Journal articles: 'Pluvial lakes'

1

Reheis, Marith. "Highest Pluvial-Lake Shorelines and Pleistocene Climate of the Western Great Basin." Quaternary Research 52, no. 2 (September 1999): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2064.

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Shoreline altitudes of several pluvial lakes in the western Great Basin of North America record successively smaller lakes from the early to the late Pleistocene. This decrease in lake size indicates a long-term drying trend in the regional climate that is not seen in global marine oxygen-isotope records. At +70 m above its late Pleistocene shoreline, Lake Lahontan in the early middle Pleistocene submerged some basins previously thought to have been isolated. Other basins known to contain records of older pluvial lakes that exceeded late Pleistocene levels include Columbus-Fish Lake (Lake Columbus-Rennie), Kobeh-Diamond (Lakes Jonathan and Diamond), Newark, Long (Lake Hubbs), and Clover. Very high stands of some of these lakes probably triggered overflows of previously internally drained basins, adding to the size of Lake Lahontan. Simple calculations based on differences in lake area suggest that the highest levels of these pluvial lakes required a regional increase in effective moisture by a factor of 1.2 to 3 relative to late Pleistocene pluvial amounts (assuming that effective moisture is directly proportional to the hydrologic index, or lake area/tributary basin area). These previously unknown lake levels reflect significant changes in climate, tectonics, and (or) drainage-basin configurations, and could have facilitated migration of aquatic species in the Great Basin.

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Waters, Michael R. "Late Quaternary Lacustrine History and Paleoclimatic Significance of Pluvial Lake Cochise, Southeastern Arizona." Quaternary Research 32, no. 1 (July 1989): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90027-6.

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AbstractDuring the latest Quaternary, freshwater pluvial lakes intermittently formed in the topographically closed Willcox basin, Arizona. A lacustrine sequence of six separate high stands of Lake Cochise is documented by stratigraphic studies, 19 radiocarbon ages, and supplementary evidence. Two stands of pluvial Lake Cochise, older than 14,000 yr B.P., reached elevations above 1290 m. The prominent 1274-m shoreline of Lake Cochise, which circumscribes the basin, was largely created during a high stand between 13,750 and 13,400 yr B.P. During the Holocene, water filled the Willcox basin three times to an elevation slightly below the crest of the 1274-m shoreline. This occurred once during the early Holocene around or before 8900 yr B.P. and twice during the later part of the middle Holocene. Since the middle Holocene, only shallow ephemeral lakes have occupied the deflated central portion of ancient Lake Cochise, a depression known as the Willcox Playa. The lacustrine sequence of Lake Cochise provides an independent evaluation of late Quaternary paleoclimatic reconstructions for southern Arizona and the American Southwest.

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Orme, Antony R. "Pleistocene pluvial lakes of the American West: a short history of research." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 301, no. 1 (2008): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp301.4.

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4

Forman, Steven L., Richard P. Smith, William R. Hackett, Julie A. Tullis, and Paul A. McDaniel. "Timing of Late Quaternary Glaciations in the Western United States Based on the Age of Loess on the Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho." Quaternary Research 40, no. 1 (July 1993): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1053.

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AbstractThe most viable sources for ubiquitous loess deposits on the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho are aggraded river valleys, active alluvial fans, and fluctuating pluvial lake margins associated with regional late Pleistocene glaciation of the northern Rocky Mountains. Stratigraphic studies on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory document two distinct loess deposits, separated by a well-developed paleosol, resting on basaltic lava. Baked sediments beneath this lava yielded thermoluminescence (TL) age estimates of 108,000 ± 13,000 and 101,000 ± 7000 yr, and baked organic matter gave radiocarbon ages of >32,000 yr B.P., consistent with an earlier K/Ar age for the flow of 95,000 ± 25,000 yr. The overlying two loess deposits yielded TL age estimates of 74,000 ± 6000 and 28,000 ± 3000 yr. The available geochronology indicates that the latest period of loess deposition commenced ca. 40,000 to 35,000 yr ago and ceased approximately 10,000 yr ago, which is generally coincident with the inferred timing of regional Pinedale glaciation and pluvial lake expansion. We estimate that the penultimate loess depositional episode dates between 80,000 and 60,000 yr ago, which is significantly younger than previous age estimates of 140,000 to 150,000 yr based on stratigraphic position. We speculate that this period of loess deposition may correlate with documented early to middle Wisconsinan glaciation and a high stand of pluvial lakes in the Basin and Range province.

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Chernova, Elena N., Vladimir M. Shulkin, Eugenia V. Lysenko, Tatiana N. Lutsenko, and Anna G. Boldeskul. "Hydrochemical and biogeochemical features of freshwater and brackish lakes in eastern Sikhote-Alin." Izvestiya TINRO 178, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2014-178-157-172.

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Concentration of major ions and trace metals dissolved and suspended in water and trace metals in plankton of freshwater (Vaskovskoye, Golubichnoye, Yaponskoye) and brackish (Dukhovskoye, Krugloye, Mramornoye, Blagodati) lakes of eastern Sikhote-Alin is determined in July 2011-2012. The Lakes Golubichnoye and Blagodati are included in the Sikhote-Alin State Natural Biosphere Reserve. Anions are detected by the liquid chromatography (Shimadzu LC-10AVP), cations and metals are analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS Shimadzu 6800), and carbon concentration is measured by the method of thermocatalytic oxidation with infrared registration (TOC-VCPN, Shimadzu). The freshwater lakes of eastern Sikhote-Alin are distinguished by heightened concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, and sodium as compared with lakes of East-European Plain, mainly because of aerial transfer of ions from the sea. The ions concentration in brackish lakes is determined by direct penetration of seawater. Difference of the heavy metals concentration between freshwater and brackish lakes is negligible, except the manganese with higher concentration in the freshwater lakes. Lakes with wetlands in their drainage area have high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, iron and manganese, which are depended on water regime. Concentrations of trace metals in the lakes water are low because of its pluvial origin (rainwater transforms slightly in the process of filtration through effusive rocks), with exception of Lake Vaskovskoe located in the area of mining and processing the polymetallic and borosilicate ores, close to the lead smeltery in Rudnaya Pristan stopped in 2009: the lead concentration in the water of this lake is heightened, both in dissolved and suspended forms, though does not exceed the maximal permissible concentration for drinking water. Accumulation of metals by plankton is determined mainly by biological need of the plankton in these elements and practically doesn’t depend on their concentration in water.

