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Iñiguez, Ortiz Eduardo, and Cambiaso Raúl Feijoó. "The hidden power of illicit proof: a psychological approach." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123870.
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In the present article, the authors evaluate the psychological effects of the “illicit test”. To do this, they start delimiting their concept, and then analyze if it has any influence on the judge when resolving a case. Based on psychological considerations, in particular, the so-called “motivated reasoning” theory and the “motivated justice hypothesis”, they evaluate by an empirical study if the judges take this test into account when deciding, despite being legally bound to Not do it. In addition, they propose some mechanisms that could be used, both by litigants and by legal systems, to mitigate the effects of illicit veidence.En el presente artículo, los autores evalúan los efectos psicológicos de la “prueba ilícita”. Para ello, parten de delimitar su concepto, para luego analizar si esta tiene alguna influencia en el juez al momento de resolver un caso. Partiendo de consideraciones psicológicas, en concreto, la llamada teoría del “razonamiento motivado” y la “hipótesis de la justicia motivada”, evalúan mediante un estudio empírico si los jueces toman en cuenta dicha prueba al momento de decidir, pese a estar obligados legalmente a no hacerlo. Adicionalmente, proponen algunos mecanismos que podrían ser empleados, tanto por los litigantes como por los sistemas jurídicos, para mitigar los efectos de la prueba ilícita.
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Kelley, Christopher Patrick. "The power of identity in important leadership decisions." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1656.
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Why might someone avoid information that could be useful for making an important decision? Useful information can indicate that some options are better than others for achieving an important goal or averting disaster. A theory is developed here which proposes that decisions feel more important because the consequences of the decisions are more threatening the self-concept. Useful information threatens to reduce a decision maker's decision options, thus constraining their opportunities to act quickly, reduce uncertainty and make the decision in a way that is self-verifying. This occurs while a decision maker is strongly motivated to reduce the uncertainty and the threat to the self-concept generated by the decision making situation. As a result, people become less likely to access useful information when making more important decisions. This is more likely to occur when the decisions includes a substantial threat to more salient identities and core aspects of the decision maker's self-concept.
First a study is conducted to develop a measure of the relative strength of a respondent's leadership identity. Then, hypotheses derived from the theory are tested in two experiments. The hypotheses predict that participants making more important decisions will (1) experience stronger feelings, (2) value self-verifying options more and feel more certain after making a decision, (3) prefer fewer options in a subsequent decision task after making more, as opposed to less important decisions, (4) make more important decision more quickly, (5) access less useful information when making more important decisions , (6) feel more certain after avoiding useful information that could indicate an identity validating solution is inferior and less certain if accessing that information, (7) report that decisions associated with stronger feelings are more important, and (8) prefer fewer choices to pick from in a subsequent decision when having made a prior decision with less useful information.
The hypotheses are tested in two incrementally differing experimental in which participants make organizational leadership decisions after completing the instrument developed to test the strength of their leadership identity. Contrasting pairs of conditions vary theoretically important elements to make the decisions feel more or less important. Both pairs vary the importance of the decision situation by changing the definition of the situation to increase or decrease the consequences for the participant's leadership identity. The second study similarly varies the decision's importance and adds the opportunity to access various types of useful information prior to making each decision.
Findings indicate that decisions feel more important when the outcome includes a credible threat to the maintenance of a highly salient identity. Participant making more important decisions in experiment A felt more certain they were right after making their decisions. They preferred fewer options in a subsequent decision situation which indicates they felt more powerful. In Experiment B Participants were less likely to access useful information when making more important decisions. Participants who did access useful information prior to making a more important decision preferred more options in a subsequent task. This indicates they felt less powerful after making more important decisions with more information. These findings have implications for research on decision making, identity theory, leadership in organizations, and research on emotions, and the role of perceptual control in the resiliency of social structure.
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Knight, Janine. "Learner agency in online task-based language learning for spoken interaction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664231.
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L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és explorar la relació entre el poder de decisió i d'acció de l'alumne (learner agency), els recursos en pantalla (botons de navegació, instruccions escrites per a tasques) i la creació de significat en tasques de comunicació sincrònica mitjançant ordinador (CSMO) orientades a fomentar la interacció oral. El projecte es basa en l'estudi de casos i s'analitzen tres tasques dissenyades per a l'aprenentatge de llengua (intercanvi d'opinions, joc de rols i buits d'informació) en dos conjunts de dades (dotze casos). Es tracta d'unes tasques fetes en una universitat en línia situada a Barcelona i per a les quals es va fer servir un sistema d'audioconferència per a facilitar la interacció oral. Les dades es van recollir al llarg d'un semestre (2015) i es van analitzar juntament amb dades recollides en un estudi previ (2012). L'estudi presenta tres objectius: en primer lloc, entendre com les decisions dels alumnes i les accions deliberades pròpies dels recursos en pantalla modelen els torns de paraula; en segon lloc, entendre com la creació de significat es pot concebre amb una perspectiva multimodal, més enllà de la perspectiva lingüística; en tercer lloc, l'estudi vol ser una contribució a la teoria sobre l'agentivitat en l'aprenentatge de llengües per a fomentar l'agentivitat en les tasques CSMO d'avui dia i del futur, a fi d'aconseguir avançar d'una manera òptima en l'aprenentatge d'una llengua. S'utilitza una sèrie de fonts de dades i de mètodes. Les fonts inclouen enregistraments d'àudio d'interaccions orals entre estudiants, transcripcions, captures de pantalla, documentació de cursos de llengua i informació