Academic literature on the topic 'Pn_ sequence (pseudo-noise sequence)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Pn_ sequence (pseudo-noise sequence)"

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Kadhim, Hassan Kaittan, and Jasim Mohammed Samir. "Implementing and designing a secure information system based on the DSSS gold sequence using MATLAB." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 3 (2021): pp. 1455~1463. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.2446.

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During study of directly spread spectrum systems, noted that this system uses many types of code to spread data through communication process. There are different types of code sequences available with good correlation properties, they often use pesudo sequence for spreading which is to be less efficient in protecting information from the breaches that attack the communications systems from penetration. In this article gold sequence will use, which is consider better and more complex than the rest of the code sequence (pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, barker code, hadamard code, and others) in terms of the security aspect of the information, thereby it is difficult to detect the information sent in addition to that it is used in code-division multiple access. Design and implement difficult code to protect information in the communication system carried out here by using MATLAB, for sending a binary data and color photo to be sure that this system is working properly with few errors and better information protection than the rest of the other code that is used in direct sequence spread spectrum.
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Shivanand, Pujar, W.M Kangana, Kurthkoti Chitrashree, P. Mangaokar Abhinandan, and S. Jakati Jagadish. "Advanced Watermarking of Digital Images Showing Robust, Semi-Fragile and Fragile Behaviour." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 4 (2021): 196–212. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D6612.1110421.

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Digital Image Watermarking plays an important role when it comes to maintaining digital color picture authentication information. The proposed paper consists mainly of a digital watermarking scheme consisting of discrete wavelet transformation and involving the generation of pn sequence number to embed the watermark and also to extract the watermark from the host image. The technique suggested includes both embedding the watermark and removing it from the host file. Both the method of embedding and extraction consists of generating the pn sequence number values using the random numbers. The technique for all three of the RGB signal sources is included. The watermark symbol is located independently within the RGB image's red, green, and blue channels. The suggested technique further reveals the improved mode of digital watermarking of images through fragile watermarking of images and semi-fragile digital watermarking of images.
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Massey, James L., Giovanni Boscagli, and Enrico Vassallo. "Regenerative pseudo-noise-like (PNL) ranging sequences for deep-space missions." International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking 25, no. 3 (2007): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sat.876.

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Zeng, Xuezhi, Albert Monteith, Andreas Fhager, Mikael Persson, and Herbert Zirath. "Noise performance comparison between two different types of time-domain systems for microwave detection." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 3 (2016): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871600057x.

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This paper compares the noise performance of two different types of time-domain microwave detection systems: a pulsed system and a pseudo-random noise sequence system. System-level simulations and laboratory-based measurements are carried out in the study. Results show that the effect of timing jitter is more significant on the measurement accuracy of the pseudo-random noise sequence system than that of the pulsed system. Although the signal power density of the pseudo-random sequence system is tens of dBs higher than that of the pulsed system over the frequency band of interest, the signal-to-noise ratio difference between these two systems can be just a few dBs or even smaller depending on the jitter level.
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Wang, Yan Chun, and Chang Wei Sun. "The Application of Pseudo-Random Sequence in the Properties Measurement of Polymer Optical Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.653.

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A new method for the properties measurement of polymer optical fiber (POF) using pseudo-random sequence is introduced. The light source modulated by pseudo-random sequence is injected into the POF. The output optical signal after photoelectric conversion is made the correlation detection with pseudo-random sequence, and finally the correlation operation is carried out based on Labview software. Because pseudo-random sequence performs well on randomicity and it has the correlation properties similar to that of white noise, interference and noise have little influence on the peak of correlation function during the measurement, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the output signal can be improved obviously. The measuring method is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Experimental results show that the SNR of the output signal can be improved by 25~40dB for the signal with SNR-15dB to 6dB, and the measuring precision is improved by this method.
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Lazaryev, D. V., and T. A. Tereshchenko. "A fast synchronization algorithm in communication systems with spectrum expansion." Electronics and Communications 15, no. 3 (2010): 190–93. https://doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2010.15.3.306655.

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The fast algorithm of synchronization using 2m points fast convolution for communication systems with direct sequence spread spectrum by 2m-1 points pseudo noise sequence has been proposed. The types and lengths of pseudo noise sequences suitable for usage with proposed algorithm are determined. There were made estimates of correlation errors and computational complexity.
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Sasakura, Toyoki. "New generation pinger using pseudo noise sequence signal." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (2012): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4709321.