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Honke, J. S., J. S. Pigati, J. Wilson, J. Bright, H. L. Goldstein, G. L. Skipp, M. C. Reheis, and J. C. Havens. "Late Quaternary paleohydrology of desert wetlands and pluvial lakes in the Soda Lake basin, central Mojave Desert, California (USA)." Quaternary Science Reviews 216 (July 2019): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.021.

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7

Reheis, Marith C., David M. Miller, John P. McGeehin, Joanna R. Redwine, Charles G. Oviatt, and Jordon Bright. "Directly dated MIS 3 Lake-Level Record from Lake Manix, Mojave Desert, California, USA." Quaternary Research 83, no. 1 (January 2015): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.11.003.

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AbstractAn outcrop-based lake-level curve, constrained by ~ 70 calibrated 14C ages on Anodonta shells, indicates at least 8 highstands between 45 and 25 cal ka BP within 10 m of the 543-m upper threshold of Lake Manix in the Mojave Desert of southern California. Correlations of Manix highstands with ice, marine, and speleothem records suggest that at least the youngest three highstands coincide with Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) stadials and Heinrich events 3 and 4. The lake-level record is consistent with results from speleothem studies in the Southwest that indicate cool wet conditions during D–O stadials. Notably, highstands between 43 and 25 ka apparently occurred at times of generally low levels of pluvial lakes farther north as interpreted from core-based proxies. Mojave lakes may have been supported by tropical moisture sources during oxygen-isotope stage 3, perhaps controlled by southerly deflection of Pacific storm tracks due to weakening of the sea-surface temperature gradient in response to North Atlantic climate perturbations.

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8

García, Antonio Francisco, and Martin Stokes. "Late Pleistocene highstand and recession of a small, high-altitude pluvial lake, Jakes Valley, central Great Basin, USA." Quaternary Research 65, no. 1 (January 2006): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.025.

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AbstractModels of factors controlling late Pleistocene pluvial lake-level fluctuations in the Great Basin are evaluated by dating lake levels in Jakes Valley. “Jakes Lake” rose to a highstand at 13,870 ± 50 14C Yr B.P., receded to a stillstand at 12,440 ± 50 14C yr B.P., and receded steadily to desiccation thereafter. The Jakes Lake highstand is roughly coincident with highstands of lakes Bonneville, Lahontan and Russell. The rise to highstand and recession of Jakes Lake were most likely controlled by a storm track steered by the polar jet stream. The final stillstand of Jakes Lake helps constrain timing of northward retreat of the polar jet stream during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition.

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Ibarra, Daniel E., Anne E. Egger, Karrie L. Weaver, Caroline R. Harris, and Kate Maher. "Rise and fall of late Pleistocene pluvial lakes in response to reduced evaporation and precipitation: Evidence from Lake Surprise, California." Geological Society of America Bulletin 126, no. 11-12 (June 2, 2014): 1387–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b31014.1.

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10

Negrini, Robert M., and Jonathan O. Davis. "Dating Late Pleistocene Pluvial Events and Tephras by Correlating Paleomagnetic Secular Variation Records from the Western Great Basin." Quaternary Research 38, no. 1 (July 1992): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90029-i.

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AbstractPaleomagnetic records are used to correlate sedimentary sequences from pluvial Lakes Chewaucan and Russell in the western Great Basin. This correlation is the basis for age control in the relatively poorly dated sequence from Lake Chewaucan. The resulting chronology supports a lack of sedimentation in Lake Chewaucan during the interval 27,400 to 23,200 yr B.P., an assertion supported by the presence of a lag deposit at the corresponding stratigraphic horizon. Because the Lake Chewaucan outcrop (near Summer Lake, Oregon) is near the bottom of the lake basin, we conclude that Lake Chewaucan was at a lowstand during this time interval. The Chewaucan lowstand is coeval with the lowstand accompanying the Wizard's Beach Recession (isotope stage 3) previously seen in the geologic record from nearby pluvial Lake Lahontan. The ages of six tephra layers, including the Trego Hot Springs tephra, were also estimated using the paleomagnetic correlation. Together, the new age of the Trego Hot Springs tephra (21,800 yr B.P.) and the lake surface level prehistory of Lake Chewaucan imply a revised model for the lake surface level prehistory of Lake Lahontan. The revised model includes a longer duration for the Wizard's Beach Recession and the occurrence of a younger lowstand of short duration soon after the lowstand corresponding to the Wizard's Beach Recession.

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11

Reheis, Marith C., Kenneth D. Adams, Charles G. Oviatt, and Steven N. Bacon. "Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States—a view from the outcrop." Quaternary Science Reviews 97 (August 2014): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.012.

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12

Anderson, David G., and J. Christopher Gillam. "Paleoindian Colonization of the Americas: Implications from an Examination of Physiography, Demography, and Artifact Distribution." American Antiquity 65, no. 1 (January 2000): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694807.

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AbstractGIS-based, least-cost analyses employing continental scale elevation data, coupled with information on the late glacial location of ice sheets and pluvial lakes, suggest possible movement corridors used by initial human populations in colonizing the New World. These routes, demographic evidence, and the location of Paleoindian archaeological assemblages, support the possibility of a rapid spread and diversification of founding populations. Initial dispersal, these analyses suggest, would have been most likely in coastal and riverine settings, and on plains. The analyses suggest areas where evidence for early human settlement may be found in North and South America. In some cases, these areas have received little prior archaeological survey. The method can be used to explore patterns of human migration and interaction at a variety of geographic scales.

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13

Rottler, Erwin, Axel Bronstert, Gerd Bürger, and Oldrich Rakovec. "Projected changes in Rhine River flood seasonality under global warming." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 2353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2353-2021.

