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Journal articles on the topic 'POD-SPWM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Nik, Fasdi Nik Ismail, Abdul Rahim Nasrudin, Rohani Sheikh Raihan Siti, and Al-Turki Yusuf. "A Comparative Study of Phase Offset Disposition Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (POD-SPWM) and Symmetrical Pulse Width Modulation Switching Techiques for Generalized Current Source Multilevel Inverter(MCSI)." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 2 (2018): 395–402. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i2.pp395-402.

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This paper presents a comparison between two switching techniques namely Phase Offset Disposition Sinusoidal PWM (POD-SPWM) and Symmetrical PWM switching for a generalized current source multilevel inverter (MCSI) topology. One of the advantages of MCSI is it can reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the output load current with a sinusoidal current waveform. In this paper, the generalized MCSI with the different levels has been developed with Matlab@simulation software in order to study the performance of the two switching schemes for the operation of the MCSI. From the simulation results, POD-SPWM switching technique can give better THD results compare to symmetrical switching technique

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Nik Ismail, Nik Fasdi, Nasrudin Abdul Rahim, Siti Rohani Sheikh Raihan, and Yusuf Al-Turki. "A Comparative Study of Phase Offset Disposition Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (POD-SPWM) and Symmetrical Pulse Width Modulation Switching Techiques for Generalized Current Source Multilevel Inverter(MCSI)." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 2 (2018): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i2.pp395-402.

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This paper presents a comparison between two switching techniques namely Phase Offset Disposition Sinusoidal PWM (POD-SPWM) and Symmetrical PWM switching for a generalized current source multilevel inverter (MCSI) topology. One of the advantages of MCSI is it can reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the output load current with a sinusoidal current waveform. In this paper, the generalized MCSI with the different levels has been developed with Matlab@simulation software in order to study the performance of the two switching schemes for the operation of the MCSI. From the simulation results, POD-SPWM switching technique can give better THD results compare to symmetrical switching technique.

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Youssef, Babkrani, Mourad Gourmaj, Naddami Ahmed, Choukri Karim, and Hayani Mounir Sanaa. "Implementation of a modified carrier-based PWM technique for a cascaded MLI using DSP microcontroller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14, no. 3 (2023): 1523~1533. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1523-1533.

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A multi-level converter is a power electronic device desired to generate a desired AC voltage level using several introduced DC voltages, the output voltage of the converter is characterized by a low harmonic content (THD) compared to conventional inverters. The adopted innovative design permits the independent control of PV modules, enabling, in this way, to operate independently and won’t be very affected by intermittence. Additionally in this paper, a new control strategy based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is analyzed for cascaded H-Bridge inverter. In this new technique, separate modified carriers are used for each H-Bridge (HB). Multiple-carrier SPWM is used with the new control SPWM technique. Those carriers are being implemented with diverse sinusoidal dispositions phase disposition (PD), phase opposition and disposition (POD), alternative opposition and disposition (APOD), and with altered frequencies. Experimental results are obtained while using different operating conditions.

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Babkrani, Youssef, Gourmaj Mourad, Ahmed Naddami, Karim Choukri, and Sanaa Hayani Mounir. "Implementation of a modified carrier-based PWM technique for a cascaded MLI using DSP microcontroller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 3 (2023): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1523-1533.

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A multi-level converter is a power electronic device desired to generate a desired AC voltage level using several introduced DC voltages, the output voltage of the converter is characterized by a low harmonic content (THD) compared to conventional inverters. The adopted innovative design permits the independent control of PV modules, enabling, in this way, to operate independently and won’t be very affected by intermittence. Additionally in this paper, a new control strategy based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is analyzed for cascaded H-Bridge inverter. In this new technique, separate modified carriers are used for each H-Bridge (HB). Multiple-carrier SPWM is used with the new control SPWM technique. Those carriers are being implemented with diverse sinusoidal dispositions phase disposition (PD), phase opposition and disposition (POD), alternative opposition and disposition (APOD), and with altered frequencies. Experimental results are obtained while using different operating conditions.

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M.V., Subramanyam. "Sinusoidal Pulse Wiedh Modulation Techniques." Advancement and Research in Instrumentation Engineering 2, no. 3 (2020): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609031.

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The five level inverter is most widely used inverter in medium and high voltage applications as it has many advantages compared higher level inverters. Modulation is the technique or process in which the characteristics of the carrier wave or signal such as amplitude, frequency and phase are changed in accordance with the instantaneous value of the original or message signal. . Modulation techniques are of two types they are continuous wave modulation and pulse modulation. When the carrier wave is a continuous in nature, the modulation is known as continuous wave modulation or analog modulation. At the point when the carrier wave is a pulse type waveform, the modulation process is known as pulse modulation. There are different Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation techniques such as In Phase Disposition(IPD), Anti Phase Disposition(APD), Phase Opposition Disposition(POD), Phase shift(PS), Anti-Phase Shift(APS), Variable Frequency(VF), Anti-Variable Frequency(AVF) and Carrier Overlap(CO).The THD of different Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation techniques are found as carrier frequency is varied and compared.

