Journal articles: 'Plywood – Mechanical properties'

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Hrázský, J., and P. Král. "Effects of the thickness of rotary-cut veneers on properties of plywood sheets. Part 2. Physical and mechanical properties of plywood materials." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 3 (January 9, 2012): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4493-jfs.

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The second part of the paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at the determination of physical and mechanical properties of different sets of plywood sheets pressed under different conditions. The first part dealt with the determination of compressibility or values of decreasing the thickness of pressed plywood sheets. In this second part, results are summarized of the analysis of physical and mechanical properties of the set of whole-beech plywood sheets of the nominal thickness of veneers amounting to 1.5 mm. The plywood sheets were manufactured as seven-ply and urea-formaldehyde resin DUKOL S was used for their production. The sheets were pressed using a pressure of 1.5 and 1.7 MPa. Following parameters were analyzed: moisture, density, bending strength, MOE in bending and shear strength.

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Rahman, MK, M. Asaduzzaman, MM Rahman, AK Das, and SK Biswas. "Physical and mechanical properties of ghora neem (Melia azedarach) plywood." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 49, no. 1 (May 8, 2014): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18855.

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This paper gives the results of ghora neem (Melia azedarach) plywood for assessing it as an alternative raw material for plywood industries. Five ply ghora neem plywood of 2400 mm×1200 mm×12 mm size was manufactured using urea formaldehyde adhesive. The important physical and mechanical properties were examined for assessing its quality. The results of physical and mechanical properties of ghora neem plywood were compared with the data obtained with existing market available plywood manufactured with shimul (Bombax ceiba). The density of ghora neem plywood and shimul plywood was 541.00 and 499.80 kg/m3 respectively. The MOR was 58.33 N/mm2 for ghora neem plywood while it was 32.52 N/mm2 for the shimul plywood. The MOE was found for ghora neem plywood 3950.01 N/mm2 and on the other hand, the shimul plywood showed 3224.15 N/mm2. The ghora neem plywood showed better performance for both physical and mechanical properties and it also follows the standard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18855 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(1), 47-52, 2014

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Yu, Yun Shui, Wei Hong Zhou, Xue Liu, and Xue Liang Xiong. "Research on Mechanical Properties of Bambusa Distegia Thread Plywood." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1394.

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Bambusa distegia were used to make bamboo thread plywood by the process of producing thread, dipping thread into glue, assembling pattern and pressing. Influence of hot pressing pressure on mechanical properties of bambusa distegia thread plywood was investigated, which was 2.0MPa，2.5MPa，3.0MPa，3.5MPa and 4.0MPa respectively. The results indicate that the modulus of rupture(MOR), modulus of elasticity(MOE), compressive strength(CS), and horizontal shear strength(HSS) increase with the increasing of hot pressing pressure. Mechanical properties of the Bambusa distegia thread plywood are higher than the indices of plywood for concrete form and the indices of plywood for container flooring.

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Dyrwal, Paweł, and Piotr Borysiuk. "Impact of phenol film grammage on selected mechanical properties of plywood." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 111 (September 30, 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6418.

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Impact of phenol film grammage on chosen mechanical properties of plywood. For the purpose of this research several plywood samples with a thickness of 15 mm were produced and coated, in industrial conditions, with 5 different variants of phenol films varying in terms of grammage (40/120 g/m2, 60/145 g/m2, 60/167 g/m2, 80/220 g/m2, 2 × 80/220 g/m2). Finished plywood was tested for abrasion resistance, MOR, MOE and density. It was concluded that higher grammage of phenol film increases wear resistance and final density of plywood. Plywood coated with two-layer phenol film with grammage of 80/220 g/m2 had 4 times higher rate of abrasion resistance in comparison with plywood coated with phenol film with surface density of 40/120 g/m2. Coating plywood surface with phenol films generally decreases MOR values, in comparison with uncoated plywood. In terms of MOE, there were no evidence of conclusive relation, despite statistically significant differences between each variant.

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Dyrwal, Paweł, and Piotr Borysiuk. "Impact of phenol film grammage on selected mechanical properties of plywood." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 111 (September 30, 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6418.

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Impact of phenol film grammage on chosen mechanical properties of plywood. For the purpose of this research several plywood samples with a thickness of 15 mm were produced and coated, in industrial conditions, with 5 different variants of phenol films varying in terms of grammage (40/120 g/m2, 60/145 g/m2, 60/167 g/m2, 80/220 g/m2, 2 × 80/220 g/m2). Finished plywood was tested for abrasion resistance, MOR, MOE and density. It was concluded that higher grammage of phenol film increases wear resistance and final density of plywood. Plywood coated with two-layer phenol film with grammage of 80/220 g/m2 had 4 times higher rate of abrasion resistance in comparison with plywood coated with phenol film with surface density of 40/120 g/m2. Coating plywood surface with phenol films generally decreases MOR values, in comparison with uncoated plywood. In terms of MOE, there were no evidence of conclusive relation, despite statistically significant differences between each variant.

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Hrázský, J., and P. Král. "A contribution to the properties of combined plywood materials." Journal of Forest Science 53, No. 10 (January 7, 2008): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2087-jfs.

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The paper summarizes the results of institutional research aimed at new types of combined plywood materials. Under pilot plant conditions, three variants of combined plywood materials were pressed, namely with the layer of fibreglass, with a core cork layer and with a cork wear layer on one side of the plywood surface and a cork core. Tests of selected physical and mechanical properties were carried out on these materials including the basic statistical evaluation. Comparisons with plywood materials Multiplex 15 and 20 mm in thickness were also made.

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Han, Jian, and Xi Tao Gao. "A Study on Tensile Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Plywood." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1009.