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Abstract. Climatic change alters the frequency and intensity of natural hazards. In order to assess potential future changes in flood seasonality in the Rhine River basin, we analyse changes in streamflow, snowmelt, precipitation and evapotranspiration at 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 ∘C global warming levels. The mesoscale hydrological model (mHM) forced with an ensemble of climate projection scenarios (five general circulation models under three representative concentration pathways) is used to simulate the present and future climate conditions of both pluvial and nival hydrological regimes. Our results indicate that future changes in flood characteristics in the Rhine River basin are controlled by increases in antecedent precipitation and diminishing snowpacks. In the pluvial-type sub-basin of the Moselle River, an increasing flood potential due to increased antecedent precipitation encounters declining snowpacks during winter. The decrease in snowmelt seems to counterbalance increasing precipitation, resulting in only small and transient changes in streamflow maxima. For the Rhine Basin at Basel, rising temperatures cause changes from solid to liquid precipitation, which enhance the overall increase in precipitation sums, particularly in the cold season. At the gauge at Basel, the strongest increases in streamflow maxima show up during winter, when strong increases in liquid precipitation encounter almost unchanged snowmelt-driven runoff. The analysis of snowmelt events for the gauge at Basel suggests that at no point in time during the snowmelt season does a warming climate result in an increase in the risk of snowmelt-driven flooding. Snowpacks are increasingly depleted with the course of the snowmelt season. We do not find indications of a transient merging of pluvial and nival floods due to climate warming. To refine attained results, next steps need to be the representation of glaciers and lakes in the model set-up, the coupling of simulations to a streamflow component model and an independent validation of the snow routine using satellite-based snow cover maps.

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14

Holmgren, Camille A., M. Cristina Peñalba, Kate Aasen Rylander, and Julio L. Betancourt. "A 16,000 14C yr B.P. packrat midden series from the USA–Mexico Borderlands." Quaternary Research 60, no. 3 (July 2003): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.001.

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AbstractA new packrat midden chronology from Playas Valley, southwestern New Mexico, is the first installment of an ongoing effort to reconstruct paleovegetation and paleoclimate in the U.S.A.–Mexico Borderlands. Playas Valley and neighboring basins supported pluvial lakes during full and/or late glacial times. Plant macrofossil and pollen assemblages from nine middens in the Playas Valley allow comparisons of two time intervals: 16,000–10,000 and 4000–0 14C yr B.P. Vegetation along pluvial lake margins consisted of open pinyon–juniper communities dominated by Pinus edulis, Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus cf. coahuilensis, and a rich understory of C4 annuals and grasses. This summer-flowering understory is also characteristic of modern desert grassland in the Borderlands and indicates at least moderate summer precipitation. P. edulis and J. scopulorum disappeared or were rare in the midden record by 10,670 14C yr B.P. The late Holocene is marked by the arrival of Chihuahuan desert scrub elements and few departures as the vegetation gradually became modern in character. Larrea tridentata appears as late as 2190 14C yr B.P. based on macrofossils, but may have been present as early as 4095 14C yr B.P. based on pollen. Fouquieria splendens, one of the dominant desert species present at the site today, makes its first appearance only in the last millennium. The midden pollen assemblages are difficult to interpret; they lack modern analogs in surface pollen assemblages from stock tanks at different elevations in the Borderlands.

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Knott, Jeffrey R., John C. Tinsley, and Stephen G. Wells. "Are the Benches at Mormon Point, Death Valley, California, USA, Scarps or Strandlines?" Quaternary Research 58, no. 3 (November 2002): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2382.

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AbstractThe benches and risers at Mormon Point, Death Valley, USA, have long been interpreted as strandlines cut by still-stands of pluvial lakes correlative with oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 5e/6 (120,000–186,000 yr B.P.) and OIS-2 (10,000–35,000 yr B.P.). This study presents geologic mapping and geomorphic analyses (Gilbert's criteria, longitudinal profiles), which indicate that only the highest bench at Mormon Point (∼90 m above mean sea level (msl)) is a lake strandline. The other prominent benches on the north-descending slope immediately below this strandline are interpreted as fault scarps offsetting a lacustrine abrasion platform. The faults offsetting the abrasion platform most likely join downward into and slip sympathetically with the Mormon Point turtleback fault, implying late Quaternary slip on this low-angle normal fault. Our geomorphic reinterpretation implies that the OIS-5e/6 lake receded rapidly enough not to cut strandlines and was ∼90 m deep. Consistent with independent core studies of the salt pan, no evidence of OIS-2 lake strandlines was found at Mormon Point, which indicates that the maximum elevation of the OIS-2 lake surface was −30 m msl. Thus, as measured by pluvial lake depth, the OIS-2 effective precipitation was significantly less than during OIS-5e/6, a finding that is more consistent with other studies in the region. The changed geomorphic context indicates that previous surface exposure dates on fault scarps and benches at Mormon Point are uninterpretable with respect to lake history.

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16

Shuman, Bryan N., and Sara A. Burrell. "Centennial to millennial hydroclimatic fluctuations in the humid northeast United States during the Holocene." Quaternary Research 88, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.62.

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AbstractPaleoclimate records indicate that the hydroclimate of the northeast United States changed continuously during the Holocene, but the signals of multi-century variations have been difficult to distinguish from local effects and noise. Systematic replication of the signals can help diagnose the patterns of change. Here, we use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and sediment core analyses to extend and compare the regional network of lake-level records. We reconstruct the histories of two lakes in northeast Pennsylvania, which show that multi-century hydrologic changes observed in coastal New England extended to the Susquehanna River watershed. Correlations with isotopic and marine temperature records (r>0.65) indicate that high temperatures coincided with low water at 4.9–3.8 and 2.8–2.0 ka. Widely recognized Holocene events at ca. 4.2 and 2.7 ka, therefore, may have shared similar ocean-atmosphere dynamics in this region. Low water levels in Pennsylvania from ca. 5.5–4.9 ka, however, demonstrate that other multi-century changes had different patterns. At ca. 5.5 ka, anti-phased inland and coastal hydrologic changes followed a sharp temperature decline and produced drought possibly as far inland as the Great Lakes. The long-term increase in water levels since then underscores that current pluvial conditions in the region probably lack a Holocene precedent.