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Chadli, Hajar, Sara Chadli, Mohamed Boutouba, Mohammed Saber, and Abdelwahed Tahani. "Hardware implementation and performance evaluation of microcontroller-based 7-level inverter using POD-SPWM technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp120-131.

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Renewable energy sources are considered as inexhaustible sources for the very long-term, as they come from natural processes that are constantly replenished. However, there are a number of challenges facing renewable energy technology adoption, like the grid connecting problems. One of the main challenges relates to the grid connecting problem is the power quality issues for power converter, such as harmonics, voltage stability, and frequency fluctuation. Hence, the inverter remains the first element to be built because of its undeniable advantages in alternative continuous conversion. However, it has some disadvantages such as high component count and complex control method. This paper presents the design and implementation of a new 7-level inverter architecture with only six switches. This architecture requires fewer components compared to other 7-level inverter topologies therefore, the overall cost, control technique complexity, and conduction losses are highly reduced. A digital phase opposition disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM) strategy using the Arduino is adopted to improve the performance of the proposed multilevel inverter (MLI) which leads to further reduction in total harmonic sistortion (THD). In this paper, the proposed inverter is tested using Proteus software and Matlab Simulink. Finally, a laboratory setup of the proposed inverter was built to validate its workability by the experimental results.

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Chadli, Hajar, Sara Chadli, Mohamed Boutouba, Mohammed Saber, and Abdelwahed Tahani. "Hardware implementation and performance evaluation of microcontroller-based 7-level inverter using POD-SPWM technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (2021): 120–31. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp120-131.

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Pham, Khoa Dang, Quan Vinh Nguyen, and Nho-Van Nguyen. "PWM Strategy to Alleviate Common-Mode Voltage with Minimized Output Harmonic Distortion for Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Converters." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154476.

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High-frequency components of common-mode voltage (CMV) induce the shaft voltage and bearing current, which lead to premature failures in motors. In addition, due to non-zero average CMV, the low-frequency components of CMV, particularly the third-order harmonic component, have been reported to cause difficulties in common-mode filter design. Furthermore, the utilization of distant voltage vectors in the pulse-width modulation (PWM) with reduced CMV magnitudes gives rise to high output harmonic distortion compared to PWM ones without CMV reduction. In an attempt to solve the aforementioned issues, this article presents a PWM strategy that features reduced CMV magnitudes, zero average CMV, and improved output harmonic distortion for a five-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter. In addition, the carrier rotation technique based on the phase-leg redundancy of the CHB topology is also combined with the proposed scheme to achieve equal power loss distribution among power switching devices. Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed strategy produces better output harmonic distortion than that of POD-SPWM and APOD-SPWM under the condition of reduced CMV magnitudes, zero average CMV, and equal power loss distribution.

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Arun, Vijayakumar, Thunga Nageswara Prasad, Sundaramoorthy Prabhu, and Nagarajan Ashokkumar. "Nine level switched capacitor inverter with level shifted pulse width modulation approach." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 13, no. 1 (2023): 130–37. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i1.pp130-137.

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This article proposes a nine-level switched capacitor inverter (NLSCI) with a minimum number of switches. In recent years, switching capacitor (SC) multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become one of the most common inverter topologies. These proposed nine level switched capacitor inverter (NLSCI) do not deserve any external control unit for capacitor control. Since, the charging and discharging of the capacitors are controlled by the on and off states of switches. Furthermore, by employing fewer switches and DC voltage sources, the suggested design produces a greater amount of resultant voltage. Additionally, pulse width modulation (PWM) is recommended as a method to enhance output quality and power level quality. The switched-capacitor two-output multilevel inverter (SCMLI) structure's viability and effectiveness have been demonstrated using MATLAB simulation.

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Ismail, Mohd Alif, and Noor Fazliana Fadzail. "Mathematical Formulation of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter Switching Instants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.216.

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Modular structured multilevel inverter is very useful for electrical application especially in high power and high voltage applications. The main function of this multilevel inverter is to produce multilevel AC output voltage from several separate DC sources. This project is to derive a new mathematical formulation of multilevel voltage source inverter switching instants. The proposed method for this project is based on the sinusoidal natural sampling PWM (SPWM) by comparing several modified modulation signal with a triangular carrier signal. This resulting intersection points between this modulation and carrier signal become the switching instants of the PWM pulses. Derivation also based on Phase opposition disposition (POD). A cascaded multilevel inverter is selected as a topology for this project due to major advantages compare with other topology. The derived formula is analyzed by using MATLAB simulation software. It is found that the results that use the derived formula are almost identical to simulation result.