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The tensile mechanical properties of bamboo mat and curtain plywood（for short bamboo plywood）were studied through “electrometric method”. It was proved that in the range of elastic deformation，the Poisson′s ratio and the elastic modulus of the bamboo plywood were not constant. The Poisson′s ratio of the bamboo plywood decreased nonlinearly with the load increase that Poisson′s ratio decreased markedly when the load was less than 1kN，and decreased gently when more than 1kN.The tensile elastic modulus of the bamboo plywood also increased nonlinearly with the load increase that the tensile modulus of elasticity increased drastically when the load was less than 800N，and increased less when exceeded 800N. In the process of loading，the tensile deformation、the tensile stress and strain all increased linearly with the load increase，and the tensile stress and strain both were linearly relevant to tensile deformation.

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Supriadi, Achmad, Deazy Rachmi Trisatya, and Ignasia Maria Sulastiningsih. "Sifat Kayu Lapis yang Dibuat dari Lima Jenis Kayu Asal Riau." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 25, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.25.4.657.

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The objective of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of plywood made of punak (Tetramerista glabra Miq.), meranti bunga (Shorea teysmanniana Dyer ex Brandis), mempisang (Alphonsea spp.), suntai (Palaqium burckii H.J.L.), and pasak linggo (Aglaia argentea Blume). Liquid urea formaldehyde (UF) was used as an adhesive. Data analysis was carried out using a completely randomized design. Results showed that the moisture content and density of plywood produced in this study were around 10.4-10.95% and 0.65 to 0.93 g/cm3, respectively. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of plywood produced were between 63.371-123.548 kg/cm2 and 517-1.052 kg/cm2, respectively. It was also found that the tensile strength and bonding strength of the plywood produced were 461.6-1.095 kg/cm2 and 18.97-31.79 kg/cm2, respectively. It was recorded that moisture content and the bonding strength of the plywood produced met the Indonesian National Standard of Plywood. Among others, plywood produced from pasak linggo showed a superior quality. Referring to statistical analysis, it was confirmed that physical and mechanical properties of plywood were significantly affected by wood species, except moisture content. Keywords: mechanical properties, physical properties, plywood, Riau wood species

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Zheng, Tengteng, Yanpeng Cheng, Shuai Li, Yan Zhang, and Yingcheng Hu. "Mechanical properties of the wood-based X-type lattice sandwich structure." BioResources 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 1927–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1927-1944.

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In this study, a wood-based X-type lattice sandwich structure was fabricated by an insertion glue method using medium density fiberboard (MDF) and plywood as panels. Birch was used for the core. The mechanical properties and failure modes of the wood-based X-type lattice sandwich structure were investigated by an out-of-plane compressive test, a short beam shear test, and their matching analytical models. The out-of-plane compressive test and the compression analytical model showed that the failure mode of the plywood and birch combination was mainly shear failure in the core. The cores were broken or had sliding surfaces, while the failure mode of the MDF and birch combination was mainly shear failure of the core at both ends. Although the compression properties of the MDF and birch combination were better, the specific strength and modulus of the plywood and birch combination was larger, which align with the characteristics of lightweight and strong strength. The failure mode of the plywood and birch combination was delamination at both ends of the panel or core breakage, which indicated that this combination had better short beam shear properties. The theoretical models of the compressive /short beam shear properties were in good agreement with experimental results obtained for the plywood and birch combination.

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Liu, Xiao Ying, Ji Zhi Zhang, Yong Lin Yang, Shi Feng Zhang, and Jian Zhang Li. "Effect of Melamine Content in MUF Resin on the Durable Properties of Plywood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3160.

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The effect of melamine content in melamine modified urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin on durable properties of plywood was investigated using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) with different melamine/urea (M/U) ratios. The plywood specimens were exposed to laboratory accelerated aging and/or cyclic soak-dry (SD). The experiment results indicated that the melamine contents in MUF resin showed an unobservable effect on the durable properties of MUF resin bonded plywood. The mechanical properties of plywood decreased more severely after accelerated aging test in acidic condition. However, the influence of different curing catalyst contents on mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of UF resin can be minimized by adding melamine to the resin.

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Král, P., and J. Hrázský. "Effects of different pressing conditions on properties of spruce plywoods." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 6 (January 9, 2012): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4510-jfs.

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The paper presents results of an institutional research aimed at assessing the effect of different technological conditions in pressing on physical and mechanical properties of plywood sheets. Spruce plywood sheets of the veneer nominal thickness of 3.0 and 3.5 mm were analyzed. The plywood sheets were produced as five-ply and BAKELITE PF B118 phenol-formaldehyde adhesives were used for there manufacture. In relation to a different pressing temperature 115, 120 and 125°C and a different specific pressure, density, bending strength, MOE in bending and glue-bond strength by a shear test were assessed. The determined values of properties were statistically tested.

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Hrázský, J., and P. Král. "Assessing the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending of exterior foiled plywoods in relation to their construction." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 2 (January 10, 2012): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4546-jfs.

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The paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at assessing the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending of exterior foiled combined and all-beech plywoods in relation to their construction. A relationship was studied of the plywood construction and selected physical and mechanical properties. In studied sheets, moisture, density, bending strength and modulus of elasticity were analysed along and across the grain of the upper veneer. All measurements were carried out in water-resistant plywoods with surface treatment with a phenolformaldehyde foil 8, 10, 12 and 15 mm thick in combined plywoods and 10, 12, 15 and 18 mm thick in all-beech plywoods. The construction of plywoods significantly influences their quality that is determined particularly by the bending strength and modulus of elasticity. Using regression analysis relationships were demonstrated particularly that with the increasing moisture content of plywoods the bending strength decreased and with the increasing density the bending strength and modulus of elasticity increased. The same trend was also proved in connection with the increasing number of veneers of plywood sheets. Using correlation analysis, combinations of interrelationships of the given properties were statistically tested.

