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Journal articles on the topic 'Pneumococcal vaccine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Gladstone, R. A., J. M. Jefferies, S. N. Faust, and S. C. Clarke. "Continued control of pneumococcal disease in the UK – the impact of vaccination." Journal of Medical Microbiology 60, no. 1 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.020016-0.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as the pneumococcus, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were first introduced for routine use in the USA in 2000, although the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was not introduced into the UK's routine childhood immunization programme until September 2006. After its introduction, a marked decrease in the incidence of pneumococcal disease was observed, both in the vaccinated and unvaccinated UK populations. However, pneumococci are highly diverse and serotyp

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van Tonder, Andries J., James E. Bray, Lucy Roalfe, et al. "Genomics Reveals the Worldwide Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Serotype 6E Pneumococci." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 7 (2015): 2271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00744-15.

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The pneumococcus is a leading pathogen infecting children and adults. Safe, effective vaccines exist, and they work by inducing antibodies to the polysaccharide capsule (unique for each serotype) that surrounds the cell; however, current vaccines are limited by the fact that only a few of the nearly 100 antigenically distinct serotypes are included in the formulations. Within the serotypes, serogroup 6 pneumococci are a frequent cause of serious disease and common colonizers of the nasopharynx in children. Serotype 6E was first reported in 2004 but was thought to be rare; however, we and other

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3

Peter, Georges, and Jerome O. Klein. "Pneumococcal Vaccine." Pediatrics In Review 17, no. 10 (1996): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.17.10.335.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly termed the pneumococcus, is a major pediatric pathogen both in developed and developing countries. Despite the availability of multiple antimicrobials to which this organism is susceptible, it continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the limitations of antimicrobial therapy in controlling the consequences of infection, particularly among high-risk persons such as those who have underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease and the elderly, led to the introduction in the 1970s of a polyvalent, polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine.

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Sempere, Julio, Mirella Llamosí, Idoia del Río Menéndez, Beatriz López Ruiz, Mirian Domenech, and Fernando González-Camacho. "Pneumococcal Choline-Binding Proteins Involved in Virulence as Vaccine Candidates." Vaccines 9, no. 2 (2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020181.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Currently, the available vaccines for the prevention of S. pneumoniae infections are the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine (PPV-23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13). These vaccines only cover some pneumococcal serotypes (up to 100 different serotypes have been identified) and are unable to protect against non-vaccine serotypes and non-encapsulated pneumococci. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant non-vaccine serotypes after these vaccines is an increasing threat. The

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Francois Watkins, Louise K., Jennifer L. Milucky, Lesley McGee,, et al. "Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Young Children in Haiti Before Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction." Journal of Infectious Diseases 224, Supplement_3 (2021): S248—S257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab119.

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Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduce carriage in the nasopharynx, preventing disease. We conducted a pneumococcal carriage study to estimate the prevalence of pneumococcal colonization, identify risk factors for colonization, and describe antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among pneumococci colonizing young children in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, before introduction of 13-valent PCV (PCV13). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 6–24

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Browall, Sarah, Erik Backhaus, Pontus Naucler, et al. "Clinical manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease by vaccine and non-vaccine types." European Respiratory Journal 44, no. 6 (2014): 1646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00080814.

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Pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs) have shown protection against invasive pneumococcal disease by vaccine serotypes, but an increase in non-vaccine serotype disease has been observed. Type-specific effects on clinical manifestation need to be explored.Clinical data from 2096 adults and 192 children with invasive pneumococcal disease were correlated to pneumococcal molecular serotypes. Invasive disease potential for pneumococcal serotypes were calculated using 165 invasive and 550 carriage isolates from children.The invasive disease potential was lower for non-PCV13 compared to vaccine-typ

