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Journal articles on the topic 'Pochonia chlamydosporia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Braga, F. R., A. R. Silva, R. O. Carvalho, J. V. Araújo, and P. S. A. Pinto. "Ovicidal activity of different concentrations of Pochonia chlamydosporia chlamydospores on Taenia taeniaeformis eggs." Journal of Helminthology 85, no. 1 (March 26, 2010): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x10000179.

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AbstractThree concentrations of chlamydospores of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (1000, 10,000 and 20,000 per Petri dish) were evaluated in vitro on Taenia taeniaeformis eggs. Chlamydospores at each concentration were cultured in two different media: 2% water-agar (2%WA) and 2% corn-meal-agar (2%CMA). Taenia taeniaeformis eggs were plated in each chlamydospore concentration in 2%WA and 2%CMA (treated groups) and without fungus (control group). Eggs were removed from each Petri dish at intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days and classified according to ovicidal activity (type 1, type 2 and type 3 effects). Plates containing 2%CMA showed the highest percentages for type 3 effect (81.3%) on the 21st day of observation. A difference (P < 0.01) between the media 2%WA and 2%CMA for type 1 effect was observed only at a concentration of 1000 chlamydospores on the 7th day. There were differences (P < 0.01) between 2%WA and 2%CMA on the 14th and 21st days, at the concentration of 20,000 chlamydospores, for type 1 and type 3 effects. Regression curves for type 3 effect in 2%WA and 2%CMA at the tested concentrations showed higher ovicidal activity with increasing chlamydospore concentrations. Results indicate that, at concentrations of 1000, 10,000 and 20,000 per Petri dish, chlamydospores of P. chlamydosporia effectively destroyed T. taeniaeformis eggs and can be considered a potential biological control agent for this cestode.

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2

Hoedekie, Annemie, Nicole Viaene, and Veerle Van Damme. "Long-term efficacy of Pochonia chlamydosporia for management of Meloidogyne javanica in glasshouse crops." Nematology 7, no. 5 (2005): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854105775142973.

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AbstractLong-term efficacy of Pochonia chlamydosporia, a fungal parasite of root-knot nematodes, was tested in two cropping systems: one consisting of three consecutive lettuce crops and another consisting of one tomato crop followed by two lettuce crops. Plants were either grown in pots in soil inoculated with 5000 chlamydospores of P. chlamydosporia per cm3 soil or in soil without chlamydospores. Fifty or 25 second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica per 100 cm3 soil were applied in Tests 1 and 2, respectively. The high nematode inoculum density of Test 1 resulted in considerable plant death, showing that the fungus was unable to control high nematode levels. At the harvest of most crop cycles, fewer J2 were found in soil or roots or fewer egg masses per root system were counted in pots with P. chlamydosporia compared with pots without P. chlamydosporia. A one-time application of P. chlamydosporia was able to slow down the build-up of the M. javanica population for at least 5-7 months.

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3

Wang, Kening, Robert D. Riggs, and Devany Crippen. "Isolation, Selection, and Efficacy of Pochonia chlamydosporia for Control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on Cotton." Phytopathology® 95, no. 8 (August 2005): 890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-0890.

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The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, is a serious threat to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production in the United States, causing an annual loss of about $80 million. The objective of this study was to isolate fungi from eggs of R. reniformis and select potential biocontrol agents for R. reniformis on cotton. We focused on the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia because it suppresses root-knot and cyst nematodes and because preliminary data indicated that it was present in Arkansas cotton fields. Soil samples were collected from six cotton fields in Jefferson County, Arkansas. A total of 117 isolates of the nematophagous fungus P. chlamydosporia were obtained. In an in vitro test, 105 of the 117 isolates parasitized fewer than 15% of R. reniformis eggs, but 12 isolates parasitized between 16 and 35% of the eggs. These 12 isolates produced from 6.8 × 104 to 6.9 × 105 chlamydospores per gram of medium in vitro, and chlamydospore production was similar on rice grain and corn grain media. In two greenhouse experiments, a single application of isolate 37 (5,000 chlamydospores per gram of soil) significantly reduced the numbers of R. reniformis on cotton roots and in soil. The three isolates (37, 26, and 14) that parasitized the most eggs in vitro were also the most effective in suppressing numbers of R. reniformis and in increasing cotton growth in the greenhouse.

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4

Gouveia, Angélica de Souza, Thalita Suelen Avelar Monteiro, Samuel Vasconcelos Valadares, Bruna Leite Sufiate, Leandro Grassi de Freitas, Humberto Josué de Oliveira Ramos, and José Humberto de Queiroz. "Understanding How Pochonia chlamydosporia Increases Phosphorus Availability." Geomicrobiology Journal 36, no. 8 (May 24, 2019): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2019.1616857.

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5

Bontempo, A. F., R. H. Fernandes, J. Lopes, L. G. Freitas, and E. A. Lopes. "Pochonia chlamydosporia controls Meloidogyne incognita on carrot." Australasian Plant Pathology 43, no. 4 (March 13, 2014): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13313-014-0283-x.

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6

Frassy, Luiza Neme, Fabio Ribeiro Braga, André Ricardo e. Silva, Jackson Victor de Araújo, Sebastião Rodrigo Ferreira, and Leandro Grassi de Freitas. "Destruição de ovos de Toxocara canis pelo fungo nematófago Pochonia chlamydosporia." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 43, no. 1 (February 2010): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822010000100024.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Toxocara canis é um ascarídeo parasita do intestino delgado de cães, causador da larva migrans visceral em seres humanos. MÉTODOS: Com o objetivo de demonstrar a eficácia do fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia sobre ovos de Toxocara canis em condições laboratoriais, foi montado ensaio experimental em placas de Petri com ágar-água 2%. RESULTADOS: Houve atividade ovicida de 43,8% (p<0,01) do grupo tratado em relação ao grupo controle durante os intervalos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstrados no presente trabalho sugerem a empregabilidade de Pochonia chlamydosporia como uma alternativa de controle biológico dos ovos embrionados de Toxocara canis.

