Journal articles: 'PMS Objekt'

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Lebedeva, T. V., E. V. Zuev, and A. N. Brykova. "PROSPECTS OF EMPLOYING MODERN EUROPEAN CULTIVARS OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT IN THE BREEDING FOR POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE IN THE NORTHWESTERN REGION OF RUSSIA." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-4-170-176.

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Background. Powdery mildew of bread wheat caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal is a widespread foliar disease of wheat in regions with cool and wet climate. It infects the foliage, stem and spike of the wheat host and causes yield reduction. Breeding for resistance is the economical way to control this disease. The object of this work was to analyze spring cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for powdery mildew resistance and some productivity indicators.Materials and methods. The study involved 150 European spring bread wheat cultivars whose resistance to the fungus was assessed at the seedling, heading and flowering phases of plant development. The population of the fungus manifested virulence to Pm1, Pm2, Pm3a-d, Pm4a-b, Pm5a, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8, Pm9, Pm16 and Pm19, and avirulence to Pm12. The damage to seedlings was evaluated using the scale from 0 (no damage) to 4 (abundant pustules). Resistance of the adult plants was analyzed according to the scale from 9 (no damage) to 1 (abundant pustules).Results and conclusions. Of the 150 cultivars, resistance at the seedling stage was shown by 12,7%, and at the adult stage by 20,1%. The cultivars ‘Dacke’, ‘SW Estrad’, ‘Sparrow’ and ‘Aranka’ were resistant in all phases of plant growth. ‘Naxos’ was characterized by a short period from seedlings to heading. The cultivars ‘Aranka’, ‘Zuzana’, ‘Septima’, ‘Tercia’ and ‘Sparrow’ had short stems, while ‘Torka’, ‘Sparrow’ and ‘Pasteur’ – large grains.

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Mizuguchi, Takashi, and Kuniaki Sugai. "Object-Related Knowledge and the Production of Gestures with Imagined Objects by Preschool Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 1 (February 2002): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.1.71.

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Stefanatos, Gerry A., Ester S. Buchholz, and Nancy Fay Miller. "Mental Rotation: A Task for the Assessment of Visuospatial Skills of Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 2 (April 1998): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.527.

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7 girls and 5 boys, ranging in age from 7 to 12 years, participated in the pilot testing of a mental rotation task developed for use in a comprehensive test battery of visuoperceptual abilities. Two asymmetric, three-dimensional objects were constructed from wood strips such that one object was the mirror-image of the other. Black and white photographs were taken of these objects in various spatial orientations along a horizontal plane. 16 photographs depicted the object right-side-up and in 16 the object was upside-down (rotated 180° in the vertical plane). These photographs were presented to the children who were asked to match each with the corresponding object. Analysis indicated correct judgements of the right-side-up images occurred more frequently than the upside-down images ( t11=4.73, p<.001). Using these data, adjustments were made to the task instructions to provide greater clarity for the young participants.

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Harrington, Thomas L., and Denise Quon. "A Method of Stereoptically Simulating Manifolds of Three-Dimensional Objects Using Only a Single Display Pattern: A Shape-Depth-Texture Invariance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 3_suppl (June 1989): 1163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1163.

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A means of conceptualizing and generating visual displays that are “self-stereoptic manifolds” is described. First, single patterns that can replace pairs of stereograms to produce illusions of depth are defined and an example is shown. Patterns such as these produce illusory three-dimensional objects hanging in space before or behind the display surface. It is further demonstrated geometrically that such a display actually has three-dimensional information embedded in it peculiar to each of a family, or manifold, of objects that can be experienced one at a time. Each object of the family appears when the viewer looks in space where it “exists.” The others remain invisible unless their locations are fixated. If any member of a specific manifold of three-dimensional illusory objects is physically duplicated as a real object and textured in the same way that the illusory object appeared to be, then this new real object will, in turn, generate an illusion of each of the other objects of the manifold when the observer fixates in space where each “exists.” Also, if then the viewer looks where the original display previously was, the newly constructed object will disappear and the display will reappear. The geometry and the advantages and disadvantages in relation to a stereoptic pair are discussed.

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Triebenbacher, Sandra Lookabaugh, and Deborah W. Tegano. "Children's Use of Transitional Objects during Daily Separations from Significant Caregivers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 1 (February 1993): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.89.

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Attachment behaviors of 105 toddlers were observed as the children separated from significant caregiver(s) at child care. Analysis indicated that children attached to a transitional object and using the object when separating engaged in ritualistic touching behaviors directed at a variety of targets. Results lend some support to the notion of transitional objects facilitating separation and reducing anxiety in mildly stressful situations.

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Ridley, Dennis R. "A Neo-Whorfian Revisitation of Color Memory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 1 (February 1987): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.1.103.

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A neo-Whorfian viewpoint on the effects of color names on color memory was tested in two studies with 140 undergraduate subjects. The controlling conception was that stimulus shapes of objects which have characteristic colors (e.g., tomato—red) can function like labels when viewing conditions are difficult. Hypothesized effects were that recognition or reproduction of the colors of such shapes would tend toward the best typical choices for the primary color term linguistically associated with the object. Exps. 1 and 2 pitted the major hypothesis against a prediction derived from Bruner's perceptual theory that familiar shapes would induce reproduction of a color toward the average object color. Two colors, actual average object colors, and best typical instances of associated color terms were made the overlapping segments of a variable color mixer on which color matches were made. Target stimuli from the middle ranges of the overlapping color-wheel segments were tachistoscopically presented either as familiar “red” or “green” objects or as plain circular stimuli. Reproductions consistently averaged toward best instances of primary color terms “red” or “green” rather than toward average object colors. Alternative interpretations of the data are discussed.

