Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pneumonie Pneumopathie infectieuse'
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Clergue, Céline Rabbat Antoine. "Réévaluation de l'antibiothérapie des pneumopathies sévères la désescalade est-elle possible ? /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0247784.pdf.
Full textLépine, Raphaël. "De l'hémiplégie pneumonique thèse pour le doctorat en médecine présentée et soutenue le 20 mai 1870 /." Paris : BIUM, 2003. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?TPAR1870x098.
Full textSattler, Robert. "La pneumonie varicelleuse de l'adulte sain : etude a propos de 2 observations." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M198.
Full textThépaut, Marion. "Immunomodulation induite par la pré-sensibilisation per os à Norovirus dans un modèle murin de pneumonie aiguë à Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S033/document.
Full textThe murine norovirus (MNV) is a recently discovered mouse pathogen, this virus represents the most common contaminant in laboratory mouse colonies. Nevertheless, the effects of MNV infection on biomedical research are still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that MNV infection could alter immune response in mice with acute lung infection. Here we report that co-infection with MNV increases survival of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute lung injury and decreases in vivo and in vitro production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that MNV infection can deeply modify the parameters studied in conventional models of in-fection and lead to false conclusions in experimental models
Allaouchiche, Bernard. "Méthodes de diagnostic rapide des pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T067.
Full textChemani, Chanez, and Régis Matran. "Les lectines : nouveaux déterminants de la pathogénicité de Pseudomonas aeruginosa au cours de l'infection pulmonaire : vers de nouvelles thérapeutiques." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S020.
Full textMessika, Jonathan. "Escherichia coli, de la colonisation oropharyngée à l'infection pulmonaire : épidémiologie et physiopathologie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC285/document.
Full textVentilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is the main infectious complication in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Its pathophysiology relies on oropharyngeal colonisation, and so does its prevention. Escherichia coli is one of its main responsible pathogen. Nevertheless, data on E. coli implication in this context is cruelly missing.We tend to a multi-facets approach of E. coli VAP. This thesis’ objectives are: to update current VAP epidemiology, with regard to enterobacteriaceae in general, and E. coli in particular; to describe phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli isolates responsible for respiratory colonization or infection; to study pathogenic Gram-negative bacilli oropharyngeal colonization in populations of various severity; and to describe phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of oropharyngeal E. coli isolates and compare them to their rectal counterpart.In our first work, we confirm the importance of enterobacteriaceae as first-line VAP pathogens. Among those, E. coli is of particular matter, with regard to antimicrobial resistance. Predominance of B2 phylogroup among E. coli respiratory isolates has been confirmed in a single-ICU study, and a wide national survey of ICU patients. Furthermore, B2 phylogroup has been shown to prevail in oropharyngeal and rectal E. coli isolates. Next, we confirmed extra-intestinal virulence with a correlation between virulence factor content and mortality in a mouse pneumonia model. Last, a large-scale epidemiological study of oropharyngeal colonization in general, and of E. coli characteristics which composes it, in patients of different severity and in healthy subjects is ongoing. This data will allow a deeper insight of VAP pathophysiology, a better knowledge of E. coli population of oropharyngeal colonization and causing VAP. Targeted preventive measures could therefore be evaluated
Morel, Margaret. "Pneumopathie a mycoplasma pneumoniae chez l'enfant." Amiens, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AMIEM035.
Full textAuvray, Caroline Salmeron Sergio. "Prise en charge des pneumonies aiguës communautaires de l'adulte dans un hôpital parisien étude rétrospective de 58 cas de patients hospitalisés et comparaison des pratiques médicales aux recommandations de l'ANAES 2001 /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0237552.pdf.
Full textLEDUC, VERMES LAURENCE. "Infections a mycoplasma pneumoniae chez l'adulte." Amiens, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AMIEM077.
Full textSerre, Annie. "Pneumopathies à mycoplasma pneumoniae chez l'enfant." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11159.
Full textBernard, Olivier. "Pneumopathies a chlamycdia pneumoniae : a propos de 13 observations." Amiens, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AMIEM066.
