Academic literature on the topic 'Pmr spectral studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pmr spectral studies"
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M., S. BHATIA, DEVI SUNITA, JINDAL RITU, and KAUR BHUPINDER. "Synthesis of Phosphorus-containing Heterocycles." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Val. 65, Apr 1988 (1988): 275–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035636.
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Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 <em>Manuscript received 2 December 1987, accepted 19 February 1988</em> Synthesis of six-, seven- and nine-membered ring compounds containing phosphorus and oxygen are reported and structures confirmed by pmr and mass spectral studies.
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Nitu and K. K. Verma. "Synthesis and Characterization of Some Group 12 Metal Complexes with Tellurium Containing 10-Membered Tetraazamacrocyclic Ligands." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (2011): 1158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/768192.
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A new series of 10-membered tellurium containing tetraazamacrocyclic complexes, [ML1Cl2], [ML2Cl2] and [ML3Cl2], where [M=Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II); L1, L2and L3=10-membered tellurium containing tetraazamacrocyclic ligands] have been prepared via the template condensation of ethylenediamine and diaryltellurium dichlorides, R2TeCl2, (R=p-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl,p-methoxyphenyl) in the presence of metal chlorides. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, infrared, electronic absorption and proton magnetic resonance spectral studies. IR and PMR spectra confirm the formation of 10-membered tetraazamacrocycle skeleton and their tetradentate nature. An octahedral geometry has been assigned to all the metal complexes on the basis of various physicochemical studies.
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G., P. POKHARIYAL. "Some Square Planar Complexes of Platinum(Il) with 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone and N-4-Methylphenylglyoxal Schiff Bases." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Jan 1985 (1985): 11–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6298830.
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Chemical Laboratories, M. M. College, Khekra-201 101 <em>Manuscript received 7 April 1982, revised 2 March 1984, accepted 8 November 1984</em> Tridenate Schiff bases, <em>N</em>-2,5-dihydroxyacetophenacylideneanthranilic acid (H<sub>3</sub> DAPA), <em>N</em>-2,5-dihydroxyacetophenacylidene-2,5-dichloroaniline (H<sub>2</sub>DAP DA), <em>N</em>-4-methylphenacylideneanthranilic acid (HMPAA) and <em>N</em>-4-methylphenacyli-dene-<em>o</em>-aminophenol (HMPAP) react with Pt<sup>II</sup>to give complexes of composition, (a) H<sup>+</sup> [Pt (C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>11</sub>NO<sub>4</sub>)Cl] [Pt(C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>10</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)Cl](2), [Pt (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>12</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>)Cl] (3), and [Pt(C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>12</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>)Cl](4). The complexes are characterised as four-coor­dinate square planar on the basis of analysis, molar conductance, magnetic, electro­nic, infrared and pmr spectral studies. All these complexes behave as non-electro­lytes with the exception of 1 which is shown to be uni-unielectrolytic nature.
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KRISHNA, C. JOSHI, JAIN RENUKA, and ARORA SEEMA. "Spiro Heterocycles. Part-VIII. Synthesis, Herbicidal and Fungicidal Activities of some New Fluorine-containing Spiro[3H-indole-3,4'(1'H)-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole]-5'-carbonitriles/carboxyethylesters." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 65, Apr 1988 (1988): 277–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035703.
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Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-304 004 <em>Manuscript received 23 November 1987, accepted 19 February 1988</em> A number of fluorinated spiro[3<em>H</em>-indole-3,4′(1′<em>H</em>)-pyrano[2,3-<em>c</em>]pyrazo]-5ʹ- carbonitriles/carboxyethylesters have been synthesised and tested for their herbicidal and fungicidal activities. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by ir, pmr and elemental analyses.
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M., KRISHNA PILLA Y., JEY ARAMAN R. та KRISHNA KUMAR R. "Formation of Nitrone from the Reaction Between α-Nitrosostyrene and o-Methylstyrene". Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 69, Jan 1992 (1992): 24–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5991558.
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Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli-620 024 <em>Manuscript received 6 September 1991, revised 6 December 1991, accepted 22 January 1992</em> 1-Pbenyl-5·(1-metbylphenyl)-t pyrrolin-1 oxide is obtained by the cycloaddit:on of α nitrosostyrene and o-methylstyrene The structure of the compound has been establisbed on the basis of pmr. cmr and mass spectral studies.
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M., A. QURAISHI, та N. DHAWAN S. "Synthesis and Mass Spectral Studies of Ketimines. Part-I. Fragmentation of some New α-( 1 ,3-Dioxoindan2-yl)ethylidene/ arylideneanilines under Electron Impact". Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, June 1989 (1989): 387–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5959588.
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Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 Department of Chemistry, University of Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra-132 119 <em>Manuscript received 26 October 1988, revised 27 January 1989, accepted 31 March 1989</em> Condensation of 2-acylindan-1,3-diones (1) with anilines afforded the corresponding anils (2a-j) which <em>were </em>characterised by elemental analyses and ir and pmr spectral data. Electron impact mass fragmentation of these anils is <em>reported.</em>
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R., N. VANSDADIA, P. RODA K. та PAREKH HANSA. "Studies on Arylacetamides. Part-II. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of p,p'-BIS( α:- carbamoylarylmethyl-hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy)diphenyl Sulphones". Journal Of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, Feb 1989 (1989): 110–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6302356.
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Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005 <em>Manuscript received 7 March 1988, revised 30 October 1988, accepted 2 November 1988</em> Some new arylacetamide derivatives hava been prepared bearing <em>p,p' -</em>dihydroxydiphenylsulphone moiety. <em>p,p'</em>-Bis(hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy)dipbenyl salpbone was condensed with different aldehydecyanohydrin to get the respective nitriles. Tbenitrites were then treated with concentrated sulphuric acid to get acetamide derivatives.The compounds were characterised by ir and pmr spectral data. The products were also screened for antimicrobial activity.
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R., N. VANSDADIA, P. RODA K., and PAREKH HANSA. "Studies on 4-Thiazolidinones Part-IX. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of p,p'-Bis(2-aryl-5H/ methyl- 4-thiazolidinon-3-ylmethoxy) diphenyl Sulphones." Journal Of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, Feb 1989 (1989): 113–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303078.
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Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005 <em>Manuscript received 4 January 1988, revised 18 Apra 1988, accepted 12 October 1988</em> some new 4-thiazolidinone derivatives have been prepared hearing p.p<em>'</em>-dihydroxy­diphenyl sulphone moiety. The Schiff bases from p,p<em>'</em>-bis(hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy)- diphenyl suiphone were condensed with thioglycolic and thiolactic acid and their structures established by ir and pmr spectral data. All the compounds show moderate antimicrobial activity.
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KRISHNA, C. JOSHI, JAIN RENUKA, GARG SAROJ, and ARORA SEEMA. "Studies in Spiroheterocycles. Part-XVIII. Synthesis and Antifertility Activity of New Fluorine containing 4',5'-Cycloalkyl-2' phenyl-spiro[3H-indole3,3'-[3H]pyrazol]-2(1H)-ones." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, Mar 1989 (1989): 176–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5948304.
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Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004 <em>Manuscript received 10 November 1988, accepted 6 January 1989</em> A series of new fluorine containing 4' ,5'-cycloalkyl-2'-phenyl-spiro[3<em>H</em>-indole-3,3'- [3<em>H</em>]pyrazol]-2(1H)-ones and their N-substituted derivatives have been synthesised and characterised by their elemental analyses, ir, pmr and mass spectral studies. Representative compounds have been screened for their anti-implantation activity.
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KRISHNA, C. JOSHI, JAIN RENUKA, and NISHITH SAROJ. "Spiro Heterocycles. Part-XIX. Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of some New Fluorine-containing Spiro[ 4H-1-benzo- pyran-4,3-[3H]-indole]-3- carbonitriles/carboxyethylesters." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 67, June 1990 (1990): 490–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6164686.
