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Journal articles on the topic 'Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Samruan, Worawalan, Nathalie Beaujean, and Marielle Afanassieff. "Pluripotent Stem Cells for Transgenesis in the Rabbit: A Utopia?" Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (2020): 8861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248861.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) possess the following two main properties: self-renewal and pluripotency. Self-renewal is defined as the ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state and pluripotency as the capacity to differentiate into cells of the three germ layers, i.e., ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. PSCs are derived from early embryos as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or are produced by reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In mice, PSCs can be stabilized into two states of pluripotency, namely naive and primed. Naive and primed PSCs notably differ

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Leyendecker Junior, Alessander. "TGF-β Inhibitor SB431542 Promotes the Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells into Mesenchymal-Like Cells". Stem Cells International 2018 (2 липня 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7878201.

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Due to their potential for tissue engineering applications and ability to modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored as a promising option for the treatment of chronic diseases and injuries. However, there are problems associated with the use of this type of cell that limit their applications. Several studies have been exploring the possibility to produce mesenchymal stem cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The aim of these studies is to generate MSCs with advantageous characteristics of both PSCs and MSCs. However, there are stil

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Fu, Xuemei, Shouhai Wu, Bo Li, Yang Xu, and Jingfeng Liu. "Functions of p53 in pluripotent stem cells." Protein & Cell 11, no. 1 (2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13238-019-00665-x.

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Abstract Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are capable of unlimited self-renewal in culture and differentiation into all functional cell types in the body, and thus hold great promise for regenerative medicine. To achieve their clinical potential, it is critical for PSCs to maintain genomic stability during the extended proliferation. The critical tumor suppressor p53 is required to maintain genomic stability of mammalian cells. In response to DNA damage or oncogenic stress, p53 plays multiple roles in maintaining genomic stability of somatic cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and sen

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Abu-Dawud, R., N. Graffmann, S. Ferber, W. Wruck, and J. Adjaye. "Pluripotent stem cells: induction and self-renewal." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1750 (2018): 20170213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0213.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) lie at the heart of modern regenerative medicine due to their properties of unlimited self-renewal in vitro and their ability to differentiate into cell types representative of the three embryonic germ layers—mesoderm, ectoderm and endoderm. The derivation of induced PSCs bypasses ethical concerns associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells and also enables personalized cell-based therapies. To exploit their regenerative potential, it is essential to have a firm understanding of the molecular processes associated with their induction from somatic cells.

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Wang, Xuepeng, and Qiang Wu. "The Divergent Pluripotent States in Mouse and Human Cells." Genes 13, no. 8 (2022): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13081459.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which can self-renew and give rise to all cell types in all three germ layers, have great potential in regenerative medicine. Recent studies have shown that PSCs can have three distinct but interrelated pluripotent states: naive, formative, and primed. The PSCs of each state are derived from different stages of the early developing embryo and can be maintained in culture by different molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on features of the three pluripotent states and review the underlying molecular mechanisms of maintaining

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Pei, Yangli, Liang Yue, Wei Zhang, Jinzhu Xiang, Zhu Ma, and Jianyong Han. "Murine pluripotent stem cells that escape differentiation inside teratomas maintain pluripotency." PeerJ 6 (January 4, 2018): e4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4177.

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Background Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer immense potential as a source for regenerative therapies. The teratoma assay is widely used in the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine, but the cell composition of teratoma is still elusive. Methods We utilized PSCs expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the Pou5f1 promoter to study the persistence of potential pluripotent cells during teratoma formation in vivo. OCT4-MES (mouse embryonic stem cells) were isolated from the blastocysts of 3.5-day OCT4-EGFP mice (transgenic mice express EGFP cDNA under th

