténative, puisqu'on ne peut attacher aucune information sémantique ou morpho-Syntaxique aux voyelles ni au gabarit ; la démonstration de la taille constante du pluriel établit par ailleurs que le berbère est gabaritique, i.e. que et les consonnes et les voyelles sont stockées ensemble dans la racine (vocalisée) et le gabarit sont stockés indépendamment dans le lexique. Si donc en sémitique est qu’en sémitique les ingrédients lexicaux d'un mot sont au nombre de trois (racine consonantique, voyelle, gabarit), en kabyle il y en a seulement deux (racine (vocalisée) et gabarit). Dans cet environnement gabaritique mais parfaitement concaténatif, la thèse développe une théorie de la variation diatopique dont les locus sont au nombre de deux : il s’agit d'une part de l’association d’une racine donnée à des gabarits différents dans différents dialectes, d'autre part de racines mélodiquement identiques mais dont des segments peuvent porter à travers les dialectes des instructions lexicales différentes quant à leur comportement lors de l'association. Etant donné le fait que les travaux sur la variation diatopique en afro-Asiatique sont clairsemés, il sera intéressant de voir si la variation dans d'autres langues fonctionne de la même façon.La façon dont la variation diatopique est gérée dans cette thèse se rapporte à la conjecture Borer-Chomsky que, suivant Oostendorp (2013), j’applique à la phonologie. Dans le cas du kabyle, la variation diatopique des singuliers n'implique pas des mécanismes différents de formation du pluriel (computation), mais des marquages lexicaux des racines à faire leur singulier dans telle ou telle classe. Enfin, j’espère que la thèse trouvera sa place dans le débat sur le statut de la racine et du gabarit dans le lexique mental des langues afro-Asiatiques : l'approche classique accorde un statut lexical, grammatical et cognitif indépendant à la racine et au gabarit, alors que la stem-Based morphology soutient que les deux unités cohabitent dans le lexique. Si la variation diatopique en kabyle fonctionne de la manière décrite, i.e. par l’association d’une racine donnée à des gabarits singuliers distincts à travers les dialectes, la racine et le gabarit représentent nécessairement deux unités lexicales indépendantesThis thesis deals with noun formation and morpho-Phonological variation in Kabyle dialects. The analysis of the data in my own dialecte AEH from Dallet (1982) dictionary showed that1) items that appear in the plural but are absent in the singular are unpredictable and they are part of the lexical root ingredients.2) from the dialect of AEH, I've proposed the generalization that the plural has a constant size 5 CV units. It turned out later that this is true in fact for all Kabyle dialects. This generalization is based on field research that I conducted in the Kabylie region.I also proposed an analysis of the initial vowel in Kabyle (and Berber) which takes into account the diachronic scenario of Vycichl (1957) et Brugnatelli (1997) that in Proto-Berber there has been a congealing former demonstrative with names. I suggested that alternating a-(EL) vs w/u (EA) is allomorphic. By the same movement, I refined analysis Bendjaballah (2011) by removing the CV that spells out K (the case). In my analysis, VII arrives with his own CV. The general framework of my analysis is defined by the Berber typological situation: it is a concatenative language, since we cannot attach any semantic or morpho-Syntactic information to vowels or template; demonstration of constant size plural also establishes that Berber is templatic, i.e. and that consonants and vowels are stored together in the root (vocalized) and the template are stored independently in the lexicon. If so Semitic lexical ingredients of a word are three in number (consonant root vowel template), in Kabyle there are only two (root (vocalized) and template).In this templatic but perfectly concatenative environment, the thesis develops a theory of diatopic variation whose locus are two in number: combination of a given root to different templates in different dialects in one hand, and in the other hand, roots melodically identical but whose segments can carry of across the dialects different lexical instructions about their behavior at time of association. Given the fact that work on diatopic variation in Afro-Asiatic are sparse, it will be interesting to see if the variation in other languages works in the same way.How diatopic variation is handled in this thesis relates to the Borer-Chomsky Conjecture that, according Oostendorp (2013), I apply to phonology. In the case of Kabyle, diatopic variation of singulars does not imply different mechanisms of plural formation (computation), but lexical markings to their unique roots in a particular class.Finally, I hope that the thesis will find its place in the debate on the status of the root and template in the mental lexicon of Afro-Asiatic languages: the classical approach gives an independent lexical, grammatical and cognitive status to the root and template, while the stem-Based morphology supports both units coexist in the lexicon. If diatopic variation in Kabyle works as described, i.e. by the association of a given root to a distinct singular templates across dialects, the root and template necessarily represent two independent tokens
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Ramalho, Ana Margarida Monteiro Cortes. "Aquisição do plural nos nomes terminados em ditongo nasal : estudo com crianças entre os 3 e os 7 anos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21163.