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17

Starks, Elizabeth, Ryan Cooper, Peter R. Leavitt, and Björn Wissel. "Effects of drought and pluvial periods on fish and zooplankton communities in prairie lakes: systematic and asystematic responses." Global Change Biology 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 1032–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12359.

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18

BACHHUBER, FREDERICK W. "The occurence and paleolimnologic significance of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in pluvial lakes of the Estancia Valley, central New Mexico." Geological Society of America Bulletin 101, no. 12 (December 1989): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1543:toapso>2.3.co;2.

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BEHNKE, ROBERT J., WARREN J. PLATTS, and FREDERICK W. BACHHUBER. "The occurrence and paleolimnologic significance of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in pluvial lakes of the Estancia Valley, central New Mexico: Discussion and reply." Geological Society of America Bulletin 102, no. 12 (December 1990): 1731–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1731:toapso>2.3.co;2.

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20

Catlett, Gentry A., Jason A. Rech, Jeffrey S. Pigati, Mustafa Al Kuisi, Shanying Li, and Jeffrey S. Honke. "Activation of a small ephemeral lake in southern Jordan during the last full glacial period and its paleoclimatic implications." Quaternary Research 88, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.29.

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AbstractPlayas, or ephemeral lakes, are one of the most common depositional environments in arid and semiarid lands worldwide. Playa deposits, however, have mostly been avoided as paleoclimatic archives because they typically contain exceptionally low concentrations of organic material, making14C dating difficult. Here, we describe a technique for concentrating organic matter in sediments for radiocarbon dating and apply it to playa sediments recovered from a 2.35 m sediment core from a small playa in southern Jordan. Based on14C ages of the organic concentrate fraction, the playa was active from ~29 to 21 ka, coincident with the last major high stand of Paleolake Lisan and wet conditions recorded by other paleoclimatic proxies in the southernmost Levant during the last full glacial period (35–20 ka). The timing and spatial pattern of these records suggests that the increased moisture was likely derived from more frequent and deeper eastern Mediterranean (EM) cyclones associated with the intensification of the westerlies. The presence of full glacial pluvial deposits in southern Jordan (29°N), and the lack of similarly aged deposits in the northern Arabian Peninsula to the south, suggests that the southerly limit of the incursion of EM cyclones during last full glacial period was ~28°N.

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Reheis, Marith C., John Caskey, Jordon Bright, James B. Paces, Shannon Mahan, and Elmira Wan. "Pleistocene lakes and paleohydrologic environments of the Tecopa basin, California: Constraints on the drainage integration of the Amargosa River." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 7-8 (November 21, 2019): 1537–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35282.1.

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Abstract The Tecopa basin in eastern California was a terminal basin that episodically held lakes during most of the Quaternary until the basin and its modern stream, the Amargosa River, became tributary to Death Valley. Although long studied for its sedimentology, diagenesis, and paleomagnetism, the basin’s lacustrine and paleoclimate history has not been well understood, and conflicting interpretations exist concerning the relations of Tecopa basin to the Amargosa River and to pluvial Lake Manly in Death Valley. Previous studies also did not recognize basinwide tectonic effects on lake-level history. In this study, we focused on: (1) establishing a chronology of shoreline deposits, as the primary indicator of lake-level history, utilizing well-known ash beds and new uranium-series and luminescence dating; (2) using ostracodes as indicators of water chemistry and water source(s); and (3) correlating lake transgressions to well-preserved fluvial-deltaic sequences. During the early Pleistocene, the Tecopa basin hosted small shallow lakes primarily fed by low-alkalinity water sourced mainly from runoff and (or) a groundwater source chemically unlike the modern springs. The first lake that filled the basin occurred just prior and up to the eruption of the 765 ka Bishop ash during marine isotope stage (MIS) 19; this lake heralded the arrival of the Amargosa River, delivering high-alkalinity water. Two subsequent lake cycles, coeval with MIS 16 (leading up to eruption of 631 ka Lava Creek B ash) and MIS 14 and (or) MIS 12, are marked by prominent accumulations of nearshore and beach deposits. The timing of the youngest of these three lakes, the High lake, is constrained by a uranium-series age of ca. 580 ± 120 ka on tufa-cemented beach gravel and by estimates from sedimentation rates. Highstand deposits of the Lava Creek and High lakes at the north end of the basin are stratigraphically tied to distinct sequences of fluvial-deltaic deposits fed by alkaline waters of the Amargosa River. The High lake reached the highest level achieved in the Tecopa basin, and it may have briefly discharged southward but did not significantly erode its threshold. The High lake was followed by a long hiatus of as much as 300 k.y., during which there is evidence for alluvial, eolian, and groundwater-discharge deposition, but no lakes. We attribute this hiatus, as have others, to blockage of the Amargosa River by an alluvial fan upstream near Eagle Mountain. A final lake, the Terminal lake, formed when the river once again flowed south into Tecopa basin, but it was likely short-lived due to rapid incision of the former threshold south of Tecopa. Deposits of the Terminal lake are inset below, and are locally unconformable on, deposits of the High lake and the nonlacustrine deposits of the hiatus. The Terminal lake reached its highstand at ca. 185 ± 21 ka, as dated by infrared-stimulated luminescence on feldspar in beach sand, a time coincident with perennial lake mud and alkaline-tolerant ostracodes in the Badwater core of Lake Manly during MIS 6. A period of stillstand occurred as the Terminal lake drained when the incising river encountered resistant Stirling Quartzite near the head of present-day Amargosa Canyon. Our studies significantly revise the lacustrine and drainage history of the Tecopa basin, show that the MIS 6 highstand was not the largest lake in the basin as previously published (with implications for potential nuclear waste storage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada), and provide evidence from shoreline elevations for ∼20 m of tectonic uplift in the northern part of the basin across an ENE-trending monoclinal flexure.

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Harvey, Adrian M., Peter E. Wigand, and Stephen G. Wells. "Response of alluvial fan systems to the late Pleistocene to Holocene climatic transition: contrasts between the margins of pluvial Lakes Lahontan and Mojave, Nevada and California, USA." CATENA 36, no. 4 (August 1999): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0341-8162(99)00049-1.