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Nishimura, Ken, Aya Fukuda, and Koji Hisatake. "Mechanisms of the Metabolic Shift during Somatic Cell Reprogramming." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (2019): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092254.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hold a huge promise for regenerative medicine, drug development, and disease modeling. PSCs have unique metabolic features that are akin to those of cancer cells, in which glycolysis predominates to produce energy as well as building blocks for cellular components. Recent studies indicate that the unique metabolism in PSCs is not a mere consequence of their preference for a low oxygen environment, but is an active process for maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency, possibly in pr

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Ávila-González, Daniela, Mikel Ángel Gidi-Grenat, Guadalupe García-López, et al. "Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for Human Embryogenesis." Cells 12, no. 8 (2023): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12081192.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs; embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) can recapitulate critical aspects of the early stages of embryonic development; therefore, they became a powerful tool for the in vitro study of molecular mechanisms that underlie blastocyst formation, implantation, the spectrum of pluripotency and the beginning of gastrulation, among other processes. Traditionally, PSCs were studied in 2D cultures or monolayers, without considering the spatial organization of a developing embryo. However, recent research demonstrated that PSCs can form 3D structures that si

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Ivanova, Julia S., and Olga G. Lyublinskaya. "Redox Homeostasis and Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Uniqueness or Versatility?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (2021): 10946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010946.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great potential both in studies on developmental biology and clinical practice. Mitochondrial metabolism that encompasses pathways that generate ATP and produce ROS significantly differs between PSCs and somatic cells. Correspondingly, for quite a long time it was believed that the redox homeostasis in PSCs is also highly specific due to the hypoxic niche of their origin—within the pre-implantation blastocyst. However, recent research showed that redox parameters of cultivated PSCs have much in common with that of their differentiated progeny cells. Moreover,

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Rosa, Alessandro, and Monica Ballarino. "Long Noncoding RNA Regulation of Pluripotency." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1797692.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent a unique kind of stem cell, as they are able to indefinitely self-renew and hold the potential to differentiate into any derivative of the three germ layers. As such, human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) provide a unique opportunity for studying the earliest steps of human embryogenesis and, at the same time, are of great therapeutic interest. The molecular mechanisms underlying pluripotency represent a major field of research. Recent evidence suggests that a complex network of transcription factors, chroma

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Weissbein, Uri, Nissim Benvenisty, and Uri Ben-David. "Genome maintenance in pluripotent stem cells." Journal of Cell Biology 204, no. 2 (2014): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201310135.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) must maintain their proper genomic content in order to preserve appropriate self-renewal and differentiation capacities. However, their prolonged in vitro propagation, as well as the environmental culture conditions, present serious challenges to genome maintenance. Recent work has been focused on potential means to alleviate the genomic insults experienced by PSCs, and to detect them as soon as they arise, in order to prevent the detrimental consequences of these genomic aberrations on PSC application in basic research and regenerative medicine.

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Menzorov, Aleksei G. "Pluripotent Stem Cells of Order Carnivora: Technical Perspective." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043905.

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Human and mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are widely used for studying early embryonic development and for modeling of human diseases. Derivation and studying of PSCs from model organisms beyond commonly used mice and rats may provide new insights into the modeling and treating human diseases. The order Carnivora representatives possess unique features and are already used for modeling human-related traits. This review focuses on the technical aspects of derivation of the Carnivora species PSCs as well as their characterization. Current data on dog, feline, ferret, and American min

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Crombie, Duncan E., Maciej Daniszewski, Helena H. Liang, et al. "Development of a Modular Automated System for Maintenance and Differentiation of Adherent Human Pluripotent Stem Cells." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 22, no. 8 (2017): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555217696797.

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Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have tremendous potential for development of regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. However, the processes of reprogramming, maintenance, and differentiation are labor intensive and subject to intertechnician variability. To address these issues, we established and optimized protocols to allow for the automated maintenance of reprogrammed somatic cells into iPSCs to enable the large-scale culture and passaging of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using a customized TECAN Freedom EVO. Generation of iPSCs was perform

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Wang, Xiaoxiao, Yunlong Xiang, Yang Yu, et al. "Formative pluripotent stem cells show features of epiblast cells poised for gastrulation." Cell Research 31, no. 5 (2021): 526–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-021-00477-x.

