Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PLUVIOMÈTRES'
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Dilmi, Mohamed Djallel. "Méthodes de classification des séries temporelles : application à un réseau de pluviomètres." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS087.pdf.
Full textThe impact of climat change on the temporal evolution of precipitation as well as the impact of the Parisian heat island on the spatial distribution of précipitation motivate studying the varaibility of the water cycle on a small scale on île-de-france. one way to analyse this varaibility using the data from a rain gauge network is to perform a clustring on time series measured by this network. In this thesis, we have explored two approaches for time series clustring : for the first approach based on the description of series by characteristics, an algorithm for selecting characteristics based on genetic algorithms and topological maps has been proposed. for the second approach based on shape comparaison, a measure of dissimilarity (iterative downscaling time warping) was developed to compare two rainfall time series. Then the limits of the two approaches were discuddes followed by a proposition of a mixed approach that combine the advantages of each approach. The approach was first applied to the evaluation of spatial variability of precipitation on île-de-france. For the evaluation of the temporal variability of the precpitation, a clustring on the precipitation events observed by a station was carried out then extended on the whole rain gauge network. The application on the historical series of Paris-Montsouris (1873-2015) makes it possible to automatically discriminate "remarkable" years from a meteorological point of view
Messaoud, Mohamed. "Hydrologie aux fines échelles de temps et d'espace à partir des données de pluviomètres et d'un radar météorologique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21169.
Full textKirstetter, Pierre-Emanuel. "Estimation quantitative des précipitations par radar météorologique : inférence de la structure verticale des pluies, modélisation des erreurs radar-pluviomètres." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10121.
Full textThe cévennes-vivarais mediterranean hydrometeorological observatory is a research initiative aimed at improving the rainfall observation. A number of innovative quantitative precipitation estimation (qpe) algorithms aimed at a space-time adaptive radar data processing were developed using the dataset of the bollène 2002 experiment. The last involved the operational weather radar of bollène, which is part of the aramis network. Our contribution in the present thesis deals with the vertical heterogeneity of rainfall. We consider the vertical profile of reflectivity inversion method proposed by andrieu et creutin (1995). It is adapted to the case of time-varying geographical supports designed with preliminary rain typing. Characterizing the error structure of radar quantitative precipitation estimates is recognized as a major issue. We assess the radar qpe with respect to reference rain estimates derived from rain gauge networks. A geostatistical framework is proposed for the establishment of such reference estimates. Assuming the residual between radar and reference value to be a random variable, we describe radar error by mean of probability distributions. The model consists in an additive random error, described by a random distribution. Some elements of space-time error structure are given. A new approach to determine the vertical profile of reflectivity (vpr) is proposed. It is based on a simplified microphysics in synergy with radar observations to simulate the vpr. A vpr is described with a reduced number of physical parameters. The new identified vprs are thus less refined but more valid and robust than the initial method
Chamsi, Nizar. "Estimation des précipitations à partir de la réflectivité radar dans les systèmes convectifs tropicaux." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30134.
Full textNeppel, Luc. "Le risque pluvial en région Languedoc-Roussillon : caractérisation de l'aléa climatique." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20144.
Full textLegorgeu, Carole. "Amélioration des estimations quantitatives des précipitations à hautes résolutions : comparaison de deux techniques combinant les observations et application à la vérification spatiale des modèles météorologiques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872131.
Full textThauvin, Valérie. "Etude de la répartition spatiale des précipitations en milieu sahélien à l'aide du réseau dense de pluviographes de l'expérience EPSAT-Niger : application à la détermination de la précision des moyennes surfaciques au pas de temps de l'évènement pluvieux." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20220.
Full textNavas, Nunez Rafael. "Modélisation hydrologique distribuée des crues en région Cévennes-Vivarais : impact des incertitudes liées à l'estimation des précipitations et à la paramétrisation du modèle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU025/document.