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Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004 <em>Manuscript received 16 January 1989, revised 28 November 1989, accepted 5 February 1990</em> A number of fluorinated spiro[4<em>H</em>-1-benzopyran-4,3'-[3<em>H</em>]indole]-3-carbonitriles/ carboxyethylesters have been synthesised and tested for their insecticidal activity against <em>Prodenja litura </em>and <em>Musca domestica</em>. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, ir, pmr and mass spectral studies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pmr spectral studies"
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Cossich, Marcial de Farias William <1987>. "Analysis of far-infrared (FIR) high spectral resolution data for cloud studies." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9487/1/Tesi_WilliamCossich.pdf.
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The Far-Infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) mission has recently been selected by the European Satellite Agency (ESA) as 9 th Earth Explorer mission. FORUM mission aims at studying the water vapor and clouds by filling the long-standing gap in Far-Infrared (FIR) spectral observations from space. In the framework of the FORUM mission, this thesis analyses FIR measurements to characterize the spectral signatures of radiance in presence of ice clouds. At this purpose, a cloud identification and classification code (named CIC) is implemented. CIC is an innovative machine learning algorithm, based on principal component analysis, able to perform cloud detection and scene multi-class classification. CIC is easily adaptable to different datasets and type of spectral sensors. It is firstly tested against a synthetic dataset comprising simulated measurements of the FORUM mission. Subsequently, CIC is applied to airborne interferometric data and finally it is used for the analysis of measured downwelling radiances collected in very dry conditions on the Antarctic Plateau. Provided the excellent performances of the algorithm, especially in the identification of thin cirrus clouds, CIC is adopted as the classificator in the official ESA FORUM End-to-End simulator (FE2ES). The FE2ES is a complex chain of codes used to simulate the entire FORUM mission from satellite orbit and geometry to level 2 product analysis. An extensive use of CIC is performed on ground-based radiances collected in Antarctica. The dataset is exploited to test and to optimize the CIC algorithm and for the developing of punctual statistic of cloud occurrence in the Antarctic Plateau. Meteorological conditions from this region are also analysed and correlated with the presence of clouds. The studies presented in this work showed the potentiality and the importance of the exploitation of spectral radiance measurements in the FIR for cloud identification and classification.
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Koubek, Jindrich. "Rovibrational study of DNO3 nu5 band and collisional effect studies of CH3F microwave spectra with and without Stark effect." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674500.
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The work presented in this thesis belongs to the domain of theoretical and experimental gas phase molecular spectroscopy. It consists of two parts dedicated to two relatively different aspects in this field. The first part presents a high resolution analysis of the ν5 fundamental band (NO2 in plane bending mode) positions and intensities of D14NO3 (deuterated nitric acid) in the 11 µm spectral region. For this study, we used an infrared spectrum of D14NO3 recorded in the 700−1400 cm−1 region on a Fourier transform spectrometer at Bergische Universität in Wuppertal (Germany). Our analysis demonstrates that the fundamental ν5 band centered at 887.657 cm−1 is strongly perturbed. Indeed, it proves that 5^1 and 7^1+9^1 energy levels of DNO3 are coupled through A and B type Coriolis resonances. The resonance scheme for the isotopologue D14NO3 therefore differs substantially from the schemes of H14NO3 and H15NO3 that feature dominantly Fermi type resonances. The second theme treated in this work is devoted to the lineshapes of pure rotational transitions of CH3F with the study of collisional broadening (collisions CH3F-CH3F and CH3F-He) of optical transitions and their Stark components. The microwave measurements were realised at ICT in Prague. Their analysis enabled to provide collisional parameters using various line profiles (Voigt, Rautian, Speed dependent) for the J, K → J + 1, K (K = 0, ..., J) transitions with J = 1 and J = 3 as well as for their various Stark components J, K, M → J + 1, K, M' (|M| = 0, ..., J ; |M − M'| = 0, 1). Moreover, a correct use of model based on Infinite Order Sudden approximation led to very satisfactory results of the observed line-mixing effects. The retrieved experimental results complete and extend the previous studies and provide the first successful demonstration of the ability of the IOS approximation to model line-mixing effects among Stark transitions
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Phung, Viet Tiep. "Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of astrophysically relevant molecular species, toward quantitative and high resolution studies using spectro-temporal properties of high finesse cavities." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS188/document.
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Le principal objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de développer de nouvelles techniques de spectroscopie moléculaire afin obtenir de nouvelles données spectroscopiques dans le visible et le proche infrarouge pour des molécules, radicaux ou ions d’intérêt astrophysiques. La première partie de ce travail a consisté en l’étude d’harmoniques élevés, très faibles en intensité, de bandes vibrationnelles de la molécule HC₃N (cyanoacetylène), par la technique de spectroscopie CRDS. La deuxième partie a consisté en l’étude spectroscopique d’espèces instables radicalaires. Pour cela, une décharge inductive Radio Fréquence a été couplée au montage CRDS. Le plasma ainsi créé a été caractérisé et sa capacité à produire des anions a été démontrée via notamment la mesure quantitative du rapport C₂ / C₂⁻pour une grande variété de conditions expérimentales. De même, une analyse spectroscopique quantitative a été menée sur les radicaux isotopomères ¹⁴NH₂ et ¹⁵NH₂. Cette étude valide certaines hypothèses faites dans de précédents travaux ayant permis de mesurer le rapport isotopique ¹⁵N/¹⁴N dans les comètes, pour la première fois à partir de raies d’émission de ces 2 isotopomères portant un groupe amino. La troisième et dernière partie de ce travail a consisté en le développement d’une nouvelle technique expérimentale appelée Broad-Band Dual Etalon Frequency COMb. Cette technique expérimentale basée sur l’utilisation de 2 cavités optiques de haute finesse devrait permettre d’obtenir une spectroscopie avec une résolution spectrale ultime non limitée par la source laser nanoseconde large bande mais par l’intervalle spectral libre des cavités de haute finesse utilisées<br>The main objective of this PhD was to develop spectroscopic techniques using high finesse optical cavities. These were applied to the measurement of quantitative spectroscopic data for neutral, radical and ionic molecular species of astrophysical interest in the near infrared and visible spectral range. The first part was devoted to the measurement of the oscillator strength of high vibrational overtone bands of the cyanoacetylene (HC₃N) molecule with the Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The second part was devoted to the study of the spectroscopy of transient neutral and ionic species. For that, an inductively radio frequency (RF) discharged has been coupled to the CRDS set up. The pertinence of this plasma to efficiently produce anions was demonstrated via the quantitative measurement of the C₂ / C₂⁻ ratio in a wide variety of conditions. A quantitative spectral analysis of the radical isotopomers ¹⁴NH₂ and ¹⁵NH₂ was also performed for the first time. This study provides experimental data that will allow to better constraint the ¹⁵N/¹⁴N isotopic ratio in comets through the emission lines of these two amino bearing isotopomers. The third and last part of the work was devoted to the development of a CRDS scheme called Broad Band Dual Etalon Frequency Comb Ring Down Spectroscopy. This new heterodyne technique, based on the use of the microsecond frequency combs generated by two high finesse optical cavities, should allow performing molecular spectroscopy with ultrahigh spectral resolution. First proof experiments were performed and perspective’s for improvement of the method is provided
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Martin, Adrien. "Analyse des mesures radiométriques en bande-L au-dessus de l'océan : Campagnes CAROLS." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850877.
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Un regain d'intérêt pour la télédétection de la salinité de surface de l'océan (SSS) par radiométrie en bande-L (21cm) est apparu dans les années 1990 et a conduit au lancement des missions spatiales SMOS (nov. 2009) et Aquarius (juin 2011). Cependant, en raison du faible rapport signal sur bruit, l'inversion de la SSS à partir des mesures radiométriques en bande-L est très difficile. Ce travail porte sur l'étude de la signature radiométrique en bande-L des propriétés de la surface de l'océan (en particulier SSS et rugosité) à partir des mesures du radiomètre aéroporté en bande-L CAROLS, acquises dans le golfe de Gascogne en 2009 et 2010. Une première étude a montré que la SSS déduite des mesures du radiomètre CAROLS était précise à mieux que 0.3 pss dans une zone de forte variabilité spatio-temporelle avec une meilleure précision que les modèles océanographiques côtiers. La seconde étude qui combine les mesures passives (CAROLS) et active (diffusiomètre en bande-C STORM) a mis en évidence l'amélioration des nouveaux modèles de rugosité par rapport aux modèles pré-lancement satellitaires. Par ailleurs, l'étude a montré l'importance de la prise en compte des moyennes et grandes échelles de rugosité (> 20 cm) pour l'interprétation des mesures radiomé- triques loin du nadir.