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Ben-Tovim, David I., and M. Kay Walker. "Recall of the Visual Body Image Using a Novel Boundary Detection Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 2 (October 1997): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.2.625.

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A new task for eliciting a pictorial mental image of the body or other objects is described. The task involved relating a pair of crosses to the boundary of a mental image ‘projected’ onto a computer screen. Responses were assessed for accuracy defined as identifying a relationship between a cross and an image that would hold when a photograph (of the same object) was substituted for the mental image. A group of 30 female students achieved between 70 to 80% accuracy when using this task to assess mental images of their own faces, torsos, or a familiar nonbody object. Accuracy was similar for body and nonbody objects. The presence of some kind of quasipictorial representation of the body is confirmed. Its characteristics await further elucidation.

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Noda, Mitsuru. "Imagery and Perceptual Basis of Matching Tasks in Young Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 107, no. 2 (October 2008): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.107.2.419-438.

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Object identification in perceptual tests may include constituents of mental rotation. A matching-to-sample task was conducted with same or different objects to look for evidence of rotation. Elementary schoolchildren (6 to 8 years old) in Grades 1 to 4 ( N = 264) participated, using the inclined Flags Test and the Water Level Test to ensure that children can use kinematic imagery for the Flags Test even if they used static imagery for the Water Level Test. Performance on the inclined Flags Test varied by age group. Use of implicit mental rotation of the inclined object was inferred in recognition. Also, children at the pre-operational stage showed a rotational effect, i.e., they could transform the object by turning it, thereby confirming kinematic imagery is used from age 6. As a consequence, solving both rotation tasks may require not only recognition of object frames but also objects internal to the frame.

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Hardi, Eja Armaz. "Filantropi Islam: Zakat Saham di Pasar Modal Syariah Indonesia." Jurnal Bimas Islam 13, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v13i1.106.

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Abstrak Perkembangan kajian filantropi Islam beberapa dekade terakhir telah memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap perluasan implemetasi objek zakat. Objek harta kena zakat menjadi fokus diskusi oleh beberapa sarjana, lembaga sosial keagamaan, dan pemerintah dalam mempercepat pertumbuhan zakat di Indonesia. Harta kekayaan perusahaan, zakat profesi, dan kepemilikan saham tidak luput menjadi objek harta kena zakat, hal ini didiskusikan dan diputuskan pada Muktamar ke-3 yang diselenggaran oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) pada tahun 2009 di Sumatera Barat, kemudian pada tahun 2017 gagasan tersebut direalisasikan dengan kesepakatan kerjasama antara Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS), Pasar Modal Syariah Indonesia Bursa Efek Indonesia (PMS-BEI) dalam program Sedekah dan Zakat Saham Nasabah (SAZADAH). Dalam realisasinya, program tersebut membebankan kewajiban zakat kepada akumulasi portofilio investor bukan pada kekayaan perusahaan. Disamping itu program tersebut melibatkan berbagai pihak yang menjadikan alur distribusi zakat menjadi kompleks. Oleh karena itu menarik untuk melihat hubungan relasi sosial di antara pelaku filantropis dalam program SAZADAH di PMS-BEI tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori relasi sosial, artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa implentasi zakat saham di PMS-BEI merupakan relasi yang saling menguntung kedua belah pihak, walaupun pola relasi dalam program tersebut masuk dalam kategori mediated-engagement strategies dengan pola contributory dan brokering philanthropy. Abstract The development of Islamic philanthropic studies in the last few decades has contributed significantly to the expansion of zakat objects implementation. The object of property subject to zakat becomes the focus of discussion by several scholars, religious social institutions, and the government in accelerating the growth of zakat in Indonesia. Company property, professional zakat and share ownership are zakat property objects, this matter was discussed and decided at the 3rd Congress held by the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) in 2009 in West Sumatra, then in 2017 the idea realized by a cooperation agreement between the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) and the Indonesian Sharia Capital Market Indonesian Stock Exchange (PMS-BEI) in the Customer's Stock Alms and Zakat program (SAZADAH). In its realization, the program imposes zakat obligations on the accumulation of investor portfolios rather than on the company's wealth. Besides that the program involved various parties who made the distribution channel of zakat complex. Therefore, it is interesting to see the relationship of social relations among philanthropic actors in the SAZADAH program on the PMS-BEI. Using a social relations theory approach, this article concludes that the implementation of zakat shares on the PMS-BEI is a mutually beneficial relationship for both parties, even though the pattern of relations in the program falls within the category of mediated-engagement strategies with contributory and philanthropic brokering pattern.

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Russeler, Jascha, Thomas F. Münte, and Frank Rösler. "Influence of Stimulus Distance in Implicit Learning of Spatial and Nonspatial Event Sequences." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3 (December 2002): 973–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.973.

