Academic literature on the topic 'PMTCT services'

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Journal articles on the topic "PMTCT services"

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Kays, Megan, Godfrey Woelk, Tegan Callahan, Leila Katirayi, Michele Montandon, Felluna Chauwa, Anne Laterra, et al. "Evaluating the effect of a community score card among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in two districts in Malawi." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): e0255788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255788.

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Malawi faces challenges with retaining women in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services. We evaluated Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Inc. (CARE’s) community score card (CSC) in 11 purposively selected health facilities, assessing the effect on: (1) retention in PMTCT services, (2) uptake of early infant diagnosis (EID), (3) collective efficacy among clients, and (4) self-efficacy among health care workers (HCWs) in delivering quality services. The CSC is a participatory community approach. In this study, HCWs and PMTCT clients identified issues impacting PMTCT service quality and uptake and implemented actions for improvement. A mixed-methods, pre- and post-intervention design was used to evaluate the intervention. We abstracted routine clinical data on retention in PMTCT services for HIV-positive clients attending their first antenatal care visit and EID uptake for their infants for 8-month periods before and after implementation. To assess collective efficacy and self-efficacy, we administered questionnaires and conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) pre- and post-intervention with PMTCT clients recruited from CSC participants, and HCWs providing HIV care from facilities. Retention of HIV-positive women in PMTCT services at three and six months and EID uptake was not significantly different pre- and post-implementation. For the clients, the collective efficacy scale average improved significantly post-intervention, (p = 0.003). HCW self-efficacy scale average did not improve. Results from the FGDs highlighted a strengthened relationship between HCWs and PMTCT clients, with clients reporting increased satisfaction with services. However, the data indicated continued challenges with stigma and fear of disclosure. While CSC may foster mutual trust and respect between HCWs and PMTCT clients, we did not find it improved PMTCT retention or EID uptake within the short duration of the study period. More research is needed on ways to improve service quality and decrease stigmatized behaviors, such as HIV testing and treatment services, as well as the longer-term impacts of interventions like the CSC on clinical outcomes.
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John, Lugata, Nesister Odero, Jackson Nziku, and Bernard Njau. "Gap analysis between expectations and perceptions of pregnant women attending Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission of HIV services in a private referral hospital in northern Tanzania: A cross-sectional descriptive study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 22, 2021): e0257771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257771.

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Objective Pregnant women satisfaction with the Prevention of Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission services is an essential parameter in the determination of the quality of care and performance. This study aimed to measure the gap between pregnant women expectations of PMTCT services and perceptions of the actual PMTCT services and the relationship between their service gap scores and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study design was conducted from August to September 2020 on a sample of 105 participants. A pre-tested SERVIQUAL questionnaire was used to collect data and paired sample t-test, independent one-sample t-test, and one–way ANOVA was used to compare mean service gap scores. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The overall mean gap score was (+ 0.31) indicating pregnant women perceived value of the quality of care of PMTCT services. The gap score in the 5 service dimensions was as follows: empathy (+0.49), tangibles (+0.43), assurance (+0.22), responsiveness (+0.20), and reliability (+0.19). Marital status (p-value 0.031) was the only social demographic characteristic associated with pregnant women service gap scores. Conclusion Overall, pregnant women perceptions of PMTCT services provided in the RCH clinic at KCMC were meet. Marital status was associated with the overall pregnant women service gap scores and perceived quality of care with PMTCT services. Pregnant women who were married had small service gap scores compared to either divorced or widowed or cohabiting women.
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Akal, Chalachew Genet, and Dessie Tegegne Afework. "Status of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Services Utilization and Factors Affecting PMTCT Service Uptake by Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic in Selected Health Facilities of Afar Regional State, Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (December 12, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5127090.

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Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the predominant way for children to acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide including Ethiopia. Thus, objective of this study was to determine the status of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services utilization and factors affecting PMTCT utilization in health facilities of Afar region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to April 2015 taking 347 pregnant women and 22 health care providers. Data were collected using a questioner prepared separately for pregnant women and health care providers involved in PMTCT service delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS considering P value <0.05 statistical significant. The study indicated that the PMTCT service utilization was 67.7%. The study also showed that there is statistically significant association in using PMTCT service with women education level, monthly income, and residence around PMTCT site. Though not statistically significant, excess waiting time, limited physical access to PMTCT sites, and transportation problem were identified as barriers for PMTCT service utilization by pregnant women. Though knowledge of mothers on MTCT of HIV and PMTCT service utilization in agropostural community of Afar region was promising, there were also different barriers identified hindering PMTCT utilization. Thus, we recommend “Wored” and zonal health office to create awareness on significance of PMTCT service in the community, enhance accessibility of PMTCT sites, provide up-to-date trainings for health care providers, and ensure constant supply for PMTCT service.
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Wahyuniar, Lely. "THE OUTCOME OF PMTCT GUIDELINE IMPLEMENTATION TOWARDS THE PROGRAM PERFORMANCE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF HIV TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER TO CHILD IN DENPASAR CITY." International Seminar of Gender Equity Maternal and Child Health 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34305/gemic.v1i1.319.