Books on the topic "Pmr spectral studies"
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Douglas, Susan Louise. Children's Play, Pretence, and Story: Studies in Culture, Context, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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Nedeljkovic, Maja, Richard Moulding, Elham Foroughi, Michael Kyrios, and Guy Doron. Cultural Issues in Understanding and Treating Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0102.
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This chapter discusses the cross-cultural understanding of the obsessive compulsive and spectrum disorders. Epidemiological studies suggest a reasonably consistent prevalence of OCD around the world. The role of other culturally influenced factors in the presentation of OCD is also considered (i.e., religiosity, superstition, and beliefs), with religion considered particularly important in the presentation of OCD, although not in its prevalence per se. Treatment effect sizes across countries and within minority cultures from Western countries are outlined. The influence of cultural factors on help-seeking behaviors, assessment, misdiagnosis, and treatment are considered. Limitations of the literature base are discussed, particularly the lack of non-Western studies of treatment effects, and the low evidence base for the spectrum disorders.
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Children's Play, Pretence, and Story: Studies in Culture, Context, and ASD. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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Polonsky, Antony. Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 14. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774693.001.0001.
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The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, created in 1569, covered a wide spectrum of faiths and languages. The nobility, who were the main focus of Polishness, were predominantly Catholic; the peasantry included Catholics, Protestants, and members of the Orthodox faith, while nearly half the urban population, and some 10 per cent of the total population, was Jewish. The partition of Poland at the end of the eighteenth century and the subsequent struggle to regain Polish independence raised the question of what the boundaries of a future state should be, and who qualified as a Pole. The partitioning powers were determined to hold on to the areas they had annexed: Prussia tried to strengthen the German element in Poland; the Habsburgs encouraged the development of a Ukrainian consciousness in Austrian Galicia to act as a counterweight to the dominant Polish nobility; and Russia, while allowing the Kingdom of Poland to enjoy substantial autonomy, treated the remaining areas it had annexed as part of the tsarist monarchy. When Poland became independent after the First World War, more than a third of its population were thus Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans, Jews, and Lithuanians, many of whom had been influenced by nationalist movements. The core chapters in the book focus especially on the triangular relationship between Poles, Jews, and Germans in western Poland, and between the different national groups in what are today Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. In addition, the New Views section investigates aspects of Jewish life in pre-partition Poland and in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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Sklar, Larry A., ed. Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.001.0001.
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Flow cytometry is a sensitive and quantitative platform for the measurement of particle fluorescence. In flow cytometry, the particles in a sample flow in single file through a focused laser beam at rates of hundreds to thousands of particles per second. During the time each particle is in the laser beam, on the order of ten microseconds, one or more fluorescent dyes associated with that particle are excited. The fluorescence emitted from each particle is collected through a microscope objective, spectrally filtered, and detected with photomultiplier tubes. Flow cytometry is uniquely capable of the precise and quantitative molecular analysis of genomic sequence information, interactions between purified biomolecules and cellular function. Combined with automated sample handling for increased sample throughput, these features make flow cytometry a versatile platform with applications at many stages of drug discovery. Traditionally, the particles studied are cells, especially blood cells; flow cytometry is used extensively in immunology. This volume shows how flow cytometry is integrated into modern biotechnology, dealing with issues of throughput, content, sensitivity, and high throughput informatics with applications in genomics, proteomics and protein-protein interactions, drug discovery, vaccine development, plant and reproductive biology, pharmacology and toxicology, cell-cell interactions and protein engineering.
Book chapters on the topic "Pmr spectral studies"
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Yao, Wei, and Jianwei Wu. "Airborne LiDAR for Detection and Characterization of Urban Objects and Traffic Dynamics." In Urban Informatics. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_22.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we present an advanced machine learning strategy to detect objects and characterize traffic dynamics in complex urban areas by airborne LiDAR. Both static and dynamical properties of large-scale urban areas can be characterized in a highly automatic way. First, LiDAR point clouds are colorized by co-registration with images if available. After that, all data points are grid-fitted into the raster format in order to facilitate acquiring spatial context information per-pixel or per-point. Then, various spatial-statistical and spectral features can be extracted using a cuboid volumetric neighborhood. The most important features highlighted by the feature-relevance assessment, such as LiDAR intensity, NDVI, and planarity or covariance-based features, are selected to span the feature space for the AdaBoost classifier. Classification results as labeled points or pixels are acquired based on pre-selected training data for the objects of building, tree, vehicle, and natural ground. Based on the urban classification results, traffic-related vehicle motion can further be indicated and determined by analyzing and inverting the motion artifact model pertinent to airborne LiDAR. The performance of the developed strategy towards detecting various urban objects is extensively evaluated using both public ISPRS benchmarks and peculiar experimental datasets, which were acquired across European and Canadian downtown areas. Both semantic and geometric criteria are used to assess the experimental results at both per-pixel and per-object levels. In the datasets of typical city areas requiring co-registration of imagery and LiDAR point clouds a priori, the AdaBoost classifier achieves a detection accuracy of up to 90% for buildings, up to 72% for trees, and up to 80% for natural ground, while a low and robust false-positive rate is observed for all the test sites regardless of object class to be evaluated. Both theoretical and simulated studies for performance analysis show that the velocity estimation of fast-moving vehicles is promising and accurate, whereas slow-moving ones are hard to distinguish and yet estimated with acceptable velocity accuracy. Moreover, the point density of ALS data tends to be related to system performance. The velocity can be estimated with high accuracy for nearly all possible observation geometries except for those vehicles moving in or (quasi-)along the track. By comparative performance analysis of the test sites, the performance and consistent reliability of the developed strategy for the detection and characterization of urban objects and traffic dynamics from airborne LiDAR data based on selected features was validated and achieved.
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Schenke, Simone A., Daniel Groener, Michael Grunert, and Alexander R. Stahl. "Integrated Thyroid Imaging: Ultrasound and Scintigraphy." In Integrated Diagnostics and Theranostics of Thyroid Diseases. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35213-3_4.
