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Journal articles on the topic 'Plywood'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Hrázský, Jaroslav, and P. Král. "Analysis of causes of warping the plywood sheets." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 3 (2011): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159030059.

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The aim of the paper was to analyse the shape stability of plywoods. Following operations were monitored: storing the construction veneers, spreading the gluing mixtures, prepressing, pressing and the storage of plywoods. The shape stability of plywoods is affected by various factors and technological parameters of particular operations. It is one of the important parameters to assess the quality and use of plywood sheets in practice. On the basis of the analysis of the present condition of the problems a methodical procedure was prepared to determine causes of warping the plywood sheets. Acco

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2

Zhang, Shi Feng, Fei Song, Qiang Gao, and Jian Zhang Li. "Preparation and Properties of Low Formaldehyde Emission Plywood with Flame Resistance." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.649.

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In order to improve the flame resistance and reduce the formaldehyde emission of plywood, a multifunctional formaldehyde scavenger with flame resistance (FSFR) was prepared and used to treat plywoods bonded with high molar ratio urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The weight percent gain (WPG), formaldehyde emission, oxygen index (OI), and bonding strength of plywoods after FSFR treated were measured to evaluated properties of FSFR. The results showed that the formaldehyde emission of the treated plywood was 0.1-0.32 mg/L, which could meet the E0 grade requirement (<0.5 mg/L ). The flame resistan

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3

Wang, Song-Yung, and Yu-Chen Rao. "Structural Performance of Fire-Retardant Treated Plywood: Effect of Elevated Temperature." Holzforschung 53, no. 5 (1999): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.090.

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Summary This paper was designed to investigate the change of bending strength, bonding shear strength and surface fire-retardant (FR) performance of FR treated plywood after accelerated degradation treatment at elevated temperature (77 °C) and medium humidity (50%RH) condition. Furthermore, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning curves (DSC) analysis were also conducted to explore their thermal degradation. PF-bonded Red meranti (Shorea spp.) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) plywood, FR chemicals of AF21 and Lee-An 302 were used. Results indicated that the bending strength a

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4

Bal, Bekir Cihad. "SCREW AND NAIL HOLDING PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD PANELS REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBER FABRIC." CERNE 23, no. 1 (2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723012210.

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ABSTRACT In this study, plywood and reinforced plywood with glass fiber fabric were produced with rotary peeled poplar veneers using phenol formaldehyde adhesive. Screw and nail holding tests were conducted to obtain the characteristics of the plywood and reinforced plywood boards. One control group and three different test groups were used. The effects of glass fiber fabric on the screw direct withdrawal, screw-head pull-through, and lateral nail resistance were determined. The results of the tests indicated that the reinforced plywood’s resistances to direct withdrawal of the screw, screw-he

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5

Hrázský, Jaroslav, and Pavel Král. "Analysis of the shape stability of water-resistant plywoods." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 1 (2010): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058010061.

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The paper analyses causes of disorders of the shape stability of water-resistant plywoods produced by an important producer in the CR. Deformations of plywoods are caused by many reasons, such as wood structure (the course of wood fibres), plywood construction (the construction balance as for size and material regularity), the moisture of processed veneers and boards, glue spread, actual pressing process, the storage and climatization of finished plywoods. Basic technological parameters affecting the shape stability of plywoods were analysed, such as parameters of the hydrothermic preparati

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6

Saal, Kristjan, Heikko Kallakas, Eero Tuhkanen, et al. "Fiber-Reinforced Plywood: Increased Performance with Less Raw Material." Materials 17, no. 13 (2024): 3218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17133218.

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Fiber-reinforced plywood is a composite material that combines the natural strength and rigidity of plywood with the added durability and resilience provided by reinforcing fibers. This type of plywood is designed to offer improved characteristics over standard plywood, including enhanced strength, stiffness, resistance to impact and moisture, and environmental degradation. By integrating reinforcing fibers, such as glass, carbon, or natural fibers (like flax, bamboo, or hemp) into or onto plywood, manufacturers can create a material that is better suited for applications where traditional ply

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7

Oh, Yong-Sung. "Evaluation of chestnut shell and coffee waste with phenol-formaldehyde resin for plywood filler." Ciência Florestal 31, no. 4 (2022): 1991–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509841307.