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Nuryawan, Arif, C. Abdullah, Che Hazwan, N. Olaiya, Esam Yahya, Iwan Risnasari, Nanang Masruchin, M. Baharudin, Hasmawi Khalid, and H. Abdul Khalil. "Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites." Polymers 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051007.

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Using oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as glue for layers of the oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and empty fruit bunch fibre mat. The resulting hybrid plywood produced was characterised. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the hybrid plywood panels were investigated. The results obtained showed that the presence of OPA nanoparticles significantly affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plywood panels. Significant improvements in dimension from water absorption and thickness swelling experiments were obtained for the plywood panels with the highest OPA nanoparticles loading in PF resin. The mechanical properties indicated that plywood composites showed improvement in flexural, shear, and impact properties until a certain loading of OPA nanoparticles in PF resin. Fracture surface morphology also showed the effectiveness of OPA nanoparticles in the reduction of layer breakage due to force and stress distribution. The thermal stability performance showed that PF filled OPA nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the plywood panels. Therefore, the results obtained in this study showed that OPA nanoparticles certainly improved the characteristic of the hybrid plywood.

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Jorda, Johannes, Günther Kain, Marius-Catalin Barbu, Alexander Petutschnigg, and Pavel Král. "Influence of Adhesive Systems on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax Fiber Reinforced Beech Plywood." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183086.

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In order to improve the acceptance of broader industrial application of flax fiber reinforced beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) plywood, five different industrial applicated adhesive systems were tested. Epoxy resin, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea formaldehyde, isocyanate MDI prepolymer, and polyurethane displayed a divergent picture in improving the mechanical properties—modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, tensile strength, shear strength and screw withdrawal resistance—of flax fiber-reinforced plywood. Epoxy resin is well suited for flax fiber reinforcement, whereas urea-formaldehyde, melamine urea-formaldehyde, and isocyanate prepolymer improved modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, shear strength, and screw withdrawal resistance, but lowered tensile strength. Polyurethane lowered the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced plywood. Flax fiber reinforced epoxy resin bonded plywood exceeded glass fiber reinforced plywood in terms of shear strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture.

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Han, Jan, and Yue Zou. "Study on the Bending Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Plywood Used Middle Temperature PF Resine." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1239.

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The bending mechanical properties of bamboo plywood which was glued with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resine were detected and analysised. The study results showed that the differences of the bending strength (MOR)and the elastic modulus(MOE) of bamboo plywood prepared separately within 110-130°C were not large, and MOR and MOE exceeded all the targets ruled by JB/T 156-2004. It was proved that the property of this kind of middle temperature PF resine was very well for using in bamboo plywood. When the load was the same, the differences of the deflection、the stress of the bamboo plywood prepared on the different hot-pressing temperature were very small too, but some differences existed in the those strains，and the strains on the lower sursurface of the boards were larger than those on upper surface. When the load was smaller, The deflection、stress and strain of the boards linearly changed with the load increase, which proved that the bamboo plywood mainly produced elastic deformation under this circumstances.

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Arruda, Larissa M., and Cláudio H. S. Del Menezzi. "Properties of a Laminated Wood Composite Produced with Thermomechanically Treated Veneers." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8458065.

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The paper aimed at evaluating the properties of plywood made from thermomechanically treated wood veneers. Veneers from Amescla (Trattinnickia burseraefolia) wood were treated in a hydraulic press with electric resistance heating. Two temperature levels were applied, 140°C and 180°C, for 1 and 2 minutes with 2.7 N/mm2of pressure. A total of 30 plywood boards were produced, including six boards produced from untreated veneers. The results showed that the thermomechanical treatment did not have any deleterious effect on glue line strength and most of the mechanical properties of plywood made from treated veneers were improved. On the other hand, plywood made from untreated veneers presented better dimensional stability. Dimensional stability properties were most affected by the temperature of the treatment, while mechanical stability, represented by the glue line shear strength, was positively affected by temperature and duration of the treatment.

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Rhazi, Naima, Mina Oumam, Abdessadek Sesbou, Hassan Hannache, and Fatima Charrier-El Bouhtoury. "Physico-mechanical properties of plywood bonded with ecological adhesives from Acacia mollissima tannins and lignosulfonates." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 78, no. 3 (June 2017): 34813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2017170067.

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The objective of this research was to develop ecological adhesives for bonding plywood panels using lignosulfonates, a common waste product of the wood pulp industry, and natural tannin extracted from Moroccan bark of Acacia mollissima using different process. Natural tannin and lignin were used in wood adhesives formulation to substitute resins based on phenol and formaldehyde. To achieve this, the lignosulfonates were glyoxalated to enhance their reactivity and the used tannins obtained by three different extraction methods were compared with commercial mimosa tannin. The proportion of Acacia mollissima tannins and lignosulfonates, the pressing time, the pressing temperature, and the pressure used were studied to improve mechanical properties, and bonding quality of plywood panel. The properties of plywood panels produced with these adhesives were tested in accordance with normative tests. Thus, the tensile strength, and the shear strength were measured. The results showed that the performance of the plywood panels made using biobased tannin adhesives was influenced by physical conditions such as pressure, press temperature as well as by chemical conditions, such as the tannin-lignin ratio. It exhibited excellent mechanical properties comparable to commercially available phenol-formaldehyde plywood adhesives. This study showed that biobased adhesives formulations presented good and higher mechanical performance and no formaldehyde emission.

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Kallakas, Heikko, Anti Rohumaa, Harti Vahermets, and Jaan Kers. "Effect of Different Hardwood Species and Lay-Up Schemes on the Mechanical Properties of Plywood." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060649.