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7

Braga, Fabio Ribeiro, Juliana Milani Araujo, André Ricardo e. Silva, Jackson Victor de Araújo, Rogério Oliva Carvalho, Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares, José Humberto de Queiroz, and Hugo Leonardo André Gênier. "Ação ovicida do extrato bruto enzimático do fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia sobre ovos de Ancylostoma sp." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 44, no. 1 (February 2011): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822011000100027.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Ancylostoma sp é um geo-helminto potencialmente zoonótico. MÉTODOS: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a ação do extrato bruto enzimático de Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) sobre ovos de Ancylostoma sp, em meio ágar-água 2% e em cultura de fezes. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um percentual de redução na eclosão dos ovos de Ancylostoma sp, de 76,8% na placas de Petri do grupo tratado em relação ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: O extrato bruto enzimático de Pochonia chlamydosporia foi eficiente na redução da eclosão dos ovos de Ancylostoma sp, podendo ser utilizado como controlador biológico desse nematoide.

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8

Silva, Adriana De Abreu, Ivan Vilas Bôas Souza, John Silva Porto, and Abel Rebouças São José. "UTILIZAÇÃO DE FUNGOS BENÉFICOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE MUDAS DE GOIABEIRA EM SOLOS INFESTADOS COM NEMATOIDES." Nativa 8, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i2.8141.

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O nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) tem sido um fator limitante ao cultivo da goiabeira no Brasil, pois restringe a produção e a qualidade dos frutos. O controle biológico vem sendo empregado para suprimir nematoides fitopatogênicos e a inoculação com Trichoderma spp. e Pochonia chlamydosporia é um método promissor, contudo poucas pesquisas são relatadas com estes fungos à cerca da cultura da goiabeira. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum e Pochonia chlamydosporia na modulação morfológica do crescimento inicial de mudas de goiabeira ‘Paluma’ em solo naturalmente infestado com Meloidogyne spp. A pesquisa ocorreu na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia – UESB, Campus de Vitória da Conquista - BA em telado experimental. Foram realizadas as análises morfológicas altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, comprimento de raízes, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Foi possível observar que os fungos de biocontrole não foram eficientes na supressão dos nematoides juvenis durante o período de avaliação, no entanto a inoculação com Trichoderma harzianum, promoveu incremento nas massas fresca e seca da parte aérea e na massa seca das raízes, Pochonia clamydosporia mostrou-se menos eficiente quanto a promoção de crescimento inicial das mudas quando comparadas a Trichoderma spp.Palavras-chave: Psidium guajava; Trichoderma spp.; Pochonia spp.; Meloidogyne spp. USE OF BENEFICIAL FUNGI IN DEVELOPMENT OF GUAVA SEEDLINGS IN NEMATODES INFESTED SOILS ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) has been a limiting factor to growing guava in Brazil since it restricts yield and fruit quality. Biological control has been employed to suppress phytopathogenic nematodes. The inoculation with Trichoderma spp. and Pochonia chlamydosporia is a promising method; however, studies on the impact of these fungi on guava trees are lacking. This work aimed to assess the efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Pochonia chlamydosporia in morphological modulation at the early development of ‘Paluma’ guava seedlings grown on a soil naturally infested by Meloidogyne spp. The study took place at the State University of Southeastern Bahia – UESB, campus Vitória da Conquista, Bahia state, Brazil, in a net house. The following morphological traits were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, root length, and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. These fungi as biocontrol agents were not efficient in suppressing juvenile nematodes over the evaluation period; nonetheless, inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum increased fresh and dry weights of shoot as well a root dry weight. Pochonia clamydosporia was less efficient in promoting the early development of seedlings compared to Trichoderma spp.Keywords: Psidium guajava; Trichoderma spp.; Pochonia spp.; Meloidogyne spp.

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9

Shinonaga, Hideki, Yoji Kawamura, Akiko Ikeda, Mari Aoki, Noriyoshi Sakai, Natsuko Fujimoto, and Akira Kawashima. "Pochonins K–P: new radicicol analogues from Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and their WNT-5A expression inhibitory activities." Tetrahedron 65, no. 17 (April 2009): 3446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.02.027.

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10

Alves, Cintia da Silva, Renan Zappavigna Costa Starling, Lilian Lagen Rodrigues, Maria Laura Urbano Nascimento, Amanda Dutra de Vargas, Ualace Oliveira dos Reis, Guilherme de Resende Camara, Wilian Bucker Moraes, André da Silva Xavier, and Fábio Ramos Alves. "Greenhouse and field assessment of biological and chemical agents against guava decline." Summa Phytopathologica 47, no. 2 (April 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/225806.

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ABSTRACT Guava decline is a complex disease resulting from the parasitism by Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me), which predisposes the plant to root rot caused by Fusarium sp. Three in vitro experiments were carried out with the aim of: (i) selecting the Fluensulfone dosage capable of causing Me mortality; (ii) verifying the effect of Fluensulfone on Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma harzianum; (iii) evaluating the effect of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma harzianum in pure doses and in association with Fluensulfone on Me mortality. Fluensulfone at 2 L.ha-1 had no effect on fungi. The associated and pure doses of treatments had a significant effect on Me mortality. A field experiment was also carried out in a guava orchard where decline occurred. The following treatments were tested: Fluensulfone; P. chlamydosporia; P. chlamydosporia + Fluensulfone; T. harzianum; T. harzianum + Fluensulfone; Carbofuran, and control. All treatments reduced Me population, since relative efficiency was higher than 80%. Fluensulfone used alone or in combination with biological nematicides provided an increase in guava productivity. Maintaining Me population low in the field is an important option for increasing productivity and reducing the losses suffered by farmers.

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11

de Podestá, Guilherme S., Rosangela Dallemole -Giaretta, Silamar Ferraz, Ernani Luis Agnes, Leandro Grasside Freitas, and Everaldo Antônio Lopes. "Cover crops and Pochonia chlamydosporia for the control of Meloidogyne javanica." Nematology 13, no. 8 (2011): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855411x563875.

