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Journal articles on the topic 'Pneumatic compactor'
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1
Paul, Bobby P., S. Darius Gnanaraj, and J. Chandran. "Ergonomic Design of a Scrap Compactor for Small Scale Industries." Advanced Engineering Forum 10 (December 2013): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.167.
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Concept design of a scrap compactor is presented. Required data for the design of the scrap compactor, the hydraulic circuit, the compression ratio, force required for compression are collected from literature. The current practice of scarp removal and storage in a small scale industry is shown. The calculations for arriving at the force required for compaction is presented. The hydraulic circuit diagram and testing of the circuit in a pneumatic test bench are explained. Cost of the prototype and the break even period are discussed. Ergonomic principles and safety due to usage of scrap compactor are highlighted.
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Halim, A. O. Abd El, A. G. Razaqpur, and A. H. El Kashef. "Effects of construction cracks on the design of asphalt pavements." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-045.
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Compaction of asphalt mix has been recognized as one of the most important factors that affect the long-term performance of the pavement. Problems experienced in compacting asphalt mixes have generally been ascribed to the mix. Roller "checking," the result of compaction with steel rollers, has been disregarded or considered as irrelevant. Compaction based on a new concept, using a soft plate, avoids roller checking, as demonstrated by a series of side-by-side field tests with steel and pneumatic rollers. The surface cracks initiated by the steel wheel roller may provide an explanation for the often reported phenomenon of early deterioration of asphalt pavements. Finite element analyses of pavement structures with roller-induced cracks have shown significantly higher tensile stresses than the corresponding stresses in otherwise identical uncracked pavements. The analytical findings are supported by indirect tensile and stress fatigue tests results obtained in the laboratory from asphalt samples compacted in the field. The test samples were recovered from pavements compacted either by existing compaction equipment and technique or by the new soft plate method. Key words: asphalt, crack, compaction, fatigue, finite element, tensile strength testing, pavement.
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Tayebali, Akhtarhusein A., John A. Deacon, and Carl L. Monismith. "Development and Evaluation of Dynamic Flexural Beam Fatigue Test System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1545, no. 1 (January 1996): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154500112.
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Although both mix variables and environmental variables are known to affect the fatigue response of asphalt-aggregate mixes, other factors—including specimen fabrication procedure and test equipment and procedures—are equally important. The development of a dynamic flexural beam fatigue test system is described, and the effects of specimen compaction method and equipment type on the precision of in situ fatigue lives of asphalt-aggregate mixes predicted by using laboratory strain-life relationships are discussed. Results indicate a coefficient of variation of 41 percent in fatigue life for the new fatigue equipment compared with one of 93 percent for an earlier electropneumatic version. The specimen compaction method was also found to influence significantly the precision of the predicted fatigue life. A 33 percent difference in coefficients of variation between the fatigue response of rolling wheel–compacted specimens and kneading-compacted specimens was observed. Consequently, twice as many specimens are required to achieve a given level of precision in in situ predicted fatigue life if kneading compaction is used instead of rolling wheel compaction. Similarly, if a pneumatic system and associated test procedure are used, approximately 12 times as many specimens are required to achieve similar precision in predicted fatigue life compared with the new servohydraulic fatigue test system.
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Jakobsen, B. F., and A. R. Dexter. "Prediction of soil compaction under pneumatic tyres." Journal of Terramechanics 26, no. 2 (January 1989): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4898(89)90001-3.
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NOSOV, S. V., B. A. BONDAREV, and I. S. NOSOV. "Features of the Technology of Construction of Road Pavements from Vacuum-Treated Asphalt Concrete Mix." Stroitel'nye Materialy 785, no. 10 (2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2020-785-10-31-37.
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When changing the structural properties of road construction materials, their compaction technologies should be improved with the choice of the best compaction means and their technological modes of operation in specific conditions of work conduction. For a mixture evacuated at an asphalt concrete plant that has increased water and frost resistance characteristics, as well as changed rheological parameters, it is also necessary to determine the technological parameters of the compaction means used, taking into account the features of its rheological characteristics. The compaction technology of vacuum-treated hot asphalt-concrete mix by pneumatic wheel roller with the determination of the necessary number of passes on the trail, speed modes along the roller passages and the magnitude of the air pressure in the tires of the roller has been developed. Using a promising rheological approach, the dynamics of accumulation of the asphalt concrete mixture layer density along the roller passages was studied by simulation modeling, and the time when the pneumatic roller was finished and the compaction work was transferred to heavy smooth rollers was determined. Changing the rheological properties of the vacuum-treated asphalt mix increases the efficiency of its compaction, reducing material costs, increasing the productivity of compaction tools while improving the quality and durability of road asphalt pavements. Keywords: hot asphalt-concrete mix, rheological properties, water and frost resistance of asphalt concrete, road roller, compaction.
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Shishkin, E. A., S. N. Ivanchenko, and A. A. Smolyakov. "Elastic aftereffect in the process of asphalt concrete mixture compaction." Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2021-07-01-90-95.
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Asphalt concrete of various brands is mainly used as a road surface. The quality and durability of the coating depends on its density. To achieve the required density of the asphalt concrete pavement, road rollers are used. The working body of the roller is a metal drum or a set of pneumatic tires. The article discusses the process of the asphalt concrete mixture compaction with a smooth metal drum. A rheological model of the force interaction of a smooth drum with a material is adopted, which includes elastic, viscous and plastic elements. The adopted model was corrected taking into account the investigated process of elastic aftereffect that occurs in the asphalt concrete mixture during compaction. The law of behavior of asphalt-concrete mixture with elastic aftereffect is established. A simulation model has been developed to study the behavior of a material in the process of elastic aftereffect. In the course of dynamic modeling, the relationship between the physical and mechanical characteristics of the compacted material with the design and technological parameters of the road roller was established. A statistical analysis of the design parameters of existing models of road rollers has been carried out. The results of the analysis, as well as the obtained dependencies, can be used to designate the technological modes of operation of a set of road rollers when compacting the asphalt concrete pavement of a motor road. Taking into account the elastic aftereffect when assigning the operating modes of the compaction equipment will improve the compaction efficiency, as well as the quality of the resulting coating.