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In Estonia, hardwoods form approximately 50% of all forest area, where the main species are birch (30%), gray alder (9%), aspen (6%) and black alder (4%). Birch has been extensively used by the veneer-based industry, but species like black alder, gray alder and aspen have not been commonly used by the veneer-based products industry due to the lower quality of this resource. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of different lay-up schemes and usages of gray alder, black alder and aspen on the mechanical properties of plywood, by replacing birch veneer in the plywood core with alternative wood species. The main veneer and plywood characteristics will be evaluated according to the current standards, e.g., veneer strength perpendicular to grain, plywood bonding and bending strength, and modulus of elasticity. All processing parameters will be kept similar to those used generally by birch plywood manufacturers. The results showed that birch and black alder plywood panels had generally the highest bending strength properties, followed by grey alder and aspen. It was also found that, for proper gluing, birch veneers had the lowest glue consumption, 152 g/m2, and aspen had the highest glue consumption, 179 g/m2. It was found that when lower density wood was used in the plywood, the product density increased. Low density wood veneers had higher glue consumption, and also higher compaction in thickness than birch veneers under the same pressure. Overall, it was shown that the wood species used in this study have slightly lower strength properties, but with proper lay-up schemes, these wood species could be successfully used by the veneer-based products industry.

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Shao, Hong Xia, Qing Guo Tang, Jin Sheng Liang, and Yan Ding. "Effect of Mineral Composite Fillers on Properties of Man-Made Plywood." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.97.

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Attapulgite mineral powder as raw material, through surface modification and composite of various mineral processing, the effect of modifier dosage, composite powder filler ratio on the mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of the plywood which is bonded by filled urea-formaldehyde resin were investigated. The results show that under the conditions of the plywood bonding strength to meet the national standard, modified attapulgite make the plywood formaldehyde emission decrease from 4.5 to 2.1 mg/L, the composite material can make the formaldehyde emission decreased to 1.6 mg/L, which can improved the indoor environment and the grade of plywood.

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Khasanshin, Ruslan R., Ruslan R. Safin, and Shamil R. Mukhametzyanov. "Experimental Studies of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Glued Building Materials Based on Modified Veneer." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.817.

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Today, glued timber products occupy a significant place in the volume of finished products of modern construction and woodworking enterprises. Plywood is one such product. The durability and structural characteristics of plywood depend on the quality of binder, the type of wood and the quality of veneer. The paper explores the technology of ultraviolet treatment of thermally modified birch veneer with subsequent production of waterproof plywood. The results of a study on the influence of the operating parameters of veneer modification on the complex of sorption and strength characteristics of plywood materials are presented. It is established that the combination of thermal modification of wood throughout the entire volume with surface treatment with ultraviolet radiation allows creating glued wood material with increased water resistance and high-quality adhesive interaction.

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Islam, Md Zahidul, A. N. M. Masudur Rahman, and Hosne Ara Begum. "Comparative Study of Areca Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites and Plywood." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 30 (October 31, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n30p98.

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In this study, the mechanical properties of the composites made of areca fibers as reinforcing agent with polyester matrix were evaluated. Both untreated and treated (mercerized) fibers were used to fabricate composites and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM) and impact strength (IS) of the composites were examined. Composites were manufactured by means of hand lay-up technique with varying fiber content (5 and 10%). Mechanical properties of plywood were also tested and compared with the composites. It was found that areca fiber composites showed significant improved mechanical properties than plywood. Among the composite materials 10% fiber loading presented higher mechanical properties than 5% fiber content and the treated fiber composites exhibited enhanced mechanical properties than the untreated fiber composites due to strong interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. In addition, water uptake test was performed and specifies that areca composites absorbed very much lower amount of water than that of plywood. The morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Jakimovska, Violeta T. "Comparative Researcehs of the Properties of Laboratory Plywood and Some Industrial Manufactured Wood-Based Panels." South East European Journal of Architecture and Design 2017 (August 1, 2017): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/seejad.2017.10033.

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The aim of the researches in the master thesis is studying the impact of the changes in plywood structure on their physical and mechanical properties. These changes are related to the change of the layer’s position in the panels’ structure along the axis of symmetry without changing the number and the thickness of the veneers. Four models of laboratory nine layered plywood were made for studying this impact. The evaluation of the models quality was made on the base of the obtained values from the tests of their physical and mechanical properties, as well as on the base of the comparative analyze of these values and the values obtained from the tested properties of comparative model of industrial manufactured plywood. The laboratory plywood models are made in controlled laboratory conditions by the method of hot dry pressing. Beech peeled veneers with thickness of 1,2; 1,5; 2,2 and 3,2 mm are used for plywood manufacturing. As gluing component for plywood manufacturing, pure water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin with concentration of 47,10 % is used. The models are preserved with phenol formaldehyde foil, which is impregnated in the surface layers during pressing. Four panels from each model are made, as well as two additional panels without surface phenol formaldehyde foil from the second model in order to perceive the differences in physical properties between preserved and non-preserved laboratory models.

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Jakimovska, Violeta T. "Comparative Researcehs of the Properties of Laboratory Plywood and Some Industrial Manufactured Wood-Based Panels." South East European Journal of Architecture and Design 2017 (August 1, 2017): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/eejad.2017.10032.

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The aim of the researches in the master thesis is studying the impact of the changes in plywood structure on their physical and mechanical properties. These changes are related to the change of the layer’s position in the panels’ structure along the axis of symmetry without changing the number and the thickness of the veneers. Four models of laboratory nine layered plywood were made for studying this impact. The evaluation of the models quality was made on the base of the obtained values from the tests of their physical and mechanical properties, as well as on the base of the comparative analyze of these values and the values obtained from the tested properties of comparative model of industrial manufactured plywood. The laboratory plywood models are made in controlled laboratory conditions by the method of hot dry pressing. Beech peeled veneers with thickness of 1,2; 1,5; 2,2 and 3,2 mm are used for plywood manufacturing. As gluing component for plywood manufacturing, pure water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin with concentration of 47,10 % is used. The models are preserved with phenol formaldehyde foil, which is impregnated in the surface layers during pressing. Four panels from each model are made, as well as two additional panels without surface phenol formaldehyde foil from the second model in order to perceive the differences in physical properties between preserved and non-preserved laboratory models.