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AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the combination of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia with summer and winter cover plants on the control of Meloidogyne javanica on tomato plants under glasshouse conditions. Treatment combinations were with four soil covers (pearl millet and Surinam grass in Experiment 1, oil radish and black oat in Experiment 2; plus tomato and fallow controls) and two P. chlamydosporia treatments (with or without the fungus). The antagonist was applied to nematode-infested soil when the cover crops or tomato were planted. Tomato plants were removed and the above-ground parts of the cover crops were cut, dried, and placed on the pots 60 days after planting. One tomato seedling was transplanted in each pot in a no-tillage system and cultivated for 60 days. Surinam grass, pearl millet and black oat reduced galls and eggs of M. javanica by more than 90%, without application of the fungus. However, P. chlamydosporia + Surinam grass significantly reduced by 72% the number of galls compared with cultivation of the grass in soil without the fungus. Pochonia chlamydosporia became established in soil and could be re-isolated at the end of both experiments. Colony forming units (CFU) (g soil)–1 varied from 1.0 × 105 (fallow) to 2.6 × 105 (pearl millet) and from 1.1 × 105 (fallow) to 2.3 × 105 (oil radish) for the experiments with summer soil cover crops and winter soil cover crops, respectively. The cultivation of Surinam grass, pearl millet and black oat reduced M. javanica populations, and the combination with P. chlamydosporia may favour the establishment of the fungus in the soil and enhance the control of the nematode.

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12

Dallemole-Giaretta, Rosangela, Leandro Grassi de Freitas, Larissa de Brito Caixeta, Déborah Magalhães Xavier, Silamar Ferraz, and Cléia de Fátima Silva Fabry. "Produção de clamidósporos de Pochonia chlamydosporia em diferentes substratos." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 35, no. 2 (April 2011): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542011000200012.

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Clamidósporos são estruturas de sobrevivência do fungo nematófago Pochonia chlamydosporia. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar diferentes substratos, teores de água e formas de inóculo para a produção in vitro de clamidósporos de P. chlamydosporia. Inicialmente, testaram-se os substratos grãos de milho triturado, grãos de arroz e casca de café e os tipos de inóculo meio líquido concentrado ou diluído (1:40) e discos de cultura, colonizados por P. chlamydosporia. Posteriormente, testou-se o substrato grãos de milho triturado suplementado ou não com caldo de batata com os inóculos do fungo nas formas de discos de micélio ou suspensão aquosa. As maiores produções de clamidósporos g-1 de substrato foram obtidas nos substratos grãos de milho triturado e casca de café, e as melhores formas de inóculo foram meio líquido diluído (1:40) e discos de micélio. A suplementação do substrato grãos de milho triturado com caldo de batata não aumentou a produção de clamidósporos do fungo e a melhor forma de inóculo do fungo foi a de discos de micélio. Além disso, testaram-se os substratos canjica, grãos de arroz, casca de café e fibra de coco, umedecidos com diferentes quantidades de água; o substrato casca de café umedecido por diferentes períodos; a casca de café enriquecida ou não com sacarose e farinha de arroz e o substrato grãos de arroz esterilizado no forno micro-ondas com diferentes quantidades de água. Apenas o substrato grãos de arroz, em todas as quantidades de água testadas, apresentou maior produção de clamidósporos. Não houve diferença na produção de clamidósporos no substrato casca de café umedecido por diferentes períodos e apenas quando a casca de café foi enriquecida com farinha de arroz, apresentou maior média de clamidósporos g-1 de substrato. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram grande produção de clamidósporos g-1 quando o substrato utilizado foi o de grãos de arroz tratados no forno de micro-ondas. O melhor meio de cultivo de P. chlamydosporia para a produção de clamidósporos foi o substrato contendo grãos de arroz.

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13

Lacatena, Federica, Roberta Marra, Pierluigi Mazzei, Alessandro Piccolo, Maria Digilio, Massimo Giorgini, Sheridan Woo, Pierpaolo Cavallo, Matteo Lorito, and Francesco Vinale. "Chlamyphilone, a Novel Pochonia chlamydosporia Metabolite with Insecticidal Activity." Molecules 24, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040750.

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Metabolites from a collection of selected fungal isolates have been screened for insecticidal activity against the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Crude organic extracts of culture filtrates from six fungal isolates (Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Penicillium griseofulvum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Talaromyces pinophilus) caused mortality of aphids within 72 h after treatment. In this work, bioassay-guided fractionation has been used to characterize the main bioactive metabolites accumulated in fungal extracts. Leucinostatins A, B and D represent the bioactive compounds produced by P. lilacinus. From P. griseofulvum and B. bassiana extracts, griseofulvin and beauvericin have been isolated, respectively; 3-O-Methylfunicone and a mixture of destruxins have been found in the active fractions of T. pinophilum and M. anisopliae, respectively. A novel azaphilone compound, we named chlamyphilone, with significant insecticidal activity, has been isolated from the culture filtrate of P. chlamydosporia. Its structure has been determined using extensive spectroscopic methods and chemical derivatization.

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Braga, F. R., J. V. Araújo, A. R. Silva, J. M. Araujo, R. O. Carvalho, A. K. Campos, A. O. Tavela, S. R. Ferreira, L. N. Frassy, and C. D. F. Alves. "Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium and Pochonia chlamydosporia as possible biological control agents of Oxyuris equi and Austroxyuris finlaysoni." Journal of Helminthology 84, no. 1 (July 2, 2009): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x09990034.