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The serial reaction time task has been widely used to investigate implicit learning mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the effect of stimulus distance on learning of a spatial sequence independent of a sequence of responses. Participants had to respond to objects appearing at four different locations. The objects were presented in a sequence of nine elements, whereas the location at which an object was presented followed a sequence of eight elements. Thus, the spatial and the object sequences were independent of each other. Four groups of subjects for whom the distances of the locations chosen to present objects on the computer screen (3 cm, 6 cm, 12 cm, or 22 cm) differed were tested. Only the nonspatial sequence was learned as indicated by enhanced response latencies in nonsequenced random blocks. Stimulus distance had no effect on the amount of sequence learning. Additional analyses for subgroups of subjects who did not show explicit knowledge of the sequences after completion of the task indicated that for implicit learners also, sequence learning was not influenced by stimulus distance. The results are discussed with respect to current theories of implicit serial learning.

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Khanji, Rajai, and Richard M. Weist. "Spatial and Temporal Locations in Child Jordanian Arabic." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 2 (April 1996): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.2.675.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of cognitive development on the acquisition of the spatial and temporal systems in Jordanian Arabic. 60 Jordanian children 2 to 6 years old received a comprehension test based on a 1991 sentence-picture matching task of Weist, wherein each problem contained a minimal morphological contrast. These contrasts were either spatial, e.g., ‘in/on,’ or temporal, e.g., past/future tense. Further, the contrasts required either a single referent object or event, e.g., ‘in/on’ and past/future tense, or they required two or more referent objects or events, e.g., ‘between’ and ‘before/after.’ Firstly, significant change across age groups was noted. Secondly, problems which required two referent objects or events were more difficult than those requiring one referent object or event. Finally, spatial contrasts were easier than temporal ones. The findings were related to the general issue of the interaction of language and thought during the acquisition of language.

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McCabe, D. P., D. I. Ben-Tovim, M. K. Walker, and D. Pomeroy. "Does the Body Image Exist in Three Dimensions? The Study of Visual Mental Representation of a Body and a Nonbody Object." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (February 2001): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.223.

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Do the mental Images of 3-dimensional objects recreate the depth characteristics of the original objects' This investigation of the characteristics of mental images utilized a novel boundary-detection task that required participants to relate a pair of crosses to the boundary of an image mentally projected onto a computer screen. 48 female participants with body attitudes within expected normal range were asked to image their own body and a familiar object from the front and the side. When the visual mental image was derived purely from long-term memory, accuracy was better than chance for the front (64%) and side (63%) of the body and also for the front (55%) and side (68%) of the familiar nonbody object. This suggests that mental images containing depth and spatial information may be generated from information held in long-term memory. Pictorial exposure to views of the front or side of the objects was used to investigate the representations from which this 3-dimensional shape and size information is derived. The results are discussed in terms of three possible representational formats and argue that a front-view 2½-dimensional representation mediates the transfer of information from long-term memory when depth information about the body is required.

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Giusberti, F., T. Iachini, and F. Pavani. "Moving around Objects and Recognizing Them." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 1 (February 1998): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.1.267.

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This research concerned the use of mental rotation in recognizing rotated objects. Instead of the classic Shepard's paradigm in which subjects were still while observing rotated objects, here subjects had to move (or imagine moving) around stationary three-dimensional objects put in the middle of the trajectory. Thus, depending on the viewing positions, such objects were seen under six different perspectives (from 30° to 180°). The latter task has been thought to be closer to everyday life in which we obtain information regarding objects from their spatial properties. The results do not follow the classic rules of mental rotation of an object predicting a linear increase of the time needed to recognize distorted objects as a function of their angular displacement. They also differ from data in the Literature about spatial imagery showing that access to spatial information is facilitated more when people actually move through a path than when they imagine moving. A probable explanation of this difference from the literature is discussed in relation to the particular involvement of the body in the experimental task.

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Stappers, P. J. "Forms Can Be Recognized from Dynamic Occlusion Alone." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 1 (February 1989): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.1.243.

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Direct and indirect theories of perception differ on whether form perception depends on higher order invariants or on features in the retinal image. The present paper describes a demonstration that an object can be recognized through a higher order pattern (dynamic occlusion) without any of the object's features being displayed. Stimuli consist of computer simulations of black wireframe objects moving in front of, and occluding, a random layout of point lights on a black background. In this way, no single videoframe of the stimuli displays any of the object's features, and motion of the amodal object in front of the light points is necessary for the form to become visible. The forms can also be recognized when isoluminous colours are used for background and point lights. Finally, it is noted that, if the observer can actively control the motion of the object, e.g., by moving a computer mouse, recognition is enhanced as in Gibson's (1962) experiment on active touch.

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Ruff, Holly A., and Karen Dubiner. "Stability of Individual Differences in Infants' Manipulation and Exploration of Objects." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 3_suppl (June 1987): 1095–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.3c.1095.

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The purpose of this study was to assess stability of manipulative behavior across time. 29 infants were seen at both 9 and 9.5 mo.; 20 of these infants were seen again at 12 mo. At each visit the infants were presented several objects for familiarization and tested for response to discrepant objects. Each trial was scored for the duration of looking, rotating the object, fingering, mouthing, and banging, the frequency of transferring the object from hand to hand, and the frequency of dropping, throwing and pushing the object away. Analysis of the data yielded moderate to high correlations between 9 and 9.5 mo. for all but one behavior. Correlations between 9 and 12 mo. were in the same range for most of the behaviors. On the test trials, there were fewer significant correlations. When the behaviors were separated into exploratory and nonexploratory categories, there was more stability for the nonexploratory behaviors; summary scores for both were concurrently related to Bayley Mental Development Index at 12 mo., but in opposite directions. The results suggest that there is stability in some manipulative behaviors, and further, that it is useful to conceptualize two types of manipulative behavior.