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Chestnut fruit shell and ground coffee waste were evaluated as filler raw materials for plywood adhesive. A phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was formulated in the laboratory for plywood manufacture. Specification characteristics were determined on the PF resin, including nonvolatile solids, gel time, viscosity, etc. The laboratory synthesized PF resin was mixed with extender, filler and NaOH. Plywoods were uniformly made with the PF resin mixture and tested for tension shear strength after aging method, modulus of rupture (MOR) and thickness swell according to the procedures of the Korean Standa

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8

Wronka, Marta, Anita Wronka, and Grzegorz Kowaluk. "Enhancing the Performance of Layered Wood Composites Through the Non-Food Application of Dietary Fiber in Their Bonding Matrix." Applied Sciences 14, no. 24 (2024): 11780. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411780.

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Rye flour is a commonly used filler in plywood production, made from finely ground rye grains. It enhances glue viscosity, ensuring even distribution and better adhesion, which improves the plywood’s mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and resistance to warping. Additionally, rye flour increases the plywood’s strength and durability, making it more resistant to mechanical damage and external factors. Its affordability and availability further support its widespread use in plywood production. However, the growing availability of new raw materials has sparked interest in alternative fi

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9

Yang, Linfeng, Haiyang Quan, Jiajun Ji, Haizhe Zhang, and Fengwen Sun. "Research on the Preparation of Wood Adhesive Active Fillers from Tannin-/Bentonite-Modified Corn Cob." Forests 15, no. 4 (2024): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15040604.

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The artificial plywood industry in our country relies heavily on industrial flour as a filler for adhesives. Using abundant corn cob powder as the main raw material, corn cob powder was modified by impregnation with a sodium-based bentonite/bayberry tannin and used as filler for urea–formaldehyde resin (UF) adhesive, with NH4Cl as the curing agent and poplar veneer as the raw material to prepare plywood. The results showed that the modified corn cob powder with a particle size of 250 mesh was uniformly dispersed in the UF adhesive. When used as a filler, the modified corn cob powder effectivel

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10

Wojciechowska, Matylda, and Grzegorz Kowaluk. "Waste Banana Peel Flour as a Filler in Plywood Binder." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 123 (September 28, 2023): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.3094.

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Waste banana peel flour as a filler in plywood binder. Waste banana peel flour has gained attention as a potential filler in plywood binders due to its abundance, low cost, and positive environmental impact. Banana peels, which are typically discarded as waste, can be processed into flour and incorporated into plywood binders, offering several advantages. Firstly, banana peel flour acts as a natural filler, increasing the volume and reducing the amount of more expensive fillers required in plywood production. This can lead to cost savings without compromising the overall quality of the plywood

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11

Magalhães, Maria Rita Ramos, Felipe Gomes Batista, Ana Carolina Corrêa Furtini, et al. "Quality of Plywood Bonded with Nanolignin-Enriched Cardanol-Formaldehyde Adhesive." Fibers 13, no. 7 (2025): 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib13070095.

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Cardanol is a derivative of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and has the potential to be used when developing adhesives for wood boards. Adding nanostructures to adhesive can increase its bonding and reduce formaldehyde emission. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the different concentrations of nanolignin (1, 2, and 3%) added to the cardanol-formaldehyde adhesive for gluing plywood, in comparison to the cardanol-formaldehyde adhesive without nanolignin (0%). The plywood’s physical, mechanical, and formaldehyde emission properties were assessed. Plywoods with nanolignin showed shear strengt

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12

Hrázský, J., and P. Král. "Assessing the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending of exterior foiled plywoods in relation to their construction." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 2 (2012): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4546-jfs.

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The paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at assessing the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending of exterior foiled combined and all-beech plywoods in relation to their construction. A relationship was studied of the plywood construction and selected physical and mechanical properties. In studied sheets, moisture, density, bending strength and modulus of elasticity were analysed along and across the grain of the upper veneer. All measurements were carried out in water-resistant plywoods with surface treatment with a phenolformaldehyde foil 8, 10, 12 and 15

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13

Belaidi, Dalila, Aadarsha Lamichhane, Suman Pradhan, Mostafa Mohammadabadi, Rubin Shmulsky, and Xiping Wang. "Effect of Adhesives on Bonding Performance of Softwood and Hardwood Plywood." Forest Products Journal 75, no. 1 (2024): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-24-00044.

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Abstract In this study, the effects of adhesives on the bonding performance of both southern yellow pine (SYP) and red maple plywood were investigated. Phenol–formaldehyde (PF), polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI), phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF), and polyurethane (PUR) were evaluated. This allowed us to understand the difference between thermosetting and cold-setting adhesives, as well as phenolic and isocyanate ones. Three-ply plywoods were fabricated using red maple veneers (Acer rubrum) for hardwood plywood specimens and using SYP (Pinus spp.) for softwood plywood specimens.