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A., Lagousi Theano, John Routsias, Athanasios Tsakris, Maria Papagrigoriou-Theodoridou, and Vana Spoulou. "Pneumococcus and new approaches for pneumococcal disease prevention." ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA HELLENICA 59, no. 2 (2014): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10016399.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide predominantly in children younger than 2 years, the elderly over 65 years and immunocompromised individuals. Currently available pneumococcal vaccines are based on the generation of antibodies against polysaccharide capsule. Although these vaccines are effective against pneumococcal disease, their clinical effectiveness is limited due to several drawbacks. In particular, their high cost makes their widespread use difficult predominantly in developing countries. Αdditionally, the widespread

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PICHON, B., H. V. BENNETT, A. EFSTRATIOU, M. P. E. SLACK, and R. C. GEORGE. "Genetic characteristics of pneumococcal disease in elderly patients before introducing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 7 (2009): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808001787.

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SUMMARYStreptococcus pneumoniaestrains causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the elderly population of England and Wales during the winter of 2003/2004 (1 November 2003 to 30 April 2004) were characterized by serotyping and genotyping in order to determine their population structure in the elderly. Serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were carried out on 542 invasive isolates referred to the Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory. Pneumococci were distributed among 32 serotypes and 144 MLST sequence types. A high genetic diversity was observed within the major serot

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Walekhwa, Michael, Fiona Maiyo, Teresa Kerubo, and Fred Kipsang. "In Vitro Evaluation of Effect of Storage Time on Immunogenicity of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Using Baby Rabbit Complement & HL-60 Cells." Kabarak Journal of Research & Innovation 14, no. 01 (2024): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58216/kjri.v14i01.280.

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Background: The efficacy and effectiveness of a vaccine is influenced by several factors including storage duration. Additionally, vaccines may be sufficiently administered but functionality of antibody generated may be hampered with by other factors such as nutritional status of the patient. As such, one of the ways of assessing vaccine efficacy is assessing the functionality of the antibodies generated. The 10v-PCV is a highly effective vaccine used to prevent invasive pneumococcal diseases in children. However, here in Kenya, cases of pneumococcal diseases are high and challenging to treat.

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Ludwig, Endre, and Zsófia Mészner. "Prevention ofStreptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcal) infections in adults." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 50 (2014): 1996–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.30070.

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Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are still meaning a serious health problem, about 40% of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is due to pneumococcal bacteria in adults requiring hospitalization. The incidence and mortality rate of pneumococcal infections is increasing in the population above 50 years of age. Certain congenital and acquired immunocompromised conditions make the individual susceptible for pneumococcal infection and other chronic comorbidities should be considered as a risk factor as well, such as liver and renal diseases, COPD, diabetes mellitus. Letha

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Morton, Ben, Kondwani Jambo, Tarsizio Chikaonda, et al. "The influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-13 on nasal colonisation in a controlled human infection model of pneumococcal carriage in Malawi: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial protocol." Wellcome Open Research 6 (June 16, 2022): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17172.2.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive to manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with serotype replacement, and demonstrate reduced effectiveness against mucosal colonisation. For Malawi, nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-type pneumococci is common in vaccinated children despite national roll-out of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) since 2011. Our team has safely

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Morton, Ben, Kondwani Jambo, Tarsizio Chikaonda, et al. "The influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-13 on nasal colonisation in a controlled human infection model of pneumococcal carriage in Malawi: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial protocol." Wellcome Open Research 6 (September 20, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17172.1.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive to manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with serotype replacement, and demonstrate reduced effectiveness against mucosal colonisation. For Malawi, nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-type pneumococci is common in vaccinated children despite national roll-out of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) since 2011. Our team has safely

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Baranov, Alexander A., Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova, Nikolay I. Brico, et al. "Vaccine Prevention of Pneumococcal Infection in Children." Pediatric pharmacology 15, no. 3 (2018): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v15i3.1899.