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Liang, Jie, Rong Jiang Tang, Yin Han Gao, Tong Hang Zhao, Wen Jun Jiang, and Bing Wu Lu. "Identification Method of Vehicle Interior Airborne Noise Based on Pseudo-Random." Advanced Materials Research 338 (September 2011): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.460.

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According to the source-path-receiver model of vehicle interior airborne noise, the correlative identification method of transfer function was proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the method has excellent noise immunity performance. A m sequence generator whose shift clock frequency is adjustable and register series is optional was designed by complex programmable logic device CPLD and external circuit. The m sequence pseudo-random signal which was amplified by audio power amplifier drives the loudspeaker as sound source signal. The field tests indicate that compare with broadband white noise sweep method, the identification method based on m sequence technique has advantages in noise suppression.
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Song, Xijin, Xuelong Wang, Zhao Dong, Xiaojiao Zhao, and Xudong Feng. "Analysis of Pseudo-Random Sequence Correlation Identification Parameters and Anti-Noise Performance." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102586.

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Using a pseudo-random sequence to encode the transmitted waveform can significantly improve the working efficiency and depth of detection of electromagnetic exploration. The selection of parameters of pseudo-random sequence plays an important role in correlation identification and noise suppression. A discrete cycle correlation identification method for extracting the earth impulse response is proposed. It can suppress the distortion in the early stage of the excitation field and the glitches of the cross correlation function by traditional method. This effectively improves the accuracy of correlation identification. The influence of the order and the cycles of m-series pseudo-random coding on its autocorrelation properties is studied. The numerical results show that, with the increase of the order of m-sequence, the maximum out-of-phase periodic autocorrelation function decreases rapidly. Therefore, it is very beneficial to achieve synchronization. The limited-cycle m-sequences have good autocorrelation properties. As the period of the m-sequence increases and the width of the symbol decreases, the overall autocorrelation becomes closer to the impact function. The discussion of the influence of symbol width and period of m-sequence on its frequency bandwidth and power spectral density shows that the narrower the symbol width, the wider its occupied band. The longer the period, the smaller the power spectral line spacing. The abilities of m-sequence to suppress DC (Direct-current) interference, Schumann frequency noise, and sine-wave noise are analyzed. Numerical results show that the m-sequence has excellent ability to suppress DC interference and Schumann frequency noise. However, for high-order harmonic noise, the correlation identification error appears severe oscillation in the middle and late stages of the impulse response. It indicates that the ability of m-sequence to suppress high-frequency sinusoidal noise is deteriorated. In practical applications, the parameters of the transmitted waveform should be reasonably selected in combination with factors including transmitter performance, hardware noise, and ambient noise level to achieve the best identification effect.
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Shen, Bin, and Jian‐xin Wang. "Chip rate and pseudo‐noise sequence estimation for direct sequence spread spectrum signals." IET Signal Processing 11, no. 6 (2017): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-spr.2016.0687.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pn_ sequence (pseudo-noise sequence)"

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O’Donnell, John. "SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE OF PSEUDO-RANDOM SEQUENCES FOR TESTING THE EOS AM-1 RECEIVER." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609651.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>There are well-known advantages in using pseudo-random sequences for testing of data communication links. The sequences, also called pseudo-noise (PN) sequences, approximate random data very well, especially for sequences thousands of bits long. They are easy to generate and are widely used for bit error rate testing because it is easy to synchronize a slave pattern generator to a received PN stream for bit-by-bit comparison. There are other aspects of PN sequences, however, that are not as widely known or applied. This paper points out how some of the less familiar characteristics of PN sequences can be put to practical use in the design of a Digital Test Set and other specialbuilt test equipment used for checkout of the EOS AM-1 Space Data Receiver. The paper also shows how knowledge of these PN sequence characteristics can simplify troubleshooting the digital sections in the Space Data Receiver. Finally, the paper addresses the sufficiency of PN data testing in characterizing the performance of a receiver/data recovery system.
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Nguyen, Phong Hai. "HIGHLY-DIGITAL ARCHITECTURES AND INTEGRATED FRONT-ENDS FOR MULTI-ANTENNA GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) SYSTEMS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1594642732791415.

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Шестопал, Євген Олександрович, Евгений Александрович Шестопал та Yevgen Shestopal. "Методи покращення енергетичної ефективності та скритності цифрових радіорелейних систем передачі". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/52213.