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UNAIDS report on the level of HIV transmission from mother to child shows that Indonesia is in the highest rank in the world. This study aims to conduct rapid assessment about the full extent of PMTCT program and services in Denpasar City, Bali. This study located Denpasar City as a capital of Bali with high HIV cases and currently apply PMTCT services. The study conducted through FGDs, in-depth interview and observation in the primary health centers and hospitals. The data was validated by triangulating data from several sources. The results showed that the there is no specific local policy for PMTCT programs and services. There is no PMTCT program management guideline or SOP for PMTCT services at the Health Office and primary health centers. In Denpasar City there are already 5 primary health centers that provide comprehensive HIV and AIDS prevention and treatment services (LKB), and this includes providing PMTCT services consisting of HIV testing and ARV treatment for pregnant women. However, there is no ARV treatment for infant, this service must be obtained at general hospital through a referral mechanism. There is funding from local government (APBD) to buy diagnostic test for HIV and to capacity strengthening of human resources, but no support for further laboratory examinations. The empowerment for midwives to be involved in PMTCT program is limited, there has never been a comprehensive training on PMTCT and no empowerment of private practice midwives for PMTCT. The assistance’s activities to ensure ARV adherence is limited. There has been assistance for HIV positive mothers by NGOs in Denpasar City. Women with HIV still get stigma and discrimination from the community and health workers. There are also some challenges in data input, including error in inputting the data that need permission to edit it. It is recommended to improve: the HIV test coverage to 100% for pregnant women (for the first 90); the coverage and quality of ARV treatment (for the second 90); the capacity of PMTCT human resources; the commitment of local government; and data utilization.
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Ibobo, Judith A., Ezekiel Uba Nwose, and Helen Chime. "Reducing the mother-to-child transmission of HIV: findings from an early infant diagnosis program in Delta state Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175085.

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Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV has been a global issue being addressed with prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) strategy. Nigeria is said to be responsible for 30% of the global burden of MTCT of HIV. Hence, Delta state of Nigeria had implemented its own PMTCT in line with the global plan to eliminate MTCT. This paper evaluates the determinants and level of effectives of PMTCT with a view to develop a framework to review the program in Delta state.Methods: This was a narrative literature review which aimed at appraising available reports on PMTCT services and related data. In particular, the ‘Delta state development performance: health sector report 1991–2013’ was appraised. Results: Generally, Delta state has improved on infant survival better than national baseline. Specifically, on PMTCT, more women (average 2.9%) than men (average 2.1%) have tested positive for HIV in the 5 years period of 2008–2012 free screening. Further, the report indicates that the State has achieved 78% of eligible facilities offering PMTCT services in the state, but only 23% coverage of pregnancies. Conclusions: In the context of cost effectiveness as well as improvement in service delivery, there is a need to investigate the success rates of health facilities that are offering PMTCT services. There is also need to investigate the barriers to PMTCT that may be prevailing in Delta state.
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Chingombe, Innocent, Munyaradzi P. Mapingure, Shirish Balachandra, Tendayi N. Chipango, Fiona Gambanga, Angela Mushavi, Tsitsi Apollo, et al. "Patient costs for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission and antiretroviral therapy services in public health facilities in Zimbabwe." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): e0256291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256291.

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Zimbabwe has made large strides in addressing HIV. To ensure a continued robust response, a clear understanding of costs associated with its HIV program is critical. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation in 2017 to estimate the annual average patient cost for accessing Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) services (through antenatal care) and Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) services in Zimbabwe. Twenty sites representing different types of public health facilities in Zimbabwe were included. Data on patient costs were collected through in-person interviews with 414 ART and 424 PMTCT adult patients and through telephone interviews with 38 ART and 47 PMTCT adult patients who had missed their last appointment. The mean and median annual patient costs were examined overall and by service type for all participants and for those who paid any cost. Potential patient costs related to time lost were calculated by multiplying the total time to access services (travel time, waiting time, and clinic visit duration) by potential earnings (US$75 per month assuming 8 hours per day and 5 days per week). Mean annual patient costs for accessing services for the participants was US$20.00 [standard deviation (SD) = US$80.42, median = US$6.00, range = US$0.00–US$12,18.00] for PMTCT and US$18.73 (SD = US$58.54, median = US$8.00, range = US$0.00–US$ 908.00) for ART patients. The mean annual direct medical costs for PMTCT and ART were US$9.78 (SD = US$78.58, median = US$0.00, range = US$0.00–US$ 90) and US$7.49 (SD = US$60.00, median = US$0.00) while mean annual direct non-medical cost for US$10.23 (SD = US$17.35, median = US$4.00) and US$11.23 (SD = US$25.22, median = US$6.00, range = US$0.00–US$ 360.00). The PMTCT and ART costs per visit based on time lost were US$3.53 (US$1.13 to US$8.69) and US$3.43 (US$1.14 to US$8.53), respectively. The mean annual patient costs per person for PMTCT and ART in this evaluation will impact household income since PMTCT and ART services in Zimbabwe are supposed to be free.
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Nkhoma, Nicola, Linda Alinane Nyondo-Mipando, Chandra Makanjee, Nellie Dominica Myburgh, and Peter Suwirakwenda Nyasulu. "“What Will I Be Doing There Among So Many Women?”: Perceptions on Male Support in Prevention of Mother to Child Services in Lilongwe, Malawi." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1986544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19865442.