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Pneumococcal infection remains one of the leading reasons for infant mortality from vaccine-preventable infections. Today vaccination is the most effective way to prevent diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant pneumococci. In the article, authors present current approaches to vaccinal prevention of pneumococcal diseases. The plan of action for carrying out active immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal infection is explained in detail for both healthy children and patients from risk groups for severe pneumococcal diseases development. The published work is based on key points of the guidelines of t

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Salt, Penny, Carly Banner, Sarah Oh, et al. "Social Mixing with Other Children during Infancy Enhances Antibody Response to a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Early Childhood." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 5 (2007): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00344-06.

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ABSTRACT Children who have siblings and/or who attend day care have higher rates of nasopharyngeal colonization with pneumococci than lone children do. Pneumococcal colonization is usually asymptomatic but is a prerequisite for invasive disease. We studied the effect of social mixing with other children on immunity to a pneumococcal vaccine. One hundred sixty children aged 1 year were immunized with a 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. A blood sample was obtained before and 9 to 11 days after the vaccine. The concentration and avidity of antibody against vaccine pneumococcal serotypes (4

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Jedrzejas, Mark J. "Pneumococcal Virulence Factors: Structure and Function." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 65, no. 2 (2001): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.65.2.187-207.2001.

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SUMMARY The overall goal for this review is to summarize the current body of knowledge about the structure and function of major known antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major gram-positive bacterial pathogen of humans. This information is then related to the role of these proteins in pneumococcal pathogenesis and in the development of new vaccines and/or other antimicrobial agents. S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of fatal community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly and is also one of the most common causes of middle ear infections and meningitis in children. The present vaccine fo

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Murphy, Clare, Donald Inverarity, Claire McGoldrick, et al. "Treated Follicular Lymphoma, Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Nonresponsiveness to Vaccination, and a Unique Pneumococcus." Case Reports in Hematology 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/386372.

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A nonneutropenic patient with treated low-grade non-Hodgkin’s (Follicular) lymphoma and secondary hypogammaglobulinemia recovered from pneumococcal pneumonia and septicemia (serotype 7F; ST191) subsequent to influenza A H1N1 (2009). Both infections were potentially vaccine preventable. The patient then developed pneumococcal meningitis due to a serotype 35F pneumococcus with a unique Multilocus Sequence Type (ST7004) which was not vaccine preventable. Patient management was influenced by host predisposition to pneumococcal infection, antibiotic intolerance, and poor response to polysaccharide

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Tasslimi, Azadeh, Erica J. Sison, Elizabeth Story, et al. "Disappearance of Vaccine-Type Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Emergence of Serotype 19A in a Minority Population with a High Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Low Childhood Immunization Rates." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 8 (2009): 1256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00140-09.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) following introduction of pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in an urban population with a 2% human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and history of low childhood immunization rates. We observed near-elimination of vaccine-type IPD. Substantial disease remains due to non-vaccine-type pneumococci, highlighting the need to increase pneumococcal immunization among HIV-infected adults.

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Klugman, Keith P. "Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1579 (2011): 2790–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0032.

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Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and is also the leading infectious cause of death in adults. The most important cause of pneumonia is the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae , also known as the pneumococcus. It has thus become the leading vaccine-preventable cause of death and is a successful and diverse human pathogen. The development of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines has made possible the prevention of pneumococcal disease in infants, but has also elucidated aspects of pneumococcal biology in a number of ways. Use of the

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Daniels, Calvin C., P. David Rogers, and Chasity M. Shelton. "A Review of Pneumococcal Vaccines: Current Polysaccharide Vaccine Recommendations and Future Protein Antigens." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21, no. 1 (2016): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.1.27.