addicional sobre eines tecnològiques. Les dades s'analitzen per mitjà d'una anàlisi del discurs i de continguts, i d'una anàlisi del discurs mitjançat un ordinador (Herring, 2004). A més, es crea un enfocament específic que combina les perspectives analítiques èmica (alumne) i ètica (investigador), que se serveixen de l'anàlisi conversacional (Sacks, Schegloff i Jefferson, 1974) i de l'anàlisi (inter)accional multimodal (Norris, 2004). Els resultats indiquen que en les tasques es manifesten alguns tipus d'agentivitat. A més, el fet que la comunicació entre els alumnes tingui lloc per mitjà de recursos en pantalla modifica els torns de paraula tant qualitativament com quantitativament. També s'ha pogut identificar la creació de significat per mitjà de diversos instruments més enllà de la llengua (per exemple, somàtic, de text i imatge). L'agentivitat, doncs, es manifesta mitjançant sistemes humans (motor, sensorial i lingüístic) i recursos que formen part del sistema digital. Per tot això, en les tasques CSMO es pot definir l'agentivitat com el «sistema que conté accions enfocades a un o més objectius i que es desenvolupen mitjançant una o diferents eines, una definició que es basa en la noció sociocultural d'"acció enfocada a un objectiu i desenvolupada mitjançant eines" (Zinchenko, 1985). Finalment, es presenten algunes conseqüències a l'hora de dissenyar tasques i es proposen algunes recomanacions per a futures investigacions en CSMO basades en tasques amb una perspectiva multimodal.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la relación entre el poder de decisión y de acción del alumno (learner agency), los recursos basados en la pantalla (como por ejemplo, botones de navegación, instrucciones de tareas textuales) y la creación de significado en tareas de comunicación sincrónica mediada por ordenador (CSMO), desarrolladas para promover la interacción oral. Utilizando un enfoque de estudio de casos, se analizan tres tareas diseñadas para el aprendizaje de idiomas (intercambio de opinión, juego de roles y falta de información en dos conjuntos de datos (doce casos). Las tareas se llevan a cabo en una universidad en línea en Barcelona mediante una herramienta de audioconferencia para facilitar la interacción oral. Los datos se recopilaron a lo largo de un semestre, en un curso (2015) y se analizaron junto con los datos de un estudio anterior (2012). Los objetivos del estudio eran tres: en primer lugar, comprender cómo las elecciones de los alumnos y las acciones intencionales relacionadas con los recursos basados en la pantalla moldean los turnos conversacionales; en segundo lugar, comprender cómo puede entenderse la creación del significado con una perspectiva multimodal, más allá de lo lingüístico, y, en tercer lugar, contribuir a la teoría de la agentividad en el aprendizaje de idiomas. La finalidad de este último objetivo ha sido ayudar a fomentar la agentividad en las tareas actuales y futuras del CSMO, para poder avanzar de forma óptima en el aprendizaje de idiomas. Se usa una variedad de fuentes de datos y métodos. Las fuentes incluyen grabaciones de audio de interacción oral punto a punto, transcripciones, capturas de pantalla, documentación del curso, e información suplementaria sobre la herramienta tecnológica. Estas fuentes se exploran por medio del análisis de datos, incluido el análisis del contenido y del discurso, así como el análisis del discurso mediado por ordenador (Herring, 2004). Además, se desarrolla un enfoque específico que combina las perspectivas analíticas émica (alumno) y ética (investigador), que se basan en las nociones del análisis conversacional (Sacks, Schegloff y Jefferson, 1974) y el análisis (inter)accional multimodal (Norris, 2004). Los resultados sugieren que los tipos de agentividad se manifiestan en tareas. Además, la mediación de los alumnos con recursos basados en la pantalla moldea los turnos conversacionales tanto cualitativamente, como cuantitativamente. La creación de significado implica múltiples aspectos más allá del habla (por ejemplo, somático, de texto e imagen), lo que implica que puede entenderse que la agentividad se lleva a cabo por medio de sistemas humanos (motor, sensorial y de lenguaje) y de recursos pertenecientes al sistema digital. Por lo tanto, la agentividad en las tareas del CSMO puede describirse como "el sistema con acciones dirigidas a uno o más objetivos desarrolladas mediante una o más herramientas", definición que se basa en la noción sociocultural de "acción dirigida hacia un objetivo y mediada por instrumentos" (Zinchenko, 1985). Se discuten las implicaciones para el diseño de tareas y se describen recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones en CSMO basadas en tareas con una perspectiva multimodal.
The present study aims to explore the relationship between learner agency, screen-based resources (such as navigational buttons and textual task instructions) and meaning making in synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) tasks developed to promote spoken interaction. Using a case-study approach, three tasks designed for language learning (opinion sharing, role play and information gap) across two data sets (12 cases in total) are analysed. Tasks are carried out in an online university in Barcelona, where spoken interaction is made possible through an audioconferencing tool. Data was collected over the course of one semester in 2015 and analysed alongside data from a prior study that took place in 2012. The objectives are threefold: to understand how learners' choices and intentional actions pertaining to screen-based resources shape oral turn-taking; to understand how meaning making can be understood from a multimodal perspective, beyond speech; and to contribute to theories on agency in language learning in order to help foster agency in current and future SCMC tasks for optimal language learning gains. A range of data sources and methods are used. Sources include audio recordings of peer-to-peer oral interaction, transcripts, screenshots, course documentation and supplementary information about the technological tool employed. These sources are explored through data analysis, including content and discourse analysis as well as computer-mediated discourse analysis (Herring, 2004). In addition, a specific approach is developed that combines emic (learner) and etic (researcher) analytical perspectives that draw on notions from conversational analysis (Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson, 1974) and multimodal (inter)actional analysis (Norris, 2004). Results suggest that different types of agency emerge during tasks. In addition, learners' mediation with screen-based resources are found to shape their oral turn-taking, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Meaning making involving multiple modes beyond speech (i.e. somatic, text and image) are identified, leading to the implication that agency can be understood as being carried out through human systems (motor, sensory and language) and resources pertaining to the digital system. Agency in SCMC tasks can therefore be described as 'systems with tool(s)-mediated, goal(s)-directed action(s)' which builds on the sociocultural notion of ¿tool-mediated, goal-directed action' (Zinchenko, 1985). Implications for task design are discussed, and recommendations for future research on task-based SCMC from a multimodal perspective are outlined.