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AbstractThyroid sonography has made substantial progress over the last decades in terms of spatial resolution and additional parameters including vascularity, perfusion, and elasticity of lesions. The improved depictability of thyroid nodules has led to a more detailed sonographic characterization of malignant thyroid nodules considering features like microcalcification, capsular invasion, and reduced elasticity. Thus, ultrasound (US) has become the most important single tool for risk assessment of thyroid nodules. Predominantly cystic and spongiform nodules as well as many nodules with a mixed composition of solid and cystic components can safely be identified as benign on ultrasound and need no further work-up for risk assessment. Predominantly solid nodules, however, require a structured and consistent sonographic assessment including the evaluation of nodule composition, echogenicity, calcifications, shape, margins, and additional sonographic parameters. One should adhere to one of the TIRADS when reporting ultrasound findings on thyroid nodules categorizing each nodule to a certain risk class. However, the risk of malignancy reported in studies for each class may not be readily transferrable to daily routine, since the prevalence of malignant nodules in tertiary care centers is as high as 20% whereas in primary care units the prevalence may be as low as 1 per mille, thus lowering positive predictive values by one to two orders of magnitude. In addition, some suspicious features found in those studies may not be directly transferable to daily practice: microcalcifications are often difficult to discern from benign colloidal spots, even after having run through learning sessions; a taller-than-wide shape of nodules with contact to the dorsal parts of the thyroid gland does not imply malignancy according to a pole concept which has been recently developed.Thyroid scintigraphy (TS) has long been an indispensable modality for functional characterization of thyroid nodules. It should be applied to rule out malignancy in a substantial proportion of predominantly solid nodules by showing a hyperfunctioning (“hot”) nodule. Such nodules are almost always benign with few exceptions (e.g., “trapping only” nodules). If laboratory findings and scintigraphic appearance of a hot nodule do not match, further diagnostic work-up is warranted including 123I− scintigraphy with late imaging at 24 h and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). In settings with a rather low prevalence of malignant thyroid nodules such as in primary or secondary care units, a combined use of US and TS may be adopted to rule in suspicious nodules for further work-up by FNAC, including predominantly solid hypofunctioning (“cold”) nodules. MIBI scintigraphy can be used in hypofunctioning nodules with indeterminate cytology and if contraindications preclude patients from FNAC.TS is a valuable tool to detect functional abnormalities not only in nodules but also in the thyroid gland as a whole by assessing the overall radionuclide uptake. As such, it has long been used to confirm the diagnosis of Graves’ disease and thyroid autonomy. For disseminated autonomy, it is the only tool to definitely verify the diagnosis. In destructive thyroiditis, TS reliably shows a reduced overall radionuclide uptake justifying its application in selected cases with doubtful sonographic or laboratory findings. The user of TS is encouraged to calculate a site-specific normal range for the uptake value normalized to TSH in addition to the raw uptake. Thus, even subtle functional disorders of the thyroid can be detected and graded.Functional or metabolic imaging is increasingly combined with morphological imaging and is acquired and displayed as volume data rather than planar images including SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MRI. These combined modalities increase the restricted morphological field of view from ultrasound enabling to reliably image substernal, ectopic, or dystopic localizations of thyroid tissue. Combined modalities also benefit from the increasing spectrum of functional or metabolic tracers including MIBI, iodine isotopes (e.g., 124I-) and newer PET tracers.
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"Optimization of Parameters for Optimal Performance." In Optical Transmission and Networks for Next Generation Internet Traffic Highways. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6575-0.ch011.
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The impact of the signal pulse width and the optical filter bandwidth on the performance of both RZ and NRZ On-Off Keying (OOK) Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM)-Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems are studied in this chapter. Using polynomial fitting, an approximated expression for the optimal signal pulse duty cycle as a function of the spectral density SD and Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) is provided. Further, it is found that the bit rate per WDM channel does not affect the optimum signal pulse duty cycle. As the spectral density SD increases, DCopt increases, reducing the signal spectral width to compensate for the reduced the WDM channel frequency spacing ?f. For increasing OSNR, DCopt increases slightly, especially at higher SD. The authors found that ideal NRZ performs better than optimized RZ at high SD but worse at low SD.
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Robertson, Mary M., and Andrea E. Cavanna. "How common is Tourette syndrome?" In Tourette Syndrome. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199298198.003.0003.
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Abstract Until very recently TS was considered to be extremely rare. Reviews of more than a dozen large recent studies suggest that TS affects 1 per cent of young people aged between 5 and 18 years in normal mainstream schools, many of whom will not have been diagnosed. TS is much more common in people with learning difficulties, people with emotional and behavioural difficulties, people who require special education, and people with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs), i.e. people with autism and Asperger’s syndrome. Tics affect 7–28 per cent of young people.
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Bouayed Abdelmoula, Nouha, Samir Aloulou, Sonda Kammoun, et al. "PCR assay using 22q11.2 highly polymorphic markers for exclusion of 22q microdeletion: Technical optimization and application in North Africa." In Advances in Genetic Polymorphisms [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002331.
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22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genomic disorder with a broader clinical and genetic spectrum. To exclude the presence of 22q11.2 microdeletion, we optimize a PCR-RFLP analysis of three SNP located in the typically proximal 22q11.21 deleted region of 1.5 Mb. PCR reactions, optimized with a Touch-Down program, were performed using three pairs of primers. The amplicons were cleaved by three restrictive enzymes: HaeIII, CviAII, and BsrI applied respectively, for rs4819523, rs4680, and rs5748411. The efficiency of this PCR RFLP assay was confirmed in the light of its application in a small cohort of 10 Tunisian patients, having a congenital heart defect and a known status of 22q11 deletion by FISH and MLPA. The principle of the proximal 22q11.2 microdeletion, applied with exclusion technique seems to be interesting but further population studies for the determination of the heterozygosity rate of the polymorphic 22q11 region markers are needed, particularly in North Africa.
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D’yachenko, A. T., and I. A. Mitropolsky. "Non-equilibrium Equation of State in the Approximation of the Local Density Functional and Its Application to the Emission of High-Energy Particles in Collisions of Heavy Ions." In Density Functional Theory Calculations. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92247.
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The non-equilibrium equation of state is found in the approximation of the functional on the local density, and its application to the description of the emission of protons and pions in heavy ion collisions is considered. The non-equilibrium equation of state is studied in the context of the hydrodynamic approach. The compression stage, the expansion stage, and the freeze-out stage of the hot spot formed during the collisions of heavy ions are considered. The energy spectra of protons and subthreshold pions produced in collisions of heavy ions are calculated with inclusion of the nuclear viscosity effects and compared with experimental data for various combinations of colliding nuclei with energies of several tens of MeV per nucleon.
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Galashev A.Y. "Molecular dynamics calculation of infra-red spectra of ultra-dispersed atmospheric moisture." In Atomic and Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Theory, Experiment and Computation. IOS Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-742-0-208.
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The absorption and scattering of IR radiation by aqueous ultradisperse systems that absorb nitrogen, oxygen, or argon are studied with the molecular dynamics method on the basis of a flexible molecule model. After nitrogen or argon is captured by an aqueous disperse system, the absorption of the IR radiation by this system increases owing to the enhancement of intramolecular vibrations. It is demonstrated that the integral intensity of absorption of IR radiation decays after water clusters adsorb oxygen. As the nitrogen concentration in a system of water clusters rises, the power of IR radiation emitted by the system increases significantly. The attachment of molecular oxygen by clusters leads to decay of the power of their IR radiation, while the capture of atomic oxygen, on the contrary, is accompanied by an increase in the rate of dissipation of energy accumulated by water aggregates. The power of radiation generated by cluster systems at the expense of thermal energy increases considerably when there is one adsorbed argon atom per cluster and decreases with a twofold increase in the number of argon atoms in clusters.
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Tantar Emilia, Tantar Alexandru-Adrian, Melab Nouredine, and Talbi El-Ghazali. "Landscape Analysis in Adaptive Metaheuristics for Grid Computing." In Advances in Parallel Computing. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-004-9-313.
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An ensemble of local search algorithms are discussed and analyzed, having different initial landscape perspectives as starting point - the conformational sampling problem is considered as a case study. Grid enabled hierarchical and multistage distributed evolutionary algorithms have been addressed in previous studies, combining complementary techniques and relying on different coordination models. For algorithmic constructions following the aforementioned outlines, the per se exploration results in an emergent behavior of the system. Nevertheless, in order to encompass a large spectrum of exploration characteristics and to harness the complete power of the combined techniques, landscape analysis has to be employed for guiding the exploration process. Due to the high complexity of real-life applications, landscape analysis represents a foreword measure in this direction, providing the means for adapting the exploration process as determined by the search landscape structure.
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Perry, Mary Jane. "Measurements of Phytoplankton Absorption Other Than Per Unit of Chlorophyll a." In Ocean Optics. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195068436.003.0010.