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14

Somadona, Sonia, Evi Sribudiani, and Tuti Arlita. "PENGUJIAN KUALITAS KAYU LAPIS UNTUK KONTRUKSI BANGUNAN YANG BEREDAR DI PASARAN KOTA BENGKALIS." Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan 11, no. 2 (2016): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v11i2.182.

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Plywood is a composite product in form of an artificial board made of veneer sheets that were bonded together with an arrangement of perpendicular intersection. The quality of plywood circulating in Bengkalis City market was examined onits quality of the surface, inside and back space, moisture content and the thickness of its swell . The examination on the quality of plywood for construction of buildings circulating in Bengkalis City Market was using the standard of SNI 01-5008.2-1999. The test results of 4 plywood trademarks circulating in the market of Bengkalis City on its surface quality

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15

Utami, Mia Putri, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Sandi Asmara, Samsul Bakri, Sri Hidayati, and Wahyu Hidayat. "Characteristics of Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Plywood Adhesive derived from Low-Quality Cat’s Eye Damar Resin." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 11, no. 3 (2023): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v11i3.764.

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Wood panel products mainly use formaldehyde-based adhesives that release free formaldehyde and potentially cause health problems. This study aimed to develop a free-formaldehyde adhesive from cat’s eye damar (CED) resin as an alternative adhesive for plywood production. The low-quality CED resin was used to increase the added value of the resin. The adhesive formulation consists of a ratio of 30:70 (CED:benzene) dissolved for 15 minutes at 45°C. The plywood was manufactured using glue spread rates of 200, 250, and 300 g/m2 with an addition of 10% tapioca flour and hot pressed using a pressure

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16

Sang, Zi Tao, Shi Feng Zhang, Qiang Gao, and Jian Zhang Li. "Preparation and Application of Modified Soybean Protein Adhesives." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.706.

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In this study, a sodium hydroxide modified soybean protein adhesive (NSP adhesive) was prepared and mixed with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin in a ratio of 7:3 to form a compound adhesive (NSPF adhesive), and three-layer plywoods were prepared using the NSP adhesive and the NSPF adhesive. In order to understand the reactions between SP and PF resin during the curing process of NSPF adhesive, the SEM and FTIR spectra were employed to character the adhesives and the bonding strength of the plywoods was measured. The results showed that the bonding strength of the poplar plywood prepared with NSP

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17

Santoso, Adi, Adi Yuwono, A. R. M. Renwarin, and Paribotro Sutigno. "PENGARUH PELABURAN AMONIUM HIDROKSIDA TERHADAP EMISI FORMALDEHIDA KAYU LAPIS DAN PAPAN PARTIKEL." Jurnal Sains Natural 1, no. 2 (2017): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v1i2.23.

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The effect of spreading by ammonium hydroxide on formaldehyde emission of plywood and particleboardThe formaldehyde emmision from panel products such as plywood and particleboard bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) can have negative effects to human health, especially if used in a room with limited ventilation. To reduce formaldehyde emission, chemical agents can be applied to the product. In this exsperiment report, the effect of ammonium hydroxide 25% application on formaldehyde emission of UF on to wards the bonded plywood and particleboard was described. Application of ammonium hydroxide on

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18

Jóźwiak, Mariusz, and Andrzej Fojutowski. "The barrier layer protecting wooden products against fire action with the use of component plywood Part I Core material – plywood." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 111 (September 30, 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7353.

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The barrier layer protecting wooden products against fire action with the use of component plywood Part I Core material – plywood. Research on the barrier layer protecting wooden products against fire action with the use of component plywood are presented on the example of the composite plywood. The composite plywood consisting of: 3-layer protected against fire component plywood and 9-layer core plywood - beech UF- industrial, classic – not protected against fire (thickness 14.5 mm) was produced. Fire resistance of the component plywood was sufficient to protect core plywood against fire. The

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19

Brožek, M. "Bonding of plywood." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, No. 4 (2016): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/39/2015-rae.

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The contribution contains results of bonded joints strength tests. The tests were carried out according to the modified standard ČSN EN 1465 (66 8510):2009. The spruce three-ply wood of 4 mm thickness was used for bonding according to ČSN EN 636 (49 2419):2013. The test samples of 100 × 25 mm size were cut out from a semi-product of 2,440 × 1,220 mm size in the direction of its longer side (angle 0°), in the oblique direction (angle 45°) and in the direction of its shorter side (crosswise – angle 90°). The bonding was carried out using eight different domestic as well as foreign adhesives acco

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20

Rahman, MK, M. Asaduzzaman, MM Rahman, AK Das, and SK Biswas. "Physical and mechanical properties of ghora neem (Melia azedarach) plywood." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 49, no. 1 (2014): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18855.