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This review describes development of currently available pneumococcal vaccines, provides summary tables of current pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in children and adults, and describes new potential vaccine antigens in the pipeline. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the bacteria responsible for pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and bacteremia, remains a cause of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Introductions of unconjugated and conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have each reduced the rate of pneumococcal infections caused by the organism S. pneumoniae. The first

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Papadatou, Ioanna, Irene Tzovara, and Paul Licciardi. "The Role of Serotype-Specific Immunological Memory in Pneumococcal Vaccination: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects." Vaccines 7, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7010013.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae, pneumococcus) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Achieving long-term immunity against S. pneumoniae through immunization is an important public health priority. Long-term protection after immunization is thought to rely both on protective serum antibody levels and immunological memory in the form of antigen-specific memory B cells (MBCs). Although the ability to achieve protective antibody levels shortly after pneumococcal vaccination has been well documented for the various infant immunization schedules currently in use worldwide, t

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Wu, Kaifeng, Xuemei Zhang, Jing Shi, et al. "Immunization with a Combination of Three Pneumococcal Proteins Confers Additive and Broad Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in Mice." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 3 (2009): 1276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00473-09.

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ABSTRACT Pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccines are effective in preventing pneumococcus infection; however, some drawbacks preclude their widespread use in developing and undeveloped countries. Here, we evaluated the protective effects of ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (ClpP), pneumolysin mutant (ΔA146 Ply), putative lipoate-protein ligase (Lpl), or combinations thereof against pneumococcal infections in mice. Vaccinated mice were intraperitoneally and/or intranasally challenged with different pneumococcal strains. In intraperitoneal challenge models with pneumococcal strain D39 (ser

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Tóthpál, Adrienn, and Orsolya Dobay. "Drastic changes in serotypes of carried pneumococci due to an increased vaccination rate in Hungary." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 26 (2012): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29354.

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Introduction of the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine into the voluntary childhood vaccine program in Hungary in April 2009 resulted in a sharp increase of the vaccination rate. However, changes in serotypes as a consequence of vaccination should be considered. Aims: The aim of the authors was to compare pneumococci isolated from children with high-level and low-level vaccination rates. Methods: Nasal specimens from 854 children attending 20 nurseries at various locations in Hungary have been collected since 2009. The serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility and genetic relatedness of the isolated pn

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Kulohoma, Benard W., Katherine Gray, Arox Kamng'ona, et al. "Piliation of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in the Era before Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Malawi." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 11 (2013): 1729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00403-13.

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ABSTRACTThe pneumococcal pilus has been shown to be an important determinant of adhesion and virulence in mouse models of colonization, pneumonia, and bacteremia. A pilus is capable of inducing protective immunity, supporting its inclusion in next-generation pneumococcal protein vaccine formulations. Whether this vaccine target is common among pneumococci in sub-Saharan Africa is uncertain. To define the prevalence and genetic diversity of type I and II pili among invasive pneumococci in Malawi prior to the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into routine child

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Dagan, Ronald N. "Antibiotic resistance and the potential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines." Communicable Diseases Intelligence 27 (May 30, 2003): S135—S142. https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2003.27.37.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children throughout the world, causing both invasive (meningitis, bacteraemia) and non-invasive (pneumonia, acute otitis media, sinusitis) infections. Over the past few decades, the global emergence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains has complicated disease management. Thus, healthcare practitioners have begun to place more emphasis on the judicious use of antibiotics and prevention of disease through routine immunisation. Researchers have developed several pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, which due to thei

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Korona-Glowniak, Izabela, and Anna Malm. "Characteristics ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeStrains Colonizing Upper Respiratory Tract of Healthy Preschool Children in Poland." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/732901.

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Antibiotic resistant and invasive pneumococci may spread temporally and locally in day care centers (DCCs). We examined 267 children attending four DCCs located in the same city and 70 children staying at home in three seasons (autumn, winter, and spring) to determine prevalence, serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance patterns, and transmission of pneumococcal strains colonizing upper respiratory tract of healthy children without antipneumococcal vaccination. By pheno- and genotyping, we determined clonality of pneumococci, including drug-resistant strains. The average carriage of pneumo

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Trukhin, V. P., A. E. Evtushenko, E. L. Salimova, A. D. Konon, M. R. Khaitov, and V. A. Merkulov. "Analysis of pneumococcal serotypes distribution to determine a model composition for a Russian pneumococcal conjugate vaccine." Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 22, no. 2 (2022): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2022-22-2-124-141.