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AbstractThe action of four fungal isolates of the species Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) on eggs of Oxyuris equi and Austroxyuris finlaysoni was evaluated in two assays (A and B). Eggs of O. equi (Test A) and A. finlaysoni (Test B) were plated on Petri dishes with 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates and control without fungus. After 5, 10 and 15 days, 100 eggs were collected and classified according to the following parameters: type 1 effect, physiological and biochemical effect without morphological damage to the eggshell; type 2 effect, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo; and type 3 effect, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo, hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. Pochonia chlamydosporia isolates VC1 and VC4 showed ovicidal activity for type 1, 2 and 3 effects on eggs of O. equi and eggs of A. finlaysoni. In vitro assays A and B showed that P. chlamydosporia had a negative influence on eggs of O. equi and A. finlaysoni and can be considered as a potential biological control agent of nematodes.

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15

Podestá, Guilherme Silva de, Leandro Grassi de Freitas, Rosangela Dallemole-Giaretta, Ronaldo João Falcão Zooca, Larissa de Brito Caixeta, and Silamar Ferraz. "Meloidogyne javanica control by Pochonia chlamydosporia, Gracilibacillus dipsosauri and soil conditioner in tomato." Summa Phytopathologica 39, no. 2 (June 2013): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052013000200007.

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Organic matter plays a fundamental role in the antagonistic activity of microorganisms against phytonematode populations on the soil. In this study, the compatibility between the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-12) and the rhizobacterium Gracilibacillus dipsosauri (MIC 14) was evaluated in vitro, as well as the effect of the fungus at the concentration of 5,000 chlamydospores per gram of soil, rhizobacterium at 4.65 x 10(9) cells/g of soil, and the soil conditioner Ribumin® at 10 g/pot, either alone or in combination, against Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato plants (3,000 eggs/pot). A suspension of water or Ribumin® alone was applied on the soil as negative control, while a suspension of nematode eggs was applied as positive control. The reduction in the number of galls in roots per plant was 48 and 41% for the treatments Ribumin + MIC 14 + Pc-12 and MIC 14 + Pc-12, respectively. Regarding to the number of eggs per plant, MIC 14 and Pc-12 + Ribumin led to a reduction by 26 and 21%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Interaction between the nematophagous fungus and the rhizobacterium was positive for the nematode control, even though G. dipsosauri inhibited P. chlamydosporia growth by up to 30% in in vitro tests.

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Mingot-Ureta, Cristina, Federico Lopez-Moya, and Luis Vicente Lopez-Llorca. "Isolates of the Nematophagous Fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia Are Endophytic in Banana Roots and Promote Plant Growth." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091299.

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The biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia colonizes banana roots endophytically. Root hairs and root surface were colonized by a stable GFP (green fluorescent protein) transformant of the fungus. Hyphal penetration in root cells was also observed. Spores of P. chlamydosporia 123, significantly increase root and leaf length and weight in banana plantlets (Musa acuminata cv. ‘Dwarf Cavendish’) in growth chamber experiments 30 days post-inoculation. In greenhouse 8-L pot experiments, P. chlamydosporia 123 spore inoculation significantly increases root, corm and leaf length, and leaf weight in banana plants (75 days post-inoculation). Spore inoculation of P. chlamydosporia strains from diverse origin (Pc21, Pc123, Pc399, and Pccat), significantly increase root, corm and leaf length and weight in banana plantlets. Pc21 from Italy was the best colonizer of banana roots. Consequently, this strain significantly increases banana root and leaf length most. Root colonization by P. chlamydosporia was also detected using cultural techniques and qPCR.

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Shinonaga, Hideki, Noriyoshi Sakai, Yuriko Nozawa, Akiko Ikeda, Mari Aoki, and Akira Kawashima. "13-Bromomonocillin I: A New WNT-5A Expression Inhibitor Produced by Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia." HETEROCYCLES 78, no. 11 (2009): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-09-11809.

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18

Lubian, Cleonice, Danielle Dutra Matinha, Roberto Luis Portz, Vivian Carré Missio, Luanna Karoline Rinaldi, Tatiane Priscila Chiapetti, Camila Hendges, Maria Eunice Lima Rocha, and Mayra Taniely Ribeiro Abade. "Hirsutella thompsonii and Pochonia chlamydosporia (Syn. Verticillium chlamydosporium) Mycelia Growth and Predation on Panagrellus redivivus." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 11 (October 16, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n11p137.

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This research aimed to evaluate the nematophagous ability of 4077-Verticillium chlamydosporium var. chlamydosporium and 4466-Hirsutella thompsonii isolates and relate mycelia growth to the influence provoked by movement of nematodes. Each fungus grew in PDA (potato, dextrose, agar) medium end up to pure colonization. Then, ten mycelia plugs of 8 mm diameter were removed from colony borders and transferred to the center of ten Petri plates containing water-agar 2% medium. These plates were previously divided into four quadrants that received a number of 25 individuals of free-living nematodes (Panagrellus redivivus), composing a total of 100 nematodes per plate. Evaluations started after 24 hours of interaction, considering predation percentage and mycelia growth as stimuli of nematodes presence. Results showed growing predation performance to both isolates, being higher for V. chlamydosporium var. chlamydosporium since from first evaluation time, controlling more than 50% of nematode population initially added. Its predation potential was 39.2%, 38.4% and 48.35% higher than H. thompsonii at first, second and third evaluation day, respectively. Generally, nematodes did not stimulate mycelia growth, unless for H. thompsonii at 72 hours of interaction compared to control plates (without nematodes). Stress resulting from isolates transference from PDA to water-agar 2% resulted in sparse mycelia growth and it could have affected the predation performance of H. thompsonii that controlled nematodes in low levels throughout experiment. Independently of predation level, pictures revealed that both isolates has ability to control P. redivivus through hyphae penetration.

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Larriba, Eduardo, José Martín-Nieto, and Luis Vicente Lopez-Llorca. "Gene cloning, molecular modeling, and phylogenetics of serine protease P32 and serine carboxypeptidase SCP1 from nematophagous fungiPochonia rubescensandPochonia chlamydosporia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58, no. 7 (July 2012): 815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w2012-054.