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IMASATO, YOSHIO. "Is terminal stage treatment appropriate object of PMS ?" Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24, no. 1 (1993): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.24.231.

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Ducheneaut, Nicolas, and Victoria Bellotti. "Ceci n'est pas un Objet? Talking About Objects in E-mail." Human–Computer Interaction 18, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci1812_4.

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Scher, Anat, Tamar Amir, and Emanuel Tirosh. "Object Concept and Sleep Regulation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 91, no. 2 (October 2000): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.91.2.402.

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O'Neal, Marcia R., and Brad S. Chissom. "Comparison of Three Methods for Assessing Attitudes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3_suppl (June 1994): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1251.

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Conducting survey research involves making choices concerning the methods of gathering attitude data. Several methods are available, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Three methods were compared in this study. They included ratings, rankings, and paired comparisons. The responses of 392 undergraduate students were included in the analyses. Each participant completed a survey consisting of three attitude objects of five items each, one set formatted using a rating scale, another using rankings, and a third using paired comparisons. Three survey forms were developed so that each attitude object could be presented in each format. The three forms were presented randomly to approximately equal numbers of participants. Analyses consisted of obtaining means or scale values for each item. Correlations among methods were computed for each of the three attitude objects. Correlations for one well-researched attitude object were all above .80. Other correlations ranged from .41 to .89. Consistently the highest correlations were between rankings and paired comparisons, a finding that is not surprising in view of the fact that tasks required of these two scales are very similar.

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Beltran, Francesc S., and Salvador Herrando. "Measuring the Typicality of Objects Included in Environmental Scenes: A Logistic Model for Atypicality." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3_suppl (June 1995): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3c.1343.

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Some empirical studies have stated that people usually categorize scenes according to the suitability of their elements. This paper proposes a method of measuring the typicality of naturalistic objects contained in environmental scenes. 517 subjects gave a score of suitability for 110 object-scene pairs. We used a logistic model for the measurements which enabled us to obtain two indexes, atypicality and discrimination. Analysis showed that the objects could be arranged on a numerical scale according to their typicality in a scene, and from this we concluded that logistic models are a useful and powerful method of measuring typicality.

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Wesp, Richard, Alissa Peckyno, Steven McCall, and Sarah Peters. "Object Recognition May Distort Size Perception." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 3 (June 2000): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.3.803.

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Kobayakawa, Mutsutaka, and Yoshitaka Ohigashi. "Retrieval by a Patient with Apraxia of Sensorimotor Information from Visually Presented Objects." Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, no. 3 (June 2007): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.3.739-748.

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Motor representations are reported to be implicitly evoked when one observes manipulatable objects (action potentiation). The relationship was examined between action potentiation and pantomime deficit in apraxia. Participants responded to line drawings of manipulatable objects with either the left or right hand, according to the color of the stimulus. In normal participants ( N = 10, four women, six men, M age = 28.5 yr., SD=5.6), responses were faster when the orientation of the stimulus was compatible with the response-hand grasp. However, the apraxic patient did not exhibit this compatibility effect. On a control task in which a nonobject (circle) was presented, all participants exhibited the compatibility effect. These results indicated that the apraxic patient was impaired in evoking motor representation associated with objects. Thus, in some cases, apraxic disorders may be attributable to a deficit in retrieving object-specific information for manipulation.

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Repperger, Daniel W., Denise L. Aleva, Gina Thomas, Janet E. Miller, and Stephen C. Fullenkamp. "Complexity of Visual Icons Studied via Signal Detection Theory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 1 (August 2007): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.1.287-298.

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Two investigations on how humans perceive information from visually rendered complex objects, such as military icons (glyphs) were conducted. A signal detection theory framework was employed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of human subject performance. The 6 adults tested showed that as complexity increased, their accuracy in performance decreased. Study 1 showed that complex dimensions (features) could not be assigned arbitrarily. Study 2 developed a rank ordering for features of an iconic object.

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LOMBER, STEPHEN G., and BERTRAM R. PAYNE. "Contributions of cat posterior parietal cortex to visuospatial discrimination." Visual Neuroscience 17, no. 5 (September 2000): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800175042.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the contributions made by cat posterior parietal cortex to the analyses of the relative position of objects in visual space. Two cats were trained on a landmark task in which they learned to report the position of a landmark object relative to a right or left food-reward chamber. Subsequently, three pairs of cooling loops were implanted bilaterally in contact with visuoparietal cortices forming the crown of the middle suprasylvian gyrus (MSg; architectonic area 7) and the banks of the posterior-middle suprasylvian sulcus (pMS sulcal cortex) and in contact with the ventral-posterior suprasylvian (vPS) region of visuotemporal cortex. Bilateral deactivation of pMS sulcal cortex resulted in a profound impairment for all six tested positions of the landmark, yet bilateral deactivation of neither area 7 nor vPS cortex yielded any deficits. In control tasks (visual orienting and object discrimination), there was no evidence for any degree of attentional blindness or impairment of form discrimination during bilateral deactivation of pMS cortex. Therefore, we conclude that bilateral cooling of pMS cortex, but neither area 7 nor vPS cortex, induces a specific deficit in spatial localization as examined with the landmark task. These observations have significant bearing on our understanding of visuospatial processing in cat, monkey, and human cortices.