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This paper gives the results of ghora neem (Melia azedarach) plywood for assessing it as an alternative raw material for plywood industries. Five ply ghora neem plywood of 2400 mm×1200 mm×12 mm size was manufactured using urea formaldehyde adhesive. The important physical and mechanical properties were examined for assessing its quality. The results of physical and mechanical properties of ghora neem plywood were compared with the data obtained with existing market available plywood manufactured with shimul (Bombax ceiba). The density of ghora neem plywood and shimul plywood was 541.00 and 499

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21

Sutiawan, Jajang, Alifah Syahfitri, Deni Purnomo, et al. "Characterization and Application of Non-Formaldehyde Binder Based Citric Acid, Maleic Acid, and Molasses Adhesive for Plywood Composite." Polymers 15, no. 19 (2023): 3897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15193897.

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Emissions of formaldehyde from wood-based panels, such as plywood, are gaining increased attention due to their carcinogenic impact on human health and detrimental effects on the environment. Plywood, which is primarily bound with a urea-formaldehyde adhesive, releases formaldehyde during hot pressing and gradually over time. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of non-formaldehyde adhesive types on plywood performance. In addition, plywood performance was assessed by comparing Jabon wood (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq) veneer with other Indonesian wood veneers such as Mempisang (Alpho

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22

Shi, Jun You, and Sheng You Ye. "Effects of Addition Ammonia Modified Urea-Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin on the Adhesions and Formaldehyde Emission in Plywood." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1226.

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This study was carried out to investigated the effect of addition ammonia which concentration is 20 percent modified urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin on the formald-ehyde emission and internal bonding strength, when hotpress temperature, time and pressure for every plywood was coincide.To determine and compare the effect of ammonia content 0, 2.5, 5 percent by weight of formaldehyde were used. To determine the level of formaldehyde emission, we used the desiccator method. The formaldehyde emissions from poplar multi-plywoods were significantly decreased with increased additions of ammonia, at

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23

Jumanto, Jumanto, Eugene Chung, Florence Hadi Soeroyo Oei, and Misbachul Munir Al Fattah. "Analysis Of Suffixed Words of Plywood Manufacturing Article." Diglossia: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesusastraan 15, no. 2 (2024): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/diglossia.v15i2.4456.

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The purpose of this research to find out and analyze suffix word of the manufacturing process. The primary goal of this research is to determine how the suffixing process occurs in the manufacturing plywood. Plywood stands as a foundational building material, comprising thin wood layers or plies bonded together with adhesive. It divides into two primary categories: softwood plywood and hardwood plywood, each aligning with specific tree species. Coniferous varieties, such as firs and pines, predominantly contribute to softwood plywood, while deciduous species, including oak, poplar, maple, cher

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Miao, Yanfeng, Sheng Pan, and Wei Xu. "Staple Holding Strength of Furniture Frame Joints Constructed of Plywood and Solid Wood." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122006.

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The withdrawal and lateral holding properties of three types of plywood with one stapled as well as one-row multi-stapled joints were studied and compared. The results show that variations in plywood density have a significant effect on withdrawal strength and a relatively small effect on lateral holding strength. At four staples, the withdrawal strength of the eucalyptus plywood with a density of 0.59 g/cm3 is 1821 N, which is 21% higher than that of poplar plywood with a density of 0.51 g/cm3 at 1498 N and 32% higher than that of eucalyptus/poplar composite plywood with a density of 0.53 g/c

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Wang, Yuanwu, Qiheng Tang, Xueqi Chen, et al. "Performance Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Fabric-Reinforced Formaldehyde-Free High-Strength Plywood." Polymers 16, no. 18 (2024): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16182637.

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Plywood is lightweight, strong, and durable, making it a widely used material in building decoration and furniture areas. In this study, formaldehyde-free, high-strength plywood was prepared through the incorporation of carbon fiber fabrics (CFFs) as reinforcement layers and their bonding with maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) films. Various tests were performed to assess the impact of the carbon fiber fabric positioning on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood, including tensile shear strength, flexural strength, water absorption, thickness swelling, and electro-thermal propert

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Rustiadini, Milania, and Tanti Novianti. "Comparison of Plywood Export Competitiveness of Indonesia and China in The Asean+3 Market and Its Influencing Factors." Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis 22, no. 1 (2025): 79. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.22.1.79.