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The fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia and Pochonia rubescens are parasites of nematode eggs and thus are biocontrol agents of nematodes. Proteolytic enzymes such as the S8 proteases VCP1 and P32, secreted during the pathogenesis of nematode eggs, are major virulence factors in these fungi. Recently, expression of these enzymes and of SCP1, a new putative S10 carboxypeptidase, was detected during endophytic colonization of barley roots by these fungi. In our study, we cloned the genomic and mRNA sequences encoding P32 from P. rubescens and SCP1 from P. chlamydosporia. P32 showed a high homology with the serine proteases Pr1A from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and VCP1 from P. chlamydosporia (86% and 76% identity, respectively). However, the catalytic pocket of P32 showed differences in the amino acids of the substrate-recognition sites compared with the catalytic pockets of Pr1A and VCP1 proteases. Phylogenetic analysis of P32 suggests a common ancestor with protease Pr1A. SCP1 displays the characteristic features of a member of the S10 family of serine proteases. Phylogenetic comparisons show that SCP1 and other carboxypeptidases from filamentous fungi have an origin different from that of yeast vacuolar serine carboxypeptidases. Understanding protease genes from nematophagous fungi is crucial for enhancing the biocontrol potential of these organisms.

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Vieira, Ítalo Stoupa, Isabela de Castro Oliveira, Samuel Galvão Freitas, Artur Kanadani Campos, and Jackson Victor de Araújo. "Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of nematodiosis in extensive bovine production system." Parasitology 147, no. 6 (February 3, 2020): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000098.

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AbstractCattle production in extensive systems favours the occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes, and the use of nematophagous fungi complements the control strategies for these nematodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the fungi Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in grazing cattle. Twenty-four calves were randomly divided into four groups and allocated to independent paddocks from February 2018 to January 2019. In the first group, the animals received pellets containing P. chlamydosporia. In the second group, the animals received pellets containing A. cladodes. In the third group, the animals received pellets containing a combination of the fungi A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia. In the control group, the animals received pellets without fungus. The combined use of A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia showed greater efficacy in the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes than the same fungi used separately. The parasite load was lower and weight gain was greater (P ⩽ 0.05) in the groups of cattle treated with nematophagous fungi. Therefore, the use of A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia is promising in the biological control of nematodiosis in cattle.

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Braga, Fabio Ribeiro, Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares, Tiago Senna, Thiago de Hollanda Aype, Leandro Abreu da Fonseca, Tracy Lacerda, Anderson Rocha Aguiar, Luis Felipe Mayorga, and Jackson Victor de Araújo. "Effect of the Fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on Contracaecum pelagicum Eggs." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 3 (March 10, 2016): 836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.503.097.

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Esteves, Ivânia, Belkis Peteira, Simon D. Atkins, Naresh Magan, and Brian Kerry. "Production of extracellular enzymes by different isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia." Mycological Research 113, no. 8 (August 2009): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2009.04.005.

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Viggiano, José R., Leandro G. de Freitas, and Everaldo A. Lopes. "Use of Pochonia chlamydosporia to control Meloidogyne javanica in cucumber." Biological Control 69 (February 2014): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.11.004.

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Ferreira, Sebastião Rodrigo, Jackson Victor de Araújo, Fábio Ribeiro Braga, Juliana Milani Araujo, Luiza Neme Frassy, and Aloízio Soares Ferreira. "Biological control of Ascaris suum eggs by Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus." Veterinary Research Communications 35, no. 8 (July 28, 2011): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11259-011-9494-6.

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Uddin, Muhammad Nazir, Saifullah Saifullah, Musharaf Ahmad, Wajid Khan, and Bilal Muhammad Khan. "Evaluation of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) Isolates for Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita, Root-Knot Nematode of Tomato." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n5p70.

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Restricted applications of chemical nematicides has directed to the development of ecofriendly alternatives. Culture filtrates in different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of the six isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia were evaluated for their nematicidal activity. Significant variations were observed in the inhibitory activity of culture filtrates against egg hatching and second stage juveniles of M. incognita at different concentrations. The culture extract of PC-6 showed maximum inhibition of egg hatching followed by PC-1. On the other hand PC1 isolate caused high mortality of second stage juveniles followed by PC-6. Significant variation among the isolates was observed for parasitism of M. incognita juveniles and eggs. Among the tested isolates, PC-1 and PC-6 were selected for the further studies based on in vitro egg inhibition and larval mortality. Both PC1 and PC6 applied at the rate of 6 × 103 chlamydospores per gram of soil per plant reduced the population of nematode and improved the growth and productivity of plant under screen house and field conditions. Different growth parameters like plant height, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh root weight and dry root weight were measured. Efficacy of isolates was different in winter and summer crop. No significant difference among the treatments was observed in summer crop. However in winter crop, considerable effect of both isolates was observed. Fungal application was effective at the rate of 6 × 103 chlamydospores per gram of soil per plant in both winter and summer crops. Root coating with chlamydospores suspension significantly reduced number of galls on roots. Little effect of both isolates was observed with mycelial root coating. No lesions were seen on P. chlamydosporia inoculated roots of tomato plants.

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Vieira dos Santos, M. Clara, Ivânia Esteves, Brian Kerry, and Isabel Abrantes. "Biology, growth parameters and enzymatic activity of Pochonia chlamydosporia isolated from potato cyst and root-knot nematodes." Nematology 15, no. 4 (2013): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002695.