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Hsieh, Shulan, Chia-Ying Lee, Wen-Juh Hwang, and Jing-Jane Tsai. "Object-Based and Location-Based Shifting of Attention in Parkinson's Disease." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3_suppl (December 1997): 1315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3f.1315.

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Research into Parkinson's disease has made much use of the precuing paradigm developed by Posner to examine patients' ability to shift visuospatial attention. The majority of studies indicate that patients with Parkinson's disease have significantly reduced shift costs when compared with normal controls. This reduction in costs is ascribed to abnormal maintenance of attention resulting from Parkinson's disease. We know that visual attention is not directed to spatial locations alone but that it may also be directed to object representations. To date, however, it has not been clear whether the reduced shift costs apparent in Parkinson's disease patients are evident only on spatial locations or on both spatial locations and object representations. Therefore, in the current study we have adopted a new technique with a view to studying both location-based and object-based attentional components within the same paradigm. Our results with 17 patients with Parkinson's disease suggest, at least in the early stages, patients do not show deficits in maintenance of attention to the miscued source of stimulation as reflected in their normal magnitude of cuing effect related to shifting between locations and between objects. 14 normal persons were control subjects.

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Koch, Christopher, and Lisa Abbey. "Role of Geons in Object Recognition across Ages." Perceptual and Motor Skills 88, no. 3 (June 1999): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1999.88.3.983.

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Govindaraju, Naga K., Ming C. Lin, and Dinesh Manocha. "Efficient Collision Culling among Deformable Objects using Graphics Processors." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 1 (February 2006): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.2006.15.1.62.

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We present a fast collision culling algorithm for performing inter- and intra-object collision detection among complex models using graphics hardware. Our algorithm utilizes visibility queries on the GPUs to eliminate a subset of geometric primitives that are not in close proximity and computes a potentially colliding set (PCS) of primitives. We perform no precomputation and the algorithm proceeds in multiple stages: object-level PCS computation, subobject level PCS computation, followed by exact collision detection. We extend our PCS computation algorithm to perform intra-object or self-collisions between complex models. Furthermore, we describe a novel visibility-based classification scheme to reduce the size of potentially-colliding sets of objects and primitives, and the number of visibility queries for further improving the performance and culling efficiency. We have implemented our algorithm on a PC with an NVIDIA GeForce FX 6800 Ultra graphics card and applied it to three complex simulations, each consisting of objects with tens of thousands of triangles. In practice, we are able to compute all the self-collisions for cloth simulation up to image-space precision at interactive rates.

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Moreno, Francisco J., Vicente Luis, Francisco Salgado, Juan A. García, and Raúl Reina. "Visual Behavior and Perception of Trajectories of Moving Objects with Visual Occlusion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 1 (August 2005): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.1.13-20.

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Experienced athletes in sports with moving objects have shown greater skill when using visual information to anticipate the direction of a moving object than nonexperienced athletes of those sports. Studies have shown that expert athletes are more effective than novices in occlusion situations in the first stages of the sports sequence. In this study, 12 athletes with different competitive experience in sports with moving objects viewed a sequence of tennis ball launches with and without visual occlusion, launched by a ball-shooting machine toward different areas with respect to the participant's position. The relation among visual behavior, occlusion time, and the precision of the task is reviewed. The spot where the balls bounced was analysed by a digital camera and visual behavior by an Eye Tracking System. Analysis showed that the nonexperienced athletes made significantly more errors and were more variable in visual occlusion conditions. Participants had a stable visual search strategy.

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Landry, Richard G., and Carla W. Hess. "Phonological Performance Elicited by Object Naming, Picture Naming, and Imitation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 61, no. 2 (October 1985): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.61.2.406.

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Westergaard, Gregory Charles. "Infant Baboons Spontaneously Use an Object to Obtain Distant Food." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 2 (April 1989): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.2.558.

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Guyette, Jody, and Christopher Koch. "Object-Recognition Tasks: Comparing Paper Versions to Computerized Laboratory Methods." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 1 (February 2002): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.1.333.

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KIM, DAE-NYEON, HOANG-HON TRINH, and KANG-HYUN JO. "OBJECT RECOGNITION BY SEGMENTED REGIONS USING MULTIPLE CUES ON OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Information Acquisition 04, no. 03 (September 2007): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878907001290.

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This work describes a method to allow objects for autonomous robot navigation on outdoor environment. The proposition of the method segments and recognizes the object from an image taken by moving robot on outdoor environment. We classify the object natural and artificial. We classify trees as natural objects and buildings as artificial objects. Then we define their characteristics individually. In the process, we segment objects included by preprocessing using multiple cues and show the method of segmentation based on low-level features using multiple cues. Multiple cues are color, line segment, context information, HCM (Hue Co-occurrence Matrix), PCs (Principal Components), vanishing point. Objects can be recognized when we combine predefined multiple cues. The correct object recognition of proposed system is over 92% among our test database which consist of about 1200 images. We accomplish the result of image segmentation using multiple cues and object recognition through experiments.

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Lange-Küttner, C. "The Role of Object Violation in the Development of Visual Analysis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 1 (February 2000): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.3.