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У дисертаційній роботі вирішена актуальна науково-технічна задача, яка полягає в новому комплексному підході до забезпечення мінімальної потужності передавача, достатньої для одержання заданої ймовірності помилки приймання сигналу, та покращеної скритності передачі інформації. Проведені дослідження впливу виду модуляції сигналу на потужність передавача радіорелейної станції. Показано, що найкращі результати досягаються при використанні 4-х позиційного фазоманіпульованого сигналу ФМ-4. При даній смузі пропускання радіоканалу пропонується використати амплітудно-маніпульований сигнал з підвищеним рівнем сигналів та їх кількості шляхом автоматичного встановлення максимального рівня вихідної напруги підсилювача. Пропонується спосіб визначення відношення сигнал/шум та рівня сигналу помилки, що дозволяє створити системи автоматичного регулювання потужності передавачів радіорелейних станцій в дуплексній та симплексній системі радіорелейній зв’язку з використанням переданого через канал зворотного зв’язку сигналу помилки.. При розробці телекомунікаційних систем (ТКС) ефективно використання широкосмугового шумоподібного сигналу з великою базою, що забезпечує підвищену завадостійкість систем в умовах дії завад, покращені електромагнітну сумісність систем та скритність передачі інформації. Широкосмуговий сигнал формується з використанням ряду відомих модулюючих псевдовипадкових послідовностей (ПВП) методом прямого розширення спектру, але такі системи не можна вважати захищеними від несанкціонованого доступу. Суттєве підвищення скритності передачі інформації забезпечує створення та використання для створення шумоподібного сигналу ПВП на основі хаосу. Як показали дослідження, слід вважати ефективним використання ПВП з шістьма секретними ключами на основі ПВП із 2-х хаотичних сигналів. Такі системи практично неможливо розкрити зловмисникам на відміну від ТКС з відомими ПВП (m-послідовності, ПВП Голда, Касамі та інш.). При створенні системи з широкосмуговим сигналом з 2-а антенними каналами здійснюється кодове розділення сигналів в приймачі та оптимальна обробка сигналу шляхом використання RAKE- приймачів . Підкреслюється можливість створення в системі каналу зворотного зв’язку для корегування потужності передавача в симплексній та дуплексній радіорелейній системі передачі.<br>В диссертационной работе решена актуальная научно-техническая задача, заключающаяся в новом комплексном подходе к улучшению энергетических характеристик цифровых радиорелейных системах передачи путем использования эффективных методов манипуляции сигнала, адаптивных методов приема с автоматической регулировкой мощности передатчика и обработкой сигнала в приемнике. Кроме того, использование псевдослучайной последовательности на основе хаоса и кодовое разделение сигнала в отдельных каналах обеспечивает улучшенную скрытность передачи информации Проведены исследования влияния вида манипуляции сигнала на мощность передатчика радиорелейной станции. Показано, что наилучшие результаты достигаются при использовании 4-х позиционного фазоманипулированного сигнала ФМ-4. При этом энергоэффективность системы будет на 2,7 дБ выше, чем при использовании сигнала ФМ-2, а тем более других видов манипуляции. Важно, что в данном случае система имеет также лучшую помехоустойчивость. При данной полосе пропускания радиоканала предлагается добиться повышения пропускной способности системы путем увеличения количества позиций амплитудно-манипулированного сигнала та их уровня, что достигается автоматическим регулирования максимального уровня выходного напряжения усилителя. Предлагается способ определения отношения сигнал/шум и уровня сигнала, который позволяет создать системы автоматического регулирования мощности передатчиков радиорелейных станций в дуплексной и симплексной системе радиорелейной связи с использованием канала обратной связи. При этом осуществляется адаптивный прием сигнала в системе с автоматическим