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Tang, Gan, Zhexian Zhang, Ping Sun, and Tianli Jiang. "Experimental Research on Basical Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Plywood." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1637 (September 2020): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1637/1/012043.

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Ganji, Marzieh, and Taghi Tabarsa. "A Novel Phenol – Based Composite Production: Features and Characterization." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.715.

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The aim of this study is to investigate on manufacturing new tannin phenol-formaldehyde resin as adhesive in paulownia composite. For this purpose, renewable tannin was introduced in the classic adhesive formulation in order to supply a part of phenol–formaldehyde (PF). Variables were substituted tannin with phenol at two levels (0%, 10 % and 20%) and press temperature (150Co and 170Co). plywood panels were manufactured in laboratory. Mechanical (MOR and MOE and) and physical (TS and WA) properties of panels were evaluated according to ASTM standard. Data collected based on factorial design and using SPSS software were analyzed. The Results showed that substitution tannin with phenol had slight effect on mechanical properties but when press temperature increased mechanical properties were improved. Physical properties of plywood panels bonded with tannin–PF resins (20:80) were better than plywood panels PF made.

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Candan, Zeki, and Turgay Akbulut. "Nano-engineered plywood panels: Performance properties." Composites Part B: Engineering 64 (August 2014): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.04.021.

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Kawalerczyk, Jakub, Joanna Siuda, Radosław Mirski, and Dorota Dziurka. "Hemp flour as a formaldehyde scavenger for melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive in plywood production." BioResources 15, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 4052–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.4052-4064.

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The possibility of using hemp flour as a filling material for melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive was investigated for the process of manufacturing plywood. Adhesive mixtures were filled with various amounts of hemp flour and compared to rye flour as a reference mixture, and their properties were tested. The quantity of added filler had a significant effect on the resins viscosity. Moreover, the replacement of rye flour with the hemp flour resulted in acceleration of gel time and a slight increase in solid content. Due to the high proteins content, hemp flour led to a significant reduction of formaldehyde emission. Bonding quality of plywood made with hemp flour as a filling material for the adhesive mixture meet the requirements from the standard. Introducing it in an amount of 20 pbw and 25 pbw (parts by weight) allowed for the production of plywood characterized by equally good mechanical properties as that of reference plywood glued with an adhesive mixed with rye flour. In summary, the proper amounts of hemp flour can be applied as a filling material and formaldehyde scavenger for MUF adhesive without the deterioration of mechanical properties of manufactured plywood.

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Wu, Wen Qing, Shuai Chen, and Xue Yuan Ma. "Test Research on Flexural and Shear Properties of Bamboo Plywood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2951.

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This paper records the laboratory experiments on mechanical properties of bamboo plywood.According to related test codes, The mechanical properties such as bending modulus, bending capacities and shear modulus were calculated by specific formulas.All results were based on a series of tests conducted by the electronic universal testing machine and dial indicator . Bamboo plywood (including directed and nondirected) has satisfactory flexural and shear properties during the tests.Before tests,two surfaces of test block were defined as free surface and cutting surface corresponding to two loading directions.In different loading directions ,test block with the same size may behave different midspan deflections under the same cyclic load. Based on measured datas , the related mechanical modulus were gained , and the failure modes of bamboo plywood were discussed .

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Cakiroglu, Evren Osman, Aydin Demir, and Ismail Aydin. "Comparison of Birch and Beech Wood in Terms of Economic and Technological Properties for Plywood Manufacturing." Drvna industrija 70, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2019.1828.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the use of birch wood, one of the most important wood species used in the plywood industry, especially in Europe, the Nordic countries, Poland, Belarus and Russia as an alternative to beech wood. For this purpose, comparison was made of their economic and technological properties. In five-ply plywood manufacturing, beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and birch (Betula pendula) veneer sheets were used with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) resins. Some mechanical properties such as shear strength, bending strength and modulus of elasticity of plywood panels were conducted according to EN 314-1 and EN 310, respectively. Mean mechanical strength obtained for birch plywood panels was quite above the limit values specified in the related standards. When taking into consideration the annual increment of beech and birch trees in 1 ha and the time they need to reach suitable diameters for the manufacturing of rotary cut veneers, it was calculated that birch trees provide 2.46 times more physical harvesting than beech trees.

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Alibas, Ilknur, and Nezihe Koksal. "Determination of physical, mechanical, and structural seed properties of pepper cultivars." International Agrophysics 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0015.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine various physical, mechanical, and structural characteristics of seed of pepper cultivars Yağlık Kapya, Demre Sivri, Yalova Carliston, Kandil Dolma, and Cin Sus Yediveren, which are grown extensively in Turkey, with initial moisture content ranging between 7.03 and 7.21% (w.b.). Width, length, and thickness were found to be in the range of 3.00-3.72, 3.43-4.40, and 0.66-0.82 mm, respectively. It was revealed that sphericity of the seeds of Yağlık Kapya, Demre Sivri, Yalova Carliston, Kandil Dolma, and Cin Sus Yediveren were 51, 57, 56, 51 and 57%, respectively. In terms of the roundness which ranges between 76 and 85% depending on pepper cultivars. The aspect ratio of Yağlık Kapya, Demre Sivri, Yalova Carliston, Kandil Dolma, and Cin Sus Yediveren were determined to be 84.60, 88.04, 94.43, 85.55, and 87.67%, respectively. It was also noted that the porosity of the pepper seeds was in the range of 44.94-49.61%. Besides, we found that as the weight of pepper seeds increased, their terminal velocity increased accordingly, and thus terminal velocities were found to be 2.87-4.66 m s-1. In the current study, the static friction angle and coefficients of the cultivars were determined by means of six different plates including aluminium, stainless steel, galvanized iron, rubber, glass, and plywood. The plywood plate was found to be the least slippery; consequently, the static friction angle and coefficient were determined to be the highest for the plywood plate.