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Castillo, Córdova Luis. "The unconstitutional decisions of the Constitutional Court." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108292.
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Can the decisions of a Constitutional Court or Supreme Court be unconstitutional? The answers found in the doctrine and even on constitutionalcase law are not uniform, becoming this question a controversial theme, although extremely important for Constitutional Law.In this article, the author, considering that the Constitutional Court is the supreme interpreter and controller of the Constitution and, as such, creates Constitutional Law, maintains that the decisions which the Constitutional Court takes can be unconstitutional. Focusing on the Peruvian legal system, the author also presents alternatives to solve the problem these unconstitutional decisions cause.¿Pueden ser inconstitucionales las decisiones de unTribunal Constitucional o de una Corte Suprema?Las respuestas de la doctrina y de la propia juris-prudencia constitucional no son uniformes, convirtiéndose éste en un tema controvertido, pero sumamente importante para el Derecho Constitucional.En el presente artículo, el autor, considerando que el Tribunal Constitucional es el supremo intérprete y controlador de la Constitución, y que, como tal, crea Derecho Constitucional, sostiene que sí es posible que las decisiones que toma éste sean inconstitucionales. Enfocándose en el ordenamiento peruano, el autor también presenta alternativas para resolver la problemática de estas decisiones inconstitucionales.
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Kerttu, Mikael. "Applications of decision diagrams for low power synthesis /." Luleå : Univ, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2004/01.
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Chui, David Kam Hung. "Artificial intelligence techniques for power system decision problems." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387837.
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Atkinson-Hope, Gary. "Decision theory process for making a mitigation decision on harmonic resonance in power systems." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5239.
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Includes bibliographical references.Decision analysis is a scientific tool that is traditionally applied in business and not to electrical engineering decisions. The reason for this research is to show how to use decision analysis to make a decision on the size of a power factor correction capacitor to be installed in an end-user plant in an electrical power system, that has the potential for harmonic resonance. How to make a decision as to whether or not mitigation is needed is also researched. The two-stage decision theory process, developed by management scientists, to assist decision makers on making a decision when uncertainty, risk and certainty situations-exist, is reviewed in this thesis. To understand the application of decision theory, worked examples are included to improve understanding and to provide a foundation for the new work introduced. The addition of capacitors to a harmonic carrying system can result in resonance. Harmonic levels can be magnified well above accepted limits and this can cause damage to system components, especially capacitors. Recognizing and correcting a harmonic resonance problem before disastrous consequences arise is essential for system designers. Traditionally, when considering harmonic resonance, power factor correction capacitors are sized heuristically and a power factor of 0.95 is taken as a starting point. Usually, a harmonic analysis software package is used and a frequency scan study is conducted to generate a resonance curve. Resonant points are then compared to the harmonics in the system. If there is coincidence, the technique of de-tuning is applied to overcome overlapping and to choose the capacitor size. For utilities to maintain system efficiencies at acceptable levels, they encourage end-users to use a capacitor size so that the power factor has a value greater than 0.9 and as a rule of thumb, correction is not done to unity. This traditional technique is subjective and lacks decision structure. A new three-stage decision theory process for making a harmonic resonance mitigation decision in an end-user plant is developed. Two new indices are developed to assist in making the decision. The first index assesses the severity of resonance and the second is used to make a mitigation decision. In Stage 1, a quantitative model is developed to structure and represent the decision problem with the harmonic resonance severity index as the objective function. The model uses a fixed capacitor based on full load rating as this represents the worst case. In Stage 2, Utility Theory is used as the decision criterion to select the most desirable capacitor size. In Stage 3, the mitigation index is applied to assess if mitigation is needed or not for the chosen capacitor. Three case studies, based on deterministic models are conducted and they demonstrate the effectiveness of this newly developed decision theory process.
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Bernardes, Andrea. "Gestão colegiada: um desafio para equipe multiprofissional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-19092008-141912/.