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Participation of males in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs remains a challenge despite the implementation of guidelines. The study aimed at exploring male involvement in the PMTCT program at a primary health facility in Lilongwe, Malawi. Focus group discussions and in-depth individual interviews were used to collect data from health care workers, men, and women who were attending PMTCT services. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants who were purposively identified. Alcohol consumption, pressure from work places, stigma, role conflict, denial or nondisclosure of HIV status among women, and lack of awareness were among factors found to hinder male participation in PMTCT services. Therefore, to have an effective PMTCT program, male involvement is needed as this could positively influence the delivery of interventions including antiretroviral treatment among HIV-infected pregnant women. As such, health education awareness campaigns emphasizing the value of men in PMTCT services should be reinforced.
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Suryanti, Putu Emy, Komang Ayu Kartika Sari, Pande Putu Januraga, and Dinar Lubis. "Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v6i1.13.

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AbstractBackground and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program.Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.
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Suryanti, Putu Emy, Komang Ayu Kartika Sari, Pande Putu Januraga, and Dinar Lubis. "Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Journal 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/pphma.v6i1.13.

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AbstractBackground and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program.Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.
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Yacobson, Irina, Morrisa Malkin, and Elena Lebetkin. "Increasing Access and Adherence to the PMTCT Cascade: Is There a Role for Economic Strengthening Interventions?" International Journal of Population Research 2016 (June 27, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4039012.

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Interventions aimed at prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV are extremely effective but remain underutilized in many countries. Common economic barriers to PMTCT experienced by pregnant women with HIV are well documented. Addressing these economic barriers has a potential to improve PMTCT utilization and further reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. This review examines the evidence of the effects economic strengthening (ES) interventions have on use of and adherence to PMTCT and other health services relevant to PMTCT cascade. While very few studies on ES interventions were conducted in PMTCT settings, the results of a recent randomised trial demonstrate that conditional cash transfers offered to women in PMTCT programme can significantly improve retention in care and adherence to treatment. This review also considers evidence on ES interventions conducted within other health care settings relevant to PMTCT cascade. While the evidence from other settings is promising, it may not be fully applicable to PMTCT and more quality research on ES interventions among population of pregnant women with HIV is needed. Answering some of the research questions formulated by this review can provide more evidence for programme implementers and guide decisions about how to increase women’s use of and adherence to PMTCT services.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PMTCT services"

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Jumare, Fadila. "Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV/AIDS: a review of using PMTCT services in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011508.

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Despite good intentions and commitment from health providers, it is difficult for HIV positive pregnant women to access Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services (Skinner et al 2005:115). The aim of this research was to find out the extent to which socio-economic and cultural factors influence access to and utilization of PMTCT services. It appeared that despite having a legal plan and framework to ensure that PMTCT services are available and free, the realities confronting HIV positive women in South Africa as suggested by the literature contradicted this objective. Inevitably, these contradictions were identified as some of the main factors contributing to lack of access and inadequate utilization of PMTCT services. These factors were identified through a review of fifteen studies selected based on their relevance to the research aim. The findings were presented according to the following themes: Functioning of clinics, adherence to ART, uptake of VCT and infant feeding practices. According to research evidence, the major socio-cultural factors influencing access and utilization of PMTCT services include fear of stigma and discrimination which are related to cultural norms and practices. The socio-economic factors include transport costs, lack of food, medicines and formula milk which are all related to poverty and unemployment. The research also found that health system constraints such as long waiting times in clinics, stock-outs of formula milk, medicines and test kits influenced the utilization of PMTCT services by HIV positive women.
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Magaso, Farai Beverley. "Assessing the barriers to accessing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Marondera Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11433.

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Although Zimbabwe has invested in nationwide scale-up of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services, high HIV-specific under-five mortality rates continue to be observed. This study aimed to document the potential reasons for low PMTCT uptake by examining factors constraining access to PMTCT services.
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Paul, Unathi Mecia. "Challenges faced by midwives in implementing the prevention of mother to child transmission programme during the post-natal period at Khayelitsha Community Health Clinic, Western Cape Province." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4903.