регулированием мощности передатчиков с использованием сигнала ошибки, переданного через канал обратной связи. При разработке телекоммуникационных систем (ТКС) эффективно использование широкополосного сигнала с большой базой, что обеспечивает повышенную помехоустойчивость систем в условиях действия узкополосных и широкополосных помех, улучшенные электромагнитную совместимость систем с соседними электронными устройствами и скрытность передачи информации. Широкополосный шумоподобный сигнал формируется с использованием ряда известных модулирующих псевдослучайных последовательностей (ПСП) методом прямого расширения спектра, но такие системы нельзя считать защищенными от несанкционированного доступа. Существенное повышение скрытности передачи информации обеспечивает использование для создания шумоподобных сигналов ПСП на основе хаоса. Как показали исследования, следует считать эффективным использование ПСП с шестью секретными ключами на основе ПСП из 2-х хаотических сигналов с логистическим и квадратичными изображениями. Это в 2 раза повышает уровень криптозащиты систем, которые практически невозможно раскрыть злоумышленникам в отличие от ТКС с известными ПСП (m-последовательности, ПВП Голда, Касами и др.). При создании систем с широкополосным сигналом двумя антенными каналами осуществляется кодовое разделение сигналов в приемнике и оптимальная обработка сигнала путем использования Rake-приемников. Подчеркивается возможность создания в системе канала обратной связи для передачи сигнала ошибки и создания системы автоматического регулирования мощности передатчика в симплексной и дуплексной радиорелейной системе передачи.<br>Actual scientific and technical problem is solved in the thesis, which consists in a new complex approach to provide the minimum transmitter power sufficient to obtain a given probability of signal reception error and improved secrecy of information. Researches of influence of modulation types of a signal are carried out on power of radio relay station transmitter. It is shown that the best results are achieved when using a QPSK modulation type. With the given bandwidth, it is proposed to use AM signal with an increased level of signals and their number by automatically setting the maximum amplifier output voltage. A method is proposed to determine the signal / noise ratio and a level of signal error, enabling to develop a system of automatic power control of radio relay station transmitter for simplex and duplex types using transmitted signal error via a feedback channel. Developing a telecommunication system (TCS), it is efficient to use a broadband signal with a wide base, which provides increased noise immunity for interference, improved electromagnetic compatibility of systems and secrecy of information transmission. Broadband noise-like signal is generated using a number of known modulating pseudo-random sequences (PRS) by direct spread spectrum approach, but such systems cannot be considered protected from unauthorized access. A significant increase of the secrecy of information transmission provides the use of a noise-like signal using PRS based on chaos. Studies have shown that the use of PRS with six secret keys based on PRS with 2 chaotic signals should be considered an effective one. Such systems are significantly protected from unauthorized encoding, in contrast to TCS with known PRS (m-sequences, Gold’s PRS, Kasami’s PRS, etc.). Creating a system with a broadband noise-like signal with 2 antenna channels are used code division of signals in the receiver and optimal signal processing by using Rake type receivers. The possibility of creating a feedback channel in the system to adjust transmitter power of simplex and duplex radio relay system is emphasized.
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Chung, Cheng-Yi, and 鍾正一. "Investigation on Pseudo-Noise Sequence of Code Division Multiple Access." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39213024386790910121.