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Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as antibiotic resistance of its serotypes, are the leading cause of death amongst children worldwide. To prevent pneumococcal infection, the population is immunised with conjugate vaccines containing different amounts of polysaccharides of certain serotypes. Development of a full-cycle Russian vaccine is vital because the active pharmaceutical ingredients for the vaccines registered in the Russian Federation are produced abroad, and only the final stages of production of vaccines of this group are performed in the territory of the Russian Fe

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Kostyukova, N. N., and V. A. Bekhalo. "Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugated Vaccines and the Problem of Changing Circulating Serotypes of Pneumococcus." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 22, no. 5 (2023): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-110-120.

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Relevance. In 2007, WHO recommended pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) be included in national immunization schedules for young children. By 2020, 145 countries, including Russia, were using PCV. Aims. To identify vaccines with high epidemiological and immunological efficacy against various forms of pneumococcal infection, including carriage. Conclusions. It has been shown that PCV has high epidemiological and immunological efficacy against various forms of pneumococcal infection, including carriage. It was revealed that the mass use of PCV, leading to the elimination of "vaccine" serotypes

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Masomian, Malihe, Zuleeza Ahmad, Lai Ti Gew, and Chit Laa Poh. "Development of Next Generation Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines Conferring Broad Protection." Vaccines 8, no. 1 (2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010132.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen causing pneumonia with over 2 million deaths annually, especially in young children and the elderly. To date, at least 98 different pneumococcal capsular serotypes have been identified. Currently, the vaccines for prevention of S. pneumoniae infections are the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine (PPV23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13). These vaccines only cover some pneumococcal serotypes and are unable to protect against non-vaccine serotypes and unencapsulated S. pneumoniae. This has led to a rapid increas

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Yuki, Yoshikazu, Il Kong, Ayuko Sato, et al. "Adjuvant-free nanogel-based PspA nasal vaccine for the induction of protective immunity against Pneumococcus (166.7)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (2012): 166.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.166.7.

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Abstract To establish strategically effective and attractive vaccine against pneumococcal respiratory infections, combining the current knowledge and technology for common antigen throughout pneumococcal strains and the new delivery system is essential. Here, we introduce a new pneumococcal nasal vaccine using the advantages of Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) antigen and a new adjuvant-free intranasal vaccine-delivery system with a nanometer-sized hydrogel (nanogel) consisting of a cationic type of cholesteryl group-bearing pullulan (cCHP). Nanogel-based PspA nasal vaccination induced hi

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Kiran, Dr G. Usha, B. Aasritha, B. Jhansi lakshmi, J. Lulika Kumari, B. Sujitha, and G. Thanmaya swathi. "Pneumococcal Vacine: Overall View." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 8 (2024): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63970.

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Abstract: Streptococcus pneumonia is a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pneumococcal vaccines have been instrumental in preventing IPD, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children , older adults and those with compromised immune systems.This article reviews current landscape of pneumococcal vaccine , including the available conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines, their immunogencity,efficacy and safety profiles.We discuss the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on IPD incidence,stereo type distrubuttion

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Feemster, Kristen, William P. Hausdorff, Natalie Banniettis, et al. "Implications of Cross-Reactivity and Cross-Protection for Pneumococcal Vaccine Development." Vaccines 12, no. 9 (2024): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090974.

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Pneumococcal vaccines are a cornerstone for the prevention of pneumococcal diseases, reducing morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide. Pneumococcal vaccine composition is based on the polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is one of the most important identified contributors to the pathogen’s virulence. Similarities in the structural composition of polysaccharides included in licensed pneumococcal vaccines may result in cross-reactivity of immune response against closely related serotypes, including serotypes not included in the vaccine. Therefore, it is imp

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Rafei, Rayane, Mazen Zaylaa, Mohamad Diab, et al. "Nasopharyngeal Carriage, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children Under Five in Lebanon: Baseline Data Prior to PCV13 Introduction." Antibiotics 14, no. 2 (2025): 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14020168.