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O presente estudo surgiu do desejo de analisar as transformações ocorridas no cotidiano de trabalho de diferentes profissionais, decorrentes da implantação de um modelo de gestão inovador em um hospital público do município de Volta Redonda - RJ. O referencial teórico adotado trata-se da Gestão Colegiada ou Participativa que foi amplamente estudada por Luiz Carlos de Oliveira Cecílio e Gastão W. S. Campos, além de outros.Tem como objetivos compreender a estrutura organizacional da instituição, identificar as alterações ocorridas na comunicação, tomada de decisão e poder, identificar e analisar as dificuldades encontradas no processo de mudança do estilo gerencial, bem como compreender como as mudanças interferem no cotidiano da equipe multiprofissional. A pesquisa qualitativa, através da abordagem do Estudo de Caso, proporcionou uma análise ampla e profunda do processo de implantação deste estilo gerencial participativo e descentralizado. As técnicas empregadas para a Coleta de Dados foram a análise documental e entrevista semi-estrututrada. Dentre as várias técnicas propostas para análise dos dados, optamos pela utilização da Análise Temática de Conteúdo descrita por Bardin. Os resultados do estudo revelam facilitação no processo de comunicação dentro das unidades assistenciais. Entretanto, a comunicação interunidades ainda é incipiente. Embora o hospital tenha baixa governabilidade para assuntos relacionados a Recursos Humanos, já que é uma autarquia da Prefeitura Municipal, a tomada de decisão e o poder aumentaram no que se refere às questões internas. Um outro aspecto que vem prejudicar a concretização do modelo de gestão, é que grande parte dos funcionários de nível elementar não está completamente engajada neste processo, especialmente no que tange aos profissionais que atuam no período noturno. Por outro lado, cabe ressaltar que, apesar dessa desarticulação dos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, estes conseguem visualizar que houve relativização do poder e da autonomia para decidir no âmbito da unidade de trabalho. Acreditamos que o enfermeiro é o profissional mais qualificado para assumir cargos gerenciais, no entanto, a hegemonia e o poder médicos ainda se mantêm fortes na instituição. Ressaltamos que a maioria dos profissionais médicos permanece por tempo reduzido na instituição, se dedica pouco às atribuições gerenciais, além de ter dificuldades em flexibilizar as decisões e o poder. Estes fatos impedem a completa integração e interação com os demais elementos da equipe, o que prejudica expressivamente a efetivação do modelo de gestão adotado. Na tentativa de minimizar essas ocorrências, são realizadas reuniões mensais onde são levantados e discutidos problemas inerentes às unidades. Embora não haja a adesão completa dos profissionais e, apesar dos entraves que ofuscam a implantação plena e mais eficaz do modelo de Gestão Colegiada, evidenciamos que há maior adequação e qualidade no atendimento prestado ao usuário, fato que se constitui na principal missão desta organização. Há que se ressaltar que a grande maioria dos profissionais considera que houve uma repercussão positiva sobre a instituição, na medida em que se vislumbra a duplicação da área física, aumento do número de leitos, a incorporação de tecnologias avançadas e uma quantidade muito maior de serviços oferecidos à população, sendo atualmente considerada como referência da rede básica de saúde de Volta Redonda e dos municípios da região.The present study issued of desire about analyze the transformations occurred in the daily working of different professionals, about the implantation of an innovator management model in a public hospital of Volta Redonda city in Rio de Janeiro. The theoretical reference adopted is the Sharing Management that was widely studied by Luiz Carlos de Oliveira Cecílio and Gastão W. S. Campos, among others. The objectives are understand the organization structure of institution, identify the changes occurred in the communication, decision taking and power, identify and analyze the difficulties found in the change process of management style and understand how the changes interfere in the quotidian of professional team. The qualitative research, through Case Study proportioned an ample analysis of implantation process from that participative and decentralized management style. The techniques applied for the data collecting were the documental analysis and semi-structures interview. Among many techniques suggested for data analysis, we chose the utilization of Thematic Analysis of Contents written by Bardin. The results of study reveal facilitation in the communication process inside of assistance units, however, the communication among the units is still incipient. Although the hospital that is an autarchy of City Hall has a poor management for subjects relationed with human resources, refering with the inside questions, the decision taking and power increased. Other aspect that impairs the realization of management model is that many employees aren\'t engaged in this process completely, the employees that work in the nocturnal period principally, but despite disarticulation of nurses technicians and licensed practical nurses, they get to notice that there was an autonomy to decide in the workplace. We believe that the nurse is the most qualified to assume the management post, however, the hegemony and the power of doctors keep very strong in the institution. We emphasize that the major of doctors stays for reduced time in the institution, they don\'t dedicate themselves very much to the management attributions, moreover, they have difficulties to become the decisions and power flexible. These facts impede the complete integration among other people of team and this cause an expressive damage for the accomplishment of management model adopted. Trying diminishing this occurrence, meetings are realized monthly, where problems related to the assistance units are discussed. Although there isn\'t a complete adhesion of professionals and despite the problems that embarrass the effective implantation of sharing management model, we evidence that there are more fitness and quality in the attendance gave on people and this is the principal mission of this organization. There is that emphasize, however, that the major of professionals consider that there has been a positive repercussion about the institution as occur the duplication of work area, increase of beds for patients, the incorporation of advanced technologies and a bigger quantity of services offered for people, it has been considered as reference of health basic system of Volta Redonda city and other cities of region.
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Rodrigues, Célia Maria Lavradorinho Peralta. "Lugares de poder, género e paridade: uma análise sociológica à construção da igualdade substantiva no poder local." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27685.
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A esfera política é, porventura, o domínio da sociedade onde se regista o maior gender gap. Muito embora o cenário político se tenha vindo a alterar paulatinamente nos últimos anos, esta situação persiste particularmente no que diz respeito aos lugares de poder e tomada de decisão. Este trabalho propõe-se caracterizar a ocupação do cargo de Presidente de Junta de Freguesia em Portugal, em perspetiva de género, na atualidade. A metodologia de natureza quantitativa, extensiva, descritiva e ex post fact assente em observação documental e recolha de dados através de um inquérito por questionário on-line, permitiu chegar a uma população dispersa e de grande dimensão: o conjunto de titulares de cargo de Presidente de Junta de Freguesia em território nacional, em janeiro de 2018.