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碩士<br>樹德科技大學<br>電腦與通訊研究所<br>92<br>Abstract This thesis investigates spread spectrum technology in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) for wireless communication system, and applies MATLAB Simulink to simulate a part of the operation in CDMA process. In the 2G mobile communication system, the bad control of far and near power over mobile station and base station often causes the bad impression on communication. Besides, the defect in the 2G mobile communication system will cause more critical situation to the users in the high-speed standard of 3G mobile communication system, which is expanded because of the developing of internet and the requisition of communication application. This investigation also employs the features of high security and low interception of multiple encoding technology by combining the Pseudo-Noise sequence and data signal to avoid wiretap by other users in 2G communication system. The power of transmitter data signal will be decided increased or decreased to make sure that base station can receive all the CDMA encoding signal. The demo program in MATLAB Simulink has formed the process as many function blocks to users to edit the CDMA communication system conveniently. But these convenient functions also make the system hard to understand. Therefore, this thesis also contributes to re-edit the function blocks using MATLAB Simulink in order to present the CDMA spread spectrum communication system in an easier way.
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R, Chithra. "Use of RNS Based Pseudo Noise Sequence in DS-CDMA and 3G WCDMA." Thesis, 2012. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/3992/1/thesis.pdf.

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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based on Spread Signal (SS) has emerged as one of the most important multiple access technologies for Second Generation (2G) and Third Generation (3G) wireless communication systems by its wide applications in many important mobile cellular standards. CDMA technique relies on spreading codes to separate dierent users or channels and its properties will govern the performance of the system. So many of the problems of communication systems based on CDMA technology stem from the spreading codes/sequences, which includes two sub-categories, one being the orthogonal codes, such as Walsh Hadamard (WH) codes and Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes, and the other being pseudo-noise or Pseudo Random (PN) sequences, such as Gold sequences, Kasami sequences, m-sequences, etc. In this thesis a PN sequence generation based on Residue Arithmetic is investigated with an eort to improve the performance of existing interference-limited CDMA technology for mobile cellular systems. This interference-limited performance is due to the fact that all the existing CDMA codes used in mobile cellular standards does not consider external interferences, multipath propagation, Doppler eect etc. So the non-ideal correlation properties of the pseudo-random CDMA codes results in MAI when used in a multi-user system. The PN codes appear random yet they are completely deterministic in nature with a small set of initial conditions. Consequently this work focuses on CDMA code design approach based on Residue Number System (RNS) which should take into account as many real operational conditions as possible and to maintain a suciently large code set size.First, the thesis reviews RNS, DS-CDMA and CDMA codes that are already implemented in various mobile cellular standards. Then the new PN Sequencegenerator design based on RNS is discussed. Comparison of the generated PN sequence with respect to other standard sequence is done in terms of number of codes and correlation properties. Monte-Carlo simulations with the generated sequence are carried out for performance analysis under multi-path environment. The system has been evaluated in AWGN, Rayleigh Fading channel and dierent Stationary Multipath Channels for dierent cross-correlation threshold. It is known that orthogonal Codes are used to multiplex more than one signal for downlink transmission over cellular networks. This downlink transmission is prone to self interference caused by the loss of orthogonality between spreading codes due to multipath propagation. This issue is investigated in detail with respect to WCDMA standards, which is very good representative for CDMA based 3G mobile cellular systems where the channelization code is OVSF code. The code assignment blocking (CAB) (If a particular code in the tree is used in a cell, then all its parent codes and child codes should not be used in the same cell to maintain orthogonality among the users) problem of OVSF codes restricts the number of available codes for a given cell. Since the 3rd generation WCDMA mobile communication systems apply the same multiple access technique, the generated sequence can also be the channelization code for downlink WCDMA system to mitigate the the same. The performance of the system is compared with Walsh Hadamard code over multipath AWGN and dierent Fading channels. This thesis work shows that RNS based PN sequence has enhanced performance to that of other CDMA codes by comparing the bit error probability in multi- user and multipath environment thus contributing a little towards the evolution of next generation CDMA technology.
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Wang, Huan-Chun, and 王煥宗. "Pseudo-Noise Code Acquisition For Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems on Multipath Fading Channels." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35309317660476690581.

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博士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>87<br>Many code acquisition techniques with different types of searching strategies and detector structures have been proposed, analyzed and employed in practical Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DS/SS) systems. In this thesis, the noncoherent code acquisition systems with different test methods (fixed dwell-time or sequential) and correlators (active or passive) are investigated for AWGN channels and multipath fading channels. For AWGN channels, a new method is explored to evaluate the performance of the sequential code acquisition systems to any desired accuracy. Starting from Albert''s integral equations, the method evaluates the detection probability, false alarm probability and the moments of the sample number very efficiently and accurately by using polynomial interpolations. Numerical examples show that the new method is much more efficient and/or accurate than the known methods, including the Wald''s approximation. For multipath fading channels, the exact analysis of the code acquisition system becomes extremely difficult because of the channel memory incurred by multipath fading. In this research, we first investigate a code acquisition based on multiple-dwell or sequential linear test with the active correlator on multipath Rayleigh fading channels. By assuming the time between correct cells detections is larger than the channel coherence time, a novel method is developed to evaluate the mean acquisition time of the acquisition systems to any desired accuracy. The effects of multipath fading are evaluated, and comparisons are made between the multiple-dwell and sequential linear tests. Numerical results show that the multipath fading may result in 1-4 dB loss in performance and the sequential linear test can outperform the multiple-dwell test by a margin of 1-2.5dB. The analytical results are verified by computer simulations. In addition, a unified analysis is proposed for accurate evaluation of the acquisition performance on multipath Rayleigh fading channels without imposing the assumption that the time between correct cells detections is larger than the channel coherence time. Since the homogeneous Markov chain model, used to characterize the acquisition process over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, is no longer valid due to the correlations between cell detections incurred by fading. The traditional direct and flow-graph approaches for performance evaluation of an acquisition system are not applicable to this fading channel.Hence, some new theory are required in this analysis. This analysis is quite general and can include various search strategies, correlators and test methods with different performance measures: probability mass function (PMF) and/or moments of the acquisition time. Analytical and computer simulation results show that the new method predicts the acquisition performance very accurately.
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Chang, Ming-Jou, and 張明洲. "Pseudo-Noise Code Synchronization of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems under Doppler shift and/or Multiple Fading." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92938304440946417812.