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Background: Indonesia and China are the world's major exporters of plywood. ASEAN+3 is one of the plywood importing regions with a share of 20% so it is one of the plywood export destinations. Purpose: This has led to competition between the two countries in the plywood trade, especially the ASEAN+3 region. This study aims to analyze the comparison of Indonesia and China's plywood export competitiveness in the ASEAN+3 market and the factors that influence it. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses ten ASEAN+3 countries in the 2015-2022 period using the RCA, EPD, X-Model, and regression a

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Arief, Mochammad, Alkusani Alkusani, and Nur Cahyadi. "Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Disiplin Kerja Dan Punishment Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan PT. Sumber Mas Indah Plywood (Studi Kasus : PT. Sumber Mas Indah Plywood Kab. Gresik)." Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research 3, no. 6 (2023): 9519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v3i6.7680.

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Penelitian Studi Kasus : PT. Sumber Mas Indah Plywood Kab. Gresik. “Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Disiplin Kerja dan Punishment terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan PT. Sumber Mas Indah Plywood. PT. Sumber Mas Indah Plywood selalu memberikan keuntungan pada seluruh pelanggan dengan standar kualitas tinggi dari hasil produksi plywood, wood working, dan secondary process yang didukung sumber daya manusia yang kompeten dibidangnya, serta mesin-mesin berteknologi tinggi guna memperoleh produk yang berkualitas serta menjada efisiensi dan efektifitas kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaru

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Král, P., and P. Klímek. "Utilization of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood in plywood production using different processing pressures." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 12 (2014): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/54/2014-jfs.

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In this research the spruce plywood board and combined spruce-beech plywood board were prepared in laboratory conditions using two levels of processing pressure. The bending properties in perpendicular and longitudinal direction were measured and compressibility and density were specified. Considering the obtained results, there was found an overall increase of the bending properties in spruce plywood manufactured by the higher pressure and a decline of properties perpendicular to the grain in combined spruce-beech plywood board. On the other hand, combined spruce-beech plywood boards produced

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29

Dyrwal, Paweł, and Piotr Borysiuk. "Impact of phenol film grammage on selected mechanical properties of plywood." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 111 (September 30, 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6418.

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Impact of phenol film grammage on chosen mechanical properties of plywood. For the purpose of this research several plywood samples with a thickness of 15 mm were produced and coated, in industrial conditions, with 5 different variants of phenol films varying in terms of grammage (40/120 g/m2, 60/145 g/m2, 60/167 g/m2, 80/220 g/m2, 2 × 80/220 g/m2). Finished plywood was tested for abrasion resistance, MOR, MOE and density. It was concluded that higher grammage of phenol film increases wear resistance and final density of plywood. Plywood coated with two-layer phenol film with grammage of 80/22

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Dyrwal, Paweł, and Piotr Borysiuk. "Impact of phenol film grammage on selected mechanical properties of plywood." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 111 (September 30, 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6418.

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Impact of phenol film grammage on chosen mechanical properties of plywood. For the purpose of this research several plywood samples with a thickness of 15 mm were produced and coated, in industrial conditions, with 5 different variants of phenol films varying in terms of grammage (40/120 g/m2, 60/145 g/m2, 60/167 g/m2, 80/220 g/m2, 2 × 80/220 g/m2). Finished plywood was tested for abrasion resistance, MOR, MOE and density. It was concluded that higher grammage of phenol film increases wear resistance and final density of plywood. Plywood coated with two-layer phenol film with grammage of 80/22

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31

Rosli, Fauhan, Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, and Kamarudin Hussin. "A review: Characteristics of oil palm trunk (OPT) and quality improvement of palm trunk plywood by resin impregnation,”." BioResources 11, no. 2 (2016): 5565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.rosli.

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Due to the shortage of solid wood as a raw material of plywood and the abundance of oil palm trunk (OPT) waste in Malaysia, OPT has become one of the potential replacements for timber. However, OPT plywood has low performance compared with commercial plywood, due to the poor properties of OPT. There are many recent studies related to quality improvement using thermosetting impregnation, especially with formaldehyde-based resins such as urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF). Nevertheless, there are very limited studies related to palm trunk plywood using thermoplastic impregnation

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32

Rudzīte, Sanita, and Edgars Bukšāns. "Impact of High-pressure Impregnation and Fire Protective Coatings on the Reaction to Fire Performance of Birch Plywood." Rural Sustainability Research 45, no. 340 (2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2021-0008.