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AbstractThe pluripotency of mammalian early and late epiblast could be recapitulated by naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primed epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), respectively. However, these two states of pluripotency may not be sufficient to reflect the full complexity and developmental potency of the epiblast during mammalian early development. Here we report the establishment of self-renewing formative pluripotent stem cells (fPSCs) which manifest features of epiblast cells poised for gastrulation. fPSCs can be established from different mouse ESCs, pre-/early-gastrula epiblasts and induce

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Chen, Andy Chun Hang, Qian Peng, Sze Wan Fong, Kai Chuen Lee, William Shu Biu Yeung, and Yin Lau Lee. "DNA Damage Response and Cell Cycle Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells." Genes 12, no. 10 (2021): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101548.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise in cell-based therapy because of their pluripotent property and the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from inner cell mass (ICM) possess unique cell cycle control with shortened G1 phase. In addition, ESCs have high expression of homologous recombination (HR)-related proteins, which repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) through HR or the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. On the other hand, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forced expression of transcription factors (Oct4, Sox

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Lee, Jungwoon, Young-Jun Park, and Haiyoung Jung. "Protein Kinases and Their Inhibitors in Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate Regulation." Stem Cells International 2019 (July 24, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1569740.

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Protein kinases modulate the reversible postmodifications of substrate proteins to their phosphorylated forms as an essential process in regulating intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Moreover, phosphorylation has recently been shown to tightly control the regulatory network of kinases responsible for the induction and maintenance of pluripotency, defined as the particular ability to differentiate pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into every cell type in the adult body. In particular, emerging evidence indicates that the balance between the self-renewal and differentiation of PSCs is re

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Milagre, Inês, Carolina Pereira, and Raquel A. Oliveira. "Compromised Mitotic Fidelity in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (2023): 11933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241511933.

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Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which include both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, are widely used in fundamental and applied biomedical research. They have been instrumental for better understanding development and cell differentiation processes, disease origin and progression and can aid in the discovery of new drugs. PSCs also hold great potential in regenerative medicine to treat or diminish the effects of certain debilitating diseases, such as degenerative disorders. However, some concerns have recently been raised over their safety for use in regenerative medicine. One

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Tan, Heng Liang, and Andre Choo. "Opportunities for Antibody Discovery Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Conservation of Oncofetal Targets." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (2019): 5752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225752.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) comprise both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The application of pluripotent stem cells is divided into four main areas, namely: (i) regenerative therapy, (ii) the study and understanding of developmental biology, (iii) drug screening and toxicology and (iv) disease modeling. In this review, we describe a new opportunity for PSCs, the discovery of new biomarkers and generating antibodies against these biomarkers. PSCs are good sources of immunogen for raising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) because of the conservation of oncofe

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Liu, Gele, Brian T. David, Matthew Trawczynski, and Richard G. Fessler. "Advances in Pluripotent Stem Cells: History, Mechanisms, Technologies, and Applications." Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 16, no. 1 (2019): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12015-019-09935-x.

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AbstractOver the past 20 years, and particularly in the last decade, significant developmental milestones have driven basic, translational, and clinical advances in the field of stem cell and regenerative medicine. In this article, we provide a systemic overview of the major recent discoveries in this exciting and rapidly developing field. We begin by discussing experimental advances in the generation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), next moving to the maintenance of stem cells in different culture types, and finishing with a discussion of three-dimensional (3D) cell techn

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Hindley, Christopher, and Anna Philpott. "The cell cycle and pluripotency." Biochemical Journal 451, no. 2 (2013): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20121627.