Full textAbstract:
O principal objectivo deste estudo é o de fornecer dados de referência sobre a aquisição do plural em nomes terminados em ditongo nasal, em PE. Para a recolha de dados, construiu-se uma prova de nomeação, que foi aplicada a 130 crianças portuguesas entre [3;00-7;01] anos. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que, inicialmente (3 e 4 anos), as crianças usam produções que reflectem o impacto da regra de formação do plural (acrescente-se [ʃ] à forma de singular) – efeito gramatical: recorrem preferencialmente ao formato [ɐʃ], independentemente do paradigma a que pertencem, tanto em palavras como em pseudopalavras. Posteriormente, começam a dar gradual atenção ao formato com maior produtividade no PE ([õʃ]), sendo [ɐʃ] usado como formato não marcado em contextos problemáticos até aos 5 anos e não se registando, nas faixas etárias mais baixas, um efeito de frequência. O formato [ɐʃ] revela-se o mais problemático e não se encontra estabilizado aos 6 anos. Apesar de a marcação do plural emergir cedo em PE, a estabilização do plural em nomes terminados em ditongo nasal ocorre tardiamente devido à complexidade morfofonológica que lhe está associada, não estando a estrutura ainda adquirida aos 6 anos. Os resultados disponibilizados na presente tese são de utilidade para terapeutas da fala, educadores de infância, professores de 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e linguistas, que os poderão usar como valores de referência para o estudo e para a estimulação do desenvolvimento linguístico associado a esta estrutura. -- ABSTRACT: The main goal of this study is to provide reference data on the acquisition of plural in nouns ending with nasal diphthongs in EP. For data collection, a naming test was built consisting of 36 stimuli – training items, target stimuli (words and nonwords) and distracters – that was applied to 130 Portuguese children between [3, 00-7; 01] years. The results revealed that young children (3 and 4 year olds) tend to use a grammatical strategy (adding [ʃ] to the singular form); they use the format [ɐʃ] to build the plural in words (for all paradigms) and nonwords. The [õʃ] shape, which is the most frequent paradigm in EP, appears later, at 5 years old, although, [ɐʃ] is still used as unmarked in problematic contexts up to that age. We can conclude then that the frequency effect is not relevant for the youngest children. The [ɐʃ] paradigm is the most problematic: it isn´t stabilized at six years. As a general conclusion, we assume that although the nasal diphthong [ɐw] ending in nouns seems to emerge early, it is stabilized lately – assumedly after 6 - due to the morphologic and phonologic complexity associated with it. The results presented in this investigation are useful for speech and language pathologists, education professionals and linguists, who can use them as reference values for the study and stimulation of linguistic development associated with this structure.
Books on the topic "Pluriel nominal"
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Zaborski, Andrzej. The morphology of nominal plural in the Cushitic languages. Wien: AFRO-PUB, 1986.
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Saugera, Valérie. Nominal Anglicisms in the Plural. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625542.003.0005.
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This chapter comprehensively identifies the constraints that control the inflection of English-origin nouns in French. While French and English share the same pluralization morpheme, a small set of English nouns, particularly compounds, fails to receive inflection in French (for example, des black-out vs. des black-jacks). The findings demonstrate that the lack of inflection on this subset is rooted in the parameters of French (rather than English) morphology. Examination of the plural of Anglicisms also provides insight into mechanisms and processes of integration and reveals other findings, e.g. patterns of simplification, Anglicisms as tools for playful language, case studies of loans (people).
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Gillon, Carrie, and Nicole Rosen. Nominal Contact in Michif. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795339.001.0001.
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Michif is an endangered language spoken by approximately a few hundred Métis people, mostly located in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. Michif is usually categorized as a mixed language (Bakker 1997; Thomason 2003), due to the inability to trace it back to a single language family, with the majority of verbal elements coming from Plains Cree (Algonquian) and the majority of nominal elements coming from French (Indo-European). This book investigates Bakker’s (1997) often cited claim that the morphology of each source language is not reduced, with the language combining full French noun phrase grammar and Plains Cree verbal grammar. The book focuses on the syntax and semantics of the French-source noun phrase. While Michif has features that are obviously due to heavy contact with French (two mass/count systems, two plural markers, two gender systems), the Michif noun phrase mainly behaves like an Algonquian noun phrase. Even some of the French morphosyntax that it borrowed is used to Algonquianize non-Algonquian borrowings: the French-derived articles are only required on non-Algonquian nouns, and are used to make non-Algonquian borrowings visible to the Algonquian syntax. Michif is thus shown to be best characterized as an Algonquian language, with heavy French borrowing. With such a quintessentially ‘mixed’ language shown to essentially not mix grammars, the usefulness of this category for analysing synchronic patterns is questioned, much in the same way that scholars such as DeGraff (2000, 2003, 2005) and Mufwene (1986, 2001, 2008, 2015) question the usefulness of the creole language classification.