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Ch., Lokeshwar Reddy, and Janardhan G. "Enhancing the Performance of Multilevel Inverters using Modified SVPWM Techniques." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 3632–40. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.B4402.029320.

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In this paper, two types seven-level multilevel inverters in three phase configuration, Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CMLI) and Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI) are simulated and compared the results for three different carrier PWM techniques. Here, Carrier based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Third Harmonic Injected Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) and Modified Carrier-Based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) are used as modulation strategies. These modulation strategies include Phase Disposition technique (PD), Phase Opposition Disposition technique (POD), and Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition technique (APOD). In all the modulation strategies, triangular carrier and trapezoidal triangular carrier signals are compared with reference signal for generation of control pulses. The simulations have been carried out for seven-level CMLI and DCMLI using MATLAB/Simulink. The detailed analysis of results in terms of %THD and utilization of DC-link voltage has been presented in this paper. By increasing the performance of inverters the utilization of input energy is reduced, then the corresponding energy sources can be reduced.

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Khalif, Haider Ali, Jameel Kadhim Abed, and Ali Jafer Mahdi. "A comparative Analysis of Multi-Level Inverters Supplied by Photovoltaic Panels based on THD and Filter Size by using POD-SPWM Technique." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1105, no. 1 (2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1105/1/012011.

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Kumar, P. Satish, and N. Susheela. "Evaluation of POD and APOD multicarrier SPWM techniques for three-phase seven-level diode clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive using FPGA." International Journal of Power Electronics 12, no. 3 (2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpelec.2020.10030452.

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Susheela, N., and P. Satish Kumar. "Evaluation of POD and APOD multicarrier SPWM techniques for three-phase seven-level diode clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive using FPGA." International Journal of Power Electronics 12, no. 3 (2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpelec.2020.110063.

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Nagarajappa, Champa Patanegere, and Abhay Anandarao Deshpande. "Multilevel inverter: harmonic analysis with and without filters for RL load using SPWM techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 34, no. 2 (2024): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i2.pp756-767.

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Multilevel inverter (MLI) gains more attraction compared to conventional inverter as it generates a staircase output voltage that mimics sine waves of desired output voltage. Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) topology is taken into consideration owing to several benefits over conventional inverters. Various levels of CHB (3 and 5 level) inverters are compared on diverse parameters. In this paper level shift sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique is considered resulting in reduced lower order harmonic (LOH) distortion and improve the quality of output current and voltage depending on the load. Since, the LOH are too dangerous for power electronic circuits. An attempt to shift all the LOH above 50th order depending on the modulation technique with analogy for selecting an appropriate switching frequency is highlighted. The effect of change in switching frequency and modulation index (MI) on RMS output voltage, % voltage total harmonic distortion (VTHD), output power factor with different modulation techniques such as phase disposition pulse width modulation (PsD PWM), phase opposite disposition (POD PWM), alternative phase opposition disposition (APOD PWM) is portrayed in the paper. Further, to boost the performance a unique filter circuits with optimal design values of Inductance and capacitance driven with IEEE 519-2022 standards. The effectiveness in terms of with and without filter is verified and validated using MATLAB.

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Nagarajappa, Champa Patanegere, and Abhay Anandarao Deshpande. "Multilevel inverter: harmonic analysis with and without filters for RL load using SPWM techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 34, no. 2 (2024): 756–67. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i2.pp756-767.

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El Daoudi, Soukaina, Loubna Lazrak, Najib El Ouanjli, and Mustapha Ait Lafkih. "Improved DTC-SPWM strategy of induction motor by using five-level POD-PWM inverter and MRASSF estimator." International Journal of Dynamics and Control, July 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40435-020-00667-2.

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"Performance Research of Seven Level Multi-Level Inverter with Reduced Switches using Various PWM Techniques." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 2S8 (2019): 1149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b1028.0882s819.

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A inverter is basically a device that usually converts DC to AC voltage without causing any power loss, applicable to only low to medium voltage applications. But in case of medium to high power applications, it has demerits like high switching losses, reduced cost and low efficiency. To overcome these demerits a Multilevel inverter applicable to high voltage and high-power applications which have low total harmonic distortion (THD) is introduced. This paper is mainly focused on seven-level inverter with five switches and four dc sources. with low total harmonic distortion, less switching loss without adding any complexity to the circuit. The switching topology is integrated with various SPWM techniques like Phase Disposition (PD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD) and Anti Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD). For better performance of the inverter above three PWM techniques will be compared and analyzed to find the low THD configuration. The simulation of switching topology is done by MATLAB/Simulink.

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"Enhancing the Performance of Multilevel Inverters using Modified SVPWM Techniques." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 3 (2020): 3632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b4402.029320.

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