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PSCs (pluripotent stem cells) possess two key properties that have made them the focus of global research efforts in regenerative medicine: they have unlimited expansion potential under conditions which favour their preservation as PSCs and they have the ability to generate all somatic cell types upon differentiation (pluripotency). Conditions have been defined in vitro in which pluripotency is maintained, or else differentiation is favoured and is directed towards specific somatic cell types. However, an unanswered question is whether or not the core cell cycle machinery directly regulates th

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Su, Yue, Ling Wang, Zhiqiang Fan, et al. "Establishment of Bovine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910489.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been successfully developed in many species. However, the establishment of bovine-induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs) has been challenging. Here we report the generation of biPSCs from bovine mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) by overexpression of lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) and the other reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, LIN28, and NANOG (KdOSKMLN). These biPSCs exhibited silenced transgene expression at passage 10, and had prolonged self-renewal capacity for over 70 passages. The biPSCs have flat, primed-like PSC colony morphology in

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Takahashi, Kazutoshi, Michiko Nakamura, Chikako Okubo, et al. "The pluripotent stem cell-specific transcript ESRG is dispensable for human pluripotency." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 5 (2021): e1009587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009587.

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Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) express human endogenous retrovirus type-H (HERV-H), which exists as more than a thousand copies on the human genome and frequently produces chimeric transcripts as long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) fused with downstream neighbor genes. Previous studies showed that HERV-H expression is required for the maintenance of PSC identity, and aberrant HERV-H expression attenuates neural differentiation potentials, however, little is known about the actual of function of HERV-H. In this study, we focused on ESRG, which is known as a PSC-related HERV-H-driven lncRNA. The

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Morizane, Ryuji, and Albert Q. Lam. "Directed Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells into Kidney." Biomarker Insights 10s1 (January 2015): BMI.S20055. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s20055.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), represent an ideal substrate for regenerating kidney cells and tissue lost through injury and disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability to differentiate PSCs into populations of nephron progenitor cells that can organize into kidney epithelial structures in three-dimensional contexts. While these findings are highly encouraging, further studies need to be performed to improve the efficiency and specificity of kidney differentiation. The identification of specific markers

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Bernad, Raquel, Cian J. Lynch, Rocio G. Urdinguio, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, Mario F. Fraga, and Manuel Serrano. "Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19." Cells 10, no. 4 (2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040876.

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Pluripotent stem cells can be stabilized in vitro at different developmental states by the use of specific chemicals and soluble factors. The naïve and primed states are the best characterized pluripotency states. Naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) correspond to the early pre-implantation blastocyst and, in mice, constitute the optimal starting state for subsequent developmental applications. However, the stabilization of human naïve PSCs remains challenging because, after short-term culture, most current methods result in karyotypic abnormalities, aberrant DNA methylation patterns, loss of i

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Navarro, Micaela, Delia A. Soto, Carlos A. Pinzon, Jun Wu, and Pablo J. Ross. "Livestock pluripotency is finally captured in vitro." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd19272.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have demonstrated great utility in improving our understanding of mammalian development and continue to revolutionise regenerative medicine. Thanks to the improved understanding of pluripotency in mice and humans, it has recently become feasible to generate stable livestock PSCs. Although it is unlikely that livestock PSCs will be used for similar applications as their murine and human counterparts, new exciting applications that could greatly advance animal agriculture are being developed, including the use of PSCs for complex genome editing, cellular agriculture

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Bothun, Alisha, and Dori Woods. "Steps toward the generation of ovarian somatic cells from pluripotent stem cells." Clinical Theriogenology 12, no. 4 (2020): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v12.9454.

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The generation of functional gametes, both eggs and sperm, from murine pluripotent stem cell (PSC) sources, has set the stage for the eventual use of this emerging technology in other species. With the field enthusiastically embracing this eventuality, in particular for animal conservation efforts, there are a number of key factors to consider regarding the applicability of these methods across species, particularly with regard to the generation of eggs. To date, published studies point to the need for fetal somatic tissue and primitive granulosa cells to serve as a niche for the growth and ma

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Xiao, Jifang, Daniel H. Mai, and Liangqi Xie. "Resetting Human Naïve Pluripotency." Genetics & Epigenetics 8 (January 2016): GEG.S38093. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/geg.s38093.