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Li, Xiong Zhuang, Jian Jun Hao, Jian Chang Li, Jian Guo Zhao, and Yue Jin Ma. "Design of Welding with Trailing Peening System for Reaction Nitrogen Arc Welding Cladding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.444.
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In order to reduce welding stress, decreased welding crack and improve coating performance, a set of complete computer control system was designed and applied to prepare TiCN cermet composite coating by process. The system, which consists of PC, SCM (AT89C52), sensor, interface circuit, pneumatic rammer, corresponding mechanism and valves, can peen the welded seam by a pneumatic rammer which is controlled by the signal from data acquisition card. The system can easily adjust the peening frequency, force, distance, and angle able. The result show that the system can make coatings more inseparable and compacter, less weld defect, and the coatings have an excellent mechanical property.
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Fadjar Purnomo, Muhammad Fajar Subkhan, Andrea Saputra Antang Pratama,. "ANALISA PENGGUNAAN ALAT BERAT PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN UNDERPASS SIMPANG DEWA RUCI DENPASAR, BALI." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 8, no. 2 (August 31, 2014): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v8i2.67.
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400 m long and 16 m wide Simpang Dewa Ruci underpass construction project is a new one in Bali. It is of drilled pile system which need heavy equipment for drilling.The purpose of this study is to find out the unit price of some heavy equipment, like drill pile, excavator back hoe, dump truck, wheel dozer, tandem vibratory roller, asphalt finisher, and pneumatic tire roller.The calculations result in unit price of job the drill with drill pile at IDR 93,921.79/m3, unit price of job entrenchment and soil moving with excavator back hoe at IDR 14,656.22/m3, unit price earth moving work with dump truck at IDR 38,324.82/m3, unit price leveling congeries with whell dozer at IDR 2,644.87/m3, unit price soil compaction and asphalt compaction with tandem vibratory roller at IDR 4,034.93/m3, unit price of the spreading asphalt with asphalt finisher at IDR 34,637.50/m3, and unit price asphalt compaction with pneumatic tire roller at IDR 13,478.42/m3.Keywords: capacity, heavy equipment, productivity, unit price, use
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Wang, Ying Fei, San Peng Deng, Bo Chen, and Lin Ling Zhang. "Design of Pneumatic Parachute-Packing Machine." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3286.
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As ground support equipment, drag parachute packing machine is used for packaging aircraft drag parachute. It is driven by high-pressure inert gas. Drag parachute will be compacted in the cylinder loading institution by high pressure. The overall structure of drag parachute packing machine is designed. The finite element analysis and structure optimization of drag parachute packing manipulator is completed. The pneumatic control system is designed. It provides an approach for drag parachute packing technology.
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Salokhe, V. M., and Nguyen The Ninh. "Modelling soil compaction under pneumatic tyres in clay soil." Journal of Terramechanics 30, no. 2 (March 1993): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4898(93)90020-x.
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Burg, P., J. Ferianc, A. Sedlar, V. Višacki, D. Ludín, and J. Turan. "Evaluation of the influence of different tires by vineyeard tractor on soil compaction." Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika 40, no. 4 (2014): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savpoljteh1402063b.
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Damme, Laird Van, and Herb Bax. "The development of better direct seeding techniques through applied research." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67268-3.
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Applied developmental research conducted in Ontario by KBM Forestry Consultants, Inc. has resulted in significant improvements in direct seeding of jack pine. Various trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of seed delivery techniques, soil compaction following seeding and seed shelters. This research has led to the development of a pneumatic seeder, a compacting wheel and an improved plastic seed shelter tool.
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Çarman, K. "Prediction of soil compaction under pneumatic tires a using fuzzy logic approach." Journal of Terramechanics 45, no. 4 (August 2008): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2008.10.001.
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Sandler, Niklas, and Robert Frank Lammens. "Pneumatic dry granulation: potential to improve roller compaction technology in drug manufacture." Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 8, no. 2 (January 11, 2011): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2011.548382.
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Chervov, Vladimir. "APPLICATION FIELD EXTENSION OF PNEUMATIC HUMMERS WITH VARIABLE STRUCTURE OF PERCUSSION POWE." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 5 (2019): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-5-103-111.
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In the work short review of equipment applied for driving of underground utility lines and for hammering of vertical steel elements into soil is carried out. Construction and operating principle of pneumatic hammer with elastic circle and inertial valves for hammering of pipes with various diameter are described. Huge longitudinal forces generated during percussion provide rock destruction or soil compaction in the area of hole boring. The forces can be used for realization of other technological processes, for example, for repairing of oil hole electric-centrifugal pumps which require full disassemble. Application of the pneumatic hummer with mass of percussion part 40 kg has been probed for extraction many components (working wheels and guide vanes) from pipe barrel. Other example of percussion device application is intensification of unloading process of bulk materials from railway cars using vibro-percussion setup with drive from pneumodrift, change of which to analogous in size and working parameters allows to get high efficiency of the technological process.
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Haavajõe, Anti, Madis Mikola, and Meelis Pohlak. "Design and Manufacturing of Variable Angle Tow Laminate." Key Engineering Materials 674 (January 2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.674.59.