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Magister Curationis - MCur
Background: In the South Africa, the number of HIV- positive pregnant women is rising and has resulted in more than 70,000 babies being born with HIV infection annually since the year 2000. In response to the escalating number of HIV-positive pregnant women, the Department of Health of South Africa, decided, in 2002, to implement the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programme at 18 pilot sites in the country. An effective PMTCT programme could reduce the incidences of maternal and child mortalities in the country. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the PMTCT programme that was done in 2010 showed that, although the programme was rendered effectively during pregnancy and labour, there were still irregularities that appeared, especially during the postnatal period. Khayelitsha was the first pilot site in South Africa to provide Antiretroviral Therapy and initiate the Nurse Initiated Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (NIMART) at primary care level in the public sector. Midwives are the health professionals who render the PMTCT services to HIV-positive mothers and their babies until six weeks post-delivery. They have managed to test almost 100% of pregnant women during the antenatal period and the HIV-positive women were started on the PMTCT programme during their first visit. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the challenges that midwives faced in rendering care to postnatal HIV-positive mothers enrolled in the PMTCT programme at the Khayelitsha Community Health Clinic in the Western Province of South Africa. Method: An exploratory design and qualitative approach was followed. The study population consisted of midwives who were rendering PMTCT services to HIV-positive mothers and their infants during the postnatal period. Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation was reached. Six participants were included in the sample. The participants were informed about the study by means of an Information Sheet, advised that the study was voluntary and reminded that they could withdraw from the study at any time, without prejudice. In-depth, unstructured individual interviews were conducted with each of the participants. With the permission of participants, an audio tape recorder was used during the interviews to collect data, while the researcher took field notes to supplement and verify the voice recordings, after the interviews. The seven steps of Colaizzi were used to analyse the data. Six themes and sixteen sub-themes emerged during the data analysis. Trustworthinesswas maintained by using the criteria of Guba’s model, i.e. credibility, transferability, conformability and dependability. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the appropriate ethical committees; the Department of Health, the Khayelitsha Community Health Clinic, as well as, the Senate Research Committee of the University of the Western Cape. Participants were asked to sign Informed Consent forms before participating in the study. The ethical principles of privacy, anonymity, withdrawal, confidentiality and consent were strictly adhered to. Findings: The study found several challenges faced by midwives while implementing the PMTCT programme during the postnatal period. These challenges included: the shortage of NIMART-trained staff attending to the high number of clients per day; the lack of manpower with data base systems to trace mothers who did not come back after delivery; and mothers who did not come back for postnatal appointments because of denial, non-disclosed HIV status and socioeconomic reasons. Furthermore, the participants also reported on midwives experiencing ‘burnout’ as a result of the hectic working environment at the Khayelitsha Community Health Clinic. Recommendations: There is an urgent need for all midwives in the MOU’s to be NIMART-trained. NIMART should be standardize and be the part of the curriculum that taught in all the tertiary institutions and be updated in a yearly basis as part of the in-service training or education for all practising midwives. The South African Government should introduce home visits in the PMTCT programme. Data-bases of all MOU’s and facilities that offer PMTCT services need to be synchronized and these MOU’s and facilities should all follow the same PMTCT guidelines. Further research should be done on the same topic at other clinics and MOU’s that render the PMTCT programme in the Western Cape.
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Murithi, Lydia. "A Positive Dimension: Exploring Factors that Enhance Utilization of and Adherence to Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV Services in an Urban Setting in Kenya." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3005.

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Despite expansive scale-up of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services in Kenya over the last decade, Kenya remains one of the countries contributing high numbers of children living with HIV globally and among the 22 PMTCT global plan priority countries. Using a mixed methods approach this study examined enabling factors –individual, social and structural – that enhance utilization of and adherence to PMTCT services in a plural urban setting in Kenya. The study was conducted from October-December of 2012 at St. Mary’s Mission Hospital, Lang’ata. HIV-positive birthmothers whose infants were HIV-negative at the time of the study were purposively selected to participate. All informants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire (n = 55) and a subset (n = 15) participated in in-depth interviews. Contrary to the assertions of multiple studies that failures of PMTCT programs are a result of inadequate knowledge of mother-to-child transmission and PMTCT interventions, lack of support and acceptance by family and community, as well as poor quality of services, this study found these factors to be statistically insignificant in explaining PMTCT achievements. The study further found that HIV/AIDS related stigma and gender imbalances create many missed opportunities for HIV-positive mothers to apply acquired knowledge on mother-to-child transmission and PMTCT interventions, mobilize support from family and community, and access more affordable care. Factors found to influence women’s decisions to utilize and adhere to PMTCT services include supportive counseling, striving for motherhood, maternal attachment and concern for the child’s wellbeing, assurance of confidentiality and testimonials of other successful mothers. Based on the study findings, policy recommendations have been proposed along with suggestions for future research.
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Akpabio, Alma. "Attitude, perceptions and behaviour towards family planning amongst women attending PMTCT services at Oshakati Intermediate Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9300_1362391815.