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The present study investigated whether sensitivity to object violations in perception as well as in action would vary with age. Five-, 6-, and 11-yr.-old children and adults solved tasks which involved perception only, motoric indication of parts, actual assembly of parts, and drawing of a violated figure. In perception, object violation was the only factor showing change across age groups, with violations being increasingly noticed. In composition tasks involving motor components, object violation was just one factor besides quantity of parts and type of segmentation contributing to task difficulty and showing increase in performance across age groups. Analysis of object violations in visual structure required abilities similar to those needed when analysing shape interference. Improved visual detection and graphic construction of object violation seemed not to occur because segmentation increased quantitatively but more likely because fast perceptual processes came under scrutiny.

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Money, K. E., B. S. Cheung, and N. M. Kirienko. "An Illusion of Reversed Direction in Hyperopes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 2 (October 1987): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.2.615.

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If a subject who is sufficiently farsighted removes his corrective, positive, lenses and looks with one eye from a distance of one or a few meters, at a small lighted area such as the (continuously “on”) indicator light of an electric toothbrush, razor, or smoke detector, and if a small object such as a pin is then moved slowly from above to below the subject's eyes (in a plane close to the eye), the subject will perceive the object moving normally from above to below until it encroaches on his view of the lighted area. The object will then be seen to encroach first on the bottom of the lighted area, and as the object continues to move down it will be seen to be moving up across the lighted area, exiting the lighted area at the top. Similarly, an object moved in front of the eye from the subject's left to his right will be seen by the subject to traverse the lighted area in the reverse direction, right to left, even though the subject moves the object himself. Also, while the object is in front of the lighted area, it is perceived as an upside down silhouette having surprisingly dear and sharp edges, and it appears to be located on the lighted area rather than close to the eye where it really is.

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Bernabei, Paola, Gemma Fenton, A. Fabrizi, Luigia Camaioni, and Paola Perucchini. "Profiles of Sensorimotor Development in Children with Autism and with Developmental Delay." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.3c.1107.

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Aim of the study was (1) to evaluate sensorimotor development of children with autism in comparison with that of children with developmental delay, (2) to verify the possible unevenness of the developmental profiles through correlations amongst domains and between domains and chronological age. 46 children with autism were compared with 45 children with developmental delay. Mean chronological age was 3.7 yr. in children with autism and 3.6 yr. in children with mental retardation. Mean mental age was 1.3 yr. in children with autism and 1.1 yr. in children with developmental delay. Ordinal scales of Uzgiris-Hunt show that the two groups score significantly differently on the scales of Object Permanence, Means-Ends, Operational Causality, and Spatial Relations and that scores were higher for the children with autism. The comparison made between the developmental levels of each group indicate that the sensorimotor profile in children with developmental delay is fairly homogeneous, while it appears uneven in autistic children, for whom Object Permanence appears to be the most advanced skill, Verbal and Gestural Imitation and Schemes for Relating to Objects the lowest. The results are in keeping with the assumption that the pivotal defect of autism is a deficit in social interactive skills.

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Gyulai, Elisabetta. "The “Jump” Effect." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (December 1996): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.707.

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The jump effect occurs when an object, for example, a small square, moves on a homogeneous background at a constant velocity along its path except for a short section wherein the velocity suddenly changes to a higher value. In correspondence with this increase, observers may report that the object appears to jump. The experiments reported here explored the velocity conditions which determine the occurrence of this perceptual jump. A difference of at least 15 cm/sec. between the two velocities of the object was necessary for the effect to occur with probability 0.5. With slightly lower frequency, the effect also occurred when the object increased its velocity to a higher constant value in a short part of its path and then stopped. For the phenomenal jump to occur in all the different conditions used, there had to be an optimal length of the path in which the object increased its velocity. Finally, both velocities, before and after this increase, influenced the jump, although each with different weight.

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KIM, DAE-NYEON, HOANG-HON TRINH, and KANG-HYUN JO. "OBJECTS SEGMENTATION USING MULTIPLE FEATURES FOR ROBOT NAVIGATION ON OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Information Acquisition 06, no. 02 (June 2009): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878909001862.

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This paper presents the method to recognize objects for autonomous robot navigation in outdoor environment. The proposition of the method segments from an image taken by a moving robot in an outdoor environment. The method begins with object segmentation, which uses multiple features to obtain the object of segmented region. Multiple features are color, context information, line segments, edge, Hue Co-occurrence Matrix (HCM), Principal Components (PCs) and Vanishing Points (VPs). We model the objects of outdoor environment that define their characteristics individually. We segment the region as a mixture using the proposed features and methods. Objects can be detected when we combine predefined multiple features. Next, the stage classifies the object into natural and artificial ones. We detect sky and trees of natural objects. And we detect building of artificial objects. The last stage shows the combination of appearance and context information. We implement the result of object segmentation using multiple features through experiments.

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Ginsburg, N. "The Organization of Visual Objects: Randomness." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 2 (October 1997): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.2.575.

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A method was described for determining whether or not a pattern of visual objects is arranged randomly. Based on distance to nearest neighbor, it includes three conditions and is designed to avoid Type I errors. Examples were given, and comparisons were made with other methods.

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Hough, Sigmund. "Recognition of Unfamiliar Faces and Common Objects by Neurologically Impaired-Learning Disabled and Normal Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.923.

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The performances of 29 normal and 29 neurologically impaired-learning disabled children (aged 7.3 to 15.3 yr.) were evaluated on unfamiliar face and common object recognition tasks. Although the normal children performed better, the relative difficulty of face and object recognition was the same for both groups.