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The rodent naive pluripotent state is believed to represent the preimplantation inner cell mass state of the developing blastocyst and can derive self-renewing pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. Nevertheless, human ESCs exhibit epigenetic, metabolic, and transcriptomic characteristics more akin to primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) derived from the postimplantation epiblast. Understanding the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that constrain human ESCs in the primed state is crucial for the human naive pluripotent state resetting and numerous applications in regenerative medici

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Yang, Ying, Katsuyuki Adachi, Megan A. Sheridan, et al. "Heightened potency of human pluripotent stem cell lines created by transient BMP4 exposure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 18 (2015): E2337—E2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504778112.

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Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) show epiblast-type pluripotency that is maintained with ACTIVIN/FGF2 signaling. Here, we report the acquisition of a unique stem cell phenotype by both human ES cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in response to transient (24–36 h) exposure to bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) plus inhibitors of ACTIVIN signaling (A83-01) and FGF2 (PD173074), followed by trypsin dissociation and recovery of colonies capable of growing on a gelatin substratum in standard medium for human PSCs at low but not high FGF2 concentrations. The self-renewing ce

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Shimada, Mikio, Kaima Tsukada, Nozomi Kagawa, and Yoshihisa Matsumoto. "Reprogramming and differentiation-dependent transcriptional alteration of DNA damage response and apoptosis genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells." Journal of Radiation Research 60, no. 6 (2019): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrz057.

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Abstract Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have a dual capability to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types necessary to develop an entire organism. Differentiation is associated with dynamic epigenetic alteration and transcriptional change, while self-renewal depends on maintaining the genome DNA accurately. Genome stability of PSCs is strictly regulated to maintain pluripotency. However, the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism in PSCs is still unclear. There is accumulating evidence that genome stability a

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Hay, David C., and Cliona O'Farrelly. "Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1750 (2018): 20170212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0212.

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Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a scalable alternative to primary and transformed human tissue. PSCs include human embryonic stem cells, derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts unsuitable for human implantation; and induced PSCs, generated by the reprogramming of somatic cells. Both cell types display the ability to self-renew and retain pluripotency, promising an unlimited supply of human somatic cells for biomedical application. A distinct advantage of using PSCs is the ability to select for genetic background, promising personalized modelling of human biology ‘in a dish’ o

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Zhang, Zhenwu, Xinyu Bao, and Chao-Po Lin. "Progress and Prospects of Gene Editing in Pluripotent Stem Cells." Biomedicines 11, no. 8 (2023): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082168.

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Applying programmable nucleases in gene editing has greatly shaped current research in basic biology and clinical translation. Gene editing in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), is highly relevant to clinical cell therapy and thus should be examined with particular caution. First, since all mutations in PSCs will be carried to all their progenies, off-target edits of editors will be amplified. Second, due to the hypersensitivity of PSCs to DNA damage, double-strand breaks (DSBs) made by gene editing could lead

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Torizal, Fuad G., Ikki Horiguchi, and Yasuyuki Sakai. "Physiological Microenvironmental Conditions in Different Scalable Culture Systems for Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701913010041.

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Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) are a valuable cell type that has a wide range of biomedical applications because they can differentiate into many types of adult somatic cell. Numerous studies have examined the clinical applications of PSCs. However, several factors such as bioreactor design, mechanical stress, and the physiological environment have not been optimized. These factors can significantly alter the pluripotency and proliferation properties of the cells, which are important for the mass production of PSCs. Nutritional mass transfer and oxygen transfer must be effectively maintai

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Wang, Shao-Hua, Chao Zhang, and Yangming Wang. "microRNA regulation of pluripotent state transition." Essays in Biochemistry 64, no. 6 (2020): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20200028.