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Background: About 22.4 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2008 out of which women constitute approximately 57%. Namibia is one of the highly affected countries with a national HIV prevalence of 17.8% among women attending antenatal clinics. Antiretroviral medications have become available in Namibia since 2002 and presently all district hospitals and some health centres provide ARVs to those in need. Namibia is rated as one of the few countries in sub-Sahara Africa with a high coverage of ART, with 80% of those in need of ART receiving the treatment. An increasing trend has been observed whereby HIV+ women on ARV are becoming pregnant. Little is known about the attitude, knowledge and behavior of these women towards family planning and use of contraceptives and what barriers they may be facing in accessing these services.Aim: To determine the factors affecting the utilization of family planning services by HIV+ pregnant women receiving PMTCT services. Methodology: The study was a cross sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the critical elements of knowledge, attitude and perceptions of the study participants towards family planning services. The study also assessed the health system and other factors that impact on the use of contraceptives by HIV+ women. It was conducted in northern Namibia at Oshakati Health centre among randomly selected pregnant HIV+ women attending for PMTCT services.Results: Among the 113 respondents, who participated in the study, 97.3% knew at least one method of family planning but only 53.6% actually used any method of contraception prior to current pregnancy. Among the 46.4% who did not use any contraception, the reasons often cited for non-use were because they wanted a baby (52%), spouse objection (10%), being afraid of the effects (14%) and other reasons such as belief, culture and distance to travel to the health facility. 88% of the respondents indicated a willingness to use contraceptives after current pregnancy and expressed general satisfaction with services at the health centre while asking for more information on family planning services.Conclusion: HIV+ women have high awareness on some contraceptives but use of contraceptives is not as high as many of them have a desire to have children for self esteem and leave a legacy for the future. Knowledge of the risks of pregnancy on HIV+ woman may be limited and there is a need to improve educational intervention in this regard as well as integrate family planning services into all HIV/AIDS services.

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Behumbiize, Prosper T. "Factors influencing male’s involvement in prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services in Kibaale District, Uganda." UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2683.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Globally, approximately 600,000 infants each year are born with HIV infection in Sub-Saharan Africa as a result of mother to child transmission (MTCT) (UNAIDS, 2001). Whereas there is significant progress in reduction of mother to child transmission of HIV in Uganda, the Western Region of Uganda has low rates of PMTCT service utilization. The progress has been hampered by many factors including low male involvement (MOH, 2005). The main objective of this study was therefore to identify some of the factors that discourage men from participating in PMCT services in this region. The study was conducted in Kibaale District in the Western Region of Uganda for a period of one month in mid 2009. Data was collected using a qualitative methodology. The tools that were used for data collection were key informant in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) guides. Data was collected from PMTCT service providers, women of reproductive age group and men whose partners had given birth during the last year (2008). For the focus groups, a purposive sample of men and women who had some children born in 2008, followed by random sampling from the list of potential subjects was used to select participants. The study sample comprised of three FGDs of women who had given birth in year 2008 and male partners of women who had also given birth in 2008. Each FGD consisted of eight participants. One FGD was with women only, the other with men only, while the third was with both men and women.
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Ski, Samantha M. "Diffusion and Adoption of Policies for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and their Effect on the Delivery of Key PMTCT Services in Eastern and Southern Africa." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10145741.

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With the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission by 2015, a wide range of governmental and other efforts within low- and middle-income countries have sought to provide services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) to the estimated 1.2 million pregnant women in need. In support of this goal, the World Health Organization (WHO), as the leading normative international body in the area of evidence-based clinical guidelines, issued policy recommendations on the use of antiretroviral drugs for PMTCT. Through various mechanisms, including guidance notes and dissemination workshops, WHO supports countries to adopt and adapt the guidelines within their national policy frameworks. Through three analyses, this dissertation examines the diffusion of WHO PMTCT guidelines in five Eastern and Southern African countries over a 16-year period (1998-2013) and estimates the effect of PMTCT policy adoption on delivery of key services.

The first analysis of the adoption of specific PMTCT guideline updates between 1998 and 2013 seeks to ascertain which internal factors may explain why and when countries decided to adopt new technical guidance. The policy analysis shows that the five countries adopted a majority of the key international PMTCT technical guidance updates. It can be concluded that international to national policy diffusion was taking place and that national policies converged to be more similar and more in line with international guidelines over the time period studied. Variation in adoption and in the internal determinants at play in each country was minimal, making it difficult to assess the influence of determinants qualitatively. The three internal determinants that appeared to most influence adoption of key PMTCT updates were: 1) the severity of the MTCT problem 2) governance effectiveness, and 3) prior PMTCT policy adoption. The lag between adoption and implementation in these countries is discussed. The findings indicate that in the countries studied, policies promoted by WHO and other international bodies can play a critical role in supporting national policy adoption for program advancement in the area of PMTCT.