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Kang, Chun-Won, Gwang-Chul Kim, Hee-Jun Park, and Wook Kang. "Mechanical Properties and Sound Absorption Capability of Shipbuilding Plywood Waste." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 38, no. 6 (November 25, 2010): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2010.38.6.457.

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He, Qian, Tianyi Zhan, Haiyang Zhang, Zehui Ju, Lu Hong, Nicolas Brosse, and Xiaoning Lu. "Comparison of Bonding Performance Between Plywood and Laminated Veneer Lumber Induced by High Voltage Electrostatic Field." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927501013.

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High voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) was applied in order to improve wood surface characteristics, bonding and mechanical properties of wood composites. Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamp.) plywood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) were selected in this study. Surface characteristics were conducted by the electron spin resonance (ESR) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Bonding interphase and mechanical properties were investigated by fluorescence microscopy and vertical density profile (VDP), bonding strength, wood failure ratio, MOE and MOR. The results indicated that more increments were obtained in free radicals, O/C ratios and C2-C4 components. This is because electrons broke more wood chemical groups and new ions occurred among wood surface under HVEF. Significantly decreased PF adhesive penetration depth (PD) and increased density at bonding interphase was achieved in HVEF treated composites. More decrease of PD and increment of density were observed in plywood than that of LVL. This was attributed to cross linked wood fibers among bonding interphase in plywood. Mechanical properties of bonding strength, wood failure ratio, MOE and MOR were significantly increased under HVEF treatment both for two composites. Higher bonding strength, MOE and MOR were obtained in plywood and their increments were as 98.53%, 33.33%, 18.55% and 12.72%.

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Cha, Seung-Joo, Jeong-Dae Kim, Jeong-Hyeon Kim, Hoon-Kyu Oh, Yong-Tai Kim, Seong-Bo Park, and Jae-Myung Lee. "An Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Plywood." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 56, no. 4 (August 20, 2019): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2019.56.4.335.

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Bekhta, Pavlo, Marcus Müller, and Ilona Hunko. "Properties of Thermoplastic-Bonded Plywood: Effects of the Wood Species and Types of the Thermoplastic Films." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112582.

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There are a lack of proper adhesives that meet the wood industry requirements of being environmentally friendly, low cost, and easy to use; thus, the application of thermoplastic polymers, especially films, is promising. This work expands our knowledge about the possibility of using thermoplastic films for the production of environmentally friendly plywood. The effects of the adhesives type and wood species on the properties of plastic film bonded plywood were studied. Sliced veneers of two hardwoods (birch and beech) and one softwood (spruce) were used in the experiments. Three types of thermoplastic films—low-density polyethylene (LDPE), co-polyamide (CoPA), and co-polyester (CoPE)—were used as an adhesive for bonding plywood samples. Melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin was used as a reference. The influence of the type of adhesive and wood species as well as their interaction on the properties of plywood was significant. The lowest bonding strength demonstrated plywood samples bonded by LDPE, and the highest bonding strength in the samples was shown in those bonded by CoPA. A significant difference was found between softwoods and hardwoods in terms of their influence on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood samples. From the obtained data, it follows that softwoods provide much lower values of bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and bonding strength than hardwoods. The obtained bonding strength values of plastic-bonded plywood panels ranged from 1.18 to 2.51 MPa and met the European standard EN 314-2 for Class 1 (dry conditions) plywood.

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Gozdecki, Cezary, and Marek Kociszewski. "The properties of sandwich panels made of standard wood-based panels." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 114 (June 28, 2021): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2411.

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The properties of sandwich panels made of standard wood-based panels. The properties of sandwich panels made of standard wood-based panels were examined. Particleboards, MDF and OSB panels as well as plywood were used as internal and external layers of panels. Two types of adhesives: PUR and PVA were used to bind the layers. The physical and mechanical properties of glued sandwich panels were investigated. It was found out that OSB panels covered with plywood have the highest MOE and MOR values, and the panels with an internal layer composed of MDF have the lowest of WA and TS. It has been shown that regardless of the materials used, a panel glued with PUR achieves higher mechanical properties and the lowest WA and TS values.

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Hrázský, J., and P. Král. "Analysis of properties of boards for concrete formwork." Journal of Forest Science 50, No. 8 (January 11, 2012): 382–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4665-jfs.

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The paper summarizes results of the analysis of properties of large-area materials usable for the manufacture of concrete formwork and available on our market. The materials were compared from the viewpoint of physical and mechanical properties including economic evaluations. Materials were assessed manufactured by DOKA company dealing with the production of shuttering systems, viz. Doka 3-SO, Dokadur and Dokaplex. The materials were compared with following boards available on our market: bioboard Agrop, water-resistant (exterior) surface-treated plywood and oriented strandboard (OSB). Results of the paper consist in the comparison of cost/physical-mechanical properties.

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Burawska-Kupniewska, Izabela, and Maciej borowski. "Selected mechanical properties of the reinforced layered composites." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 113 (March 31, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2332.

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Selected mechanical properties of the reinforced layered composites. Publication concerns the production of fiber reinforced layered composites and its selected mechanical properties. The following reinforcement types of the layered composites were taken into consideration: linen fabric and fiberglass. Two types of core materials were tested: plywood and PUR foam. The assembled composites were tested for MOR, MOE and screw holding ability. Additionally density and density profile were determined. Fiberglass reinforced composites were used as a reference material for composites reinforced with natural fibres.