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Pierce, Harold G. "The nonmarine mollusks of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana III. Aquatic mollusks and conclusions." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 6 (November 1993): 980–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025294.

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The aquatic molluscan fauna of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch beds of western Montana includes eight taxa, six of which are new at specific or subspecific level, Sphaerium bakeri, Valvata paula, Planorbula powelli, Biomphalaria haydeni, Lymnaea tumere, and Lymnaea vetusta ambigua. Two are referred to previously known taxa, Viviparus nanus and Lymnaea shumardi. The genera Biomphalaria, Planorbula, and Viviparus no longer occur in western Montana, nor in the Columbia River drainage. Planorbula powelli is the earliest unequivocal Planorbula from North America. Of the 18 supraspecific taxa of this molluscan fauna, eight (44%) are now displaced, all but one to the east and/or south. Climatic interpretations derived from modern habitats of the genera Biomphalaria and Polygyroidea suggest a late Oligocene–early Miocene Mean Annual Temperature of 10°C, with January means not less than 5°C, and July means about 15°C. Environmental analysis suggests a subhumid to subarid shrub and grassland vegetation similar to modern environments with > 50 cm Mean Annual Precipitation, surrounding marshy shallow lakes subject to seasonal desiccation. Effective moisture varied from slightly greater than the present for the late Oligocene to a latest Oligocene pluvial interval followed by subarid conditions for the early Miocene. Geographically, the drainage of this area was into a closed and isolated basin during the late Oligocene–early Miocene. Molluscan assemblages are found to support the tripartite division of the Cabbage Patch beds that has been based on mammals and should be useful in correlation between basins.

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Li, Junxia, Xueping Bai, Yuting Jin, Fangbo Song, Zhenju Chen, Lixin Cai, Fenghua Zou, Mengzhu Jiang, Ruixin Yun, and Zhaoyang Lv. "Recent Intensified Runoff Variability in the Hailar River Basin during the Past Two Centuries." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 2257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0274.1.

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AbstractUsing tree-ring data of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica from the Hulun Buir region in northeast China, 12 annual runoff series of the Hailar River spanning the past 202–216 years were established for the first time; these included 11 branches and one for the entire basin. These reconstructions, which could explain 29.4%–52.7% of the total variance for the measured runoffs during 1956–2006, performed well in statistical verification tests. In the whole basin’s reconstruction of 212 years, 34 extreme drought years (16.0%) and 41 extreme pluvial years (19.3%) were identified; 4 of the 10 most extreme years occurred after 1980. The consistent cycle and correlation revealed that the Hailar runoff had a teleconnection with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The sharply increasing variance at the end of the reconstruction, accompanied by the increasing intensity of short cycles (4–8 years), indicated that runoff variability in the Hailar River basin has enhanced in the late twentieth century. This is verified by the drastic fluctuations in water level and area of rivers and lakes, and the frequent shift of natural land cover types in the Hulun Buir area in recent decades. The intensified runoff variability can be connected with the concurrently enhanced ENSO activity. Our study is the first to identify the intensification of recent runoff variability in the semiarid to arid region in northeast China from a long-term perspective. With projected enhancement of ENSO activity, the Hailar River basin will face the increased risk of extreme hydrological events.

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Shuman, Bryan N., Cody Routson, Nicholas McKay, Sherilyn Fritz, Darrell Kaufman, Matthew E. Kirby, Connor Nolan, Gregory T. Pederson, and Jeannine-Marie St-Jacques. "Placing the Common Era in a Holocene context: millennial to centennial patterns and trends in the hydroclimate of North America over the past 2000 years." Climate of the Past 14, no. 5 (May 28, 2018): 665–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-665-2018.

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Abstract. A synthesis of 93 hydrologic records from across North and Central America, and adjacent tropical and Arctic islands, reveals centennial to millennial trends in the regional hydroclimates of the Common Era (CE; past 2000 years). The hydrological records derive from materials stored in lakes, bogs, caves, and ice from extant glaciers, which have the continuity through time to preserve low-frequency ( > 100 year) climate signals that may extend deeper into the Holocene. The most common pattern, represented in 46 (49 %) of the records, indicates that the centuries before 1000 CE were drier than the centuries since that time. Principal component analysis indicates that millennial-scale trends represent the dominant pattern of variance in the southwestern US, northeastern US, mid-continent, Pacific Northwest, Arctic, and tropics, although not all records within a region show the same direction of change. The Pacific Northwest and the southernmost tier of the tropical sites tended to dry toward present, as many other areas became wetter than before. In 22 records (24 %), the Medieval Climate Anomaly period (800–1300 CE) was drier than the Little Ice Age (1400–1900 CE), but in many cases the difference was part of the longer millennial-scale trend, and, in 25 records (27 %), the Medieval Climate Anomaly period represented a pluvial (wet) phase. Where quantitative records permitted a comparison, we found that centennial-scale fluctuations over the Common Era represented changes of 3–7 % in the modern interannual range of variability in precipitation, but the accumulation of these long-term trends over the entirety of the Holocene caused recent centuries to be significantly wetter, on average, than most of the past 11 000 years.

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Machado, Roriz Luciano, Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho, Janaina Ribeiro Costa, Dionízio Honório de Oliveira Neto, and Marinaldo Ferreira Pinto. "Análise da erosividade das chuvas associada aos padrões de precipitação pluvial na região de Ribeirão das Lajes (RJ)." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 32, no. 5 (October 2008): 2113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832008000500032.

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As características físicas das chuvas determinam sua erosividade, que constitui importante fator nas relações de causa e efeito do processo erosivo dos solos, sendo sua caracterização fundamental para o planejamento conservacionista. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a distribuição dos atributos das chuvas (altura precipitada, duração, energia cinética, intensidade máxima em 30 min) e índices de erosividade (EI30 e KE > 25) em relação aos meses do ano e padrões de precipitação pluvial, para uma série de dados pluviográficos referentes à região de Ribeirão das Lajes (RJ). Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial do tipo 12 (meses) x 3 (padrões), e também, por meio da análise multivariada de componentes principais (ACP). Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível constatar que: o EI30 anual de 6.772,04 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 está concentrado de novembro a março, representando 81,3 % do total. De acordo com a técnica de ACP, as características das chuvas e índices de erosividade que estiveram mais correlacionadas com os meses e padrões de precipitação pluvial, foram: energia cinética, EI30, KE > 25, altura precipitada e I30. Os padrões de precipitação pluvial avançado e atrasado predominam na época mais chuvosa e na mais seca, respectivamente; e a ACP permitiu separar de forma adequada as características das chuvas e erosividade ao longo do ano e padrões de precipitação pluvial para Ribeirão das Lajes.