The second and third analyses investigate whether the completeness of a country’s body of PMTCT-supporting policies was associated with the delivery of two key PMTCT services – the offer of an HIV test and the receipt of HIV counseling as a part of antenatal care (ANC) – in four of the five countries included in the first analysis. Two nationally representative surveys per country were used to conduct a quasi-experimental fixed-effects analysis of the role of policy in predicting a woman’s probability of being offered an HIV test or receiving HIV counseling in ANC, controlling for other key individual- and country-level covariates.

According to the ‘testing’ model, a one-unit increase in policy score was associated with a 0.042 (p<0.000) increase in the probability that a woman was offered an HIV test as a part of antenatal care. According to the ‘counseling’ model, a one-unit increase in policy score was associated with a 0.014 (p<0.001) increase in the probability that a woman received HIV counseling as a part of antenatal care. In both the testing and counseling models, the policy/education interaction was statistically significant in the final model, with a greater policy effect estimated at among those with higher education levels. Time statistically significantly influenced the probability of the outcome, as did government health spending, governance effectiveness, and donor health spending. Further study is needed to identify the policy elements that have the most impact on improving service delivery.

The three analyses presented here support the premise that international health policies influence national-level policy adoption, and that national-level policy adoption in turn influences national service outputs. As countries and their development partners mobilize for the Sustainable Development Goal era, policy adoption at the international level will continue to be an important influence in national policy adoption in the area of PMTCT. This research has described a number of potential internal and external determinants that will influence national adoption in this next round of global health policy advocacy. Looking forward, this study shows that countries and their development partners should continue to invest in the work of policy adoption to complement other efforts to reach health goals, including increased government health spending.

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Uwimana, Jeannine. "Community participation in collaborative tuberculosis and HIV activities including prevention of mother- to- child- transmission (PMTCT): development and evaluation of an intervention to enhance integration of TB/HIV/PMTCT services in a rural area of South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5139.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The epidemiological interconnectedness of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics is well documented. Although international agencies such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) have been advocating for the implementation of collaborative TB/HIV activities at all levels in order to mitigate the impact of the dual epidemic on communities, health care delivery and programme management, its implementation has been very slow, particularly in countries highly burdened with TB/HIV infection, such as South Africa. Provision of integrated TB/HIV services has been partial and sub-optimal at community level. This requires innovative interventions that go beyond health facility boundaries such as engaging community care workers (CCWs). This thesis presents ways of engaging community members such as CCWs in collaborative TB/HIV activities including prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Methods: Both action research and health systems strengthening research were used as theoretical frameworks. The study was conducted in three phases which consisted of: a situational analysis; design and implementation of the intervention; and evaluation of the intervention. Mixed method research using both quantitative and qualitative research methods in one study was conducted, and various research designs were used depending on the research questions and the study phases. Results: The findings of Phase I of this study highlight partial integration of TB/HIV/PMTCT services at facility and community levels, and sub-optimal provision of integrated services, particularly at community level where only 10% of TB and HIV patients needing care at community level were supported by CCWs. Most TB-HIV co-infected patients were managed at the primary health care (PHC) clinic level of care, compared to other levels (p<0.05), and less than 50% of PHC clinic staff were trained in TB and HIV management. This phase also indicates poor linkage between facility and CCWs through the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) managing CCWs. In addition, it identifies various health systems barriers that impede the implementation of collaborative TB/HIV/PMTCT activities and involvement of CCWs in the mainstream of the primary health care system. The findings of Phase II and III show that integrating different CCW cadres into one cadre and expanding their scope of practice to provide a comprehensive package of care for TB/HIV/PMTCT is a feasible and an effective intervention to accelerate the implementation of collaborative TB/HIV activities, including PMTCT, at community level. In addition, the findings suggest that up-skilled CCWs contribute significantly to bridging the current service delivery gaps in vertical TB, HIV and PMTCT services by increasing coverage for case finding of TB (38%) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (40%), PMTCT services (infant feeding, referral for PCR and AZT adherence support) (30%), and TB and antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence (30%, 28%). The increase in uptake of TB/HIV/PMTCT services was statistically significant (p<0.05). Provision of home-based HIV counseling and testing by CCWs proved to be acceptable and feasible. Of 684 people offered home based HCT, 634 (82%) accepted to be tested and 45 (7%) tested HIV positive. However, other PHC care services such as integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) and referrals to social welfare were poorly provided. Conclusion and Recommendations: The findings indicated that up-skilling CCWs resulted in improvement of CCW's performance in provision of integrated TB/HIV/PMTCT services, particularly for TB and STI symptom screening, HCT, infant feeding counselling and AZT treatment support for PMTCT, and treatment adherence support for TB and ART. However, this study emphasised the need for addressing contextual and health systems issues such as structural, organisational and managerial constraints. There is a need to reorganise the PHC system to ensure that CCWs are integrated as part of the PHC system. Systematic skills building and consistent CCW supervision, with reliable referral and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems are required for efficiency and sustainability of any community based intervention. It is also necessary to ensure that other PHC activities, such as referral for social welfare and IMCI, are not compromised when additional activities are added to the CCW care package.
This research was made financially possible by the, African Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship (ADDRF) of the African Population and Health Research Centre, in partnership with the International Development Research Centre and Ford Foundation. South African Tuberculosis AIDS Training (SATBAT): a South African/US research training collaboration funded by Fogarty International Center Grant 1U2RTW007370-01A1).
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Van, den Akker Thomas. "Constructive integration : changes in uptake and outcomes of reproductive health services during the scaling up of ART and PMTCT in Thyolo District, Malawi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12621.