Este trabalho possibilitou concluir que regulação jurídica, substancial para ocupação de cargos políticos em circunstâncias iguais, continua ainda a contribuir para a discriminação. Os usos do tempo e a desigual partilha de responsabilidades concorrem para a assimetria de género na participação política e formação do capital político, componente fundamental para a ocupação de lugares de poder e tomada de decisão. A estrutura de género está ainda bastante enraizada na sociedade portuguesa, em particular no poder político, e a introdução de medidas de ação positivas, como as quotas, por si só, não produzem os efeitos almejados, como seria expectável, à efetividade da igualdade substantiva; Abstract:
The political sphere is perhaps the domain of society with the largest gender gap. Although the political scene has been changing gradually in recent years, this situation persists particularly with regard to places of power and decision making. This paper intends to characterize the current occupation of the position of Junta de Freguesia in Portugal. The quantitative, extensive, descriptive and ex post fact methodology, based on documentary observation and data collection, through an online questionnaire survey allowed us to reach a large and dispersed population: the set of office holders of Junta de Freguesia in the national territory, in January 2018. This work made it possible to conclude that legal regulation, substantial for the holding of political office in equal circumstances, still contributes to discrimination. The uses of time and unequal sharing of responsibilities contribute to gender asymmetry in political participation and the formation of political capital, a fundamental component for the occupation of power and decision-making. The gender structure is still quite rooted in Portuguese society, particularly in political power, and the introduction of positive measures such as quotas alone does not produce the desired effects, as expected, on the effectiveness of substantive equality.
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Morris, Mervyn J., and n/a. "Power and the decision making process : an exploratory case study." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061020.120903.
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El, Zein Musadag. "Off-grid Wind Power Systems: Planning and Decision Making." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396057.
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There are definitely many reasons for choosing off-grid wind power systems. Few key ones involve the positive enhancement of societies, economies and natural environments. From a project developers’ perspective these systems provide a large potential market, which can cover a wide range of applications with relatively reasonable costs. In spite of this, many challenges may interfere with the diffusion and the success of such systems. In the report we discuss the various factors affecting the implementation of off-grid wind power systems and demonstrate some of the challenges project developers may be facing during the planning stage. Some of these include the acceptance of stakeholders (local inhabitants in particular) and the securing of the financing of the projects. Another noted challenge lying outside the control of project developers was found to be the absence of encouraging policies and incentives. As a conclusion the thesis provides a set of self-interpreted recommendations along with a flow chart. The concluded summary indicates some key factors that project developers should be aware of and careful when dealing with, these which include: The choice of the site, verification of projects’ economics along with the securing of a convenient finance. The recommendations also point out the great advantage in having local developers as these tend to be more capable in building relations with the local citizens and politicians.
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Parsa, Maryam. "Optimum Decision Policy for Gradual Replacement of Conventional Power Sources by Clean Power Sources." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24015.
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With the increase of world population and industrial growth of developing countries, demand for energy, in particular electric power, has gone up at an unprecedented rate over the last decades. To meet the demand, electric power generation by use of fossil fuel has increased enormously thereby producing increased quantity of greenhouse gases. This contributes more and more to atmospheric pollution, which climate scientists believe can adversly affect the global climate, as well as health and the welfare of the world population. In view of these issues, there is global awareness to look for alternate sources of energy such as natural gas, hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal and biomass. It is recognized that this requires replacement of existing infrastructure with new systems, which cannot be achieved overnight.
Optimal control theory has been widely used in diverse areas of physical sciences, medicine, engineering and economics. The main motivation of this thesis is to use this theory to find the optimum strategy for integration of all currently available renewable energy sources with the existing electric power generating systems. The ultimate goal is to eliminate fossil fuels. Eight main energy sources namely, Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas, Conventional Hydro, Wind, Solar, Geothermal and Biomass are considered in a dynamic model. The state of the dynamic model represents the level of energy generation from each of the sources.
Different objective functions are proposed in this thesis. These range from meeting the desired target level of power generation from each of the available sources at the end of a given plan period, to reducing the implementation and investment costs; from minimizing the production from polluted energy sources to meeting the electricity demand during a whole plan period. Official released data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration have been used as a case study. Based on real life data and the mathematics of optimal control theory, we present an optimal policy for integration of renewable energy sources to the national power grid.
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Osareh, Ali Reza. "A decision making tool for evaluating uncertainties in electric power system planning." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164950/.
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Hopley, Ingrid Elizabeth. "Decision support for emergency handling in energy management systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308997.
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Kim, Kwang-Jin. "The logic of decisions in militarized disputes the effect of regime, power, arms contorol [sic], and airpower on decision-making in militarized disputes /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4831.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 14, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Abidin, Haji Izham Haji Zainal. "The application of fuzzy decision tree for voltage collapse analysis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20372.
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In the time of rapid growth, there is an increase of demand for a reliable and stable power supply. Due to this, utility companies are forced to operate their power system nearer to its maximum capabilities since system expansion may be a costly option. As a result, the power system will be at risk to voltage collapse. Voltage collapse phenomenon is known to be complex and localised in nature but with a widespread effect. The ultimate effect of voltage collapse would be total system collapse which would incur high losses to utility companies. This thesis discusses the voltage collapse phenomenon, its causes, effects and its analytical tools. Looking into its analytical tools, it is observed that it relies upon system equations and models. Published results from these techniques are accurate but may require long computation time for a big and complex system. As a possible solution, this thesis looks into combining machine learning techniques with fuzzy logic in creating a fuzzy decision tree (FDT) tool for voltage collapse analysis. The algorithm utilises static power flow solution as data sets in partitioning the power system into strong and weak areas. From several test results and algorithm development, this research concludes with a possible voltage collapse analytical tool using a hybrid FDT approach based upon multiple attribute partitioning. This thesis concludes with discussions on test results highlighting the FDT performance and ends with a discussion on possible future development on the FDT in creating a more complete tool for voltage collapse analysis.