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Abstract Birch plywood has a wide range of applications for interior and exterior use. The demand for plywood with improved fire protection properties and good visual appearance is increasing year by year. The impregnation at high pressure of the whole plywood panels is one of the options to achieve it. The aim of this study was to develop good visual looking birch plywood product for interior design purposes as well evaluate different influencing factors to reaction to fire properties of fire-retardant treated birch plywood. This study consists of three parts. At the first stage, high pressur

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33

Yushchenko, E. V., and L. I. Belchinskaya. "Nanocomposite Binder in the Technology of Obtaining Ecological Laminated Wood Materials." Ecology and Industry of Russia 29, no. 4 (2025): 22–27. https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2025-4-22-27.

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The advantage of nanomodified urea-formaldehyde binder for production of ecological plywood nanocomposite is shown. The influence of binder and plywood processing types on the formaldehyde content in the nanocomposite was established. The environmental friendliness of the nanocomposite was evaluated by the formaldehyde content of plywood. The effect of crystalline nanocellulose and multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the environmental characteristics of nanocomposite plywood was confirmed: the formaldehyde content in plywood on ureaformaldehyde binder modified with nanocrystalline cellulose was fo

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Yushchenko, Ekaterina, Larisa Belchinskaya, and K. Zhuzhukin. "Nanocomposite eco-plywood: morphological, ecological, IR spectroscopic substantiation of obtaining." Forestry Engineering Journal 14, no. 3 (2025): 260–83. https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2024.3/15.

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The issue of environmental friendliness of plywood remains relevant in the modern woodworking industry. Nanomodification of wood slab materials is one of the promising methods for solving this problem. Optical, chemical and IR spectroscopic methods were used to investigate and substantiate the presence of characteristic features of the nanocomposite in the resulting composite material of plywood based on birch veneer (Betula pendula Roth) and carbamide-formaldehyde resin modified with nanocrystalline cellulose. The advantage of a urea–formaldehyde binder in comparison with a phenol-formaldehyd

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Qiu, Ying Ying, Cheng Li, Ji Zhing Zhang, Jin Xue Jiang, Shi Feng Zhang, and Jian Zhang Li. "Study of Amino Polymer Modified Soy Protein Adhesive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3165.

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For improving the bonding strength and water resistance of plywood bonded with soy protein adhesive (SPA), an amino polymer (AP) was synthesized using polyamines, and the AP was used to modify SPA to prepare a modified soy protein adhesive (MSPA) in this paper. The plywood was prepared using MSPA, and the effects of preparation technology of amino polymer and hot-pressing technology of plywood on the bonding strength of plywood were investigated. The results showed that the optimization preparation technologies of AP were as follow: the molar ratio of polyamine/modifying agents was 0.25/1, the

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Junaidi, Junaidi. "PERANAN INDUSTRI KAYU LAPIS TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA DAN PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN SIAK PROVINSI RIAU." Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan 11, no. 2 (2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v11i2.627.

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The plywood industry is an asset Siak district government, especially in terms of employment and as a source of income. The plywood industry in Siak absorb a workforce of about 13 169 inhabitants and about 82% of that amount is the local workforce. Plywood contribution to regional revenue of about 4 billion per year, accounted for about 0.8% of GDP Siak. The plywood industry in Siak an activity base with more than one value LQ (LQ = 1.16), thus the greater the activity of the plywood industry as a sector basis in these areas, the greater the flow of revenue to the district of Siak. &#x0D

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Šliseris, Jānis, and Kārlis Rocēns. "OPTIMIZATION OF MULTISPAN RIBBED PLYWOOD PLATE MACROSTRUCTURE FOR MULTIPLE LOAD CASES." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, no. 5 (2013): 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.799091.

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This paper discusses an optimized structural plate of plywood composite that consists of top and bottom plywood flanges and a core of plywood ribs. The objective function is structure's weight. Typical constrains – maximal stress criteria and maximal deformation criteria – are used. The optimization is done by Genetic Algorithm (GA), and optimization results are used to train Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network. The numerical simulation of plywood structure is done by using classical linear Kirchoff–Love theory of multilayer plate and Finite Element Method. As a result, an effective optimiz

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Furuta, Naoyuki, Hiroyuki Hashimoto, Yasushi Hirabayashi, and Takuro Hirai. "Development of Reconstituted Plywood Using Waste Concrete Form Plywood." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 57, no. 2 (2011): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.57.110.

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Susanto, Nugroho Noto, Mochammad Chaeron, and Sutrisno Sutrisno. "PENENTUAN HARGA PRODUK PLYWOOD MENGGUNAKAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SYSTEM." OPSI 10, no. 2 (2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/opsi.v10i2.2109.