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Phytoplankton plays a critical role in determining light fields of the world’s oceans, primarily through absorption of light by photosynthetic pigments (see Chapters 1 to 5). Consequently there has been considerable interest from optical researchers in determining phytoplankton absorption. Conversely, from the biological point of view, this absorption assumes paramount importance because it is the sole source of energy for photosynthesis and thus should be central to direct estimates of primary production. There are two logical parts in determining this effect of phytoplankton and in estimating primary production. One is the estimation of abundance, and the other is estimation of specific effect or specific production rate. The earliest estimates of phytoplankton abundance were based on cell counts. From the time of Francis A. Richards’ Ph.D. dissertation, however, measurement of chlorophyll a concentration per unit of water volume, because of its relative ease, has assumed a central role in abundance estimation. Physiological studies and technological advances in optical instrumentation over the last decade lead me to question whether the continued use of chlorophyll a concentration to estimate phytoplankton abundance was wise either from the viewpoint of narrowing confidence intervals on estimates of absorption and production or from the viewpoint of mechanistic understanding of the processes involved. The measurement of chlorophyll a has become such a routine tool of biological oceanography, however, that the reasons for my heresy require elaboration. Some of the reasons are not too subtle. Chlorophyll a exists with other photosynthetic pigments in organized arrays associated with photosynthetic membranes. The function of these arrays is to harvest photons and transfer their energy to the specialized reaction center complexes that mediate photochemistry (see Chapter 9). The size of the arrays or packages and the ratio of chlorophyll a molecules to other light-harvesting pigments within the packages vary with phytoplankton cell size, total irradiance and its spectral distribution, as well as with other environmental parameters. It is well known that dark-adapted (= light-limited) cells increase their complements of photopigments. This plasticity in pigment packaging is evidenced in the variability of chlorophyll a-specific absorption coefficients. Simple optical models based only on chlorophyll a concentrations cannot be accurate or precise unless the effects of pigment packaging are considered.
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Frąckowiak Wojciech, Bruchwald Oliver, Reimche Wilfried, Bach Friedrich-Wilhelm, and Jürgen Maier Hans. "High Frequency Eddy-Current and Induction Thermography Inspection Techniques for Turbine Components." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-407-7-226.
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Conventional non-destructive eddy-current testing and induction-based thermographic techniques do not allow for the characterization and evaluation of a turbine blade's substrate material and the thin corrosion protective layer (20...50 &mu;m) separately, because of the low electrical conductivity of 0.5&ndash;1.5 MS/m and the relatively large eddy-current penetration depth at standard testing frequencies. Using testing frequencies in the megahertz range limits the inductively excited volume to the near-subsurface region and enables the layer and substrate materials to be individually studied. Within the Collaborative Research Centre 871, novel high frequency, non-destructive eddy-current and induction thermography inspection techniques are being developed and used for material characterization and damage detection in turbine blades [1], [2]. Experiments were carried out using high-pressure turbine blades of the first and second stage made of Ren&eacute; 142 and PWA 1426 with metallic PtAl-, MCrAlY-, and ceramic (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings. The high-frequency eddy-current inspection technology with test frequencies in the megahertz range up to 100 MHz reduces the standard penetration depth to less than 50 &mu;m. This allows for the detection of local damages and defects, as well as the characterization of the materials' condition separately from the substrate material with emphasis on the condition of the thin PtAl- and MCrAlY-coatings. Delamination and chemical changes in the coating such as oxidation or sulfidation lead to altered local electrical conductivities and magnetic properties and can be identified by using high frequency, eddy-current testing techniques while the lift-off effect is simultaneously used to measure the thermal barrier's coating thickness. The high frequency induction thermography inspection technology with pulsed excitation up to 3 MHz focuses on fast and sensitive detection of the surface and near subsurface damages in the turbine blade's coating and the substrate material. The relevant surface defects are distinguished from other microstructural imperfections as well as from changes of infrared spectral emissivity due to surface impurities and geometric effects by using a series of sequential excitation pulses followed by a pixel-wise analysis of the thermal response in the component with respect to the excitation. With this multiscale approach the inspection time and resolution can be varied by using exchangeable infrared optics with various focal lengths. Global component inspection can be achieved with a wide angle lens, which is suitable for fast detection of larger damages (&gt;1 mm2) such as cracks, chipping, spalling and delamination of the coating. The evaluation of micro-damage occurs subsequently on a local scale with a higher resolution macro lens scan and a resolution of up to 15 &mu;m/px, but longer measurement time per surface area.
Conference papers on the topic "Pmr spectral studies"
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Du, Min, and Bin Jiang Jing Zhang. "Study on Inhibition Behavior of Dissymmetric BIS-Quaternary Ammonium with Imidazoline Ring." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10150.
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Abstract Dissymmetric bis-quaternary ammonium with imidazoline ring was studied for inhibition behavior in 1.0 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature by mass loss, potentio-dynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result of mass loss indicated that the inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in inhibitor concentration and was over 98 % with the addition of 50 mg·L-1 inhibitor. Polarization data showed that the compound acted as a cathodic inhibitor for Q235 steel by changing the OCP to more negative value and changing the anodic reaction progress in 1.0 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution according to the double of ba. EIS results showed that the associated values of the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations and immersing time whereas the associated values of double layer capacitance (Cdl) decreased. These changes in the impedance parameters (Rct and Cdl) were indicative of adsorption of the compound on Q235 steel surface leading to the formation of a protective film. The relationship between molecular structure of the compound and the inhibition efficiency was investigated by PM6 quantum chemistry calculation. The correlations and theoretical conclusions were in good harmony with the experimental results.
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Ionin, A. A., A. A. Kotkov, A. K. Kurnosov, A. P. Napartovich, and L. V. Seleznev. "Intracavity phase conjugation in active medium of frequency selective pulsed CO laser." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwo6.
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Energetic, temporal and spectral characteristics of the phase conjugation (PC) process at intracavity degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) of frequency selective pulsed ebeam controlled discharge (EBCD) CO laser radiation are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Laser gas mixture CO:N2:He=1:4:5, gas density 0.3 Amagat, gas temperature 120-140 K, interaction angle ~10 mrad at DFWM without optical delay between probe wave E3 and co-propagating pumping one E1, active medium length 1.2 m, laser resonator length 17.7 m. PC reflectivity (PCR) on energy was ~1%, being independent of specific input energy. The dependencies of PCR on pressure had quite different behavior for different selected spectral lines. An influence of the neighboring vibrational band lasing on PCR for the spectral line under the investigation is demonstrated (Tab.l), PCR decreasing at switching on neighboring line lasing.
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Tolbert, M. A., M. Spencer, and M. J. Rossi. "Multiphoton dissociation of tetramethyl dloxetane at high densities: studies of chemiluminescence from solid-phase samples." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wb8.
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The temporal and spectral characteristics of a detonating crystalline sample of tetramethyl dioxetane (TMDX) are studied after multiphoton excitation with single laser shots from a CO2 TEA laser at 10.25 μm. Time-dependent studies indicate that the emission consists of two components, which contribute almost equally to the total number of emitted photons. A fast emission rises after the laser pulse with an incubation period of ~1 μs and decays in ~500 ns. A slow component appears at a delay of ~10 μs and has a lifetime of ~100 μs. The temporal profile of the emission is strongly dependent on the initial laser power. The incubation period of the fast component decreases with increasing laser power at a rate of 1.6 μs per 1-J/cm2 laser fluence. Furthermore, a larger proportion of the molecules are contained in the fast component as the laser power is increased. These results indicate that the intense short-lived emission is only possible when a large initial population of excited TMDX is created. The spectral profile of the emission resulting from solid TMDX at short times is remarkably narrow with a FWHM of 40 nm peaking at 440 nm. This is in contrast to gas-phase acetone phosphorescence (λmax = 460 nm) and fluorescence (λmax = 405 nm), which each have a FWHM of ~120 nm. Based on the time scale and the narrow spectral width, we tentatively assign the fast component of the emission to an excited singlet species in the solid TMDX sample.
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Aaqib, Muhammad. "Site amplification using 1D seismic site response analysis in Islamabad: An application of building code of Pakistan 2021." In Civil and Environmental Engineering for Resilient, Smart and Sustainable Solutions. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903414-8.
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Abstract. This study investigates the site amplification factors in Islamabad, Pakistan, as per seismic regulations of a newly enacted Building Code of Pakistan (BCP, 2021). Using a series of 1D non-linear site response analyses, the study evaluates these factors for the Islamabad region. Nineteen representative profiles were selected from a dataset of 125 site profiles, classified according to the Code. The representative profiles were subjected to a combination of thirteen ground motions that are compatible with site class B of the BCP, 2021, and 1D nonlinear seismic site response analyses were performed. Calculated response spectra and amplification factors are compared with design estimates provided by the code spectra. The study finds that while the Code-based design spectrum aligns with the current study’s findings for periods greater than 0.5 seconds, it underpredicts the response for shorter periods for both SC and SD site classes. These findings highlight the need for a more refined approach in the seismic provisions for Islamabad to ensure accurate seismic hazard assessments and improved earthquake safety.