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Background: In recent years there has been increasing debate about the impact of scaled-up ART and PMTCT programmes on the uptake and outcomes of reproductive health services, in particular the potential detrimental effects of HIV-care on the overall capacity of fragile health systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the uptake of reproductive health services as well as the main pregnancy outcomes during the scaling up of ART and PMTCT in Thyolo District, Malawi. Methods : Study design: retrospective descriptive district-wide cohort analysis for the period 2005 to 2009. Setting: Thyolo District, an area with around 600,000 inhabitants, an adult HIV-prevalence of 21% and a Total Fertility Rate of 5.7 in 2004. HIV-care including ART and PMTCT was scaled up since 2004 in Thyolo District to reach district-wide coverage in 2007. HIV-care is provided at district hospital, health centre and community health post levels. Outcomes: uptake of antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care, family planning and treatment of sexually transmitted infections; infrastructural changes, and changes in maternal and perinatal pregnancy outcome. Data collection and analysis: data were collected from facility antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum records, as well as from MoH and MSF databases maintained for routine programme monitoring. Chisquare tests were performed comparing the baseline year (2005) with the year of study end (2009). Results: Uptake of peripartum care had improved markedly by the end of the five-year study period: the percentages of pregnant women who took up antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care increased by 30%, 25% and 20% respectively. The number of family planning consultations increased by almost 50% and the number of women treated for sexually transmitted infections more than doubled. Interactions between HIV-care and general reproductive health care had positive effects on key health system components, including governance, health financing, human resources and drug supply. Reliable pregnancy outcome indicators for the entire observation period were difficult to obtain due to likely under-reporting of facility-based maternal and perinatal mortality. However, previously documented results from Thyolo show a reduction of facility-based severe maternal complications, including uterine rupture, between 2007 and 2009. Conclusions: Uptake of reproductive health services and facility-based maternal outcomes increased markedly during the period of HIV scale–up. This implies that the scale up of HIV-care did not inhibit, and likely increased, uptake of reproductive health services, while quality improvements in perinatal care could still be successfully implemented. The finding that ART and PMTCT care may be successfully integrated into broader reproductive health services with satisfying outcomes is a strong argument for continued scale up of ART and PMTCT in similar settings.
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Nguni, Catherine Musakanya. "Exploration and description of barriers to male participation in antenatal and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (pmtct) services in Mumbwa district, in Zambia." University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3918.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
The reproductive health of women is hugely dependent on the involvement of their male partners. Men also serve as gatekeepers to women’s access to reproductive health services. Male involvement is an important recommendation for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program as their participation in antenatal care and HIV testing has been found to decrease infant HIV infection and increase HIV free survival. Male involvement is not just about promoting men to accompany their partners to antenatal clinic, but for men to provide supportive roles in their families, and also to bring men into HIV preventive and care services. Male involvement in PMTCT is defined as the fathers’ active involvement in attending antenatal care services and HIV testing during the antenatal period as well as the couple’s acceptance of PMTCT if the mother is found to be HIV positive. Men are traditionally not directly involved in their partner’s health in many sub-Saharan countries, although they most often make decisions about use of services. They may provide financial support but attending health services with their partner is not seen as part of the male’s role. There are therefore huge challenges in efforts to get men involved in reproductive health services and there is a need to better understand how to promote male involvement in different settings. Male involvement in PMTCT was adopted by the Zambian Government in 1999 but not much is known on how best to initiate and develop male involvement in their partner’s health.
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Books on the topic "PMTCT services"

1

Zimbabwe. Ministry of Health and Child Welfare. Final report: EPI/PMTCT pilot project : "integration of health services for HIV-exposed infants into routine immunisation services.". Harare]: Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, 2008.

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Muita, Wairimu. Situation response analysis of PMTCT, VCT and comprehensive care treatment services in Zanzibar: Final report. Zanzibar: Zanzibar Revolutionary Government, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 2010.