Full textTran, Marc-André. "Pneumopathies graves révélatrices d'une infection à Chlamydia pneumoniae : à propos de six observations." Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES3073.
Full textPolidori, Fabiani Isabelle. "Les infections a streptococcus pneumoniae chez les sujets seropositifs vih." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20047.
Full textBOYCE, LALOUX VALERIE. "Bronchopneumopathies et pleuresies bacteriennes de l'adulte non immunodeprime dans le service de pneumologie du centre hospitalier general d'aix-en-provence : a propos d'une enquete menee du 1er janvier au 31 decembre 1988." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20202.
Full textWACK, PHILIPPE. "Evaluation d'une nouvelle technique immunoenzymatique pour le serodiagnostic des infections a chlamydia pneumoniae." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15052.
Full textVillefranque, Jean. "Pneumopathies communautaires hospitalisés dans un hôpital générale à La Réunion : épidémiologie, évolution et pronostic." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11084.
Full textNseir, Saadalla. "Prévention des microinhalations et de l'ischémie trachéale liées à l'intubation : rôle de la régulation continue de la pression du ballonnet." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743346.
Full textBousbia, Sabri. "Recherche de nouveaux agents pathogènes associés aux pneumopathies nosocomiales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20700.
Full textRecently, bacterial microbiota from a limited number of patients with cystic fibrosis and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was studied using 16S rDNA gene amplification followed by clone libraries construction and sequencing. These studies have showed that the microbial population of patients with respiratory infections was more diverse than expected. In the current study, we use a similar approach to identify exhaustively the pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) comprising the microbiota associated with episodes of pneumonia developed in the intensive care units (ICU). Our study included patients admitted to ICUswith with episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (n = 106), community-acquired pneumonia (n = 32), nosocomial pneumonia without mechanical ventilation (n = 22) and aspiration pneumonia (n = 25). A cohort of 25 patients admitted to ICUs without symptoms of pneumonia were studied as controls. This first part of the work enables to prepare an exhaustive repertoire of nosocomial pneumonia pathogenes; to know the prevalence of the pathogens identified and to identify co-infections frequently observed, and especially to ascertain whether these agents can be identified or not in the respiratory samples of patients without symptoms of pneumonia. To perform this part of work, series of samples, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, blood samples and urine samples were collected. These samples were tested by means of modern molecular tools based on the amplification of conserved genes (bacterial 16S rDNA and fungal 18S rDNA genes), followed by highthroutput cloning and sequencing. The atypical pathogens are targeted by PCR tests using specific primers and probes. We also included culture, amoeba co-culture, serological detection of antibodies against selected agents and urinary antigen testing, to compare these routine tests to molecular approaches. Based on molecular testing, we identified a wide repertoire of 160 bacterial species of which 73 were never previously reported in pneumonia samples. Moreover, we found 37 putative new bacterial phylotypes. We also identified 24 fungal species of which 6 have not been previously reported in pneumonia, 7 viruses and surprisingly 6 plant species. Some pathogens considered being typical for ICU pneumonia such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus species may be detected as commonly in controls as in pneumonia patients which strikingly highlight the existence of a core of pulmonary microbiota.In a second work, following previous works performed in our laboratory which were able to show that 19% of nosocomial pneumonia were determined by micro-organisms associated to amoebae (AAMs) previously ignored or neglected, we used a recent test based on multiplex serology to test for the prevalence of antibodies against the AAMs in the blood of patients admitted to ICU and developed episodes of pneumonia and compare it to the prevalence at the time of admission (controls). As a result, we demonstrate that some AAMs may be more frequently detected after episodes of nosocomial pneumonia than at the admission. In addition, the immune response to AAMS appears to increase when the ICU stay is prolonged.Finally, in order to explore samples for which no microbial aetiology was found, we have developed a subtractive hybridization metagenomic strategy and tested it on different clinical samples. The sensitivity of this strategy was also evaluated. We have demonstrated that our method, based on the detection of DNA and RNA of microorganisms in a single test, allows sensitive detection of different types of microorganisms
Barada, Olivia. "Impact des cytokines de la famille IL-20 sur l’épithélium respiratoire en conditions infectieuses et dans un contexte de broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S042/document.