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Bekhta, Pavlo, Ján Sedliačik, and Nataliya Bekhta. "Effect of Veneer-Drying Temperature on Selected Properties and Formaldehyde Emission of Birch Plywood." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030593.

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In this study, the effect of the veneer-drying process at elevated temperatures on selected properties and formaldehyde emission of plywood panels was determined. We assume that during the veneer drying at high temperatures, more formaldehyde is released from it, and therefore, a lower formaldehyde emission can be expected from the finished plywood. Prior to bonding, birch veneers were dried at 160 °C (control) and 185 °C in an industrial veneer steam dryer (SD) and at 180 °C, 240 °C and 280 °C in an industrial veneer gas dryer (GD). Two types of adhesives were used: urea–formaldehyde (UF) and phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins. Bonding quality, bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending, water absorption and thickness swelling of plywood samples were determined. The formaldehyde emission level of samples was also measured. It was concluded from the study that the effects of veneer-drying temperatures on the bonding strength and physical and mechanical properties of plywood panels were significant. Veneer-drying temperatures of 185 °C/SD, 180 °C/GD and 240 °C/GD negatively affected the bending strength and the modulus of elasticity along and across the fibres for both UF and PF plywood samples. Bonding strength mean values obtained from all test panels were above the required value (1.0 MPa) indicated in EN 314-2 standard. The lowest formaldehyde emissions for the UF and PF plywood samples were observed in the samples from veneer dried in a steam dryer at 185 °C/SD.

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Nuryawan, Arif, Muh, Yusram Massijaya, and Yusuf Sudo Hadi. "The Influence of Wood Species and Type of Strands Arrangement to the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Oriented Strands Board." Journal of Sylva Indonesiana 1, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsi.v1i1.424.

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This research was concerning in mat forming method for production of oriented strands board (OSB) in laboratory scale. There were three prototype models of OSB resulted in method applied, namely manually alignment’s model, using former device tool adopted from Nishimura’s model, and using former device made of plywood and wire’s model. From the physical and mechanical properties evaluation, the best mat of OSB was resulted in the third model, using former device made of plywood and wire.

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Thongcharoen, Nussalin, Sureurg Khongtong, Suthon Srivaro, Supanit Wisadsatorn, Tanan Chub-uppakarn, and Pannipa Chaowana. "Development of Structural Insulated Panels Made from Wood-Composite Boards and Natural Rubber Foam." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152497.

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An experimental study was carried out to develop and examine the properties of a new type of structural insulated panel (SIP). SIP prototypes conducted from this research consisted of insulated foam manufactured from natural rubber filled with wood particles as the core layer and three kinds of commercial wood-composite boards (plywood, cement particleboard, and fiber-cement board) as the surface layers. Polyurethane was used as an adhesive bond between the surface and the core layer. This preformed panel was placed into a clamping device and compressed until adhesive curing was achieved. The physical and mechanical properties of the SIP prototypes were consequently evaluated. The test results indicated that the types of surface layer materials played a significant effect on the SIP properties. The SIP covered with cement particleboard and fiber-cement board revealed high mechanical properties and high water resistance. The SIP prototype covered with plywood showed desirable properties (such as low density, high resistance of screw withdrawal, and low thermal transmittance). However, high water absorption and low fire resistance were drawbacks of the SIP covered with plywood. These properties should be improved.

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Bekhta, Pavlo, and Ján Sedliačik. "Environmentally-Friendly High-Density Polyethylene-Bonded Plywood Panels." Polymers 11, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071166.

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Thermoplastic films exhibit good potential to be used as adhesives for the production of veneer-based composites. This work presents the first effort to develop and evaluate composites based on alder veneers and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film. The effects of hot-pressing temperature (140, 160, and 180 °C), hot-pressing pressure (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 MPa), hot-pressing time (1, 2, 3, and 5 min), and type of adhesives on the physical and mechanical properties of alder plywood panels were investigated. The effects of these variables on the core-layer temperature during the hot pressing of multiplywood panels using various adhesives were also studied. Three types of adhesives were used: urea–formaldehyde (UF), phenol–formaldehyde (PF), and HDPE film. UF and PF adhesives were used for the comparison. The findings of this work indicate that formaldehyde-free HDPE film adhesive gave values of mechanical properties of alder plywood panels that are comparable to those obtained with traditional UF and PF adhesives, even though the adhesive dosage and pressing pressure were lower than when UF and PF adhesives were used. The obtained bonding strength values of HDPE-bonded alder plywood panels ranged from 0.74 to 2.38 MPa and met the European Standard EN 314-2 for Class 1 plywood. The optimum conditions for the bonding of HDPE plywood were 160 °C, 0.8 MPa, and 3 min.

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Kawalerczyk, Jakub, Dorota Dziurka, Radosław Mirski, and Kinga Szentner. "Properties of Plywood Produced with Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive Modified with Nanocellulose and Microcellulose." Drvna industrija 71, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2020.1919.

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Urea-formaldehyde adhesives are widely used in the wood-based materials industry. The study investigates the possibility of using cellulosic particles as a filler that modifies the properties of the resin and consequently improves the properties of plywood. Moreover, the study also examines the differences between microcellulose and nanocellulose used as a filler for UF adhesive. Based on the investigations, it was found that the addition of MFC and NCC significantly affected the curing process and rheological behaviour of adhesive mixtures. Modification led to increase of viscosity and extension of a gel time caused by lowering solid content of the resin. The experimental and reference plywood were tested in terms of bonding quality and mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity in accordance with applicable standards. The results of the tests confirmed that both the amount and the type of modifier added to the resin had a significant effect on the properties of plywood. The bonding quality and the above mentioned mechanical properties improved in all variants of modification; however the most effective was the addition of NCC in the amount of 10 %/100 g of solid resin. The slight decrease of formaldehyde emission was only observed for 5 % cellulosic particles added to 100 g of solid UF.