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Variable angle tow (VAT) laminates have shown enhanced stiffness/strength performance compared to conventional straight fiber laminates. Employment of VAT allows utilizing variable stiffness design of composite structure, thus it widens the design possibilities. As a result, composite structure with improved mechanical characteristics can be manufactured. The main aims of the current study are to give an overview on methods and algorithms used for analysis and design of VAT laminates, and to develop technology and equipment for manufacturing laminate with improved structural performance. In order to improve the accuracy of the compaction process, a set of experiments were carried out using a simple testing device. For measuring the compaction force, a pneumatic cylinder, pressure regulator and digital manometer were used. The temperature of the consolidation area and the heat distribution were screened with the thermal camera. Infrared heater was used as a heating source. Material used in the experiment was carbon fiber reinforced polyamide.Findings show that in addition to the main parameters – the compaction force and temperature, there are many minor factors, such as the compaction wheel diameter, material and surface roughness of the compaction roller, the material and surface roughness of the mold and the pretension in the laminating tape and also the laminating speed, all influence the quality of the final product.Key words: Advanced Fiber Placement Technology, Automated Fiber Placement, Automated Tape Laying, Fiber Reinforced Composites, Laminates
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Deng, Yao-Ji, You-Qun Zhao, Han Xu, Ming-Min Zhu, and Zhen Xiao. "Finite element modeling of interaction between non-pneumatic mechanical elastic wheel and soil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (January 16, 2019): 3293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018821555.
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The tire/soil interaction is an important and complex research topic in vehicle-terrain mechanics, which has a great influence on vehicle mobility and soil compaction. The purpose of this work was to develop a detailed nonlinear finite element model for parametric analysis of the interaction between mechanical elastic wheel and the soil. The three-dimensional finite element model of the mechanical elastic wheel, which considers material nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity, as well as large contact deformation between the mechanical elastic wheel and soil, was developed based on the physical model. The reliability and accuracy of the finite element model were validated by comparing the predicted wheel static loading characteristics in rigid plane with those of experiments. The finite element model of the soil is modeled as a two-layer system and the Extended Drucker–Prager model was used to describe the nature soil properties. The deformation and stress of the soil and mechanical elastic wheel under the static loading condition were studied in detail. Moreover, the effects of the axial load on mechanical elastic wheel/soil interaction were also analyzed. The research results could offer reference for an optimum structural design of a mechanical elastic wheel and a prediction of soil compaction caused by non-pneumatic tires.
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Park, Douglas L., Thomas B. Whitaker, Francis G. Giesbrecht, and Henry Njapau. "Performance of Three Pneumatic Probe Samplers and Four Analytical Methods Used to Estimate Aflatoxins in Bulk Cottonseed." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.5.1247.
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Abstract The requirement by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that agricultural products susceptible to aflatoxin contamination contain aflatoxin at levels ≤20 parts per billion for consumer-ready products has led to the establishment of inspection programs by various industries. In Arizona, cottonseed samples from 100 ton piles are collected by an accumulation of 3 or more probings with a pneumatic probe. When sampling compacted cottonseed piles, the large official pneumatic probe (7.6 × 127 cm) decreases in efficiency. Two smaller probes (1.9 × 127 cm and 1.9 × 254 cm ) were therefore developed and tested for their suitability for sampling cottonseed piles. Three rapid analytical methods (one thin-layer chromatographic and 2 immunochemical) were tested for suitability as on-site assay systems. An analysis of variance of the analytical test results showed no differences between the various probes tested. Of the rapid methods, however, only the AflaTest-P immunoaffinity column gave results similar to those of the official AOAC thin-layer chromatography method. In terms of safety, however, all methods prevent material contaminated above regulatory limits from reaching the consumer.
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Nguyen, Vanliem, Renqiang Jiao, and Vanquynh Le. "Ride comfort performance of hydro pneumatic isolation for soil compactors cab in low frequency region." Journal of Vibroengineering 22, no. 5 (August 15, 2020): 1174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/jve.2020.21345.
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Zhuravleva, L. A., and N. V. Tkhuan. "Factors affecting the change in wheel resistance and track depth of wide-grip sprinkler machines." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 6 (2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2020-6-67-71.
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The operation of sprinkler machines (SM) is accompanied by the formation of a track with un-dercarriages, leading to an increase in resistance to wheel movement and leading to many negative consequences: over-watering of irrigated areas, an increase in energy expended on movement, an increase in soil compaction, etc. The depth of the track and the resistance to wheel movement de-pend on many parameters: soil moisture, irrigation mode, soil bearing capacity, wheel geometry, etc. But the greatest influence is exerted by the load on the wheel axle and the air pressure in the tires. The article presents the results of laboratory studies of installations that simulate the undercar-riage of sprinkler machines, which showed that while maintaining a constant air pressure in the tires, an increase in the axle load of the pneumatic wheel from 0.1 kN to 1.0 kN leads to an increase in the track depth to 4 cm, and also a linear increase in the resistance to wheel movement. With an increase in the pressure generated by the pneumatic wheel, the permanent deformation, the depth of the track, and, consequently, the resistance to movement of the pneumatic wheel increases. The track depth increases by 20% with an increase in tire pressure from 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa. With a constant load on the axle of the wheel, the resistance to movement of the pneumatic wheel increases on average by 25% when the air pressure in the tires rises from 0.5 MPa to 1.6 MPa. Optimization of running systems, the ratio of the load on the axle of the wheel, geometrical parameters and characteristics, as well as the air pressure in the tires is an urgent task.
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Saga, N., J. Nagase, and T. Saikawa. "Pneumatic Artificial Muscles Based on Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Muscles." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 3, no. 3 (2006): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/427569.