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Pochonia chlamydosporia, a widespread fungal parasite of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera spp., and root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., has been studied as a biological control agent. Three Portuguese isolates (Pc1, Pc2, Pc3) obtained from PCN eggs and two non-native isolates (Vc10, Pc280) were characterised using ERIC-PCR and screened by in vitro assays for their ability to produce chlamydospores, parasitise eggs of Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne chitwoodi and colonise the rhizosphere of barley. The effects of temperature on growth, sporulation, parasitism and enzymatic activity were also evaluated. Isolates Pc1 and Pc3, despite their different geographical origins, had identical molecular profiles. Pc2 produced the higher numbers of chlamydospores in solid medium (1.15 × 107 chlamydospores g−1), whereas Pc3 produced the least (3 × 105 chlamydospores g−1). These isolates extensively colonised the rhizosphere of barley (>90% root fragments) and the proportion of parasitised eggs, detected on agar plates, was low (<60% for RKN and <55% for PCN), Pc1 being the best parasite against both nematode species. The influence of temperature was similar for all isolates: no growth was observed at 10, 33 and 35°C. Spores/hyphal fragments remained viable for nearly 1 month at 10 and 33°C and isolates resumed growth after incubation at 25°C, although chlamydospores and conidia production, viability and nematode egg parasitism were affected. Exposure to 35°C was lethal for isolates Pc1, Pc2 and Pc280. When grown in liquid media all isolates produced esterases, but protease activity was only observed in Pc2 and Vc10. The highest enzymatic activity was detected in isolate Pc2 in low nutrient media. Enzymatic activity decreased in the presence of nematode eggs for both Pc2 and Vc10. Molecular, biochemical and biological analyses, including biotic and abiotic factors, are important in the screening of potential biological control agents, particularly in the case of P. chlamydosporia, due to the high variability among isolates.

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BONTEMPO, AMANDA FERREIRA, EVERALDO ANTÔNIO LOPES, RAFAEL HENRIQUE FERNANDES, LEANDRO GRASSI DE FREITAS, and ROSANGELA DALLEMOLE-GIARETTA. "DOSE-RESPONSE EFFECT OF Pochonia chlamydosporia AGAINST Meloidogyne incognita ON CARROT UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 1 (March 2017): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n129rc.

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ABSTRACT The application of a bionematicide based on chlamydospores of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-10) can be an important strategy for reducing the damage caused by Meloidogyne incognita on carrot. Based on this perspective, the nematicidal effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg ha -1 of Pc-10 were evaluated on carrot cv. Juliana under field conditions. Carrot yield and nematode population were influenced by increasing doses of Pc-10. The application of 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 increased the marketable production of carrot roots by 41.7% compared to the untreated control, whereas the production of unmarketable roots and the nematode population in the soil were reduced by 48.7% and 61.4%. The application of 3.0 kg ha -1 of Pc-10 reduces M. incognita population and improves carrot quality and yield.

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Shen, Baoming, Jiling Xiao, Liangying Dai, Yonghong Huang, Zhenchuan Mao, Runmao Lin, Yurong Yao, and Bingyan Xie. "Development of a high-efficiency gene knockout system for Pochonia chlamydosporia." Microbiological Research 170 (January 2015): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2014.10.001.

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Atkins, Simon D., Tim H. Mauchline, Brian R. Kerry, and Penny R. Hirsch. "Development of a transformation system for the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia." Mycological Research 108, no. 6 (June 2004): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756204009906.

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Ciancio, A., A. Loffredo, F. Paradies, C. Turturo, and M. Finetti Sialer. "Detection of Meloidogyne incognita and Pochonia chlamydosporia by fluorogenic molecular probes." EPPO Bulletin 35, no. 1 (April 2005): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2005.00794.x.

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Qin, Feifei, Yan Li, Runmao Lin, Xi Zhang, Zhenchuan Mao, Jian Ling, Yuhong Yang, et al. "Antibacterial Radicicol Analogues from Pochonia chlamydosporia and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67, no. 26 (June 6, 2019): 7266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01977.

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Silva, André R., Jackson V. Araújo, Fábio R. Braga, Camila D. F. Alves, and José D. R. Filho. "Destruction of Anoplocephala perfoliata Eggs by the Nematophagous Fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 30, no. 12 (December 2010): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2010.11.004.

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Lelis, Rosane Teixeira, Fabio Ribeiro Braga, Lorendane Millena de Carvalho, Alessandra Teixeira de Paula, Juliana Milani Araujo, Mariana Costa Fausto, Arnaldo Maldonado Junior, et al. "Effect of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)." Acta Tropica 139 (November 2014): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.07.006.

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Nasu, E. G. C., T. S. A. Monteiro, D. X. Amora, P. S. Alves, G. S. Podestá, F. C. Ferreira, and L. G. Freitas. "Pesticides on the viability of Pochonia chlamydosporia for controlling Meloidogyne incognita." Australasian Plant Pathology 48, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13313-019-00633-3.

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Braga, F. R., J. V. Araújo, J. M. Araujo, L. N. Frassy, A. O. Tavela, F. E. F. Soares, R. O. Carvalho, L. M. Queiroz, and J. H. Queiroz. "Pochonia chlamydosporia fungal activity in a solid medium and its crude extract against eggs of Ascaridia galli." Journal of Helminthology 86, no. 3 (August 15, 2011): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x11000484.

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AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) of VC1 and VC4 isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia in a solid medium and the action of a crude extract of P. chlamydosporia against eggs of Ascaridia galli. To evaluate ovicidal activity in culture medium, 1000 A. galli eggs were plated on Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates (VC1 or VC4) and without fungus (control group) and were examined at 1, 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (assay A). Then, to test the action of crude extracts of P. chlamydosporia (VC1 or VC4), 500 eggs of A. galli were plated on Petri dishes of 4.5 cm diameter with 5 ml of fungal filtrate from each tested isolate. The control group consisted of 500 eggs of A. galli with 10 ml of distilled water on each Petri dish (assay B). Fungal isolates were effective (P < 0.01) at destroying these eggs, showing a type 3 effect at the studied intervals. On the other hand, the crude extract of isolates (VC1 or VC4) reduced the number of A. galli eggs in the treated group compared with the control group by 64.1% and 56.5%, respectively. The results of the present study show that P. chlamydosporia is effective at destroying eggs of A. galli and could therefore be used in the biological control of nematodes.