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PT Mapan Wijaya adalah perusahaan yang memproduksi plywood. Plywood merupakan material papan yang tersusun dari beberapa lapis kayu melalui proses perekatan dan pemampatan tekanan tinggi. Harga pasar produk plywood sangat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku konsumen, jika daya konsumtif turun maka dapat terjadi penurunan harga pasar dan sebaliknya. PT. Mapan Wijaya dalam menentukan harga produk plywood hanya mengikuti keadaan harga pasar, tanpa mempertimbangkan informasi mengenai biaya produksi. Hal tersebut menyebabkan perusahaan tidak bisa mengetahui besarnya keuntungan secara pasti. Tujuan penelitian

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Supriadi, Achmad, Deazy Rachmi Trisatya, and Ignasia Maria Sulastiningsih. "Sifat Kayu Lapis yang Dibuat dari Lima Jenis Kayu Asal Riau." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 25, no. 4 (2020): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.25.4.657.

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The objective of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of plywood made of punak (Tetramerista glabra Miq.), meranti bunga (Shorea teysmanniana Dyer ex Brandis), mempisang (Alphonsea spp.), suntai (Palaqium burckii H.J.L.), and pasak linggo (Aglaia argentea Blume). Liquid urea formaldehyde (UF) was used as an adhesive. Data analysis was carried out using a completely randomized design. Results showed that the moisture content and density of plywood produced in this study were around 10.4-10.95% and 0.65 to 0.93 g/cm3, respectively. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) an

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Yushchenko, Ekaterina, Larisa Belchinskaya, K. Zhuzhukin, and Dmitriy Zhukalin. "Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and ultrasound modified urea-formaldehyde resins: advantages of using for the production of magnetically processed composite plywood." Forestry Engineering Journal 14, no. 3 (2025): 238–59. https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2024.3/14.

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The role of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a urea-formaldehyde binder modifier for the production of nanocomposite plywood has been investigated. Carbon nanotubes were introduced into the binder in an amount of 0.5 wt.%, 1.25 wt.% and 2 wt.%. The maximum effect is set at a content of 1.25 wt.% of the modifier in the resin: the tensile strength under static bending for modified plywood relative to unmodified increases by 58.1% (from 34.57 to 54.64), p<0.05, the tensile strength when chipping along the adhesive layer – by 80.3% (from 0.66 to 1.19), p<0.05. The environmental friendliness

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Feng, Ming Zhi, Rui Long Zhao, Na Lv, and Shuang Bao Zhang. "Constructional Bamboo Plywood Process Control and Production Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.728.

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Focusing on the problems of the bamboo plywood existing in the construction field, we have proposed an optimal process for the building bamboo plywood through controlling the preparation process of the bamboo plywood. In our work, moso bamboo was selected as the objective and then a variety of performances of the bamboo plywood were tested with the heat-up-heat-down process. Experiments show that in the same conditions of MC 10%, RC 7%-8%, the best optimum processes of 12mm thick constructional bamboo plywood is 15min pressing time, the pressing temperature between 155°C to 160°C and the sheet

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Ivanov, Ivelin, Tomasz Sadowski, Magdalena Filipiak, and Marcin Kneć. "Experimental and numerical investigation of plywood progressive failure in CT tests." Budownictwo i Architektura 2, no. 1 (2008): 079–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2313.

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The plywood is considered as a layered cross-ply unidirectional fibre reinforced composite. The experimental Compact Tension (CT) tests carried out in different directions of plywood fibre orientation show that the characteristics of damages are fibre bundle rupture, matrix cracking along the fibres, and delamination at the ply interlayers of glue. The plywood CT specimens are modelled by continuum shell and cohesive finite elements with damage evolution in material models. The Finite Element (FE) model simulates the experimental behaviour of plywood samples very well and allows deep investiga

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Wang, Ming Zhi, Ye Bi, Wen Jing Sun, Hai Ping Ji, and Li Li. "Synergistic Effect of Zeolite on Bonding Strength of Flame Retardant Plywood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.481.

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The construction industry has relied heavily on plywood for residential and commercial interior finish. In order to reduce the fire hazard caused by flammable plywood, it is necessary to treat plywood with flame retardant which leads to the reduction of bonding strength and limits the widely application of flame retardant plywood. The objective of this paper was to study the effect of 3A, 4A, 5A and 13X zeolite added into urea formaldehyde (UF) resin on the bonding strength and the LOI values of phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) flame retardant (FR) plywood. The results showed that zeolites added into

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Bekhta, Pavlo, Antonio Pizzi, Iryna Kusniak, Nataliya Bekhta, Orest Chernetskyi, and Arif Nuryawan. "A Comparative Study of Several Properties of Plywood Bonded with Virgin and Recycled LDPE Films." Materials 15, no. 14 (2022): 4942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144942.