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This article reports the pneumatic artificial muscles based on biomechanical characteristics of human muscles. A wearable device and a rehabilitation robot that assist a human muscle should have characteristics similar to those of human muscle. In addition, since the wearable device and the rehabilitation robot should be light, an actuator with a high power to weight ratio is needed. At present, the McKibben type is widely used as an artificial muscle, but in fact its physical model is highly nonlinear. Therefore, an artificial muscle actuator has been developed in which high-strength carbon fibres have been built into the silicone tube. However, its contraction rate is smaller than the actual biological muscles. On the other hand, if an artificial muscle that contracts axially is installed in a robot as compactly as the robot hand, big installing space is required. Therefore, an artificial muscle with a high contraction rate and a tendon-driven system as a compact actuator were developed, respectively. In this study, we report on the basic structure and basic characteristics of two types of actuators.
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Staub, G., H. Montecino, J. E. Díaz, M. Pradena, S. Miller, and M. Díaz. "RPAS BASED TRACKING OF MACHINERY USED IN ASPHALT PAVING PROCESS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2021 (June 28, 2021): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2021-197-2021.
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Abstract. Application of rigorous construction procedures is fundamental when it comes to road construction. Nowadays, and in particular in Chile, the asphalt paving construction process is based on tradition, craftsmanship and other implicit, experience-based methods employed during road construction. This means, that the different stages of the construction process, including the paving of the road, are not controlled on time as they should, which causes that the final product does not have the ideal characteristics for which the construction materials initially were designed and manufactured. Therefore, we propose the use of tools and methodologies that allow monitoring each of the stages of the construction process in almost real-time. Our approach aims to evaluate the use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) during the asphalt pavement construction process by capturing images and videos during the placement of the asphalt mixture and the movement of the compaction machinery (pneumatic roller and drum roller) present in the construction site. The observations are digitally processed by mainly binarization and thresholding. As a result, the macro texture of the asphalt surface was estimated and the trajectory of the compaction rollers was visualized. In conclusion, our results reveal that the main factor that influences the quality of the roads corresponds to the performance and operations of the compaction machinery.
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Crovetti, James A. "Construction and Performance of Fly Ash-Stabilized Cold In-Place Recycled Asphalt Pavement in Wisconsin." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1730, no. 1 (January 2000): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1730-19.
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Cold in-place recycling (CIR) is a common rehabilitation practice used in Wisconsin to improve the ride quality and structural capacity of deteriorated asphalt pavements. In recent years, increased emphasis has been placed on incorporating stabilizers into the CIR materials to improve the structural capacity of the CIR base layer. This improvement can serve to increase the performance life of the completed pavement or to allow for a reduced hot-mix asphalt (HMA) surface thickness. The city of Mequon, Wisconsin, included asphalt emulsion and fly ash CIR stabilization over a portion of its CIR projects in 1997. Presented are the findings relating to the constructability of the fly ash–stabilized CIR pavement as well as performance trends for the CIR pavements based on distress and deflection testing results. CIR is a common rehabilitation practice used in Wisconsin to improve the ride quality and structural capacity of deteriorated asphalt pavements. In one type of CIR application, existing HMA layers are pulverized, graded, and compacted, then used as a base layer for a new HMA surface. The pulverization process is completed to provide uniformity of support to the HMA surface and to significantly reduce or eliminate the occurrence of reflection cracking of the HMA surface. In most CIR applications, pulverization is completed through the full thickness of the existing HMA layers, as well as through the top 25 to 50 mm of aggregate base. Penetration into unbound aggregate base materials aids in cooling of the bits on the pulverizer mandrel. After pulverization, graders typically are used to spread the materials to the desired width and shape. Compaction is achieved by using vibrating steel drum and pneumatic-tire rollers. The moisture content of the CIR materials is adjusted, as necessary, by surface spraying from a water tanker truck.
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Heckadka, Srinivas Shenoy, Manjeshwar Vijaya Kini, Raghuvir Pai Ballambat, Satish Shenoy Beloor, Sathish Rao Udupi, and Ullal Achutha Kini. "Flexural Strength Analysis of Starch Based Biodegradable Composite Using Areca Frond Fibre Reinforcement." International Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 2014 (November 13, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/769012.
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Natural fibres and biodegradable matrices are being considered nowadays as substitutes to synthetic fibre reinforced polymer composites mainly in sectors where high load carrying capacity and high strength are not prerequisites. Present study utilizes biodegradable matrix composite prepared by varying the weight of the base material (95–170 g), binder (5–10 g), and plasticizer (5–20 g) with treated areca frond fibres as reinforcement. Contents are transferred to a pneumatic press, compacted, and subjected to curing. Taguchi method with L8 orthogonal array was used to reduce the number of experiments. Specimens for the flexural tests are cut out from the prepared laminates and tests are performed using UTM. Maximum flexural strength of 16.97 MPa was obtained with a combination of base (170 g), binder (10 g), and plasticizer (5 g). Analysis of the results indicated that plasticizer has the maximum effect on flexural strength of the biodegradable composites.
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Burroughs, Steve. "Recommendations for the Selection, Stabilization, and Compaction of Soil for Rammed Earth Wall Construction." Journal of Green Building 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.1.101.