Full textIt is known that having a precipitation observation system at high space - time resolution is crucial to obtain good results in rainfall - runoff modeling. Radar is a tool that offers quantitative precipitation estimates with very good resolution. When it is merged with a rain gauge network the advantages of both systems are achieved. However, radars estimates have different uncertainties than those obtained with the rain gauge. In the modeling process, uncertainty of precipitation interacts with uncertainty of the hydrological model. The objective of this work is: To study methods used to quantify the uncertainty in radar – raingauge merge precipitation estimation and uncertainty in hydrological modeling, in order to develop a methodology for the analysis of their individual contributions in the uncertainty of rainfall - runoff estimation.The work is divided in two parts, the first one evaluates: How the uncertainty of radar precipitation estimation can be quantified? To address the question, the geostatistical approach by Kriging with External Drift (KED) and Stochastic Generation of Precipitation was used, which allows to model the spatio - temporal structure of errors. The method was applied in the Cévennes - Vivarais region (France), where there is a very rich observation system. The second part explains: How can it be quantified the uncertainty of the hydrological simulation coming from the radar precipitation estimates and hydrological modeling process? In this point, the hydrological mesoscale computation tool was developed; it is distributed hydrological software in time continuous, within the basis of the Curve Number and the Unit Hydrograph. It was applied in 20 spatio-temporal resolutions ranging from 10 to 300 km2 and 1 to 6 hours in the Ardèche (~ 1971 km2) and the Gardon (1810 km2) basins. After a sensitivity analysis, the model was simplified with 4 parameters and the uncertainty of the chain of process was analyzed: 1) Precipitation estimation; 2) Hydrological modeling; and 3) Rainfall - runoff estimation, by using the coefficient of variation of the simulated flow.It has been shown that KED is a method that provides the standard deviation of the precipitation estimation, which can be transformed into a stochastic estimation of the local error. In the chain of processes: 1) Uncertainty in precipitation estimation increases with decreasing spatio-temporal scale, and its effect is attenuated by hydrological modeling, probably due by storage and transport properties of the basin; 2) The uncertainty of hydrological modeling depends on the simplification of hydrological processes and not on the surface of the basin; 3) Uncertainty in rainfall - runoff treatment is the result of the amplified combination of precipitation and hydrologic modeling uncertainties
Gaussiat, Nicolas. "Mesure du contenu en eau et en glace des nuages en phase mixte par radars multifréquences." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30216.
Full textCeresetti, Davide. "Structure spatio-temporelle des fortes précipitations : application à la région Cévennes Vivarais." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551316.
Full textSalles, Christian. "Analyse microphysique de la pluie au sol : mesures par spectro-pluviomètre optique et méthodes statistiques d'analyse spectrale et de simulation numérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10241.
Full textKhelil, Amar. "Elaboration d'un système de stockage et exploitation de données pluviométriques." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0034.
Full textThe Lyon District Urban Area (CO. UR. LY. ) may be explained from an hydrological point of view as a 600 km2 area equipped with a sewerage system estimated by 2 000 km of pipes. Due to the complexity of the sewerage network of the area, it must therefore be controlled by an accurate and reliable system of calculation to avoid any negative consequences of its function. The capacity of the present computerising system SERAIL, allows an overall simulation of the functioning of drainage / sewerage system. This model requires an accurate information of the rainfall rate which was not previously available. Therefore a 30 rain gages network (with cassette in sit recording) was set up within the Urban District Area in 1983. This research however introduces the experiment of three steps: 1) to install the network; 2) to build up a data checking and storage system; 3) to analyse the data. The characteristic nature of this work deals with the data analysis system. It allows to extract easily and analyse any rainfall event important to the hydrologist. Two aims were defined: 1) to get a better understanding of the phenomena (punctual representations ); 2) to build up models. In order to achieve the second aim, it was necessary to think about the fitting of the propounded models and their limits which led to the setting up of several other programmes for checking and comparison. For example a complete analysis of a rainfall event is given with comments and conclusion
Michot, Véronique. "Analyse spatiale et temporelle de la variabilité des régimes de précipitations dans le bassin amazonien." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20050/document.