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You, J., X. Tang, F. Zhang, et al. "Quantitative studies on the microstructures of ternary CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses, melts and correlation with their high-temperature viscosities." In 12th International Conference of Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (MOLTEN 2024) Proceedings. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62053/lnvg1782.
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Microstructure of CaO-SiO2-based glassy samples with various Al2O3 contents were examined quantitatively by Raman spectroscopy and 27Al MAS NMR (magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance). Sequence of multiple cluster models of aluminosilicate system modified with Ca2+ and Na+ cations have been designed, and Raman spectra simulation were carried out after geometric optimisation by quantum chemistry (QC) ab initio calculation. The functional relationship between Raman scattering cross-section (RSCS) and stress index of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SIT) for aluminosilicates was established, which was applied to the calibration of experimental Raman spectra. Some five-fold coordinated aluminium (AlV, around 5 per cent) and less than 2 per cent six-fold coordinated aluminium (AlVI) were detected by 27Al MAS NMR, while most of aluminium remained in tetrahedral sites (AlIV). The hyperfine quantitative results of Raman spectroscopy and NMR showed a gradually production of AlIV with addition of Al2O3, along with the significant adjustment of Qi species distribution, in which Q1, Q2 reduced and fully polymerised Q4 increased while Q3 showed a non-monotonic variation and obtained the maximum at Al2O3 = 18 mol per cent. Furthermore, the effects of aluminium to bridging oxygen bond types (T-Ob, T = Si, Al) and the degree of polymerisation were also discussed in detail. The evolution of microstructure and its correlation with the viscosity of CaO-SiO2 based melts, incorporating various Al2O3 additives, have been investigated by employing in situ high temperature Raman spectroscopy at 1823 K and viscosity model. These structural features related to composition are essential theoretic foundation to understand their properties. The average Qi evolution culminates in an overall enhancement of the degree of polymerisation. Viscosity was determined utilising a rigorously selected viscosity model, elucidating a consistent upward trajectory as Al2O3 content is incrementally added. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the relationship between viscosity and structure was conducted based on the average number of non-bridging oxygen per network-forming tetrahedron (NBO/T). It provides valuable insights for examining and predicting viscosity behaviour of aluminosilicate systems.
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Antoine Moinnereau, Marc, Tiago Henrique Falk, and Alcyr Alves De Oliveira. "Measuring Human Influential Factors During VR Gaming at Home: Towards Optimized Per-User Gaming Experiences." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002056.
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It is known that human influential factors (HIFs, e.g., sense of presence/immersion; attention, stress, and engagement levels; fun factors) play a crucial role in the gamer’s perceived immersive media experience [1]. To this end, recent research has explored the use of affective brain-/body-computer interfaces to monitor such factors [2, 3]. Typically, studies have been conducted in laboratory settings and have relied on research-grade neurophysiological sensors. Transferring the obtained knowledge to everyday settings, however, is not straightforward, especially since it requires cumbersome and long preparation times (e.g., placing electroencephalography caps, gel, test impedances) which could be overwhelming for gamers. To overcome this limitation, we have recently developed an instrumented “plug-and-play” virtual reality head-mounted display (termed iHMD) [4] which directly embeds a number of dry ExG sensors (electroencephalography, EEG; electrocardiography, ECG; electromyography, EMG; and electrooculography, EoG) into the HMD. A portable bioamplifier is used to collect, stream, and/or store the biosignals in real-time. Moreover, a software suite has been developed to automatically measure signal quality [5], enhance the biosignals [6, 7, 8], infer breathing rate from the ECG [9], and extract relevant HIFs from the post-processed signals [3, 10, 11]. More recently, we have also developed companion software to allow for use and monitoring of the device at the gamer’s home with minimal experimental supervision, hence exploring its potential use truly “in the wild”. The iHMD, VR controllers, and a laptop, along with a copy of the Half-Life: Alyx videogame, were dropped off at the homes of 10 gamers who consented to participate in the study. All public health COVID-19 protocols were followed, including sanitizing the iHMD in a UV-C light chamber and with sanitizing wipes 48h prior to dropping the equipment off. Instructions on how to set up the equipment and the game, as well as a google form with a multi-part questionnaire [12] to be answered after the game were provided via videoconference. The researcher remained available remotely in case any participant questions arose, but otherwise, interventions were minimal. Participants were asked to play the game for around one hour and none of the participants reported cybersickness. This paper details the obtained results from this study and shows the potential of measuring HIFs from ExG signals collected “in the wild,” as well as their use in remote gaming experience monitoring. In particular, we will show the potential of measuring gamer engagement and sense of presence from the collected signals and their influence on overall experience. The next steps will be to use these signals and inferred HIFs to adjust the game in real-time, thus maximizing the experience for each individual gamer.References[1] Perkis, A., et al, 2020. QUALINET white paper on definitions of immersive media experience (IMEx). arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.07032.[2] Gupta, R., et al, 2016. Using affective BCIs to characterize human influential factors for speech QoE perception modelling. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 6(1):1-19.[3] Clerico, A., et al, 2016, Biometrics and classifier fusion to predict the fun-factor in video gaming. In IEEE Conf Comp Intell and Games (pp. 1-8).[4] Cassani, R., et al 2020. Neural interface instrumented virtual reality headsets: Toward next-generation immersive applications. IEEE SMC Mag, 6(3):20-28.[5] Tobon, D. et al, 2014. MS-QI: A modulation spectrum-based ECG quality index for telehealth applications. IEEE TBE, 63(8):1613-1622.[6] Tobón, D. and Falk, T.H., 2016. Adaptive spectro-temporal filtering for electrocardiogram signal enhancement. IEEE JBHI, 22(2):421-428.[7] dos Santos, E., et al, 2020. Improved motor imagery BCI performance via adaptive modulation filtering and two-stage classification. Biomed Signal Proc Control, Vol. 57.[8] Rosanne, O., et al, 2021. Adaptive filtering for improved EEG-based mental workload assessment of ambulant users. Front. Neurosci, Vol.15.[9] Cassani, R., et al, 2018. Respiration rate estimation from noisy electrocardiograms based on modulation spectral analysis. CMBES Proc., Vol. 41.[10] Tiwari, A. and Falk, T.H., 2021. New Measures of Heart Rate Variability based on Subband Tachogram Complexity and Spectral Characteristics for Improved Stress and Anxiety Monitoring in Highly Ecological Settings. Front Signal Proc, Vol.7.[11] Moinnereau, M.A., 2020, Saccadic Eye Movement Classification Using ExG Sensors Embedded into a Virtual Reality Headset. In IEEE Conf SMC, pp. 3494-3498.[12] Tcha-Tokey, K., et al, 2016. Proposition and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure the User Experience in Immersive Virtual Environments. Intl J Virtual Reality, 16:33-48.
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Mills, Dennis M. "Time-resolved x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation." In International Laser Science Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.fh3.
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Although the pulsed nature of the radiation emitted from storage rings has for some time been exploited for studies in the visible vacuum ultraviolet region of the spectrum, only recently have synchrotron radiation users begun experiments that emphasize time resolution. Time-resolved x-ray experiments performed at synchrotron radiation sources fall naturally into two categories, those which do not depend on the actual time structure of the emitted radiation but rather rely on the high flux, and those which take explicit advantage of the modulated or pulsed nature of the x-ray beam. Although not always the case, experiments of the latter group generally have a finer time resolution and it is with these experiments that this presentation is concerned. Pulse durations of 100-1000 ps are most typical for synchrotron radiation sources with repetition rates from 0.5 to 50 MHz. These characteristics combined with the continuous spectral distribution make synchrotron radiation a highly attractive source when compared with other sources of pulsed x rays. In fact synchrotron radiation has been used both as a pump and a probe beam for the study of transient phenomena. Shorter pulses and high flux per pulse may soon be a reality with construction of advanced photon sources planned for the near future.