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Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and early embryo development. The exact mechanism by which miRNAs regulate cell fate transition during embryo development is still not clear. Recent studies have identified and captured various pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that share similar characteristics with cells from different stages of pre- and post-implantation embryos. These PSCs provide valuable models to understand miRNA functions in early mammalian development. In this short review, we will summarize recent work towards understanding the function

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Mohtaram, Nima Khadem, Vahid Karamzadeh, Yousef Shafieyan, and Stephanie M. Willerth. "Commercializing Electrospun Scaffolds For Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering Applications." Electrospinning 2, no. 1 (2017): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/esp-2017-0003.

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Abstract Tissue engineering, the process of combining bioactive scaffolds often with cells to produce replacements for damaged organs, represents an enormous market opportunity. This review critically evaluates the commercialization potential of electrospun scaffolds for applications in stem cell biology, including tissue engineering. First, it provides an overview of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and their defining properties, pluripotency and the ability to self-renew. These cells serve as an important tool for engineering tissues, including for clinical applications. Next, we review the tec

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Pappas, Matthew P., Ning Xie, Jacqueline S. Penaloza, and Sunny S. K. Chan. "Defining the Skeletal Myogenic Lineage in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Teratomas." Cells 11, no. 9 (2022): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091589.

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Skeletal muscle stem cells are essential to muscle homeostasis and regeneration after injury, and have emerged as a promising cell source for treating skeletal disorders. An attractive approach to obtain these cells utilizes differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). We recently reported that teratomas derived from mouse PSCs are a rich source of skeletal muscle stem cells. Here, we showed that teratoma formation is also capable of producing skeletal myogenic progenitors from human PSCs. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we discovered several distinct skeletal myogenic subpopulations t

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Batalov, Ivan, and Adam W. Feinberg. "Differentiation of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Monolayer Culture." Biomarker Insights 10s1 (January 2015): BMI.S20050. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s20050.

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Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising cell source for cardiac tissue engineering and cell-based therapies for heart repair because they can be expanded in vitro and differentiated into most cardiovascular cell types, including cardiomyocytes. During embryonic heart development, this differentiation occurs under the influence of internal and external stimuli that guide cells to go down the cardiac lineage. In order to differentiate PSCs in vitro, these or similar stimuli need to be provided in a controlled manner. However, because it is not possible to completely recapitulate the

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Zhou, Hang, Yun Wang, Li-Ping Liu, Yu-Mei Li, and Yun-Wen Zheng. "Gene Editing in Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Derived Organoids." Stem Cells International 2021 (November 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8130828.

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With the rapid rise in gene-editing technology, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and their derived organoids have increasingly broader and practical applications in regenerative medicine. Gene-editing technologies, from large-scale nucleic acid endonucleases to CRISPR, have ignited a global research and development boom with significant implications in regenerative medicine. The development of regenerative medicine technologies, regardless of whether it is PSCs or gene editing, is consistently met with controversy. Are the tools for rewriting the code of life a boon to humanity or a Pandora’s box

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Grigor’eva, E. V., A. I. Shevchenko, S. P. Medvedev, N. A. Mazurok, A. И. Zhelezova, and S. M. Zakian. "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Microtus levis x Microtus arvalis Vole Hybrids: Conditions Necessary for Their Generation and Self-Renewal." Acta Naturae 7, no. 4 (2015): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2015-7-4-56-69.