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27

Garcia, Anna L., Jeffrey R. Knott, Shannon A. Mahan, and Jordon Bright. "Geochronology and paleoenvironment of pluvial Harper Lake, Mojave Desert, California, USA." Quaternary Research 81, no. 2 (March 2014): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.10.008.

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AbstractAccurate reconstruction of the paleo-Mojave River and pluvial lake (Harper, Manix, Cronese, and Mojave) system of southern California is critical to understanding paleoclimate and the North American polar jet stream position over the last 500 ka. Previous studies inferred a polar jet stream south of 35°N at 18 ka and at ~ 40°N at 17–14 ka. Highstand sediments of Harper Lake, the upstream-most pluvial lake along the Mojave River, have yielded uncalibrated radiocarbon ages ranging from 24,000 to > 30,000 14C yr BP. Based on geologic mapping, radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating, we infer a ~ 45–40 ka age for the Harper Lake highstand sediments. Combining the Harper Lake highstand with other Great Basin pluvial lake/spring and marine climate records, we infer that the North American polar jet stream was south of 35°N about 45–40 ka, but shifted to 40°N by ~ 35 ka. Ostracodes (Limnocythere ceriotuberosa) from Harper Lake highstand sediments are consistent with an alkaline lake environment that received seasonal inflow from the Mojave River, thus confirming the lake was fed by the Mojave River. The ~ 45–40 ka highstand at Harper Lake coincides with a shallowing interval at downstream Lake Manix.

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Davis, Loren G. "Geoarchaeology and geochronology of pluvial Lake Chapala, Baja California, Mexico." Geoarchaeology 18, no. 2 (January 17, 2003): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.10058.

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Munroe, J. S., and B. J. C. Laabs. "Latest Pleistocene history of pluvial Lake Franklin, northeastern Nevada, USA." Geological Society of America Bulletin 125, no. 3-4 (January 29, 2013): 322–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b30696.1.

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30

Martins Bacovis, Tiago, and André Nagalli. "AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO HIDROLÓGICO DE PROTÓTIPO DE TELHADO VERDE EXTENSIVO Evaluation of hydrological performance of a green roof extensive prototype." Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal 11 (October 21, 2013): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/academica.10.s01.ao04.

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As inundações, consequência da ocupação do solo inadequado e de sua impermeabilização excessiva, se tornaram constantes na vida da população urbana. O processo de expansão das cidades, sem qualquer tipo de gestão ambiental, tornaram os ambientes vulneráveis a alagamentos em eventos pluviais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho hidrológico de telhados verdes em comparação às coberturas convencionalmente usadas (telhas de fibrocimento, de cerâmica, aço galvanizado e lajes impermeáveis) perante eventos de chuva, a partir da realização de um experimento em escala reduzida. Foram construídos e investigados dois protótipos de mesmas dimensões, 2,2 m x 1,1 m, sendo um de telhado verde e o outro representando um telhado impermeável qualquer. Os protótipos foram submetidos a testes hidrológicos, simulações de chuva de 43,6 mm com tempo de duração de 16min, de forma a permitir verificar a eficiência do protótipo de telhado verde na atenuação dos picos de seu hidrograma perante três situações iniciais distintas de saturação do sistema. Foi avaliado o desempenho hidrológico, no âmbito do escoamento superficial e infiltração, avaliando-se e discutindo-se o funcionamento de cada protótipo. Os resultados demonstraram que a capacidade de retenção de água pluvial do telhado verde varia em função da condição de saturação do mesmo, com evidente antecipação do pico de cheia, de modo que se pode concluir que telhados verdes podem vir a contribuir para a atenuação de enchentes.

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31

Spaulding, W. Geoffrey, Douglas B. Sims, and Korey T. Harvey. "Lake Ivanpah: An overlooked pluvial lake in the southern Great Basin, U. S. A." Quaternary Science Reviews 254 (February 2021): 106792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106792.

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32

Knott, Jeffrey R., Joanna M. Fantozzi, Kelly M. Ferguson, Summer E. Keller, Khadija Nadimi, Carolyn A. Rath, Jennifer M. Tarnowski, and Michelle L. Vitale. "Paleowind velocity and paleocurrents of pluvial Lake Manly, Death Valley, USA." Quaternary Research 78, no. 2 (July 24, 2012): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.06.007.

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AbstractPluvial lake deposits are found throughout western North America and are frequently used to reconstruct regional paleoclimate. In Death Valley, California, USA, we apply the beach particle technique (BPT) of Adams (2003), Sedimentology, 50, 565–577 and Adams (2004), Sedimentology, 51, 671–673 to Lake Manly deposits at the Beatty Junction Bar Complex (BJBC), Desolation Canyon, and Manly Terraces and calculate paleowind velocities of 14–27 m/s. These wind velocities are within the range of present-day wind velocities recorded in the surrounding area. Sedimentary structures and clast provenance at Desolation Canyon and the Manly Terraces indicate sediment transport from north to south. Lake level, based on the elevation of constructional features, indicates that the hill west of the BJBC was an island and that the BJBC spits formed during simple lake regression. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the present wind regime (velocity and direction) formed the pluvial Lake Manly features.

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33

Licciardi, Joseph M. "Chronology of latest Pleistocene lake-level fluctuations in the pluvial Lake Chewaucan basin, Oregon, USA." Journal of Quaternary Science 16, no. 6 (2001): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.619.

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34

REHEIS, MARITH C., JANET L. SLATE, ANDREI M. SARNA-WOJCICKI, and CHARLES E. MEYER. "A late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene pluvial lake in Fish Lake Valley, Nevada and California." Geological Society of America Bulletin 105, no. 7 (July 1993): 953–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0953:alptmp>2.3.co;2.