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Mills, Dennis M. "Time-resolved x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fh3.
Full textAbstract:
Although the pulsed nature of the radiation emitted from storage rings has for some time been exploited for studies in the visible vacuum ultraviolet region of the spectrum, only recently have synchrotron radiation users begun experiments that emphasize time resolution. Time-resolved x-ray experiments performed at synchrotron radiation sources fall naturally into two categories, those which do not depend on the actual time structure of the emitted radiation but rather rely on the high flux, and those which take explicit advantage of the modulated or pulsed nature of the x-ray beam. Although not always the case, experiments of the latter group generally have a finer time resolution and it is with these experiments that this presentation is concerned. Pulse durations of 100–1000 ps are most typical for synchrotron radiation sources with repetition rates from 0.5 to 50 MHz. These characteristics combined with the continuous spectral distribution make synchrotron radiation a highly attractive source when compared with other sources of pulsed x rays. In fact synchrotron radiation has been used both as a pump and a probe beam for the study of transient phenomena. Shorter pulses and high flux per pulse may soon be a reality with construction of advanced photon sources planned for the near future.
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Mendes, Sergio B., James Burke, S. Scott Saavedra, Lifeng Li, and Nasser Peyghambarian. "How to determine the spectral properties of a 3-nm thin film?" In Optical Interference Coatings. Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.thd.2.
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The optical characterization of ultra-thin films, such as molecular monolayers, is simultaneously a research tool for fundamental studies in molecule-interface interactions and an attractive configuration for a sensor platform. Molecular monolayers, which exhibit thickness of only a few nanometers, are attractive candidates for transducer layers in highly species-selective bio and chemical sensors. The planar waveguide is a configuration that has seen increasing use for research in thin film structure and surface characterization. The single mode planar waveguide, a substrate-supported dielectric layer, is an inherently sensitive geometry for probing ultra-thin films. At visible wavelengths, a single-mode planar waveguide supports up to several thousand reflections per cm of beam propagation using a ray optics model. This reflection density is about 4 orders of magnitude greater than using bulk optical elements in conventional attenuated total reflection (ATR) techniques, and yields a concomitantly much higher sensitivity. Nonetheless almost all-previous waveguide based studies have utilized monochromatic sources. Only a few works have reported spectroscopic detection either by using discrete laser lines1 or a monochromator2,3 to sequentially select a frequency to perform absorbance measurements.
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Pagano, Robert, Paul Morse, and Chris Miller. "Design overview of the atmospheric IR sounder." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.thj3.
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The AIRS instrument, scheduled for launch in 1997, is designed to provide new and more accurate data about the atmosphere, land, and oceans for application to climate studies and weather prediction. Loral Infrared and Imaging Systems, Inc. (LIRIS) is currently under contract to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the concept definition of the AIRS instrument. To meet the National Weather Service's temperature measurement goal, the next generation infrared sounder must have a spectral resolving power of 1200 over the spectral range 3.4–15.4 µm.1 AIRS employs two multiple-aperture echelle-array spectrometers, each using several grating orders to obtain the desired spectral resolution. Spectral-order separation is accomplished by subdividing the telescope entrance pupil into several apertures, each with its own out-of-band rejection filter. The radiation passing through these apertures is dispersed by the echelle grating before the apertures are reimaged onto a series 2 × n arrays. The focal plane arrays are made of photovoltaic and photoconductive mercury cadmium telluride. To maximize performance all spectrometer components are cooled to 155 K, and the arrays are cooled to 60 K. Systems modeling at LIRIS and JPL indicates that the instrument will achieve the 0.2 K noise-equivalent-delta-temperature goal over most of the spectral bandpass. AIRS will provide global coverage twice per day with a continuous downlink data rate of 1.85 Mbps. The design and development phase of the AIRS program will begin in October 1990.
Reports on the topic "Pmr spectral studies"
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Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch, and Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.
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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3 (WG3), Task 3.1: Selecting and Scaling Ground-motion records. The objective of Task 3.1 is to provide suites of ground motions to be used by other working groups (WGs), especially Working Group 5: Analytical Modeling (WG5) for Simulation Studies. The ground motions used in the numerical simulations are intended to represent seismic hazard at the building site. The seismic hazard is dependent on the location of the site relative to seismic sources, the characteristics of the seismic sources in the region and the local soil conditions at the site. To achieve a proper representation of hazard across the State of California, ten sites were selected, and a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was performed at each of these sites for both a soft soil (Vs30 = 270 m/sec) and a stiff soil (Vs30=760 m/sec). The PSHA used the UCERF3 seismic source model, which represents the latest seismic source model adopted by the USGS [2013] and NGA-West2 ground-motion models. The PSHA was carried out for structural periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 sec. At each site and soil class, the results from the PSHA—hazard curves, hazard deaggregation, and uniform-hazard spectra (UHS)—were extracted for a series of ten return periods, prescribed by WG5 and WG6, ranging from 15.5–2500 years. For each case (site, soil class, and return period), the UHS was used as the target spectrum for selection and modification of a suite of ground motions. Additionally, another set of target spectra based on “Conditional Spectra” (CS), which are more realistic than UHS, was developed [Baker and Lee 2018]. The Conditional Spectra are defined by the median (Conditional Mean Spectrum) and a period-dependent variance. A suite of at least 40 record pairs (horizontal) were selected and modified for each return period and target-spectrum type. Thus, for each ground-motion suite, 40 or more record pairs were selected using the deaggregation of the hazard, resulting in more than 200 record pairs per target-spectrum type at each site. The suites contained more than 40 records in case some were rejected by the modelers due to secondary characteristics; however, none were rejected, and the complete set was used. For the case of UHS as the target spectrum, the selected motions were modified (scaled) such that the average of the median spectrum (RotD50) [Boore 2010] of the ground-motion pairs follow the target spectrum closely within the period range of interest to the analysts. In communications with WG5 researchers, for ground-motion (time histories, or time series) selection and modification, a period range between 0.01–2.0 sec was selected for this specific application for the project. The duration metrics and pulse characteristics of the records were also used in the final selection of ground motions. The damping ratio for the PSHA and ground-motion target spectra was set to 5%, which is standard practice in engineering applications. For the cases where the CS was used as the target spectrum, the ground-motion suites were selected and scaled using a modified version of the conditional spectrum ground-motion selection tool (CS-GMS tool) developed by Baker and Lee [2018]. This tool selects and scales a suite of ground motions to meet both the median and the user-defined variability. This variability is defined by the relationship developed by Baker and Jayaram [2008]. The computation of CS requires a structural period for the conditional model. In collaboration with WG5 researchers, a conditioning period of 0.25 sec was selected as a representative of the fundamental mode of vibration of the buildings of interest in this study. Working Group 5 carried out a sensitivity analysis of using other conditioning periods, and the results and discussion of selection of conditioning period are reported in Section 4 of the WG5 PEER report entitled Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment. The WG3.1 report presents a summary of the selected sites, the seismic-source characterization model, and the ground-motion characterization model used in the PSHA, followed by selection and modification of suites of ground motions. The Record Sequence Number (RSN) and the associated scale factors are tabulated in the Appendices of this report, and the actual time-series files can be downloaded from the PEER Ground-motion database Portal (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)(link is external).