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Shove, E. A. "Contexts of decision-making in families : the question of power." Thesis, University of York, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9830/.
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Burns, Charlotte Jennie. "More power, not less? : the European Parliament and co-decision." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251311.
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Li, Yuan. "Decision making under uncertainty in power system using Benders decomposition." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Watkin, L. "Environmental conflict and decision-making : the case of hydroelectric power." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348832/.
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As management of the environment becomes more complex and the number of potentially conflicting issues to be balanced expands, there will be increasing and more intense debates about the course(s) of action(s) to be taken. Navigation of conflict determines trade-offs established and decisions taken, and will become progressively important, as the need to unify incompatible uses grows. Both definition and management of environmental conflict is ambiguous, lacking in understanding and mechanisms to effectively handle disputes. Interdisciplinary consideration of conflict highlights its potential to yield functional and dysfunctional aspects, recognising dispute is not inherently negative. Framing environmental debates as conflict situations may yield substantial management benefits. Using case studies (UK), this research identifies the impact of stakeholder conflict on achieving sustainable decision-making, and, seeks to develop conceptual tools to aid exploration of disputes, using the issue of hydropower development. Growing environment awareness has simultaneously emphasised the benefits of hydroelectric power and its environmental costs. In a changing policy climate, where renewable energy generation potential and environmental protection are needed, conflict between stakeholders is considerable. To meet practitioner’s needs, an understanding of conflict is needed. Findings highlight the existence and nature of stakeholder conflict. Environmental conflict is epitomized by: parameters of the problem, characteristics of the stakeholders and dispute process. Conflict is recognised as a platform for expression which may yield functional or dysfunctional consequences for decision-making. The impact of the individual is significant; variables such as perceptions, behaviours and personalities, alongside facets of the problem, characterise disputes. Assessment of conflict at a range of spatial and temporal scales, established capacity for escalation, stagnation and the development of impasses, each with differential impacts on decision-making. A conceptual framework illustrating the impact of conflict on decision-making, and role in the facilitation of change is generated. Conflict is recognised as a critical management point for facilitating sustainable decisions. From a management perspective, it is important to manage conflict at this critical point to achieve the best decision. This research outlines an alternative approach to the conceptualisation and management of environmental conflict, and highlights the significant impact of the individuals involved. The identification, application and further development of methodologies have yielded a number of conceptual tools for conflict management. Recognising the important role of conflict as a mechanism for change may be crucial for the future of environmental management.
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Robertson, Graeme. "REMANUFACTURING IN WIND POWER: A MULTI CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS APPROACH." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418585.
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Due to the rapid growth of the wind energy market over the last decade, the future of the industry will consequently see the dismantling of many wind turbines, both due to wind turbines reaching the end of their service life and to make way for surpassing technology, leaving behind a large amount of material that must be dealt with. Furthermore, due to the advancing technology of wind turbines, there has been a decline in the number of medium sized wind turbines being manufactured. This study aims to address the problem of future waste mitigation, whilst attempting to capture the medium scale market. As such, the study has looked at the idea of transitioning towards a circular economy, in which wind turbines are not considered as waste at the end of their service life, but rather an opportunity to recapture value through remanufacturing. This was approached by identifying the driver and barriers of remanufactured products, utilising knowledge from other industries with developed remanufacturing sectors. A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) has been performed using the PROMETHEE II method with the objective of drawing a comparison of three scenarios, enveloped by a theoretical wind turbine selection project. The scenarios were created by the author and considered the implementation of a new wind turbine and remanufactured wind turbines. Upon examining the results of the multi criteria decision analysis, it was seen that the benefits of implementing remanufactured turbines were preferred by the majority of the stakeholders involved.
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Bergey, Paul K. "A Decision Support System for the Electrical Power Districting Problem." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27347.
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Due to a variety of political, economic, and technological factors, many national electricity industries around the globe are transforming from non-competitive monopolies with centralized systems to decentralized operations with competitive business units. This process, commonly referred to as deregulation (or liberalization) is driven by the belief that a monopolistic industry fails to achieve economic efficiency for consumers over the long run. Deregulation has occurred in a number of industries such as: aviation, natural gas, transportation, and telecommunications. The most recent movement involving the deregulation of the electricity marketplace is expected to yield consumer benefit as well.
To facilitate deregulation of the electricity marketplace, competitive business units must be established to manage various functions and services independently. In addition, these business units must be given physical property rights for certain parts of the transmission and distribution network in order to provide reliable service and make effective business decisions. However, partitioning a physical power grid into economically viable districts involves many considerations. We refer to this complex problem as the electrical power districting problem.
This research is intended to identify the necessary and fundamental characteristics to appropriately model and solve an electrical power districting problem. Specifically, the objectives of this research are five-fold. First, to identify the issues relevant to electrical power districting problems. Second, to investigate the similarities and differences of electrical power districting problems with other districting problems published in the research literature. Third, to develop and recommend an appropriate solution methodology for electrical power districting problems. Fourth, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution method for a specific case of electric power districting in the Republic of Ghana, with data provided by the World Bank. Finally, to develop a decision support system for the decision makers at the World Bank for solving Ghana's electrical power districting problem.
Ph. D.
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Schröter, Andreas. "Distribution of decision power in matrix organizations : a qualitative survey." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2014. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2454/.