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Rammed earth possesses environmental advantages over most other competing construction materials. However, if it is to be more routinely used in the construction of modern, sustainable buildings, its material properties and production processes must be properly quantified. This paper proposes practical recommendations for soil selection, stabilizer treatment, and on-site compaction for rammed earth, based on a recent set of 219 stabilization experiments. The purpose of the recommendations is to maximize the probability of constructing rammed earth walls that meet or exceed a compressive strength criterion of 2 MPa. The recommendations cover: (1) Quantifying the natural soil properties of linear shrinkage and texture in a staged sequence in order to identify suitable soils to stabilize (and to reject unsuitable soils); (2) Quantifying the amounts of cement and/or lime to be added to the selected soil according to the values of soil properties measured; and (3) Quantifying the forces involved in on-site compaction of stabilized soil (for both manual and pneumatic ramming), and relating these to laboratory-based test standards. Although the recommendations need to be tested and verified/refined using new data, their initial application to rammed earth construction situations in Australia indicates that they have predictive utility. Further research will also indicate the degree of applicability of the recommendations to the production of compressed earth bricks.
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Ramadhansyah, Putra Jaya, Mohd Yusak Mohd Ibrahim, Hainin Mohd Rosli, and Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim. "A Review of Porous Concrete Pavement: Applications and Engineering Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.37.
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Porous concrete technology has been used since 1970s in various parts of the United State as an option to complex drainage systems and water retention areas.Porous concrete pavements have become popular as an effective stormwater management device to control the stormwater runoff in pavement. The objective of this paper is to study a pre-review on Porous concrete pavement and it previous laboratory study. From the literature, it was found that, the strength of the porous concrete pavementstill need to improve. To improve the strength of the porous concrete, various additive have been study as a part of porous concrete mix and yetthe optimum condition to produce good porous concrete still not been established. From the previous study, it was found that to prepare the porous concrete laboratory specimen, the use of standard Proctor hammer (2.5kg) and Pneumatic press (70 kPa compaction effort) resulted in the closest properties to the field porous concrete.
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Dancovych, R. S., and I. S. Kolyada. "Патоморфологія аспергільозу полярних сов (Bubo scandiacus)." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 73 (February 3, 2017): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7311.
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This article describes pathomorphological changes developing on the conditions of aspergillosis polar owls. Research Proven to 6 polar sovah (Bubo scandiacus), which are kept at home. Dissection of birds that died were carried out by Shor. Internal organs were removed only Organocomplexes, keeping their anatomical and physiological relationships. When opening the selected material for histological examination. Fixation of the pieces performed in 10% neutral formalin solution. Histozrizy sleigh made using microtome, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, methylene green and pironinom by brush. The diagnosis is established complex, based on history, clinical signs of the analysis, the results of postmortem (including histological) study. During the autopsy the most pronounced structural changes found in respiratory organs. In the pneumatic bags and lungs vizualizuvalys multiple granulomas white and yellow compacted consistency. Form asperhiloznyh preferably concentric lesions, hudzykopodibna. Some granulomas in its center containing necrotic mass. Often found conglomerates asperhiloznyh knots. Affected pneumatic bags are thick, dense (because of diffuse proliferation of connective tissue), delayed on the surface of fibrin. Often asperhilozni granuloma located on the thick connective tissue stem. For histological examination revealed that the center was located granulomas significant number of sero-fibrinous fluid that infiltrated abundant histiocytes, poorly lymphoid elements. On the periphery vizualizuvalys lymphocytes, and plasma cells psevdoeozynofily, fibroblasts. In the center of «mature» asperhiloznyh granulomas develop pronounced necrotic changes. Around hyperemic vessels developed peryvazalni pronounced swelling. In addition, the bags found povitryanosnyh sclerotic changes (increase of fibroblast proliferation and connective tissue), and in the lungs - perifocal sero-fibrinous pneumonia. In the small intestine recorded acute catarrhal or hemorrhagic inflammation. Also showed signs of intoxication (dystrophic and necrotic changes in hepatocytes and nefrotsytiv), general anemia, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease.
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Anifantis, Alexandros Sotirios, Maurizio Cutini, and Marco Bietresato. "An Experimental–Numerical Approach for Modelling the Mechanical Behaviour of a Pneumatic Tyre for Agricultural Machines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 3481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103481.
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The mechanical behaviour of an agricultural tyre is a matter of extreme interest as it is related to the comfort of operators, to the adherence of agricultural machines, and to the compaction of agricultural soil. Moreover, the deformability of the tyres plays a fundamental role in vehicle stability in terms of side rollover. The behaviour of a loaded tyre during its deformation is complex, due to the combined contributions of the carcass components, the tread rubber and the air contained within it. Therefore, this study proposes an experimental–numerical approach for the mechanical characterization of agricultural tyres based on real-scale experiments and matches these results with a finite-element (FE) model. The tyre flattening in the elastic field has been described using two coefficients (Young’s modulus “E”, Poisson’s ratio “ν”), whose values have been identified with an iterative FEM procedure. The proposed approach was applied to two different tyres (420/85 R24 and 460/85 R34), each one inflated at two different pressures (1.0 bar and 1.6 bar). Young’s modulus was appreciated to be highly variable with the inflation pressure “p” of the tyres. Furthermore, the response surface methodology was applied to find two mathematical regression models, useful for studying the variations of the tyre footprint dimensions according to the type of tyre. This simple approach can be applied in other simulations without suffering any loss of accuracy in the description of the phenomenon.
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Mamaeva, N. L., and S. A. Petrov. "Cassette technology for the production of polystyrene foam without a press." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2021-1-105-115.