Full textPrecipitations are the main seasonal climate marker between the tropics and largely determine surface hydrolosy as well as many anthropogenic activities. The Amazon Basin is characterized by various regional rainfall patterns, whose spatial and temporal variability is high. Numerous studies have shown that this variability is related to large scale external forcing, such as sea surface temperatures. The analysis of precipitation in this region is generally related to trends or extreme of rainfall. However, the detection of similar years associated with regional sub-regimes and the analysis of their links with a specific ocean-atmosphere configuration has only been fewly addressed until now. The main objective of this thesis is to create a typology of regional precipitation sub-régimes in the Amazon Basin and to link them to ocean-atmosphere areas able to partly explain them. For that purpose data from 205 raingauges in 5 countries of the Amazon Basin were selected and submitted to a series of statistical tests and reconstruction. Outgoing longwave radiation, specific humidity, sea surface temperature, as well as satellite data (TRMM 3B42 version 7) were also used with the aim of improving the understanding of the spatial rainfall variability.Within each of the seven Amazon regions identified in this work, two to four precipitation sub-regimes were detected. Among the twenty six sub-regimes, twenty are associated with specific humidity and sea surface temperature anomalies. The precipitation sub-regimes of the northern half and the westernmost Andes of the Amazon Basin are most closely related to oceanic anomalies. Moreover, as previously described in the literature, reduction or surplus of rain often correspond to El Niño or La Niña phases, but this thesis also highlights the important role of the Atlantic, more specifically the southern part, on the move of the ITZC and on specific humidity. This work also stresses the link between the temporality of ocean events anomalies and rainfall anomalies.The TRMM 3B42 v7 product allows to enhance the analysis of the spatial variability of rainfall at the intra-regional scale of the North region of the Amazon Basin and to relativize the spatial coherence of its precipitation sub-regimes
Sall, Pape Ndièngou. "Étude écophysiologique de eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. En zone Sahelo-Soudanienne : L'exemple du parfob." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10010.
Full textKirstetter, P. E. "ESTIMATION QUANTITATIVE DES PRECIPITATIONS PAR RADAR METEOROLOGIQUE : INFERENCE DE LA STRUCTURE VERTICALE DES PLUIES, MODELISATION DES ERREURS RADAR-PLUVIOMETRES." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355957.
Full textNOTRE CONTRIBUTION À CES TRAITEMENTS CONCERNE PARTICULIÈREMENT UNE SOURCE D'ERREUR POUR LA MESURE DES PRÉCIPITATIONS PAR RADAR MÉTÉOROLOGIQUE : L'HÉTÉROGÉNÉITÉ VERTICALE DES PRÉCIPITATIONS. NOUS NOUS PLAÇONS DANS LA CONTINUITÉ DE LA MÉTHODE À BASE STATISTIQUE D'IDENTIFICATION DU PROFIL VERTICAL DE RÉFLECTIVITÉ PAR INVERSION PROPOSÉE PAR ANDRIEU ET CREUTIN (1995). NOUS AVONS ÉTENDU CETTE MÉTHODE AU CAS DE SUPPORTS GÉOGRAPHIQUES ÉVOLUTIFS DANS LE TEMPS AFIN DE CONSIDÉRER LE TYPE DE PRÉCIPITATIONS (CONVECTIF, STRATIFORME).
L'ÉVALUATION DES TRAITEMENTS, PAR LA CARACTÉRISATION DE L'INCERTITUDE DE L'ESTIMATION DE PLUIE PAR RADAR, EST UN ASPECT IMPORTANT DU TRAVAIL. NOUS AVONS DÉVELOPPÉ UNE TECHNIQUE BASÉE SUR LA GÉOSTATISTIQUE POUR ÉTABLIR UNE PLUIE DE RÉFÉRENCE À PARTIR DE DONNÉES PLUVIOMÉTRIQUES. NOUS AVONS ÉGALEMENT DÉVELOPPÉ UN MODÈLE POUR CARACTÉRISER LA STRUCTURE STATISTIQUE DES ERREURS AINSI QUE LEUR STRUCTURE SPATIO-TEMPORELLE.
NOUS AVONS ENFIN DÉVELOPPÉ UNE APPROCHE D'IDENTIFICATION DU PVR À BASE PHYSIQUE. EN DIMINUANT LE NOMBRE DE PARAMÈTRE PAR RAPPORT À LA MÉTHODE INITIALE ET EN INTRODUISANT DES CONTRAINTES PLUS PHYSIQUES, CETTE APPROCHE VISE À AMÉLIORER LA ROBUSTESSE D'IDENTIFICATION DU PVR.