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Nominal and Verbal Plurity in Chadic (Publications in African Languages & Linguistics). Walter de Gruyter & Co, 1990.
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Saugera, Valérie. Adjectival Anglicisms in the Plural. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625542.003.0006.
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When adjectives of English origin are pluralized in French, they follow one of three patterns: they receive inflection, they reject inflection, or they occur in both inflected and uninflected forms. This chapter reveals that although uninflected and variable adjectives do violate the standard native rule of adjective agreement, the constraints that block inflection are French-derived. A second feature of these adjectival Anglicisms is that their nominal counterpart, if it exists, always receives native inflection (des jeans baggy vs. des baggys). It is proposed that the difference in word class, and specifically the feature of grammatical gender, accounts for the contrastive behavior.
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Dworkin, Steven N. Inflectional morphology of medieval Hispano-Romance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687312.003.0003.
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This chapter describes the inflectional nominal, pronominal, and verbal morphology of Old Spanish, a language whose texts show a great deal of formal variation. It first deals with nominal gender and plural marking before going on to describe the morphology of articles, demonstratives, and possessives. Attention next turns to the forms of subject and object pronouns, indefinite, interrogative, and relative pronouns, negators, and adverbs. The rest of the chapter deals with inflectional verbal morphology. It opens with a survey of the three conjugation classes, the relevant past participles, and morphophonological alternations involving monophthongs and diphthongs in verb stems, before examining for each synthetic and analytic tense the wide range of relevant verbal suffixes or endings and instances of stem alllomorphy in both the indicative and subjunctive.
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Amha, Azeb. Commands in Wolaitta. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0014.
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This chapter examines expressions of commands (imperatives) in Wolaitta and the ways in which the imperative is distinguished from statements and questions. Although each sentence type is formally distinct, imperatives and questions share a number of morpho-syntactic properties. Similar to declarative and interrogative sentences, imperatives in Wolaitta involve verbal grammatical categories such as the distinction of person, number, and gender of the subject as well as negative and positive polarity. In contrast to previous studies, the present contribution establishes the function of a set of morphemes based on -árk and -érk to be the expression of plea or appeal to an addressee rather than politeness when issuing a command. Instead, politeness in commands is expressed by using plural (pro)nominal and verbal elements. The imperative in Wolaitta is a robust construction which is also used in formulaic speeches such as leave-taking as well as in blessing, curses, and advice.
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Loporcaro, Michele. Grammatical gender in Romance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199656547.003.0003.
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The most widespread type of gender system is exemplified with Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, French, Italian, and Sardinian data. These languages all have parallel binary systems, with the masculine selected by default (e.g. for gender resolution, non-agreement, or—in most cases—agreement with non-nominal controllers). While dialect variation is covered in the following chapters, here a flavour thereof is conveyed by introducing binary convergent systems, which represent a further development (due to sound change merging agreement targets in the plural) of the mainstream binary system. The chapter then reviews semantic and formal assignment rules. Romance gender systems are never entirely semantic, but they always have a semantic nucleus: names of male/female human beings and sex-differentiable animals are assigned masculine and feminine via semantic rule in all Romance languages. These differ widely in the extent to which formal (morphological and phonological) rules are at work, and in how these look.
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Loporcaro, Michele. Romance gender systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199656547.003.0004.
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After showing that, for purposes of reconstruction, the dataset must be limited to non-creolized Romance varieties, the chapter discusses the notion ‘remnants of the neuter’, showing that this label covers disparate things, and that what is in focus here is morphosyntactically functional remnants, i.e. traces of a third (controller and/or target) gender. These are then inventoried, showing that almost all Romance languages preserve a third series of targets (in pronouns) for agreement with non-nominal controllers, and Sursilvan has this also on predicative adjectives. Furthermore, Romanian and many Italo-Romance dialects still have a third controller gender, and a subset of the latter even has an additional target gender, with dedicated agreement forms for either (in just one Calabrian dialect) the neuter plural or (in most dialects between the Roma–Ancona line and a line crossing central Puglia and northern Lucania) a neuter hosting just mass nouns (and hence, only singular).
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Dobrovie-Sorin, Carmen, and Ion Giurgea. Majority Quantification and Quantity Superlatives. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791249.001.0001.