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Today, there are several ways to obtain polystyrene foam. Unfortunately, not every constructive solution, being suitable for solving heat engineering and other problems, turns out to be optimal in terms of creating a heat-insulating, noise and sound-absorbing material that meets the following requirements: energy saving, energy efficiency, minimization of waste generation during its manufacture, increasing labor productivity and reducing costs. We have created a cassette technology for producing polystyrene foam without a press. The proposed technology makes it possible to obtain polystyrene plates of the required thickness with a compacted surface layer, simplifies the design for the formation of polystyrene plates, reduces the cost of foam plastic production, and creates ease of maintenance and obtaining up to ten foam plastic sheets in one cycle at a time. The advantage of the technology is that each foam sheet of the required thickness has a compacted surface layer, which reduces the water and moisture absorption of the foam and leads to an increase in the energy efficiency of the resulting plates and the disappearance of waste. In addition, this block form has a simplified design, it doesn't require pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders, pumps, etc., which reduces the cost of foam plates, facilitates labor and ensures the safety of operation of this equipment. Also, this unit is mobile, it can be used on a construction site, which is important for northern territories characterized by active development of oil and gas fields, placing it in shift camps of the oil and gas industry in the Arctic for the production of construction cabins and trailers for shift workers.
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Mohamed, Mohd Firdaus, Asyikin Sasha Mohd Hanif, and Ahmad Athif Faudzi. "Segmentation of a Soft Body and its Bending Performance using Thin McKibben Muscle." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 7533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.1.2020.02.0557.
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In recent years, soft actuator has been extensively developed in robotic research. This type of robot is expected to work with human with its flexible and adaptable advantage. The actuator material is soft, light, safe and high compliant. Due to these factors, soft McKibben is of interest as an actuator for this research for bending application. This paper introduces a variant bending analysis of a soft body manipulated using soft McKibben actuators. A series of 1.80 mm width with the length of 120.0 mm McKibben actuator is used to control the bending motion. The design consists of four McKibben actuators arranged in parallel and compacted in a soft body. The bending behavior was evaluated using an experimental test with a variety of pneumatic input pressure and length section on the actuator. The experiment showed that the bending angle was influenced by the segmentation length of the actuator, where the segmentation length and increased input pressure also allow more bending on the actuator. The actuator with lot of section gave more bending response compared to the actuator with lesser section. With the performance exhibited from this study, McKibben actuator can be applied in a wider use for continuum manipulator.
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Shiranov, A. M., and A. L. Nevzorov. "INCREASING THE STABILITY OF THE SAND CUSHION BY PRESTRESSING THE REINFORCING LAYERS OF GEOSYNTHETICS." Construction and Geotechnics 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.1.03.
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The use of prestressing of geosynthetics allows accelerate their inclusion in work, reduce deformations and gaining bearing capacity of artificial foundation. The article presents results of research of two methods of construction reinforced sand cushions. In the first case, the effect of prestressing is achieved due to a certain order of layer-by-layer soil compaction of the cushion, in the second - by laying of the swellable material between the contours of the foundations. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory tank with a pneumatic loading device. There are three stamps united by a common frame on the surface of the cushion. To assess the stress-strain state of the soil foundation, the non-contact digital tracer imaging method was used. The experimental results are presented in the graphs form of the dependence of the stamp settlement on pressure and vector fields of particle movements. Modeling has confirmed the high efficiency of prestressing. The ultimate pressure on the soil foundation with two-layer horizontal reinforcement and prestressing of the reinforcing layers in the first method was 195 kPa, in the second method - 165 kPa, whereas in the absence of prestressing this value was 110 kPa. Foundation deformations also decreased significantly.
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Malesa, Włodzimierz. "Application of selected methods of digital simulation to analyse dynamic impact of driven pneumatic wheel on soil in agrotechnical treatments and forestry to limit negative impact on the environment." E3S Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184600008.
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Loads transmitted by mechanical vehicles to soil result in its deformation and compaction. Increasingly bigger and more efficient machines affect the base they move on to a significantly greater extent. The purpose of this study with the use of digital simulation is to reduce expenses on costly experimental studies with the use of off-road vehicles or specially developed laboratory machines. The simulations were conducted using the Mechanical Event Simulation module, which is a part of the Autodesk Simulation Mechanical software. For each step, the simulation program provides the value of stress in all nodes of the base grid. The stress values obtained via dynamic simulations are consistent with the values registered under laboratory conditions. When classical experiments are replaced with numerical methods, not only the cost is reduced, but also the impact of weather conditions on measurement results is avoided and the time required for the study is shortened. The use of the described methods allows for design and selection parameters of exploitation pneumatics drive mechanism, which will significantly reduce the negative impact on the natural environment by machines in agrotechnical treatments and forestry. This is related to the environmental protection issues.
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Ajayi, Ayodele Ebenezer, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Nilton Curi, Cezar Francisco Araujo Junior, Olanike Olaiya Aladenola, Thiago Tadeu Teixeira Souza, and Alberto Vasconcellos Inda Junior. "Comparison of estimation methods of soil strength in five soils." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33, no. 3 (June 2009): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000300002.
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In agriculture, the soil strength is used to describe the susceptibility to deformation by pressure caused by agricultural machine. The purpose of this study was to compare different methods for estimating the inherent soil strength and to identify their suitability for the evaluation of load support capacity, compaction susceptibility and root growth. The physical, chemical, mineralogical and intrinsic strength properties of seven soil samples, collected from five sampling pits at different locations in Brazil, were measured. Four clay (CS) and three sandy clay loam (SCL) soils were used. The clay soils were collected on a farm in Santo Ângelo, RS (28 º 16 ' 16 '' S; 54 º 13 ' 11 '' W 290 m); A and B horizons at the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG (21 º 13 ' 47 '' S; 44 º 58 ' 6'' W; 918 m) and on the farm Sygenta, in Uberlandia, MG (18 º 58 ' 37 '' S; 48 º 12 ' 05 '' W 866 m). The sandy clay loam soils were collected in Aracruz, ES (19 º 47 ' 10 '' S; 40 º 16 ' 29 '' W 81 m), and on the farm Xavier, Lavras, MG (21 º 13 ' 24 '' S; 45 º 05 ' 00 '' W; 844 m). Soil strength was estimated based on measurements of: (a) a pneumatic consolidometer, (b) manual pocket (non-rotating) penetrometer; and (c) automatic (rotating) penetrometer. The results of soil strength properties were similar by the three methods. The soil structure had a significant influence on soil strength. Results of measurements with both the manual pocket and the electric penetrometer were similar, emphasizing the influence of soil texture. The data showed that, to enhance the reliability of predictions of preconsolidation pressure by penetrometers, it is better to separate the soils into the different classes, rather than analyze them jointly. It can be concluded that the consolidometer method, although expensive, is the best when evaluations of load support capacity and compaction susceptibility of soil samples are desired.