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Background: The nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae can be the source of transmission between humans and the starting step towards invasive pneumococcal diseases. Data on the carriage of pneumococci in children before and after the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) integration in a country are essential for monitoring any change in pneumococcal carriage serotypes and their antimicrobial-resistance profiles. Methods: We investigated the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae carriage among children younger than five years old in Tripoli, Lebanon, in 2016, the same year of integration

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Keller, Lance E., Xiao Luo, Justin A. Thornton, et al. "Immunization with Pneumococcal Surface Protein K of Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae Provides Protection in a Mouse Model of Colonization." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 22, no. 11 (2015): 1146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00456-15.

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ABSTRACTCurrent vaccinations are effective against encapsulated strains ofStreptococcus pneumoniae, but they do not protect against nonencapsulatedStreptococcus pneumoniae(NESp), which is increasing in colonization and incidence of pneumococcal disease. Vaccination with pneumococcal proteins has been assessed for its ability to protect against pneumococcal disease, but several of these proteins are not expressed by NESp. Pneumococcal surface protein K (PspK), an NESp virulence factor, has not been assessed for immunogenic potential or host modulatory effects. Mammalian cytokine expression was

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Masala, G. L., M. Lipsitch, C. Bottomley, and S. Flasche. "Exploring the role of competition induced by non-vaccine serotypes for herd protection following pneumococcal vaccination." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 136 (2017): 20170620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0620.

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The competitive pressure from non-vaccine serotypes may have helped pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to limit vaccine-type (VT) serotype prevalence. We aimed to investigate if, consequently, the indirect protection of vaccines targeting most pneumococcal serotypes could fall short of the profound effects of current formulations. We compared three previously described pneumococcal models harmonized to simulate 20 serotypes with a combined pre-vaccination prevalence in children younger than 5-years-old of 40%. We simulated vaccines of increasing valency by adding serotypes in order of thei

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Robinson, Tara M., and Sophie M. Lanzkron. "Standard Definitions of Pneumococcal Immunity May Not Accurately Predict Protection in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126056.

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Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are now routinely living into adulthood, but SCD has deleterious effects on multiple organ systems which can lead to increased complications from illness. SCD patients generally auto-splenectomize in childhood secondary to infarctions from their hemoglobinopathy, thus increasing their risk of infection with encapsulated organisms such as S. pneumoniae. Although there are data to demonstrate that vaccination has drastically decreased the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (i.e. bacteremia or meningitis) in children, the situation for adults is les

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Mirzaeva, A. R., T. V. Kulichenko, O. I. Lebedeva, et al. "NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE AFTER INTRODUCTION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KHAKASSIA." Russian Pediatric Journal 22, no. 4 (2019): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2019-22-4-196-204.

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Introduction The dynamic study of the serotype composition and the level of antibiotic resistance of S. pneumoniae in different regions is the most important component of the control of pneumococcal infections (PI). The aim of the study was to analyze the serotype composition of S. pneumoniae isolated from the nasopharynx in children under 5 years of age, as well as to assess the sensitivity of pneumococci to antimicrobials, depending on the vaccination status and previous antibacterial therapy. Materials and methods A multicenter cohort study of nasopharyngeal carriage, serotype diversity and

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Alghamdi, Saad, Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada, Nashwa T. Shesha, et al. "Pneumococcal Surface Protein A: A Promising Candidate for the Next Generation of Pneumococcal Vaccines." Cellular and Molecular Biology 67, no. 4 (2022): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2021.67.4.32.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacterium that causes pneumococcal disease which often results in pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, septicemia and sinusitis. Pneumonia, particularly, is a significant cause of worldwide morbidity and a global health burden as well. Treatment often relies on antimicrobials, to which the pathogen is frequently mutating and rendering infective. Consequently, vaccination is the most effective approach in dealing with pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Unfortunately, the current pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines have a narrow serotype c

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Patel, Sweta M., Yazdani B. Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb, Morgan Congdon, et al. "Evolution of pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0262225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262225.