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In this work, to better understand the bonding process of plastic plywood panels, the effects of recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE) film of three thicknesses (50, 100, and 150 µm) and veneers of four various wood species (beech, birch, hornbeam, and poplar) on the properties of panels were studied. The obtained properties were also compared with the properties of plywood panels bonded by virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. The results showed that properties of plywood samples bonded with rLDPE and virgin LDPE films differ insignificantly. Samples bonded with rLDPE film demonstr

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Ozturk, Hasan, Aydin Demir, Cenk Demirkir, and Gursel Colakoglu. "Effect of veneer drying process on some technological properties of polystyrene composite plywood panels." Drvna industrija 70, no. 4 (2019): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2019.1844.

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The aim of study was to determine the effect of veneer drying process on some technological properties of polystyrene composite plywood panels. For this reason, 2 mm-thick rotary cut veneers were obtained from beech (Fagus orientalis, Lipsky), Alder (Alnus glutinosa subsp. Barbata) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs. The veneers obtained from three different wood species were divided into two groups to produce polystyrene composite plywood (PCP) and traditional plywood. While PCP was produced both air dried (at 20 °C) and oven dried (at 110 °C), the veneer sheets for production of tradi

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Azwar, A., Abdul Arif Lubis, and Adi Saputra Ismi. "Kekuatan Bending Komposit Sandwich Plywood dan Polimer Serat Gelas." Malikussaleh Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/mjmst.v4i2.10889.

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Plywood dikenal sebagai bahan yang terbuat dari lembaran vinir kayu yang direkatkan bersama dengan susunan bersilangan tegak lurus dan digunakan secara luas dalam kehidupan. Sifat mekanik dan fisik dari plywood yang dijual secara umum dipasaran belum memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan sebagai bahan structural. Maka Rekayasa bahan plywood sebagai bahan structural keteknikan yang memenuhi persyaratan sifat mekanik dan sifat fisik merupakan wilayah rekayasa bahan yang prospektif untuk di kembangkan sebagaialternatif untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada jenis bahan tertentu. Dalam penelitian ini, dif

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Zhou, Lu Lu, Chun Rui Han, Shi Feng Zhang, Qiang Gao, Hong Yan Li, and Jian Zhang Li. "Preparation and Properties of Environmental Friendly Wood Adhesives Based on Wild Acorn Starch." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2834.

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A friendly environmental wood adhesive was prepared using wild acorn starch as a raw material. The physical properties of wild acorn starch were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and brookfield viscometer. The polyvinyl acetate emulsion and isocyanate were employed to prepared modified wild acorn starch adhesives. The plywoods were prepared using the adhesives and their bonding strength was measured. The experimental results showed that 1) the wild corn starch was adaptive for preparing adhesive; 2)the optimum preparing conditions of the modified wild acorn starch adhesive wer

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Ischenko, Tatyana, Tatyana Efimova, and Dmitry Grachev. "Justification of the choice of gluing mode for plywood from hardwoods." BIO Web of Conferences 145 (2024): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414503003.

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Plywood is a wood-based board material made of thin sheets of veneer. Plywood is the most demanded material in construction and industry not only in Russia, but also abroad. The sphere of its application is diverse: furniture, interior and decorative items, construction, packaging, beekeeping, aircraft and machine building, shipbuilding, arms industry, rocket building, manufacture of musical instruments, advertising industry. All researches conducted to date, both world and Russian scientists are aimed at finding ways to improve the strength characteristics of plywood, to develop a popular ran

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Yu, Yun Shui, Wei Hong Zhou, Xue Liu, and Xue Liang Xiong. "Research on Mechanical Properties of Bambusa Distegia Thread Plywood." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1394.

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Bambusa distegia were used to make bamboo thread plywood by the process of producing thread, dipping thread into glue, assembling pattern and pressing. Influence of hot pressing pressure on mechanical properties of bambusa distegia thread plywood was investigated, which was 2.0MPa，2.5MPa，3.0MPa，3.5MPa and 4.0MPa respectively. The results indicate that the modulus of rupture(MOR), modulus of elasticity(MOE), compressive strength(CS), and horizontal shear strength(HSS) increase with the increasing of hot pressing pressure. Mechanical properties of the Bambusa distegia thread plywood are higher t

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