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Lachuga, Yu F., B. Kh Akhalaya, and Yu Kh Shogenov. "New design universal working bodies of tillage and seeding equipment." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500-26272019473-76.
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New designs of tillage and seeding equipment are presented. Technological and technical deficiencies of the existing working bodies for surface tillage and sowing techniques of row crops are noted. To eliminate the shortcomings, new universal working bodies of tillage and sowing units have been proposed, which provide for the mechanization and automation of working processes of tillage and seeding of various row crops. Their technological and technical advantages over the existing traditional working bodies are given. The technical characteristics of the new working bodies are presented, which allow to simultaneously perform four operations: cultivation, fissure, seeding and leveling the field surface. Execution of the sieve in the form of two discs with rollers on its inner surface allows cutting a slit along the sides from the vertical axis of seed placement, at a depth of almost twice the sowing depth to improve the water-air regime, with simultaneous compaction of the soil by the rollers. The final operation to level the soil across the entire width of the cultivator's paw grip is carried out by embedding a train. Also presented is the design of a modernized pneumatic sowing unit for various sowing methods, ensuring the simultaneous sowing of seeds of several types of row crops with their placement at different planting depth in accordance with agrotechnical requirements
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Sarsam, Saad Issa, and Shahed Mahmood Khalil. "Assessment of Rutting Resistance and Healing for Stone Matrix Asphalt Concrete (SMAC)." Advances in Sciences and Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/ase.2019.11.2.60.
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Stone Matrix Asphalt Concrete (SMAC) is known as tough, stable, rut-resistant mixture. In this investigation, SMAC was prepared in the laboratory using gap graded aggregates, asphalt cement, mineral filler and coal fly ash as stabilizing agent. Specimens were prepared using static compaction to the target density based on asphalt content for each case. The prepared Specimens were subjected to the 1200 repeated compressive stresses at 25 ºC under various stress levels using the pneumatic repeated load system PRLS. Specimens were subjected to microcrack healing process by external heating for 120 minutes at 60 °C, then it practices another cycle of repeated compressive stresses. The resilient modulus, permanent deformation, and rutting resistance under three levels of stress have been assessed. It was concluded that the resilient modulus Mr increases by (66, 50 and 31) %, (36, 50 and 31) % and (62, 37 and 69) %, while the permanent deformation decreases by (25, 11.4 and 25) %, (19, 31.6 and 14.5) % and (14, 9 and 8.3) % after implementation of fly ash at (OAC-0.5, OAC and OAC+0.5) % binder content under (0.068, 0.138 and 0.206) MPa of repeated compressive stress respectively. The resilient modulus increased by (17.6, 15.3, 10.5) % , (42.8, 51, 37.5) % and (18.7, 25, 23.6) % and the permanent deformation decline by (3.52, 31.66, 6.25) % under repeated compressive stresses of (0.068, 0.138, 0.206) MPa at (25 °C) after healing for mix with (4.6, 5.1, 5.6) % asphalt content respectively when compared with mixtures before healing.
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Saleh, Huda Mahdi, and Amjad H. Albayati. "Model Development for the Prediction of the Resilient Modulus of Warm Mix Asphalt." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 702–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091502.
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Increasing material prices coupled with the emission of hazardous gases through the production and construction of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) has driven a strong movement toward the adoption of sustainable construction technology. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is considered relatively a new technology, which enables the production and compaction of asphalt concrete mixtures at temperatures 15-40 °C lower than that of traditional hot mix asphalt. The Resilient modulus (Mr) which can be defined as the ratio of axial pulsating stress to the corresponding recoverable strain, is used to evaluate the relative quality of materials as well as to generate input for pavement design or pavement evaluation and analysis. Based on the aforementioned preface, it is possible to conclude that there is a real need to develop a predictive model for the resilient modulus of the pavement layer constructed using WMA. Within the experimental part of this study, 162 cylindrical specimens of WMA were prepared with dimensions of 101.6 mm in diameter and 63.5 mm in thickness. The specimens were subjected to the indirect tension test by pneumatic repeated loading system (PRLS) to characterize the resilient modulus. The test conditions (temperature and load duration) as well as mix parameters (asphalt content, filler content and type, and air voids) are considered as variables during the specimen’s preparation. Following experimental part, the statistical part of the study includes a model development to predict the Mr using Minitab vs 17 software. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.964 for the predicted model which is referred to a very good relation obtained. The Mr value for the WMA is highly affected by the temperature and moderately by the load duration, whereas the mix parameters have a lower influence on the Mr.
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Fihani, A., Hasyim Hasyim, and I. D. M. A. Karyawan. "Analisis Kebutuhan dan Biaya Alat Berat untuk Pekerjaan Pemadatan Lapisan Permukaan Street-Race Circuit Mandalika." REKONSTRUKSI TADULAKO: Civil Engineering Journal on Research and Development, March 4, 2021, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/renstra.v2i1.223.