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Every year, the list of mammalian species for which cultures of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are generated increases. PSCs are a unique tool for extending the limits of experimental studies and modeling different biological processes. In this work, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from the hybrids of common voles Microtus levis and Microtus arvalis, which are used as model objects to study genome organization on the molecular-genetic level and the mechanisms of X-chromosome inactivation, have been generated. Vole iPSCs were isolated and cultured in a medium containing cytokine LIF, basi

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Abdal Dayem, Ahmed, Soo Bin Lee, Kyeongseok Kim, et al. "Production of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Stem Cell Reprogramming." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (2019): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081922.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a broad spectrum of therapeutic applications and have been used in clinical trials. MSCs are mainly retrieved from adult or fetal tissues. However, there are many obstacles with the use of tissue-derived MSCs, such as shortages of tissue sources, difficult and invasive retrieval methods, cell population heterogeneity, low purity, cell senescence, and loss of pluripotency and proliferative capacities over continuous passages. Therefore, other methods to obtain high-quality MSCs need to be developed to overcome the limitations of tissue-derived MSCs. Pluripo

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Kim, Sejong, Geun-Ho Kang, Kyung Min Lim, et al. "Thermostable Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (TS-bFGF) Engineered with a Disulfide Bond Demonstrates Superior Culture Outcomes in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell." Biology 12, no. 6 (2023): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12060888.

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Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into various tissues and are an essential source of various disease models and therapeutics. Various growth factors are required in order to culture pluripotent stem cells, among which basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is essential for maintaining stem cell ability. However, bFGF has a short half-life (8 h) under normal mammalian cell culture conditions, and its activity decreases after 72 h, posing a serious problem in the production of high-quality stem cells. Here, we evaluated the various fu

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Luo, Qian, Honghu Li, Wei Shan, et al. "Specific Blood Cells Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Emerging Field with Great Potential in Clinical Cell Therapy." Stem Cells International 2021 (August 11, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9919422.

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Widely known for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, stem cells can be differentiated into all specialized tissues and cells in the body. In the past few years, a number of researchers have focused on deriving hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as alternative sources for clinic. Existing findings demonstrated that it is feasible to obtain HSCs and certain mature blood lineages from PSCs, except for several issues to be addressed. This short review outlines the technologies used for hematopoietic differentiation in recent years. In addition, the therap

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Salerno, Debora, and Alessandro Rosa. "Identification of Molecular Signatures in Neural Differentiation and Neurological Diseases Using Digital Color-Coded Molecular Barcoding." Stem Cells International 2020 (September 12, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852313.

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Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, represent powerful tools for disease modeling and for therapeutic applications. PSCs are particularly useful for the study of development and diseases of the nervous system. However, generating in vitro models that recapitulate the architecture and the full variety of subtypes of cells that make the complexity of our brain remains a challenge. In order to fully exploit the potential of PSCs, advanced methods that facilitate the identification of molecular signatures in neural differentiation

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Ding, Jianyi, Yongqin Li, and Andre Larochelle. "De Novo Generation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cellular Therapy." Cells 12, no. 2 (2023): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12020321.

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The ability to manufacture human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory holds enormous promise for cellular therapy of human blood diseases. Several differentiation protocols have been developed to facilitate the emergence of HSCs from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Most approaches employ a stepwise addition of cytokines and morphogens to recapitulate the natural developmental process. However, these protocols globally lack clinical relevance and uniformly induce PSCs to produce hematopoietic progenitors with embryonic features and limited engraftment and differentiation capab

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Guo, Rongqun, Fangxiao Hu, Qitong Weng, et al. "Guiding T lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells by defined transcription factors." Cell Research 30, no. 1 (2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-019-0251-7.

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AbstractAchievement of immunocompetent and therapeutic T lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a central aim in T cell regenerative medicine. To date, preferentially reconstituting T lymphopoiesis in vivo from PSCs remains a practical challenge. Here we documented that synergistic and transient expression of Runx1 and Hoxa9 restricted in the time window of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and hematopoietic maturation stages in a PSC differentiation scheme (iR9-PSC) in vitro induced preferential generation of engraftable hematopoietic progenitors capable of homing to thymus

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Dogan, Fatma, Rakad M. Kh Aljumaily, Mark Kitchen, and Nicholas R. Forsyth. "Physoxia Influences Global and Gene-Specific Methylation in Pluripotent Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (2022): 5854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105854.