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博士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>88<br>Four issues and solutions are investigated in the thesis with regard to the pseudo-noise (PN) code synchronization for single- and multi-carrier direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) systems operating on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and/or multipath fading channels. In the first part, code tracking with code-Doppler compensation for single carrier DS-SS systems on AWGN channels is proposed. Code Doppler compensation is introduced to the traditional noncoherent digital delay lock loop (DLL) in addition to carrier Doppler compensation. Thanks to the code Doppler compensation, the simple-to-implement active correlation with a large correlation length can be employed to improve the loop performance. The code Doppler compensation significantly improve the loop performance with the presence of a large code Doppler. In the second part, new tracking loop analysis with A/D quantization for single carrier DS-SS systems on AWGN channels is considered. In particular, the performance of non-coherent second-order all digital delay lock loops with the presence of Doppler shift is analyzed. A new method based on a regenerative Markov chain modeling of the tracking process is proposed with the loop A/D quantization being taken into account that has been neglected in previous analyses. Numerical results show that A/D quantization has a significant impact on the loop performance, including loop transient responses, lock-in range, mean time to lose lock (MTLL) and mean square error (MSE). In addition, by using saddle point integration for the evaluation of the transition probabilities of the Markov chain, MTLL and MSE is evaluated more accurately than previous methods. In the third part, the code acquisition for multicarrier direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems on multipath fading channels is investigated. For multipath fading channels, the exact analysis of code acquisition becomes difficult because of the channel memory incurred by multipath fading. In this part, a new analysis is given to accurately evaluate the mean acquisition time performance of the serial search multiple dwell code acquisition for the multicarrier DS-CDMA systems. Our analysis can take the fading correlations into account, the effects of system parameters on the acquisition performance such as carrier and user numbers, fading correlations, dwell''s number, times and thresholds can be easily evaluated, and, therefore, facilitating the design of the acquisition subsystem. Finally, code tacking for multicarrier DS-CDMA systems on multipath fading channels is investigated. In this part, the tracking error performance of the traditional noncoherent DDLL with diversity reception is analyzed for the multicarrier DS-CDMA systems, under the effects of automatic gain control (AGC), multipath fading, and multiple access interference. AGC is used to eliminate the inherent stability problem of a DDLL. And, a new decision-directed noncoherent tracking loop based on a differentially-detected phase detector is proposed and analyzed. The new tracking loop outperforms the traditional DDLL.
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Santhosam, Charles L. "CDMA Base Station Receive Co-Processor Architecture." Thesis, 2004. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/318.

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Third generation mobile communication systems promise a greater data rate and new services to the mobile subscribers. 3G systems support up to 2 Mbps of data rate to a fixed subscriber and 144 Kbps of data rate to a fully mobile subscriber. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is the air interface access scheme widely used in all the 3G communication systems. This access scheme has many inherent advantages m terms of noise immunity, security, coherent combining of multi path signals etc. But all these advantages come at the expense of higher complexity of the receivers. The receivers form the major portion of the processing involved in a base station. The heart of any CDMA receiver is the RAKE. The RAKE receiver separates the different multi-paths received by the antenna by using the properties of the Pseudo Random sequences. The phase and strength of each of these path signals is measured and are used by the coherent combiner, which de-rotates all the signals to a single reference and coherently combines them In general the Base station receivers make use of the top three multi-path signals ranked in terms of their signal energy Hence four RAKE fingers, each catering to single multi-path are needed for receiving a single code channel (3 for coherent combining and one for scanning). One such channel receiver requires a processing power of 860 MIPS (Mega Instructions Per Second). Some of the CDMA standards support up to 90 code channels at the same time. This means that the total processing power required at the base station is about 80 GIPS. This much of processing power will require large number of high end DSPs, which will be a very costly solution. In the current base station architectures these blocks are implemented using ASICs, which are specific to a particular standard and also the algorithms used for the different operations are fixed at the design time itself. This solution is not flexible and is not amenable for SDR (Software defined Radio) architectures for the Base stations. This thesis proposes a Co-Processor solution, which can be attached to a generic DSP or any other processor. The processor can control the Co-Processor by programming its parameter registers using memory mapped register accesses. This co-processor implements only those blocks, which are compute intensive. This co-processor performs all chip-rate processing functions involved m a RAKE receiver. All the symbol-rate functions are implemented through software in the processor. This provides more choices m selecting the algorithms for timing recovery and scanning. The algorithms can be changed through software even after the base station is installed in the field. All the inputs and outputs of the Co-Processor are passed through dual port RAMs with independent read and write clocks. This allows the Co-Processor and the processor to be running on two independent clocks. This memory scheme also increases the throughput as the reads and writes to these memories can happen simultaneously. This thesis introduces a concept of incorporating programmable PN/Gold code generators as part of the Co-Processor, which significantly reduces the amount of memory required to store the Scrambling and Spreading codes. The polynomial lengths as well as the polynomials of the code generator are programmable. The input signal memory has a bus width equal to 4 times the bus width of the IQ signal bus width (4 * 24 = 96 bits) towards the Co-Processor to meet the huge data bandwidth requirement. This memory is arranged as word interleaved memory banks. This can supply one word per memory bank on each clock cycle as long as the accessed words fall in different memory banks. The number of banks is chosen as more than twice that of the number of Correlators/ Rake fingers. This gives more flexibility in choosing the address offsets to different Correlator inputs. This flexibility allows one to use different timing recovery schemes since the number of allowable address offsets for different Correlators is more. The overall complexity of the solution is comparatively less with respect to the generic DSP based solution and much easier to modify for a different standard, when compared to the rigid ASIC based solution. The proposed solution is significantly different from the conventional way of designing the Base station with fixed ASICs and it clearly outweighs the solutions based on conventional approach in terms of flexibility, design complexity, design time and cost.
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9