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Matrix organizations were successfully pioneered in the U.S. aerospace industry in the 1960s, which motivated many multinational corporations (MNCs) to implement matrices as a response to a more complex business environment. A vast number of research studies were conducted primarily seeking a single relationship between the strategy and the structure of the MNCs. The approach was mainly quantitative and consisted of studying large samples of MNCs that operated in different industries and countries. Since the late 1980s researchers have lost interest in matrix organizations of MNCs despite the fact that today most MNCs use a matrix organization. This thesis proposes to breach gaps of the present literature and addresses the questions of ‘how’ and ‘why’ German technology MNCs distribute the decision power between headquarters and local subsidiaries. The present study follows a qualitative approach. 31 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with experienced managers in order to gain deep understanding of the challenges faced and to reveal recommendations and conclusions with regard to the ideal fit between strategy and structure. As conclusion the thesis suggests the following six answers to the research questions. First this thesis shows that contemporary MNCs employ various kinds of matrix organizations simultaneously in different parts of the organization because matrices offer a flexible and effective way of concurrently balancing various competing interests. Management and staff are better prepared to mitigate the ambiguity and stress caused by matrix organizations. Both conditions were viewed as primary weaknesses of matrix organizations since its appearance in the 1960s. Second there is no permanent and universally applicable point of decision power distribution, but rather a constantly changing continuum. Decision power depends on many factors such as maturity of the product, capabilities of the local subsidiary, the national historic heritage of the MNC and the general market environment. There is always a matrix and all matrix dimensions are important because of legal, tax and national regulations or because of customers’ requests. Third this study reveals that the distribution of power is primarily applied to decisions regarding financial investments, human resources and customer strategy. These elements represent the three most important stakeholders of MNCs namely shareholders, employees and customers. The fourth assertion of this thesis suggests that MNCs implement the strategy‐structure fit primarily in the matrix dimensions products, regions and customers. This is because these matrix dimensions can be run and measured with an own Profit & Loss (P&L) statement and therefore treated as quasi-independent companies within the MNCs.
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Mullen, Clayton R. "Factors Influencing Canadian Power Engineers' Decision to Pursue Advanced Certification." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10602638.
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The intent of the current study was to address the gap in knowledge regarding factors influencing Canadian power engineers’ decision to pursue advanced certification in British Columbia and Alberta. The purpose of the study was to explore potential relationships between advancement intention and these decision factors. The dependent variable was the intent to advance. The six independent variables are comprised of the following: (a) time commitment, (b) educational support, (c) locus of control (LOC), (d) time elapsed since previous certification, (e) responsibility, and (f) peer appraisal. The research methodology was a quantitative correlational design, followed with linear and logistic regression. An original survey was developed for the study and pilot tested for validity and reliability. Revealed in the results of the study were positive and significant relationships between the dependent variable (DV) of advancement intention and three of the six independent variables (IVs) tested through correlational analysis. The relationships were time commitment, responsibility, and elapsed time. The three remaining independent variables that did not exhibit significant relationships with the DV were educational support, locus of control, and peer appraisal. Comprehension of the influential factors regarding the intention of Canadian power engineers’ to pursue advanced certification may assist industry and academia with insight into the barriers and enablers to higher certification, and the correlation of decision factors with advancement intention.
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Antonietto, André Luís Gomes. "Contornos político-jurídicos do poder decisório dos conselhos populares: análise após 30 anos da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/107/107131/tde-04022019-093606/.
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Nesta dissertação, propusemos uma investigação dos contornos político-jurídicos do poder decisório dos conselhos populares, através de questões identificadas por meio da atividade de assessoria jurídica universitária popular a grupos e movimentos populares que participam desses órgãos. A primeira questão que analisamos diz respeito às garantias que a Constituição Federal de 1988 prevê para a existência e a participação da sociedade na gestão das políticas públicas por meio de conselhos populares. Identificamos que os conselhos populares foram pautados em inúmeras propostas que tramitaram na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e que todas elas foram rejeitadas ou tiveram seu conteúdo bastante alterado no sentido de torná-las mais abstratas. Apesar da não aprovação das propostas, o contexto de mobilização popular da Constituinte contribuiu para a construção de um ideário participativo que viria a influenciar o processo de criação de conselhos populares por meio da regulamentação dos direitos sociais previstos na Constituição. Esse processo foi marcado pela reivindicação de conselhos com poder decisório, o que se expressou por meio da exigência de que esses tivessem caráter deliberativo. Entretanto, após três décadas da Constituinte, os conselhos deliberativos parecem não responder ao anseio pela participação popular nas decisões estatais. A partir dessa questão, propusemos um modelo analítico que considera as matizes do poder decisório atribuído aos conselhos para classificar suas atribuições, com base em alguns conceitos do Direito Administrativo. Por meio da análise realizada, buscamos demonstrar que a previsão de caráter deliberativo não é, por si só, suficiente para garantir poder de decisão aos conselhos, que deve ser expresso por meio da previsão de competências que especifiquem o alcance desse poder. Identificamos que há uma grande variedade de tipos de decisões que podem ser tomadas pelos conselhos e que as leis e normas que regulamentam esses órgãos estabelecem muitas competências imperfeitas, ou seja, aquelas que definem uma finalidade sem prever, contudo, os poderes instrumentais que permitam sua execução. Identificamos ainda uma tendência de que essas competências sejam estabelecidas por decreto, e não por lei, o que tende a prejudicar a autonomia dos conselhos.In this dissertation, we proposed an investigation of the political and juridical contours of the decision power of the popular councils, through issues identified by means of the activity of popular legal advice at the university to groups and popular movements that participate these councils. The first question that we analyzed concerns the guarantees that the Federal Constitution of 1988 provides for the existence and participation of society in the management of public policies through popular councils. We identified that the popular councils were based on innumerable proposals that were processed in the Constituent National Assembly and that all of them were rejected or had their content heavily altered in the sense of making them more abstract. Despite the non-approval of the proposals, the context of popular mobilization of the Constituent Assembly contributed to the construction of a participatory ideology that would influence the process of creating the popular councils, through the regulation of social rights provided in the Constitution. This process was marked by the demand for councils with decision- making power, which was expressed through the requirement that these have a deliberative character. However, after three decades of the Constituent Assembly, the deliberative councils don\'t seem to respond to the wishes for popular participation in state decisions. From this point of view, we propose an analytical model that considers the nuances of the decision-making power attributed to the councils to classify their attributions, based on some concepts of Administrative Law. Through the analysis, we demonstrate that the prediction of deliberative feature isn\'t enough by itself to guarantee decision-making power to the councils, what should be expressed through the forecast of competencies that specify the scope of this power. We identified that there is a big variety of types of decisions that can be taken by councils and that the laws and norms that regulate these bodies establish many imperfect competencies, that is, those that define a purpose without, however, foreseeing the instrumental powers that allow its execution. We also identified a tendency for these competences are established by decree, not by law, which tends to undermine the autonomy of councils.