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Chi, Chia-Fen, and Chin-Lung Chen. "Differential Threshold of Length and Response Criterion for Inspecting Irregular Objects." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 2 (October 1997): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.2.723.

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This research investigated human visual sensitivity and bias in inspecting irregular objects. A preliminary study was conducted using the method of constants to determine the threshold value for judgment of size. A factorial experiment was conducted using payoffs, rate of defective items, and detectability in the signal-detection theory as the factors. In total, eight experimental conditions were tested. 10 college students were recruited as subjects. Each subject was asked to compare 40 teapot shapes to a standard teapot shape under eight experimental conditions. Defective shapes were generated by lengthening the vertical dimension of a standard teapot shape by a factor of 1.01 and 1.04 for ‘low’ and ‘high’ detectability. The decision time and responses of ‘identical’ or ‘different’ were collected under all experimental conditions. Analysis indicates that the decision-making strategy used to inspect this irregular object was very close to maximizing the accuracy of decision-making by considering the rate of defective items. This result is different from most research findings in signal-detection theory in which responses of human beings are similar to degraded Bayes optimizers. The standard deviation of the signal distribution was about 1.30 and 1.41 times that of the noise distributions for ‘low’ and ‘high’ detectability.

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41

Vallejos, Rosa, Evelyn Fernández-Lizárraga, and Haley Patterson. "The role of information structure in the instantiation of objects: Evidence from Amazonian Spanish." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 13, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2020-2028.

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AbstractThis study analyzes the instantiation of objects in Peruvian Amazonian Spanish (PAS) discourse in two communities with distinct linguistic contexts. We examine the impact of two social variables (gender and place) and nine linguistic variables (transitivity, animacy, definiteness, anaphora function, anaphora expression, cataphora function, cataphora expression, activation, topic persistence) on the speech of eight participants. Our findings indicate that null instantiation in PAS is pervasive, occurring with a range of verb lexemes. While neither gender nor place are significant predictors of null objects, various linguistic variables contribute to the instantiation of objects. The five significant variables as determined by a mixed model regression analysis include the following: animacy, definiteness, anaphora expression, cataphora expression, and activation status. Several findings are consistent with previous research (e. g. human and definite referents disfavor null objects), while other results differ (e. g. PAS propositions disfavor null objects). Activation status and anaphora expression are the most significant predictors of null objects in PAS. In particular, highly accessible referents in discourse and anaphoric null objects favored null objects in subsequent clauses. Thus, the results in the present study demonstrate the pivotal role of information structure in object instantiation, furthering the discussion on syntax-discourse interplay phenomena.

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Nagata, Hiroshi. "Verb-Control Information in Parsing Japanese Reflexive Sentences." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 1 (August 1993): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.207.

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This study explores whether lexical information in verbs influences activation of an antecedent by a Japanese reflexive pronoun, jibun. Verb information specified that the reflexive was bound to an indirect object despite it being ordinarily associated with a subject in Japanese sentences. 30 students were administered a probe-recognition task in which a probe was given either for the subject or for the indirect object immediately after the reflexive or at the end of a sentence following the verb. Recognition times were faster for a subject-probe than for an indirect-object-probe regardless of the probe position. This finding indicates that the reflexive activates only the subject, and verb-control information is not immediately used when parsing Japanese sentences involving the reflexive.

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43

Leigh Star, Susan. "Ceci n'est pas un objet-frontière !" Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances Vol 4, 1, no. 1 (2010): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rac.009.0018.

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44

Szalai, John Paul. "The Statistics of Agreement on a Single Item or Object by Multiple Raters." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 2 (October 1993): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.2.377.

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Kappa on a single item Ksi is proposed as a measure of the interrater agreement when a single item or object is rated by multiple raters. A statistical test and Monte Carlo simulations are provided for testing the statistical significance of Ksi beyond chance agreement.

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45

Gyulai, Elisabetta. "The “Jump” and “Release” Effects: Some Observations on the Perception of Causality." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 2 (April 1997): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.2.547.

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Two experiments studied the “release” and “jump” effects. Suppose that—on a homogeneous background—a single object moving on a straight trajectory has a constant physical velocity along all its path except in the middle where this velocity is higher or lower for a short time. The release effect occurs when this velocity is lower and the jump effect when it is higher. In the release effect, the object appears to be released from something that held it back. In the jump effect, the object appears to make a jump forward. In line with Premack's 1990 view, these effects suggest a reclassification of causal phenomena in terms of the perceived origin of the change in movement. This origin is perceived as external in Michotte's launching effect and as both internal and external in the release effect and as internal in the jump effect.

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SHEPLEY, MAKDELLE McCUSKEY. "SPATIAL- VERSUS OBJECT-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENTS: PREFERENCE AND PERCEPTION." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 5 (2005): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.5.149-162.

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47

Shepley, Mardelle McCuskey. "Spatial- versus Object-Oriented Architectural Environments: Preference and Perception." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 1 (August 2005): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.1.149-162.