Santhosam, Charles L. "CDMA Base Station Receive Co-Processor Architecture." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/318.

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Abstract:
Third generation mobile communication systems promise a greater data rate and new services to the mobile subscribers. 3G systems support up to 2 Mbps of data rate to a fixed subscriber and 144 Kbps of data rate to a fully mobile subscriber. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is the air interface access scheme widely used in all the 3G communication systems. This access scheme has many inherent advantages m terms of noise immunity, security, coherent combining of multi path signals etc. But all these advantages come at the expense of higher complexity of the receivers. The receivers form the major portion of the processing involved in a base station. The heart of any CDMA receiver is the RAKE. The RAKE receiver separates the different multi-paths received by the antenna by using the properties of the Pseudo Random sequences. The phase and strength of each of these path signals is measured and are used by the coherent combiner, which de-rotates all the signals to a single reference and coherently combines them In general the Base station receivers make use of the top three multi-path signals ranked in terms of their signal energy Hence four RAKE fingers, each catering to single multi-path are needed for receiving a single code channel (3 for coherent combining and one for scanning). One such channel receiver requires a processing power of 860 MIPS (Mega Instructions Per Second). Some of the CDMA standards support up to 90 code channels at the same time. This means that the total processing power required at the base station is about 80 GIPS. This much of processing power will require large number of high end DSPs, which will be a very costly solution. In the current base station architectures these blocks are implemented using ASICs, which are specific to a particular standard and also the algorithms used for the different operations are fixed at the design time itself. This solution is not flexible and is not amenable for SDR (Software defined Radio) architectures for the Base stations. This thesis proposes a Co-Processor solution, which can be attached to a generic DSP or any other processor. The processor can control the Co-Processor by programming its parameter registers using memory mapped register accesses. This co-processor implements only those blocks, which are compute intensive. This co-processor performs all chip-rate processing functions involved m a RAKE receiver. All the symbol-rate functions are implemented through software in the processor. This provides more choices m selecting the algorithms for timing recovery and scanning. The algorithms can be changed through software even after the base station is installed in the field. All the inputs and outputs of the Co-Processor are passed through dual port RAMs with independent read and write clocks. This allows the Co-Processor and the processor to be running on two independent clocks. This memory scheme also increases the throughput as the reads and writes to these memories can happen simultaneously. This thesis introduces a concept of incorporating programmable PN/Gold code generators as part of the Co-Processor, which significantly reduces the amount of memory required to store the Scrambling and Spreading codes. The polynomial lengths as well as the polynomials of the code generator are programmable. The input signal memory has a bus width equal to 4 times the bus width of the IQ signal bus width (4 * 24 = 96 bits) towards the Co-Processor to meet the huge data bandwidth requirement. This memory is arranged as word interleaved memory banks. This can supply one word per memory bank on each clock cycle as long as the accessed words fall in different memory banks. The number of banks is chosen as more than twice that of the number of Correlators/ Rake fingers. This gives more flexibility in choosing the address offsets to different Correlator inputs. This flexibility allows one to use different timing recovery schemes since the number of allowable address offsets for different Correlators is more. The overall complexity of the solution is comparatively less with respect to the generic DSP based solution and much easier to modify for a different standard, when compared to the rigid ASIC based solution. The proposed solution is significantly different from the conventional way of designing the Base station with fixed ASICs and it clearly outweighs the solutions based on conventional approach in terms of flexibility, design complexity, design time and cost.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pn_ sequence (pseudo-noise sequence)"

1

Helleseth, Tor. "Pseudo-Noise Sequences (PN-Sequences)." In Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security. Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_364.

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Helleseth, Tor. "Pseudo-Noise Sequences (PN-Sequences)." In Encyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71522-9_364.