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35

Lin, Jo C., Wallace S. Broecker, Sidney R. Hemming, Irena Hajdas, Robert F. Anderson, George I. Smith, Maxwell Kelley, and Georges Bonani. "A Reassessment of U-Th and14C Ages for Late-Glacial High-Frequency Hydrological Events at Searles Lake, California." Quaternary Research 49, no. 1 (January 1998): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1949.

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U-Th isochron ages of tufas formed on shorelines suggest that the last pluvial event in Lake Lahontan and Searles Lake was synchronous at about 16,500 cal yr B.P. (equivalent to a radiocarbon age of between 14,000 and 13,500 yr B.P.), whereas the timing of this pluvial event determined by radiocarbon dating is on the order of 1000 yr younger. The timing of seven distinct periods of near desiccation in Searles Lake during late-glacial time has been reinvestigated for U-Th age determination by mass spectrometry. U-Th dating of evaporite layers in the interbedded mud and salt unit called the Lower Salt in Searles Lake was hampered by the uncertainty in assessing the initial 230Th/232Th of the samples. The resulting ages, corrected by a conservative range of initial 230Th/232Th ratios, suggest close correlation of the abrupt changes recorded in Greenland ice cores (Dansgaard-Oeschger events) and wet–dry conditions in Searles Lake between 35,000 and 24,000 cal yr B.P.

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36

Carter, Deron T., Lisa L. Ely, Jim E. O'Connor, and Cassandra R. Fenton. "Late Pleistocene outburst flooding from pluvial Lake Alvord into the Owyhee River, Oregon." Geomorphology 75, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 346–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.023.

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37

Davis, Jonathan O. "Correlation of Late Quaternary Tephra Layers in a Long Pluvial Sequence near Summer Lake, Oregon." Quaternary Research 23, no. 1 (January 1985): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90070-5.

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Near Summer Lake in southern Oregon, 54 tephra beds of late Quaternary age are exposed in pluvial lake sediments of Lake Chewaucan. Seven of the tephra beds near the top can be correlated with tephra deposits younger than 117,000 yr at Mount St. Helens, Washington, at Crater Lake, Oregon, and in northwestern Nevada in the deposits of pluvial Lake Lahontan. However, most of the section at Summer Lake lies below the correlated units, and contains 39 tephra beds older than 117,000 yr.Major-element chemistry of tephra glasses was determined by electron microprobe analysis; petrography supports the correlations made from chemical evidence. Compositions correlated range from 70 to 76% SiO2; the least silicic Summer Lake glass contained 57%.Extrapolation of depositional rate suggests that most of the sediments at Summer Lake are younger than about 335,000 yr, but older lake beds containing tephra layers occur at one place. The long lacustrine record suggests that Lake Chewaucan persisted through the last interpluvial stage, and that the lake may have dried up at the end of the Pleistocene due to diversion of the Chewaucan River by relict shore features.

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38

Craig, Mitchell S., Harry M. Jol, Lora Teitler, and Detlef A. Warnke. "Geophysical surveys of a pluvial lake barrier deposit, Beatty Junction, Death Valley, California, USA." Sedimentary Geology 269-270 (August 2012): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.05.016.

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39

Flaim, Giovanna, Ami Nishri, Federica Camin, Stefano Corradini, and Ulrike Obertegger. "Shift from nival to pluvial recharge of an aquifer-fed lake increases water temperature." Inland Waters 9, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2019.1582958.

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40

Caskey, S. John, and Alan R. Ramelli. "Tectonic displacement and far-field isostatic flexure of pluvial lake shorelines, Dixie Valley, Nevada." Journal of Geodynamics 38, no. 2 (September 2004): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2004.06.001.

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41

Munroe, Jeffrey S., and Benjamin J. C. Laabs. "Temporal correspondence between pluvial lake highstands in the southwestern US and Heinrich Event 1." Journal of Quaternary Science 28, no. 1 (September 28, 2012): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2586.

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42

Nelson, Stephen T., Haraldur R. Karlsson, James B. Paces, David G. Tingey, Stephen Ward, and Mark T. Peters. "Paleohydrologic record of spring deposits in and around Pleistocene pluvial Lake Tecopa, southeastern California." Geological Society of America Bulletin 113, no. 5 (2001): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0659:prosdi>2.0.co;2.

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43

Kieniewicz, Johanna M., and Jennifer R. Smith. "Paleoenvironmental reconstruction and water balance of a mid-Pleistocene pluvial lake, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt." GSA Bulletin 121, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2009): 1154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b26301.1.

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44

Munroe, Jeffrey S. "Ground Penetrating Radar Investigation of Late Pleistocene Shorelines of Pluvial Lake Clover, Elko County, Nevada, USA." Quaternary 3, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat3010009.

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Beach ridges constructed by pluvial Lake Clover in Elko County, Nevada during the Late Pleistocene were investigated with ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The primary objective was to document the internal architecture of these shorelines and to evaluate whether they were constructed during lake rise or fall. GPR data were collected with a ground-coupled 400-Mhz antenna and SIR-3000 controller. To constrain the morphology of the ridges, detailed topographic surveys were collected with a Topcon GTS-235W total station referenced to a second class 0 vertical survey point. GPR transects crossed the beach ridge built by Lake Clover at its highstand of 1725 m, along with seven other ridges down to the lowest beach at 1712 m. An average dielectric permittivity of 5.0, typical for dry sand and gravel, was calculated from GPR surveys in the vicinity of hand-excavations that encountered prominent stratigraphic discontinuities at known depths. Assuming this value, consistent radar signals were returned to a depth of ~3 m. Beach ridges are resolvable as ~90 to 150-cm thick stratified packages of gravelly sand overlying a prominent lakeward-dipping reflector, interpreted as the pre-lake land surface. Many ridges contain a package of sediment resembling a buried berm at their core, typically offset in a landward direction from the geomorphic crest of the beach ridge. Sequences of lakeward-dipping reflectors are resolvable beneath the beach face of all ridges. No evidence was observed to indicate that beach ridges were submerged by higher water levels after their formation. Instead, the GPR data are consistent with a model of sequential ridge formation during a monotonic lake regression.