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Mafessoni, Alex Barbosa, Bismark Lopes Bahia, Ivan Vilas Bôas Souza, Roberlan Ferreira Da Silva, Tiyoko Nair Hojo Rebouças, and John Silva Porto. "Fungos antagonistas e suas combinações contra Meloidogyne spp. em solo de cultivo de tomate sem a presença de hospedeiro." Acta Biológica Catarinense 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v6i3.542.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito antagonista isolado e combinado de Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma harzianum e Pochonia chlamydosporia, em diferentes doses e épocas de extração, sobre Meloidogyne spp. em solo de cultivo de tomate sem a presença de hospedeiro. Conduziu-se o experimento na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, campus Vitória da Conquista. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 8 x 3 x 3, totalizando 72 tratamentos, com três repetições. Avaliou-se o número de juvenis vivos de segundo estádio de Meloidogyne spp. no solo. Todos os tratamentos com antagonistas diferiram estatisticamente da testemunha, com redução significativa do número de juvenis de segundo estádio vivos (20 a 60%, aproximadamente). O aumento das doses reduziu linearmente o número de juvenis vivos. O maior período decorrido, desde a implantação até a extração, também reduziu linearmente o número de juvenis vivos. Nas condições estudadas, o fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia proporciona maior controle de juvenis de Meloidogyne spp. em solo de cultivo de tomate sem a presença de hospedeiro. O aumento das doses dos antagonistas e o tempo de contato/reinoculação aumentam o controle de juvenis de Meloidogyne spp. em solo de cultivo de tomate sem a presença de hospedeiro.

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Tolba, Shimaa R. T., Laura C. Rosso, Isabella Pentimone, Mariantonietta Colagiero, Mahmoud M. A. Moustafa, Ibrahim I. S. Elshawaf, Giovanni Bubici, Maria Isabella Prigigallo, and Aurelio Ciancio. "Root Endophytism by Pochonia chlamydosporia Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040718.

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A study was carried out on the effect of the root endophytic fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on plant systemic signal of defense related genes during fungal or nematode parasitism. Different biotic stress factors were examined, inoculating roots of dicot and monocot hosts with the endophyte, and measuring the expression of defense genes in leaves. A first greenhouse assay was carried out on expression of PAL, PIN II, PR1 and LOX D in leaves of tomato cv Tondino inoculated with Phytophthora infestans (CBS 120920), inoculating or not the roots of infected plants with P. chlamydosporia DSM 26985. In a second assay, plants of banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine) were artificially infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical race 4 (TR4) and inoculated or not with DSM 26985. In a further experiment, banana plants were inoculated or not with P. chlamydosporia plus juveniles of the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. A similar assay was also carried out in vitro with adults and juveniles of the lesion nematode Pratylenchus goodeyi. Differential expression of the defense genes examined was observed for all plant-stress associations, indicative of early, upward systemic signals induced by the endophyte. Changes in expression profiles included a 5-fold down-regulation of PIN II at 2 dai in leaves of tomato plants treated with P. infestans and/or P. chlamydosporia, and the up-regulation of PAL by the endophyte alone, at 2 and 7 dai. In the TR4 assay, PR1 was significantly up-regulated at 7 dai in banana leaves, but only in the P. chlamydosporia treated plants. At 10 dai, PIN II expression was significantly higher in leaves of plants inoculated only with TR4. The banana-RKN assay showed a PR1 expression significantly higher than controls at 4 and 7 dai in plants inoculated with P. chlamydosporia alone, and a down-regulation at 4 dai in leaves of plants also inoculated with RKN, with a PR1 differential up-regulation at 10 dai. Pratylenchus goodeyi down-regulated PIN at 21 dai, with or without the endophyte, as well as PAL but only in presence of P. chlamydosporia. When inoculated alone, the endophyte up-regulated PR1 and LOX. The gene expression patterns observed in leaves suggest specific and time-dependent relationships linking host plants and P. chlamydosporia in presence of biotic stress factors, functional to a systemic, although complex, activation of defense genes.

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Vieira, Ítalo Stoupa, Isabela de Castro Oliveira, Artur Kanadani Campos, and Jackson Victor de Araújo. "Association and predatory capacity of fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia and Arthrobotrys cladodes in the biological control of parasitic helminths of bovines." Parasitology 146, no. 10 (June 21, 2019): 1347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201900060x.

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AbstractNematophagous fungi are used in the biological control of the parasitic helminths of animals and plants. The association of ovicidal and predator nematophagous fungi may present a complementary and increased action on the biological control of helminths. Joint growth compatibility and predation tests were carried out on infective larvae of nematode parasites of bovines with the nematophagous fungus ovicide Pochonia chlamydosporia and the nematophagous fungus predator Arthrobotrys cladodes. The tests of antagonism in direct confrontation, antibiosis and the effect of volatile metabolites between the isolates of P. chlamydosporia and A. cladodes indicated the viability of joint growth of these fungi. The association of the fungi P. chlamydosporia and A. cladodes presented a higher predatory capacity of infective larvae of the parasitic nematodes of bovines when compared to the predation of the fungi used alone. Therefore, under laboratory conditions, the fungi studied presented growth compatibility and the association of these increased the nematicidal activity against parasitic helminths of cattle.

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Carvalho, R. O., J. V. Araújo, F. R. Braga, J. M. Araujo, and C. D. F. Alves. "Ovicidal activity of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Paecilomyces lilacinus on Toxocara canis eggs." Veterinary Parasitology 169, no. 1-2 (April 2010): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.037.

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Araujo, Juliana M., Jackson V. Araújo, Fabio R. Braga, Dayane M. Araújo, Sebastião R. Ferreira, Filippe E. F. Soares, and Laércio dos A. Benjamin. "Survival of Pochonia chlamydosporia in the gastrointestinal tract of experimentally treated dogs." Research in Veterinary Science 93, no. 2 (October 2012): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.10.019.