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Wang, Xianxiang, and Juzhi Deng. "The Study of Anti-noise Immunity for Electromagnetic Method Based on m Pseudo-random Sequence." In Technology and Application of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3244-8_11.

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Swami, Deb Sunder, and Kandarpa Kumar Sarma. "A logistic-Map-Based PN Sequence for Stochastic Wireless Channels." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2342-0.ch008.

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The work in this chapter mainly focusses on a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence generator which is constructed exploiting the features of one-dimensional chaotic systems such as a logistic map. The use of logistic map to generate strong cryptographic sequences is novel in approach in terms of its use with a range of transmission techniques for wireless communication because it is easy to conceive and requires simple devices to generate the sequence. The generated sequence is used as a spreading sequence in a DS-SS modulation multipath environment with AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel, under various channel fading conditions. The BER curves and channel impulse responses are obtained and compared with the existing linear feedback shift register (LFSR) based PN sequence and Kasami sequence. Results from this comparative analysis indicate that the proposed method generally yields a greater number of reliable, unpredictable and random bits than existing techniques under the same conditions and can be practically implemented for DS-SS scheme as a spreading sequence.
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Safavi-Naini, R. S., and J. R. Seberry. "Pseudo-random sequence generators using structured noise." In Number Theory and Cryptography. Cambridge University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107325838.011.

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Faix, Marvin, Emmanuel Mazer, Raphaël Laurent, Mohamad Othman Abdallah, Ronan Le Hy, and Jorge Lobo. "Cognitive Computation." In Robotic Systems. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch045.

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Probabilistic programming allows artificial systems to better operate with uncertainty, and stochastic arithmetic provides a way to carry out approximate computations with few resources. As such, both are plausible models for natural cognition. The authors' work on the automatic design of probabilistic machines computing soft inferences, with an arithmetic based on stochastic bitstreams, allowed to develop the following compilation toolchain: given a high-level description of some general problem, formalized as a Bayesian Program, the toolchain automatically builds a low-level description of an electronic circuit computing the corresponding probabilistic inference. This circuit can then be implemented and tested on reconfigurable logic. This paper describes two circuits as validating examples. The first one implements a Bayesian filter solving the problem of Pseudo Noise sequence acquisition in telecommunications. The second one implements decision making in a sensorimotor system: it allows a simple robot to avoid obstacles using Bayesian sensor fusion.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pn_ sequence (pseudo-noise sequence)"

1

Lin, Wang, and Chang Huan. "A Timing Synchronization and Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems Based on PN (pseudo-noise) Sequence." In 2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2007.4350535.

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Han, Chunyan, Fengquan Man, and Xunli Zhang. "Generating pseudo-noise sequence via a novel hyperchaotic system." In 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6057489.

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Jeonghoon Jeong, Dongweon Yoon, Sunghwan Choi, and Seounghun Jee. "Pseudo noise sequence combining logic for ranging of near earth satellites." In 2011 8th International Conference on Information, Communications & Signal Processing (ICICS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icics.2011.6173630.

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Novosel, Leonard, and Gordan Sisul. "Comparison of pseudo noise sequence lengths for a correlator channel sounder." In 2014 56th International Symposium ELMAR. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elmar.2014.6923335.

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Burrascano, P., A. Pirani, and M. Ricci. "Exploiting Pseudo Orthogonal PN-Sequences for Ultrasonic Imaging System." In 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csie.2009.441.

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Pandey, Mahendra Kumar, Girish Parmar, and Rajeev Gupta. "Audio watermarking by spreading echo in time domain using pseudo noise gray sequence." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iic.2015.7150840.

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Stephany, Simon, Benedikt Schweizer, Christina Knill, and Christian Waldschmidt. "Impact of an Automotive Chirp-Sequence Interferer on a Wideband Pseudo-Noise Radar." In 2019 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2019.8879023.

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Kang, Jie, Gang Yang, and Zhongke Shi. "PN Sequence Assisted Noise Suppression in UWB-TR Communication System." In 2006 8th international Conference on Signal Processing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2006.345900.

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Napoli, E., G. Castellano, D. Esposito, and A. G. M. Strollo. "Digital circuit for the generation of colored noise exploiting single bit pseudo random sequence." In 2016 IEEE 7th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lascas.2016.7451000.

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Wu, Liping, Zan Li, Jiandong Li, and Chen Chen. "A blind algorithm for estimating pseudo-noise sequence of DSSS signal in lower SNR conditions." In 2010 3rd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2010.5647323.

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