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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, but the sustained effect of these vaccines can be diminished by an increase in disease caused by non-vaccine serotypes. To describe pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in July 2012, we performed molecular serotyping of 268 pneumococcal strains isolated from 221 children between 2012 and 2017. The median (interquartile range) age of the children included in this analysis was 6 (3,12) months. Fifty-nine percent of the children

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Ozisik, Lale. "The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next?" Vaccines 13, no. 5 (2025): 498. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050498.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and bacterial meningitis in children worldwide. In addition to pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs), such as bacteremia and meningitis, pose a significant burden, particularly among older adults and individuals with underlying comorbidities. These diseases lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal vaccination has been a cornerstone of disease prevention, reducing incidence and antimicrobial resistance. Recent advances in understanding S. pneumoniae epidemiology, genomic dive

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García, Ernesto. "Structure, Function, and Regulation of LytA: The N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine Amidase Driving the “Suicidal Tendencies” of Streptococcus pneumoniae—A Review." Microorganisms 13, no. 4 (2025): 827. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040827.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a significant human pathogen responsible for a range of diseases from mild infections to invasive pneumococcal diseases, particularly affecting children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite pneumococcal conjugate vaccines having reduced disease incidence, challenges persist due to serotype diversity, vaccine coverage gaps, and antibiotic resistance. This review highlights the role of LytA, a key autolysin (N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase), in pneumococcal biology. LytA regulates autolysis, contributes to inflammation, and biofil

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McIntyre, Peter. "Epidemiology and prevention of pneumococcal disease." Communicable Diseases Intelligence 21 (February 20, 1997): 41–46. https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.1997.21.9.

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There are comparatively little data on the incidence and morbidity from pneumococcal disease in Australia and elsewhere. Available data suggest that the overall incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia is comparable with similar populations. Very high rates are reported in Central Australian Aborigines, similar to invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. Disease incidence is probably greatly underestimated by case ascertainment from sterile site isolates alone. New diagnostic methods, such as serology to detect components of the pneumococcal cell wall, promise to si

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Morton, Ben, Sarah Burr, Kondwani Jambo, et al. "A pneumococcal controlled human infection model in Malawi: Transfer of an established pneumococcal carriage model from Liverpool, UK to Blantyre, Malawi – A feasibility study." Wellcome Open Research 5 (February 11, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15689.1.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive to manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with serotype replacement and demonstrate reduced effectiveness against mucosal colonisation. As asymptomatic colonisation of the human nasopharynx is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease, this is proposed as a marker for novel vaccine efficacy. Our team established a safe and reproducible pneumoc

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Morton, Ben, Sarah Burr, Kondwani Jambo, et al. "A pneumococcal controlled human infection model in Malawi: Transfer of an established pneumococcal carriage model from Liverpool, UK to Blantyre, Malawi – A feasibility study." Wellcome Open Research 5 (April 14, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15689.2.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive to manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with serotype replacement and demonstrate reduced effectiveness against mucosal colonisation. As asymptomatic colonisation of the human nasopharynx is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease, this is proposed as a marker for novel vaccine efficacy. Our team established a safe and reproducible pneumoc

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Lebon, Ankie, Nelianne J. Verkaik, Joost A. M. Labout, et al. "Natural Antibodies against Several Pneumococcal Virulence Proteins in Children during the Pre-Pneumococcal-Vaccine Era: the Generation R Study." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 4 (2011): 1680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01379-10.

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ABSTRACTThe currently available pneumococcal vaccines do not protect against all serotypes ofStreptococcus pneumoniae. A shift toward nonvaccine serotypes causing colonization and invasive disease has occurred, and studies on protein-based vaccines have been undertaken. We assessed the association between specific antibodies against pneumococcal virulence proteins and colonization and respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Additionally, we assessed the extent to which colonization induces a humoral immune response. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from children at 1.5, 6, 14, and 24 months of age

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Briles, David E., Rebecca Creech Tart, Edwin Swiatlo, et al. "Pneumococcal Diversity: Considerations for New Vaccine Strategies with Emphasis on Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA)." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 11, no. 4 (1998): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.11.4.645.