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This book is a study of the syntax and semantics of proportional Most and other majority quantifiers across languages. Based on data drawn from around forty languages, this book reveals the existence of two semantic types of Most: a distributive type, which compares cardinalities of sets of atoms, and a “cumulative” type, which involves measuring plural and mass entities with respect to a whole. On the syntactic side, the most important difference is between non-partitive and partitive configurations. Certain majority quantifiers are specialized for partitive constructions, others are also allowed in non-partitives. We also examine complex majority expressions of the type The Largest Part and nominal quantifiers of the type The Majority. This large scale crosslinguistic investigation qualifies as a piece of typological research that moreover offers several case studies on both well-studied and less investigated languages (English, German, Icelandic, Romanian, Italian, Hungarian, Basque, Latin, Hindi, Syrian Arabic). The proposed analyses raise new theoretical questions regarding issues such as number marking, partitivity, kind reference, (in)definiteness marking, which are crucial issues for linguistic theory. Noteworthy is the attention paid to mass and collective quantification, an under-studied area. We argue in favor of a quantificational analysis of Most, against recent analyses that attempt to derive the proportional interpretation from the superlative, but we adopt a bipartition-cum-superlative analysis for The Largest Part.
Book chapters on the topic "Pluriel nominal"
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Bartens, Angela, and Niclas Sandström. "Explaining Kabuverdianu nominal plural formation." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 305–20. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.94.19bar.
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Dammel, Antje, and Sebastian Kürschner. "Complexity in nominal plural allomorphy: A contrastive survey of ten Germanic languages." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 243–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.94.15dam.
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Scheibl, György. "Rektionsplural und die anderen Plurale im deutsch-ungarischen Vergleich." In „vnd der gieng treulich, weislich vnd mëndlich mit den sachen vmb“, 104–15. Szeged, Hungary: Institut für Germanistik der Universität Szeged, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/fest.bassola.6.
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In diesem Artikel geht es um die Strukturierung der nominalen Plurallandschaft des Deutschen und des Ungarischen, wobei unter Plurallandschaft die Gesamtheit der funktional und / oder formal unterschiedlichen Pluraltypen in beiden Sprachen verstanden wird. Zur Strukturierung von diesen führe ich fünf sprachtypologisch definierte Parameter ein, mit deren Hilfe die Pluraltypen in zentrale und periphere eingeteilt werden können. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Deutsche zwei zentrale Plurale hat, den Flexionsplural und den Rektionsplural, das Ungarische aber nur einen, den Flexionsplural.
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Qiu, Bing. "A Study on the Evolution of Post-nominal Plural Expressions in Chinese Based on Tagged Corpora." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 268–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81197-6_23.
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Hotta, Ryuichi. "The order and schedule of nominal plural formation transfer in three Southern dialects of Early Middle English." In English Historical Linguistics 2010, 95–114. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.325.04hot.
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"4. Nominal Plural Marking." In Crosslinguistic Influence in Multilinguals, 53–73. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783096893-005.
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Miller, D. Gary. "The nominal system." In The Oxford Gothic Grammar, 58–101. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813590.003.0003.
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Nouns are inflected for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular and plural), and case: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative. Except in -u- stems, the vocative has the form of the accusative and/or is syncretized with the nominative. Demonstratives and pronominals have a residual instrumental, e.g. þe (by this), and ablative, e.g. jáinþro (from there). Adjectives are similarly inflected but also have strong and weak forms. Comparatives and nonpast participles are weak. The precise syntactic status of D-words (demonstratives, determiners, and articles) is impossible to test. Personal pronouns of the first and second person are inflected for singular, plural, and dual, and have no gender distinction. The third person pronoun has all three genders but only singular and plural number. Interrogative and indefinite pronouns are morphologically identical. Gothic has a rich negative polarity system. Numerals are partly inflected and partly indeclinable. Deictic adverbs belong to an old local case system.
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"EL PLURAL -ECHA." In Morfosemántica en la fase nominal purépecha, 121–72. El Colegio de México, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18r6qrx.6.
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Jiang, Li Julie. "Plurality and Complex Nominal Arguments in Mandarin." In Nominal Arguments and Language Variation, 157–210. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084165.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 focuses on -men in Mandarin, a morpheme that has been analyzed as a plural marker and/or a collective marker and has been used to argue for the existence of DP projections in Mandarin. It defends the view that -men is a plural marker but argues against the analysis of placing -men in the D position. By treating -men as a plural morpheme, the Mandarin fact may seem to argue against the proposed uniform D-less structure of numeral containing phrases in Chapter 2. However, this chapter argues that the Mandarin fact does not force us to change the proposed structure in Chapter 2. Specifically, it proposes an analysis of -men as an associative plural marker. The analysis of -men further argues for the lack of DP in Mandarin.
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"Chapter 5. Plural Verbs." In Nominal and Verbal Plurality in Chadic, 107–20. De Gruyter Mouton, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110874211-007.
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