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Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Successes in working together to enhance national PMTCT services in Zimbabwe: Call to Action Program in Zimbabwe : end of program report January, 2004-September, 2007. Harare]: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, 2007.

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Zimbabwe. Ministry of Health and Child Welfare. PMTCT: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV : procedures and logistics manual : practical policy guidelines on implementing and managing PMTCT programmes for health service planners and providers. Harare: Ministry of Health & Child Welfare, 2003.

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Kenya. National guidelines, prevention of mother-to-child HIV/AIDS transmission (PMCT). 2nd ed. Nairobi: National AIDS and STD Control Programme, 2002.

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SADC regional PMTCT technical meeting report. Gaborone, Botswana: SADC HIV and AIDS Unit, SADC Secretariat, 2004.

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Interim findings on the national PMTCT pilot sites: Lessons and recommendations. Durban: Health Systems Trust, 2002.

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Anita, Asiimwe, Treatment & Research Aids Center (Rwanda), Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation., and International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs (Columbia University), eds. Evaluation of access to and utilization of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Rwanda: Summary report, January 2007. Kigali, Rwanda: Ministry of Health, TRAC, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "PMTCT services"

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H., Fyson. "Perceptions About Barriers and Promoting Factors Among Service Providers and Community Members on PMTCT Services." In HIV Testing. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/31356.

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Conference papers on the topic "PMTCT services"

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Operto, Emily. "50 The key barriers to the uptake of PMTCT services in Uganda." In RCPCH Conference Singapore. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-rcpch.32.

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Muro, Christina, and Leonard J. Mselle. "Implementation of Mobile-Phone Services in Preventing Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT)." In 2014 International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitcs.2014.7021778.

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Budihastuti, Uki Retno, and Endang Sutisna Sulaeman. "Does Community Health Centers Have Contextual Effect on Midwife Performance in the Implementation of Prevention Mother to Child Transmission Counseling and Testing?" In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.96.

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ABSTRACT Background: Prevention mother to child transmission counseling and testing (PMTCT) service is primarily provided at health facility level. However, their full implementation requires strong linkages with communities. The purpose of this study was to examine contextual effect of community health centers on midwife performance in the implementation of PMTCT? Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 24 community health centers in Madiun, East Java, from August to September 2019. A sample of 184 midwives was selected by total sampling. The dependent variable was implementation of PMTCT. The independent variables were age, tenure, knowledge, training, work performance, and accreditation. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linear regression. Results: Implementation of PMTCT counseling and testing improved with tenure ≥8 years (b= 0.51; 95% CI= 0.15 to 0.87; p= 0.006), good knowledge (b= 0.61; 95% CI= 0.33 to 0.89; p<0.001), had trained (b= 0.41; 95% CI= 0.08 to 0.74; p= 0.014), good work performance (b= 0.56; 95% CI= 0.21 to 0.92; p= 0.002), and good accreditation (b= 0.49; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.95; p= 0.031). Implementation of PMTCT counseling and testing reduced with midwives age ≥35 years (b= -0.51; 95% CI= -0.80 to -0.21; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Implementation of PMTCT counseling and testing improves with tenure ≥8 years, good knowledge, had trained, good work performance, and good accreditation. Implementation of PMTCT counseling and testing reduces with midwives age ≥35 years. Keywords: implementation, prevention mother to child transmission, work performance, accreditation Correspondence: Sringatin. Dolopo Regional Public Hospital, Madiun, East Java. Jl. Raya Dolopo 117, Dolopo, Madiun 63174, East Java, Indonesia. Email: sringatine22@gmail.com. Mobile: 081231683090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.96
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Ezeokafor, Chidiebere, and Adaoha Anosike. "P291 Impact of PMTCT service uptake on outcome of care among women attending anti natal care in nigeria." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.412.

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Reports on the topic "PMTCT services"

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Rutenberg, Naomi, and Carolyn Baek. Review of field experiences: Integration of family planning and PMTCT services. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2.1036.

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Baek, Carolyn, and Naomi Rutenberg. Addressing the family planning needs of HIV-positive PMTCT clients: Baseline findings from an operations research study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1000.

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Preventing unintended pregnancy among HIV-positive women is an effective approach to reducing pediatric HIV infection and vital to meeting HIV-positive women’s sexual and reproductive health needs. Although contraceptive services for HIV-positive women is one of the cornerstones of a comprehensive program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), a review of PMTCT programs found that implementers have not prioritized family planning (FP). While there is increasing awareness about the importance of FP and HIV integration, data about FP from PMTCT clients are lacking. The Horizons Program is conducting an operations research study testing several community-based strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a densely settled urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya. Strategies being piloted include moving PMTCT services closer to the population via a mobile clinic and increasing psychosocial support for HIV-positive women. This research update presents key findings about FP at PMTCT sites, including the interaction between providers and clients as well as HIV-positive women’s fertility desires and demand for contraceptives, from the baseline cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews with postpartum women.
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