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Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) possess unlimited proliferation, self-renewal, and a differentiation capacity spanning all germ layers. Appropriate culture conditions are important for the maintenance of self-renewal, pluripotency, proliferation, differentiation, and epigenetic states. Oxygen concentrations vary across different human tissues depending on precise cell location and proximity to vascularisation. The bulk of PSC culture-based research is performed in a physiologically hyperoxic, air oxygen (21% O2) environment, with numerous reports now detailing the impact of a physiologic normoxia

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Xia, Kaishun, Zhe Gong, Jian Zhu, et al. "Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells into Nucleus Pulposus Progenitor Cells for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration." Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 14, no. 1 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x13666180918095121.

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Low back pain (LBP) is one of the world’s most common musculoskeletal diseases and is frequently associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). While the main cause of IDD is commonly attributed to a reduced number of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, current treatment strategies (both surgical and more conservative) fail to replenish NP cells or reverse the pathology. Cell replacement therapies are an attractive alternative for treating IDD. However, injecting intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, chondrocytes, or mesenchymal stem cells into various animal models of IDD indicate that transplan

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Lee, Brian, Breanna S. Borys, Michael S. Kallos, Carlos A. V. Rodrigues, Teresa P. Silva, and Joaquim M. S. Cabral. "Challenges and Solutions for Commercial Scale Manufacturing of Allogeneic Pluripotent Stem Cell Products." Bioengineering 7, no. 2 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7020031.

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Allogeneic cell therapy products, such as therapeutic cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), have amazing potential to treat a wide variety of diseases and vast numbers of patients globally. However, there are various challenges related to the manufacturing of PSCs in large enough quantities to meet commercial needs. This manuscript addresses the challenges for the process development of PSCs production in a bioreactor, and also presents a scalable bioreactor technology that can be a possible solution to remove the bottleneck for the large-scale manufacturing of high-quality therape

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Chen, Fuquan, Jiaojiao Ji, Jian Shen, and Xinyi Lu. "When Long Noncoding RNAs Meet Genome Editing in Pluripotent Stem Cells." Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3250624.

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Most of the human genome can be transcribed into RNAs, but only a minority of these regions produce protein-coding mRNAs whereas the remaining regions are transcribed into noncoding RNAs. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were known for their influential regulatory roles in multiple biological processes such as imprinting, dosage compensation, transcriptional regulation, and splicing. The physiological functions of protein-coding genes have been extensively characterized through genome editing in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in the past 30 years; however, the study of lncRNAs with genome editing

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Bourhill, Tarryn, Leili Rohani, Mehul Kumar, Pinaki Bose, Derrick Rancourt, and Randal N. Johnston. "Modulation of Reoviral Cytolysis (II): Cellular Stemness." Viruses 15, no. 7 (2023): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15071473.

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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging cancer therapeutic that are intended to act by selectively targeting and lysing cancerous cells and by stimulating anti-tumour immune responses, while leaving normal cells mainly unaffected. Reovirus is a well-studied OV that is undergoing advanced clinical trials and has received FDA approval in selected circumstances. However, the mechanisms governing reoviral selectivity are not well characterised despite many years of effort, including those in our accompanying paper where we characterize pathways that do not consistently modulate reoviral cytolysis.

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Easley, Charles A., Calvin R. Simerly, and Gerald Schatten. "Gamete derivation from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells or somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryonic stem cells: state of the art." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd14317.

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Generating gametes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has many scientific justifications and several biomedical rationales. Here, we consider several strategies for deriving gametes from PSCs from mice and primates (human and non-human) and their anticipated strengths, challenges and limitations. Although the ‘Weismann barrier’, which separates the mortal somatic cell lineages from the potentially immortal germline, has long existed, breakthroughs first in mice and now in humans are artificially creating germ cells from somatic cells. Spermatozoa with full reproductive viability establishing m

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