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Bowlin, Elizabeth, and Puneet Agarwal. PR-201-153718-R03 Integrity Assessment of DTI Pipelines Using High Resolution NDE in Select Areas. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011486.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrostatic test and In-Line Inspection are the prescribed integrity assessment methods cited in various Codes and Regulations and have been proven to enhance pipeline safety. But a significant number of pipelines across the world remain difficult to inspect and impractical to modify for inspection by the prescribed methods due to physical configurations or operating conditions. This research performs a state of the art (SOTA) analysis of NDE technology readiness considering physical and operational barriers and technology deployment from inside, outside or over pipelines, and the possible role of inspection sampling to conclude pipeline integrity and justify intervals for conversion for piggability or hydrotest. The goal of the research is to propose alternatives to ILI for safe prioritization and scheduling for conversion or replacement and not to replace hydrostatic test or ILI as currently prescribed in Codes and Regulations. The scope of the research is limited to technologies and integrity management concerning metal loss threat. This report represents the third and final update of prior reports from the two preceding years presenting a compendium of technologies describing technology readiness for state of the art non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technologies intended for low resolution pipeline condition screening and high resolution NDE for deployment at sample locations with capabilities applicable to difficult to inspect pipeline configurations. Integrated cleaning and inspection pigs, smart balls, external deployed ultrasonic, radiographic and magnetometry are pipe wall screening technologies evaluated in the reports. A structured process is proposed for assessing pipeline integrity based on low resolution screening of the full length of a pipeline segment followed by high resolution NDE samples at locations where screening indicates locations of possible wall loss. The process employs extreme value analysis for prediction of maximum metal loss severity across the screened segment. For instances where no metal loss indications reported by screening or from high resolution samples an alternative "compliance approach" is also addressed. Case studies are presented where PRCI members have deployed some of the technologies referenced in the NDE SOTA phase of the research and implemented the proposed extreme value or the compliance approaches. Validation of fitness for service conclusions based on inspection sampling by comparison with full length high resolution ILI or hydrostatic test are included in some of the case studies. The conclusions of the case studies demonstrate integrity conclusions obtained from the PRCI structured process are conservative and consistent with ILI or hydrostatic test conclusions. Based on the experience from the case studies and the SOTA, a metal loss screening efficiency factor (MLSE) is proposed enabling pipeline operators to understand the general relationship between screening level (sample stratification) and direct examination (inspection sampling) required to provide equivalent understanding of pipe wall condition, limited to metal loss. As mentioned by ASME/API ILI has limitations that need to be considered in its deployment and full discovery of metal loss conditions. Under some conditions (noted by API 1163) ILI predictions can be accepted without any direct examinations or verifications, i.e full length screening (high resolution) and no verification samples. At the other end of the spectrum random sampling can be theoretically deployed as a screening approach but depending on the condition of the pipeline, the high-resolution sample area could be very large to obtain a significant integrity conclusion. This report proposes a comparative scale of effectiveness for SOTA pipe wall screening technologies that offer the operator an expectation of high resolution NDE sample size. There is a related webinar
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Levisohn, Sharon, Mark Jackwood, and Stanley Kleven. New Approaches for Detection of Mycoplasma iowae Infection in Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612834.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Mycoplasma iowae (Mi) is a pathogenic avian mycoplasma which causes mortality in turkey embryos and as such has clinical and economic significance for the turkey breeder industry. Control of Mi infection is severely hampered by lack of adequate diagnostic tests, together with resistance to most antibiotics and resilience to environment. A markedly high degree of intra-species antigenic variation also contributes to difficulties in detection and control of infection. In this project we have designed an innovative gene-based diagnostic test based on specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of Mi. This reaction, designed Multi-species PCR-RFLP test, also amplifies the DNA of the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas M. gallisepticum (Mg) and M. synoviae (Ms). This test detects DNA equivalent to about 300 cfu Mi or either of the other two target mycoplasmas, individually or in mixed infection. It is a quick test, applicable to a wide variety of clinical samples, such as allantoic fluid or tracheal or cloacal swab suspensions. Differential diagnosis is carried out by gel electro-phoresis of the PCR amplicon digested with selected restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). This can also be readily accomplished by using a simple Dot-Blot hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes reacting specifically with unique Mi, Mg or Ms sequences in the PCR amplicon. The PCR/OLIGO test increased sensitivity by at least 10-fold with a capacity for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. Experimental infection trials were carried out to evaluate the diagnostic tools and to study pathogenesis of Mi infection. Field studies and experimental infection of embryonated eggs indicated both synergistic and competitive interaction of mycoplasma pathogens in mixed infection. The value of the PCR diagnostic tests for following the time course of egg transmission was shown. A workable serological test (Dot Immunobinding Assay) was also developed but there was no clear-cut evidence that infected turkeys develop an immune response. Typing of a wide spectrum of Mi field isolates by a variety of gene-based molecular techniques indicated a higher degree of genetic homogeneity than predicted on the basis of the phenotypic variability. All known strains of Mi were detected by the method developed. Together with an M. meleagridis-PCR test based on the same gene, the Multi-species PCR test is a highly valuable tool for diagnosis of pathogenic mycoplasmas in single or mixed infection. The further application of this rapid and specific test as a part of Mi and overall mycoplasma control programs will be dependent on developments in the turkey industry.
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Willis, C., F. Jorgensen, S. A. Cawthraw, et al. A survey of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in frozen, part-cooked, breaded or battered poultry products on retail sale in the United Kingdom. Food Standards Agency, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xvu389.
Full textAbstract:
Frozen, breaded, ready-to-cook chicken products have been implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis. Some of these outbreaks can be large. For example, one outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involved 193 people in nine countries between 2018 and 2020, of which 122 cases were in the UK. These ready-to-cook products have a browned, cooked external appearance, which may be perceived as ready-to-eat, leading to mishandling or undercooking by consumers. Continuing concerns about these products led FSA to initiate a short-term (four month), cross-sectional surveillance study undertaken in 2021 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frozen, breaded or battered chicken products on retail sale in the UK. This study sought to obtain data on AMR levels in Salmonella and E. coli in these products, in line with a number of other FSA instigated studies of the incidence and nature of AMR in the UK food chain, for example, the systematic review (2016). Between the beginning of April and the end of July 2021, 310 samples of frozen, breaded or battered chicken products containing either raw or partly cooked chicken, were collected using representative sampling of retailers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland based on market share data. Samples included domestically produced and imported chicken products and were tested for E. coli (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, colistin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant E. coli) and Salmonella spp. One isolate of each bacterial type from each contaminated sample was randomly selected for additional AMR testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of antimicrobials. More detailed analysis based on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data was used to further characterise Salmonella spp. isolates and allow the identification of potential links with human isolates. Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (1.6%) of the 310 samples and identified as Salmonella Infantis (in three samples) and S. Java (in two samples). One of the S. Infantis isolates fell into the same genetic cluster as S. Infantis isolates from three recent human cases of infection; the second fell into another cluster containing two recent cases of infection. Countries of origin recorded on the packaging of the five Salmonella contaminated samples were Hungary (n=1), Ireland (n=2) and the UK (n=2). One S. Infantis isolate was multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to three different classes of antimicrobials), while the other Salmonella isolates were each resistant to at least one of the classes of antimicrobials tested. E. coli was detected in 113 samples (36.4%), with counts ranging from <3 to >1100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/g. Almost half of the E. coli isolates (44.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 20.0% of E. coli isolates. E. coli isolates demonstrating the ESBL (but not AmpC) phenotype were detected in 15 of the 310 samples (4.8%) and the AmpC phenotype alone was detected in two of the 310 samples (0.6%) of chicken samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing showed that five of the 15 (33.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55 or CTX-M-15), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate demonstrated resistance to colistin and was found to possess the mcr-1 gene. The five Salmonella-positive samples recovered from this study, and 20 similar Salmonella-positive samples from a previous UKHSA (2020/2021) study (which had been stored frozen), were subjected to the cooking procedures described on the sample product packaging for fan assisted ovens. No Salmonella were detected in any of these 25 samples after cooking. The current survey provides evidence of the presence of Salmonella in frozen, breaded and battered chicken products in the UK food chain, although at a considerably lower incidence than reported in an earlier (2020/2021) study carried out by PHE/UKHSA as part of an outbreak investigation where Salmonella prevalence was found to be 8.8%. The current survey also provides data on the prevalence of specified AMR bacteria found in the tested chicken products on retail sale in the UK. It will contribute to monitoring trends in AMR prevalence over time within the UK, support comparisons with data from other countries, and provide a baseline against which to monitor the impact of future interventions. While AMR activity was observed in some of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. examined in this study, the risk of acquiring AMR bacteria from consumption of these processed chicken products is low if the products are cooked thoroughly and handled hygienically.