Full textChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease due to chronic exposure to air pollution and especially to cigarette smoke exposure in approximately 90% of the cases. This disease is characterized by obstruction of the bronchi due to hypersecretion of mucus, hypertrophy of the smooth muscles, and destruction of the alveolar wall leading the patient to emphysema. The stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure causes activation of resident cells including pulmonary epithelial cells and an alteration of the immune system responsible for an increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections. As a result, patients with this disease develop exacerbations especially du to Non-Typable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi) and Streptoccocus pneumoniae (Sp).The IL-22 cytokine plays a key role in antibacterial defenses and maintenance of the epithelial barrier. This cytokine belongs to the large IL-10 family, and to the IL-20 cytokine subfamily also including IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24. IL-22 binds to the receptor formed by the IL-10Rb and IL-22Ra subunits, while the IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 cytokines binds to IL-20Rb associated with either IL-20Ra or IL-22Ra subunits. IL-20 cytokines (IL-19, IL-20, IL-24) have been shown to impair bacterial clearance during cutaneous infection with Staphylococcus aureus (Myles et al., 2013), by inhibiting the production of IL-17 and IL-22 cytokines. In addition, previous work in the laboratory showed a defect in the expression of IL-17 and IL-22 cytokines contributing to the susceptibility to infection in COPD mice (Pichavant et al., 2015). In fact, our current data show that exposure to cigarette smoke increases cytokine expression of the IL-20 family and that inhibition of this pathway blocks the development of exacerbation episodes in COPD mice.The aim of this thesis is to clarify the role of IL-20 cytokines in the response to bacterial infections (Sp, NTHi) both in a physiological context and in a context mimicking COPD. To do so, we will focus on the role of pulmonary epithelium both in the production and function of these cytokines in infectious context.To answer these questions, we analyzed the expression of IL-20 cytokines by pulmonary epithelium in vitro and ex vivo in a mouse model mimicking the COPD exacerbation as well as in pulmonary biopsies of smokers and non-smokers patients and of COPD patients. In a second step we evaluated the modulation by an IL-20 receptor blocking antibody (anti-IL-20Rb) of the anti-infectious response in our in vitro (murine tracheal epithelial cells) and in vivo models (Sp-infected mice). In parallel, we evaluated the involvement of IL-20 cytokines in the epithelial repair.All the results acquired during the thesis allowed us to demonstrate the expression of IL-20 cytokines and to demonstrate their role on the pulmonary epithelium during bacterial infection as well as in COPD. In addition, the results obtained with the anti-IL-20Rb neutralizing antibody in these contexts of infections and COPD, suggests a potential therapeutic application for respiratory infection
Hraiech, Sami. "Evaluation de stratégies thérapeutiques dans des modèles murins de pneumonie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5076/document.
Full textThe emergence multi-drug resistant bacteria hardens the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Our objective was to evaluate new therapeutic strategies and pathophysiological hypotheses in murine models of pneumonia.In a first model of acute lethal pneumonia with A. baumannii in rats, we compared the virulence of two hospital strains, one susceptible (ABCS) and the other resistant (ABCR) to colistin. We showed a reduction in mortality, pulmonary bacterial count, incidence of bacteremia and pulmonary histological lesions in animals infected with ABCR. This confirms the impaired virulence associated with the acquisition of resistance to colistin. In a second study, we developed a model of chronic pneumonia with P. aeruginosa in rats and showed thataerosols of squalamine permitted a reduction in pulmonary bacterial load and the number of histological lesions of pneumonia. In a third study, we evaluated the quorum quenching effects of a lactonase in vitro and in a model of acute lethal P. aeruginosa pneumonia in rats. We found a decrease in virulence gene activation and bacterial biofilm synthesis in vitro. This was associated with a decreased mortality from 75 to 20% in the treated animals.ConclusionsIn this work, we described the therapeutic potential of 2 molecules in P. aeruginosa pneumonia and illustratesd the loss of virulence associated with resistance to colistin in a clinical strain of A. baumannii