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This study examined changes in perceptual response and preference for a specific category of architectural environment by age groups. Understanding relationships among age, perception, and preference is important in creating more appropriate environments. The hypothesis was that individuals who score field-dependent on an Embedded Figures Test would prefer architectural environments which support spatial orientation, while individuals who are field-independent would prefer environments without information on spatial organization or an object-oriented space. It was also hypothesized that children and elderly persons would score more field-dependent and prefer spatially orienting spaces. 64 subjects ages 4 to 85 years were recruited from local schools, various organizations for seniors and adults, given the Embedded Figures Test to measure field dependence, and were compared. Their scores were compared by preference for one of the two environments. Hypotheses were not supported for the spaces overall, however, clear patterns regarding seating preference were identified. Children and seniors had significantly more field-dependent preferences.

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Kleine, Robert E., and Jerome B. Kernan. "Strategies for Object Identification and Confidence: Influence of Appearance, Amount of Context, and Familiarity." Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, no. 3 (December 1992): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.3.739.

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In an experimental study of the everyday, what-is-this? perceptual encounter, the strategies subjects used to identify a focal object were influenced by the object's physical appearance, the amount of context in which it was displayed, and subjects' familiarity with the object. These factors also affected subjects' confidence in the accuracy of their identifications. The results appear to support the contention that visual processing is a middle-out rather than either a top-down or bottom-up sequence.

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Taylor, Robert. "Effects of Age of Acquisition, Word Frequency, and Familiarity on Object Recognition and Naming in Dementia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 2 (October 1998): 573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.573.

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116 patients with established dementia completed a short confrontation naming test. Naming latency correlated -.69 (Kendall τ, p<.001) with general frequency of the name of the object. Recognition failure correlated .53 with age of acquisition of the name and —.58 with familiarity of the object. These and other correlations are not in accord with recent findings from studies of normal people. More extensive studies of these relationships in dementia, where disorders of recognition and naming are common, would be informative.

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Miller, D. Gary. "Gerund and gerundive in Latin." Diachronica 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 293–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.17.2.03mil.

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SUMMARY The Latin gerundive has three distinctive properties: (i) agreement with thematic object; (ii) ungrammaticality of lexical thematic subject; and (iii) inability to take both a specifier (determiner) and a complement while infinitives can have both. A case- theoretic account within the Minimalist framework of Chomsky (1995) explains all three of these properties at once. The oldest documents in Italic and Latin support the hypothesis that the gerundive is older than the gerund + acc object. The most frequent exception to obligatory agreement into the Classical Period involves a gerundial with multiple objects, where the gender/number mismatch blocked standard agreement. Furthermore, agreement (motivated by gender conflict) with the nearest masculine or neuter D/NP was perceptually equivalent to a gerund + acc object. These two cues, in conjunction with the increase in impersonals in -um and possible word order changes, were deterministic triggers for the Latin change that introduced gerund + acc object. As a parameter setting in Italic, as in West Greenlandic, non-structural case assigned to a clause blocked checking of structural case within. In Italic, this forced the thematic object to raise for case, prompting the erroneous notion that the gerundive is passive, but there is never a change in valence. The (Proto-)Latin change was for PRO to accommodate non- structural case (from a non-overt assigner) to license structural object case checking, whence the gerund with acc object. RÉSUMÉ Le gérondif latin se distingue par trois caractéristiques: (i) son accord avec son objet thématique (ii) le statut non-grammatical de son sujet thématique (iii) l’incapacité de permettre un déterminant ainsi qu’un complément, alor les constructions infinitives peuvent accepter les deux. Un explication tiré de la “cas-théorie” selon le programme minimalist de Chomsky regroupe d’un coup ces trois caractéristiques. Les documents les plus anciens de l’italique et du latin soutiennent l’hypotèse que le gérondif prédate la construction gérond + complément accusatif. Dans l’exception la plus fréquente à concord obligatoire, un gérondial a plusieurs objets et il n’y a pas de concord ordinaire parce que le gendre et le nombre ne s’accordent pas. En ce cas, on trouve le concord avec le NP le plus proche. Une telle situation, avec un accroissement des constructions impersonelles, permet et détermine le changement en latin de la construction avec le gérondif à la construction gérond + complément accusatif. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das lateinische Gerundiv hat drei charakteristische Eigenschaften: (1) Kongruenz mit dem logischen Objekt; (2) Ungrammatikalität eines lexikalischen Agens-Arguments; und (3) Beschränkung auf entweder einen Specifier oder ein Komplement, im Gegensatz zu den Infinitiven, bei denen die Beiden auftreten können. Eine kasustheoretische Analyse im Rahmen von Chomskys (1995) Minimalistischen Programm erklärt alle drei Eigenschaften. Die ältesten literarischen Quellen zum Italischen und Lateinischen unterstützen die Hypothese, dass das Gerundiv älter ist als das Gerundium mit Akkusativobjekt. Die häufigste Ausnahme von der obligatorischen Kongruenz bis in die klassische Zeit ist die Gerundialkonstruktion mit mehreren Objekten, bei der ein Genus/Numerus-Konflikt die übliche Kongruenz verhinderte. Zudem war die Kongruenz (von widersprüchlichem Genus motiviert) mit der nächstliegenden maskulinen oder neutralen D/NP nicht von einem Gerundium mit Akkusativobjekt zu unterscheiden. Diese beiden Hinweise, zusammen mit der gestiegenen Zahl von unpersönlichen Konstruktionen auf -um und möglichen Änderungen der Wortstellung, waren die entscheidenden Anlässe für die Änderung, die das Gerundium mit Akkusativobjekt hervorbrachte.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PMS Objekt'

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