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The Street-Race Circuit is being built in the Mandalika Tourism Special Economic Zone (KEK), Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The construction is targeted to be completed, before the MotoGP event on this circuit is implemented in 2021. One of the infrastructure related to this, which also really needs to be built to support the smooth running of the 2021 MotoGP is the development of access to the circuit location. The analysis carried out includes the calculation of heavy equipment productivity. Heavy equipment productivity is determined based on cycle times, production per hour, number of heavy equipment used, the amount of operating costs per hour. The analysis was carried out for the road surface layer work, namely the Asphalt Concrete Base Course (AC-BC) work. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the production for 1 unit of asphalt mixing plant (AMP) was 49.80 tons/hour and 9 units of dump trucks were 2.34 tons/hour. The spreader using the asphalt finisher can spread 109.18 tons/hour. As for the compactor, which is 18.55 tons/hour for 2 units of tandem rollers and 27.47 tons/hour for 1 unit of pneumatic tire roller. Other equipment is 9.96 m2/hour for air compressor and 2.74 liter/hour for asphalt sprayer. Meanwhile, in the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) work, several tools have the same productivity as the AC-BC job, namely asphalt mixing plant, air compressor and asphalt sprayer. Meanwhile, 13 units of Dump Trucks amounted to 2,338 tons/hour, 1 unit of asphalt finisher of 72,787 tons/hour, 3 units of tandem rollers of 12,367 tons/hour, and 1 unit of pneumatic tire roller of 18.31 tons/hour. The total cost of using heavy equipment for road surface layer work is Rp. 4,967,657,344. The total cost based on the contract document is Rp. 5,042,082,622. So that there is a difference in costs of Rp. 74,425,278.
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Sarsam, Saad Issa, and Samah Abdulrazzaq AL Nuaimi. "Assessing the Moisture Susceptibility at Interface of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Layers." Journal of Civil Engineering Inter Disciplinaries 1, no. 1 (May 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.47890/jceid/2020/sisarsam/12045782.
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The asphalt concrete flexible pavement consists of many layers interconnected by tack coat binder. The resistance of the bonding tack coat to the impact of moisture that ingress through the cracks into the interface of asphalt concrete can cause premature matrix degradation of pavement structure. In this investigation, the influence of moisture susceptibility on the bond strength and horizontal deformation of three layers of asphalt concrete are assessed under repeated shear stresses. The suitability of two types of tack coat (Rapid curing cutback RC-70 and medium setting cationic emulsion CMS) to support the resistance to moisture damage have been investigated. Asphalt concrete slab specimens have been prepared with the aid of roller compactor for the typical three layers usually implemented in flexible pavement in Iraq (wearing, binder and asphalt stabilized base courses) with (12, 19.5 and 25) mm nominal maximum size of aggregate. Layers were bonded by tack coat after construction of the bottom layers. Core specimens have been obtained and subjected to moisture damage then practiced 1200 cyclic shear stresses in the Pneumatic Repeated Load System PRLS using a special manufactured mold. Control core specimens have been obtained and practiced 1200 cyclic shear stresses. Specimens were tested for bond shear strength. The bond shear strength and horizontal deformation under repeated shear stresses were analyzed and compared. It was concluded that the horizontal permanent deformation increases by a range of (4 -27) % and (2-57) % after moisture damage when RC-70 and CMS tack coat were implemented respectively at various application rates. However, the reduction in bond shear strength due to moisture damage ranges between (2-17) % and (5 -30) % for RC-70 and CMS Tack coat interfaces. CMS tack coat exhibits higher bond shear strength ratio BSSR than RC-70 tack coat for all the application rates and is recommended for use from the moisture susceptibility point of view. Keywords: Moisture Susceptibility; Interface; Asphalt Concrete; Bond Shear; Horizontal Deformation; Tack Coat;
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Wang, Xue, Shihui Shen, and Hai Huang. "Meso-Scale Kinematic Responses of Asphalt Mixture in Both Field and Laboratory Compaction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, April 27, 2021, 036119812110092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211009222.
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Compaction is one of the most critical steps in asphalt pavement construction. Traditional compaction relies heavily on engineering experience and post-construction quality control and can lead to under/over compaction problems. The emerging intelligent compaction technology has improved compaction quality but is still not successful in obtaining mixture properties of a single pavement layer. Besides, very few studies have discussed the internal material responses during field and laboratory compaction to explain the meso-scale (i.e., particle scale) compaction mechanism. Knowledge in those areas may greatly promote the development of smart compaction. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the kinematic behavior of the asphalt mixture particles (translation and rotation) under six types of field and laboratory compaction methods and establish the relationship between the field and the laboratory compaction by using a real-time particle motion sensor, SmartRock. It was found that particle movement pattern was mainly affected by the compaction mode. At the meso-scale where particle behavior is the focus, the kneading effects of a pneumatic-tire roller can be simulated by laboratory gyratory and rolling wheel compaction, and the vibrating effects of a vibratory roller can be simulated by Marshall compaction. However, none of those laboratory compaction methods can completely simulate the field compaction. Under vibratory rolling, particle acceleration decreased fast in the breakdown rolling stage. Under pneumatic-tire rolling, particle angular position change was related to aggregate skeleton, and particle relative rotation showed a decreasing trend that was consistent with the laboratory gyratory compaction results. Those kinematic responses can potentially be used to monitor density change in field compaction.
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Colucciello, Michael. "PNEUMATIC COMPACTION TREATMENT OF ACUTE SUBFOVEAL HEMORRHAGE AFTER BLUNT TRAUMA IN A PATIENT WITH ANGIOID STREAKS ASSOCIATED WITH PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM." RETINAL Cases & Brief Reports Publish Ahead of Print (October 8, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icb.0000000000000827.
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