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Braga, Fabio R., Sebastião R. Ferreira, Jackson V. Araújo, Juliana M. Araujo, André R. Silva, Rogério O. Carvalho, Artur K. Campos, and Leandro G. Freitas. "Predatory activity of Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on Toxocara (syn. Neoascaris) vitulorum eggs." Tropical Animal Health and Production 42, no. 2 (August 22, 2009): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-009-9422-8.

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Ferreira, Sebastião R., Jackson V. Araújo, Fabio R. Braga, Juliana M. Araujo, Rogério O. Carvalho, André R. Silva, Luiza N. Frassy, and Leandro G. Freitas. "Ovicidal activity of seven Pochonia chlamydosporia fungal isolates on Ascaris suum eggs." Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, no. 3 (November 19, 2010): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9744-6.

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Pentimone, Isabella, Ricardo Lebrón, Michael Hackenberg, Laura C. Rosso, Mariantonietta Colagiero, Franco Nigro, and Aurelio Ciancio. "Identification of tomato miRNAs responsive to root colonization by endophytic Pochonia chlamydosporia." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102, no. 2 (November 5, 2017): 907–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8608-7.

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Dallemole-Giaretta, Rosangela, Leandro G. Freitas, Everaldo A. Lopes, Olinto L. Pereira, Ronaldo J. F. Zooca, and Silamar Ferraz. "Screening of Pochonia chlamydosporia Brazilian isolates as biocontrol agents of Meloidogyne javanica." Crop Protection 42 (December 2012): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.06.002.

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ZINGER, FERNANDO DOMINGO, LILIAN KATIANY CASTELLO RABELLO ZINGER, WILLIAN BUCKER MOARES, GUILHERME DE RESENDE CAMARA, and FABIO RAMOS ALVES. "QUANTIFICATION OF DAMAGE AND YIELD LOSSES AND MANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN CONILON COFFEE." Revista Caatinga 34, no. 2 (June 2021): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n205rc.

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ABSTRACT Commercial exploitation of the coffee crop is one of the most important activities in the world’s agricultural sector. One of the main phytosanitary problems affecting the crop is the presence of Meloidogyne incognita. Several measures have been tested for the management of this pathogen, albeit with low efficiency. The objective of this work was to quantify the damage and losses and to manage M. incognita race 1 with Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma harzianum biological nematicides, comparing them to a chemical nematicide. The experiment was carried out in a commercial area naturally infested by the nematode and cultivated with the conilon coffee variety ‘Vitória INCAPER 8142’, clone V02. The treatments were tested with Carbofuran nematicide and with biological nematicides composed of P. chlamydosporia Pc-10 and T. harzianum ESALQ 1306. The biological products were applied alone or in combination. The lowest NPF (final nematode population) occurred in plants treated with P. chlamydosporia and Carbofuran. P. chlamydosporia was the most effective biological agent in the management of M. incognita. There was a reduction in production with an increase in the nematode population. The highest application costs of management methods for M. incognita race 1 per hectare were for three and two applications of Carbofuran and three applications of P. chlamydosporia + T. harzianum. The treatments with lowest application costs were one application of T. harzianum and one application of P. chlamydosporia. It was concluded that all treatments were efficient for the management of M. incognita race 1, causing a decrease in the roots and soil population.

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Zhuang, Xia, Jian-Long Zhao, Miao Bai, Xing-Xing Ping, Yan-Lin Li, Yu-Hong Yang, Zhen-Chuan Mao, Guo-Shun Yang, and Bing-Yan Xie. "Pochonia chlamydosporia Isolate PC-170-Induced Expression of Marker Genes for Defense Pathways in Tomatoes Challenged by Different Pathogens." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091882.

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Pochonia chlamydosporia is a fungal parasite of nematode eggs. Studies have shown that some strains of Pochonia chlamydosporia can promote plant growth and induce plants’ systemic resistance to root-knot nematodes by colonizing in their roots. This study aimed to verify the effect of the PC-170 strain on tomato growth and systemic resistance. Split-root experiments were conducted to observe the systemic resistance induced by PC-170. To explore the defense pathway that was excited due to the colonization by PC-170, we tested the expression of marker genes for defense pathways, and used mutant lines to verify the role of plant defense pathways. Our results showed that PC-170 can colonize roots, and promotes growth. We found a role for jasmonic acid (JA) in modulating tomato colonization by PC-170. PC-170 can activate tomato defense responses to reduce susceptibility to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and induced resistance to some pathogens in tomatoes. The marker genes of the defense pathway were significantly induced after PC-170 colonization. However, salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses in roots were variable with the invasion of different pathogens. Defense pathways play different roles at different points in time. SA- and JA-dependent defense pathways were shown to cross-communicate. Different phytohormones have been involved in tomato plants’ responses against different pathogens. Our study confirmed that adaptive JA signaling is necessary to regulate PC-170 colonization and induce systemic resistance in tomatoes.

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Viggiano, José R., Leandro G. Freitas, and Everaldo A. Lopes. "Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (Goddard) Zare & W. Gams for the management of lettuce infected with Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885)." Chilean journal of agricultural research 75, no. 2 (June 2015): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392015000200016.

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Shinonaga, Hideki, Yoji Kawamura, Akiko Ikeda, Mari Aoki, Noriyoshi Sakai, Natsuko Fujimoto, and Akira Kawashima. "The search for a hair-growth stimulant: new radicicol analogues as WNT-5A expression inhibitors from Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia." Tetrahedron Letters 50, no. 1 (January 2009): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.099.

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Mauchline, Tim H., Brian R. Kerry, and Penny R. Hirsch. "The biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia shows nematode host preference at the infraspecific level." Mycological Research 108, no. 2 (February 2004): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095375620300889x.

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Escudero, Nuria, Sebastião R. Ferreira, Federico Lopez-Moya, Miguel A. Naranjo-Ortiz, Ana I. Marin-Ortiz, Christopher R. Thornton, and Luis V. Lopez-Llorca. "Chitosan enhances parasitism of Meloidogyne javanica eggs by the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia." Fungal Biology 120, no. 4 (April 2016): 572–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.12.005.

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