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SUMMARY Streptococcus pneumoniae is a problematic infectious agent, whose seriousness to human health has been underscored by the recent rise in the frequency of isolation of multidrug-resistant strains. Pneumococcal pneumonia in the elderly is common and often fatal. Young children in the developing world are at significant risk for fatal pneumococcal respiratory disease, while in the developed world otitis media in children results in substantial economic costs. Immunocompromised patients are extremely susceptible to pneumococcal infection. With 90 different capsular types thus far described

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Menéndez, Rosario, Antoni Torres, Pedro Pablo España, et al. "Pneumococcal Serotypes Associated with Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Adults in Spain, 2016–2020: The CAPA Study." Microorganisms 11, no. 11 (2023): 2781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112781.

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Newer higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have the potential to reduce the adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) burden. We describe the evolution and distribution of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) serotypes in Spain, focusing on serotypes contained in the 20-valent PCV (PCV20). This was a prospective, observational study of chest X-ray (CXR)-confirmed CAP in immunocompetent adults hospitalized in one of four Spanish hospitals between November 2016 and November 2020. Pneumococci were isolated from cultures and detected in urine using BinaxNow® and Pfizer serotype

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Morais, Texeira, and Suarez. "Next-Generation Whole-Cell Pneumococcal Vaccine." Vaccines 7, no. 4 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040151.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major public health hazard. Although Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) are available and have significantly reduced the rate of invasive pneumococcal diseases, there is still a need for new vaccines with unlimited serotype coverage, long-lasting protection, and lower cost to be developed. One of the most promising candidates is the Whole-Cell Pneumococcal Vaccine (WCV). The new generation of whole-cell vaccines is based on an unencapsulated serotype that allows the expression of many bacterial antigens at a lower cost than a recombinant vaccine. These va

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Gruber, I. M., O. M. Kukina, N. B. Egorova,, and O. V. Zhigunova. "Different Technologies for Obtaining Pneumococcal Immunogens." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 20, no. 1 (2021): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-1-76-91.

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Relevance. The worldwide use of pneumococcal vaccines, in particular conjugated vaccines (PCV), has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases in both vaccinated children and unvaccinated people of all ages. However, "non-vaccine" serotypes and capsule-free (non-typed) strains have become the main causes of pneumococcal disease, as with carriage, with an increase in antibiotic resistance. This requires new approaches in the development of vaccines that can lead to serotype-independent protection, especially in children, the elderly and immunocompromised p

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Belocerkovskaja, Yulia G., A. G. Romanovskih, and E. A. Styrt. "Pneumococcal vaccine in adults reduces the risk of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 94, no. 1 (2016): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-1-61-66.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of severe disease worldwide, particularly in the risk population. Two pneumococcal vaccines are currently available for specific prevention of pneumococcal infections among adults in Russia: a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The article describes modern views on the effectiveness and safety of two pneumococcal vaccines in adults with underlying medical conditions and adults aged ≥65 years and provides current recommendations for routine use of PPSV23 and PCV13 among persons

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Deng, James Z., Zhifeng Chen, James Small, et al. "Identification and Quantification of a Pneumococcal Cell Wall Polysaccharide by Antibody-Enhanced Chromatography Assay." Vaccines 12, no. 5 (2024): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050469.

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Multivalent pneumococcal vaccines have been developed successfully to combat invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) and reduce the associated healthcare burden. These vaccines employ pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PnPs), either conjugated or unconjugated, as antigens to provide serotype-specific protection. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides used for vaccine often contain residual levels of cell wall polysaccharides (C-Ps), which can generate a non-serotype specific immune response and complicate the desired serotype-specific immunity. Therefore, the C-P level in a pneumococcal vaccin

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