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SYCZ, KRYSTIAN, and GRZEGORZ KOWALUK. "The influence of structure on selected properties of a lignocellulosic composite." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 106 (January 15, 2019): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7747.

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The influence of structure on selected properties of a lignocellulosic composite. As part of the research, the influence of the number of layers and the structure of plywood on selected physico-mechanical properties was determined. The scope of work included: bending strength and modulus of elasticity, resistance at axial removal of screws and density profile. The influence of thickness increase on selected properties of plywood was confirmed. Flexural strength decreases by 60%, modulus of elasticity by 71%. As the number of composite layers increases, the screw holding capacity increases by 33%. Density oscillates around the value of 650 kg / m3, possible deviations occur through the influence of the anatomical structure of wood and glue joints.

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Jakob, Matthias, Gregor Stemmer, Ivana Czabany, Ulrich Müller, and Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter. "Preparation of High Strength Plywood from Partially Delignified Densified Wood." Polymers 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081796.

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Wood and natural fibers exhibit an advantageous combination of good mechanics at comparably low density. Nevertheless, comparing absolute strength and stiffness, wood is clearly inferior to materials such as metals and engineered composites. Since there is a strong correlation between wood density and wood mechanical performance, densification by transversal compression suggests itself as a route towards improved mechanics. Partially delignified densified spruce veneers with excellent tensile properties were produced by means of an alkaline (AL) and an organosolv (OS) approach. Plywood specimens were manufactured using treated veneers glued with a phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesive and were compared with plywood samples made of native spruce veneers (Ref) and spruce veneer densified after plasticization by water impregnation (H2O). Roughly, the bending strength and the modulus of elasticity of plywood from partially delignified densified wood were improved by a factor of 2.4 and 3.5, respectively. Interlaminar shear strength did not match this improvement after partial delignification. Together with excessive thickness swelling, this might be a drawback of partially delignified densified wood in need for further research.

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Fedotov, A., Tat'yana Vahnina, Andrey Titunin, and Aleksandr Sviridov. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CARBAMIDE FOR-MALDEHYDE BINDER AND FC PLYWOOD." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.1/14.

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The problem of stabilizing the properties of the urea-formaldehyde binder during storage is relevant for both glued products and resins. Changing the performance of the resin during storage makes it difficult to apply a binder and leads to a deterioration in the physical and mechanical properties of plywood. The effect of glycerol, mono- and triethanolamine, as well as a mixture of glycerol and monoethanolamine on the nominal viscosity of the resin after 56 days of storage, has been studied. The use of glycerol and monoethanolamine (including in the complex) reduces the nominal viscosity of the resin by 13.5-24.8%. The use of triethanolamine as a stabilizer makes it possible to reduce the nominal viscosity by 35% in comparison with the index of an unstabilized oligomer. Mechanical properties of FC plywood based on the stabilized and unstabilized binder has been studied. It was found that glycerol additive (or glycerol in combination with monoethanolamine) significantly reduces strength characteristics of plywood, which makes it irrational to use these stabilizers. The addition of 0.2% triethanolamine to CFS allows a 35% reduction in the nominal viscosity of the resin, while the cohesive strength of the binder decreases by 1.5%. The result is within the framework of the dispersion of the indicator, i.e. strength reduction is negligible. The static bending strength of plywood with a stabilized triethanolamine binder is more important than that of control specimens without the addition of stabilizers. The results of the study enable to recommend the addition of triethanolamine in an amount of 0.2% by weight of urea-formaldehyde resin as a rational stabilizer

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Khalid, Hasmawi, Zakiah Ahmad, Paridah Md. Tahir, and Md Tahir Kasim. "Effect of Veneer Treatment with Phenol Formaldehyde on Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Stem (OPS) Plywood." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no. 1 (2014): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2014.v6.669.

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Xue, Gang, Zhao Yong Zhang, and Chong Ge Wang. "Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Renewable Rubber Building Template." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.208.

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Discarded rubber is renewable resource, and the reasonable use of discarded rubber is conducive to protect environment and save energy. This paper designs rubber template with the thermoplastic elastomer which processed by waste rubber powder and plastic. The physical and mechanical properties of various materials are obtained, and the bearing capacity of renewable rubber building template is calculated and analyzed through mechanical test. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of 16mm renewable rubber building template are equal to 18mm plywood. The research establishes a preliminary foundation for the industrialization of rubber building template.

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Bal, Bekir Cihad, and Ýbrahim Bektaþ. "Some mechanical properties of plywood produced from eucalyptus, beech, and poplar veneer." Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, ahead (2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2014005000009.

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Aydin, Ismail, Gursel Colakoglu, Semra Colak, and Cenk Demirkir. "Effects of moisture content on formaldehyde emission and mechanical properties of plywood." Building and Environment 41, no. 10 (October 2006): 1311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.05.011.

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Vo, Tuyen, Thanh Nam Nguyen, Khanh Dien Le, and Svetlin Antonov. "Study on the Effects of Technology Parameters on the Bending Strength of Press Bamboo Powder Plywood." Key Engineering Materials 863 (September 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.863.19.

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The application of bamboo by-products such as bamboo branches, debris... to recycle and produce bamboo powder plywood, perfectly saves high price natural resource of national wood with artificial wooden boards made from bamboo powder that ensures the reservation of natural source of raw materials and protecting of environment. Plywood that is made from bamboo powder has both economic and environmental benefits. It is an urgent task for providing a new version of material for civil engineering in Vietnam. The paper presents a study of the effect of technological parameters on the bending strength of pressed bamboo pulp plywood in order to enhance the mechanical properties of a new domestic product of construction in Vietnam.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plywood – Mechanical properties'

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