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45

Todd, Claire. "Effect of pluvial lake changes on regional climate sensitivity and glacial mass balance in central Utah." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1687.

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46

Bacon, Steven N., Nicholas Lancaster, Scott Stine, Edward J. Rhodes, and Grace A. McCarley Holder. "A continuous 4000-year lake-level record of Owens Lake, south-central Sierra Nevada, California, USA." Quaternary Research 90, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 276–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.50.

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AbstractReconstruction of lake-level fluctuations from landform and outcrop evidence typically involves characterizing periods with relative high stands. We developed a new approach to provide water-level estimates in the absence of shoreline evidence for Owens Lake in eastern California by integrating landform, outcrop, and existing lake-core data with wind-wave and sediment entrainment modeling of lake-core sedimentology. We also refined the late Holocene lake-level history of Owens Lake by dating four previously undated shoreline features above the water level (1096.4 m) in AD 1872. The new ages coincide with wetter and cooler climate during the Neopluvial (~3.6 ka), Medieval Pluvial (~0.8 ka), and Little Ice Age (~0.35 ka). Dates from stumps below 1096 m also indicate two periods of low stands at ~0.89 and 0.67 ka during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. The timing of modeled water levels associated with 22 mud and sand units in lake cores agree well with shoreline records of Owens Lake and nearby Mono Lake, as well as with proxy evidence for relatively wet and dry periods from tree-ring and glacial records within the watershed. Our integrated analysis provides a continuous 4000-yr lake-level record showing the timing, duration, and magnitude of hydroclimate variability along the south-central Sierra Nevada.

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47

Anderson, Roger Y., Bruce D. Allen, and Kirsten M. Menking. "Geomorphic Expression of Abrupt Climate Change in Southwestern North America at the Glacial Termination." Quaternary Research 57, no. 3 (May 2002): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2323.

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AbstractEolian and subaqueous landforms composed of gypsum sand provide geomorphic evidence for a wet episode at the termination of glacial climate in southwestern North America. Drying of pluvial Lake Estancia, central New Mexico, occurred after ca. 12,000 14C yr B.P. Thereafter, eolian landforms on the old lake floor, constructed of gypsum sand, were overridden by rising lake water, modified by subaqueous processes, and organized into beach ridges along the lake's eastern shore. Preservation of preexisting eolian landforms in the shallow lake suggests abupt changes in lake level and climate. Available radiocarbon ages suggest that the final highstand recorded by beach ridges may have developed during the Younger Dryas (YD) stade. The beach ridges provide information about lake surface area, which was 45% of the lake area reached during the maximum highstands of the late Pleistocene. A similar proportional response has been reported for YD climate changes outside the North Atlantic region.

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48

Menking, Kirsten M., Roger Y. Anderson, Nabil G. Shafike, Kamran H. Syed, and Bruce D. Allen. "Wetter or colder during the Last Glacial Maximum? Revisiting the pluvial lake question in southwestern North America." Quaternary Research 62, no. 3 (November 2004): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.07.005.

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Well-preserved shorelines in Estancia basin and a relatively simple hydrologic setting have prompted several inquiries into the basin's hydrologic balance for the purpose of estimating regional precipitation during the late Pleistocene. Estimates have ranged from 86% to 150% of modern, the disparity largely the result of assumptions about past temperatures. In this study, we use an array of models for surface-water runoff, groundwater flow, and lake energy balance to examine previously proposed scenarios for late Pleistocene climate. Constraints imposed by geologic evidence of past lake levels indicate that precipitation for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) may have doubled relative to modern values during brief episodes of colder and wetter climate and that annual runoff was as much as 15% of annual precipitation during these episodes.

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Munroe, Jeffrey, Caleb Walcott, William Amidon, and Joshua Landis. "A Top-to-Bottom Luminescence-Based Chronology for the Post-LGM Regression of a Great Basin Pluvial Lake." Quaternary 3, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat3020011.

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We applied luminescence dating to a suite of shorelines constructed by pluvial Lake Clover in northeastern Nevada, USA during the last glacial cycle. At its maximum extent, the lake covered 740 km2 with a mean depth of 16 m and a water volume of 13 km3. In the north-central sector of the lake basin, 10 obvious beach ridges extend from the highstand to the lowest shoreline over a horizontal distance of ~1.5 km, representing a lake area decrease of 35%. These ridges are primarily composed of sandy gravel and rise ~1.0 m above the alluvial fan surface on which they are superposed. Single grain luminescence dating of K-feldspar using the pIRIR SAR (post-infrared infrared single-aliquot regenerative dose) protocol, corroborated by SAR dating of quartz, indicates that the highstand shoreline was constructed ca. 16–17 ka during Heinrich Stadial I (Greenland Stadial 2, GS-2), matching 14C age control for this shoreline elsewhere in the basin. The lake regressed rapidly during the Bølling/Allerød (GI-1), before the rate of regression slowed during the Younger Dryas interval (GS-1). The lowest shoreline was constructed ca. 10 ka. Persistence of Lake Clover into the early Holocene may reflect enhanced monsoonal precipitation driven by the summer insolation maximum.

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Liddicoat, Joseph C., and Robert S. Coe. "Paleomagnetic Investigation of Lake Lahontan Sediments and Its Application for Dating Pluvial Events in the Northwestern Great Basin." Quaternary Research 47, no. 1 (January 1997): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.1867.

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AbstractA comparison of paleomagnetic secular variation in sediment of Pleistocene Lake Lahontan in the northwestern Great Basin with secular variation in lake sediment in the Mono Basin, California, indicates that Lake Lahontan was in the valley of the Truckee River between Pyramid Lake and Wadsworth, Nevada, from about 19,000 to 13,000 yr B.P. The secular variation in older Lake Lahontan sediment in the Truckee River valley has the general features of secular variation in middle Pleistocene lacustrine sediments near Rye Patch Dam, Nevada, 125 km to the east. On the basis of field mapping and tephrochronology, the sections of older lacustrine sediments are not coeval. The apparent, but erroneous, correlation of those sediments emphasizes the need for multiple dating methods when paleomagnetic secular variation is used to date stratigraphy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pluvial lakes'

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