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Morais, Pauleany Sim?es de. "Os conselhos como mecanismos de democratiza??o da pol?tica educacional :participa??o e poder de decis?o nas a??es do Conselho de Controle Social do FUNDEF no munic?pio de Parnamirim/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14605.
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-19This study board the FUNDEF social control council implementation in Parnamirim/RN city, concerning their representatives participation in the accompaniment (decision power) in resort, in front of governmental politics of decentralization, unleashed in 90?s, seen in decentralization process needs the society participation in decisions of educative institutions and represent an efficient way of solve the problems difficult the educational management actions. For this, the council creation of Brazil manager configure, since the 80?s, detaching, and the single characterizing, in actual context. The objective is raise pertinent questions of thematic of representatives members participation of collegiate organs, evidencing the decision power of these, in public resource control. The theory-methodological referential the literature treat the participation and power decision of FUNDEF social control decision, such as politics directrix that rules this council. It utilizes as proceeding of collecting data the semi-structured interview and analyze of meeting register to understand the empirics of council implantation in this city, in view of that the electoral process configured in 2003, showed as a innovation, because the counselor is indicated by the local public power representatives (in this case the education municipal secretary). The research result show the representatives have difficult, to accompany the FUNDEF resources amount, particularly in concern in the financial resources (ratio) over plus. Finally, emphasize the importance of democratization in the relations between the state and civil society, elucidating and exciting reflections a: democratic participation in control of public recourses for education, educational management and civil society mobilization in access of public and cultural cash which the citizen has rights
Este estudo aborda a implementa??o do Conselho de Controle Social do FUNDEF no Munic?pio de Parnamirim/RN, no que concerne ? participa??o dos seus representantes no acompanhamento (poder de decis?o) dos recursos, diante da pol?tica governamental de descentraliza??o, desencadeada na d?cada de 1990, visto que o processo de descentraliza??o requer a participa??o da sociedade nas decis?es no interior das institui??es educativas e representa o modo mais eficiente de encaminhar os problemas que dificultam as a??es da gest?o educacional. Para isso, configurou-se a cria??o dos Conselhos gestores no Brasil, a partir da d?cada de 1980, destacando-se, as suas caracter?sticas peculiares, contextualizadas. Tem o intuito de suscitar quest?es pertinentes ? tem?tica da participa??o de membros representativos de ?rg?os colegiados, evidenciando o poder de decis?o desses, no controle dos recursos p?blicos. Tomou como referencial te?rico-metodol?gico a literatura que trata da participa??o e poder de decis?o do Conselho de Controle Social do FUNDEF, bem como as diretrizes pol?ticas que regulamentam o referido Conselho. Utiliza como procedimento de coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada e an?lise das Atas de reuni?es para compreender os aspectos emp?ricos da implanta??o do Conselho no citado Munic?pio, tendo em vista que o processo eleitoral configurado no ano de 2003, apresenta-se como uma inova??o, pois os conselheiros s?o indicados pelos representantes do Poder P?blico local (no caso a Secret?ria Municipal de Educa??o). Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que os representantes sentem dificuldades, em acompanhar o montante de recursos do FUNDEF, particularmente no que concerne ?s sobras financeiras de recursos (rateio). Por fim, enfatiza a import?ncia da democratiza??o das rela??es entre o Estado e a sociedade civil, elucidando e suscitando reflex?es como: participa??o democr?tica no controle dos recursos p?blicos para educa??o, gest?o educacional e mobiliza??o da sociedade civil no acesso aos bens p?blicos e culturais aos quais o cidad?o tem direito
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Pinion, Michael G. "Capital budgeting model for a nuclear power plant using multiattribute decision analysis." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020151/.
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Mikkelsen, Joar Hylland. "Decision support from monitoring of hydro power stations : An approach to the vision of monitoring systems giving decision support in operation of hydro power stations." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9910.
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This report is the results of the work on a master thesis concerning intelligent monitoring of hydro power stations. In the report two different types of computer software is investigated to find out whether they are suitable to make out a monitoring system capable of giving the user information about faults and unwanted operating conditions at an early stage. It is also investigated whether the software has proven the capability to detect faults and unwanted operating conditions. The different advantages and disadvantages of the two software products are commented and the two software products are compared. This report shows that the two software products are quite different. The software from Volve is software meant to construct an expert system capable of recognising faults from previous cases of faults. The software from SKF is software that gives intelligent machine diagnostics from analysis of vibration measurements in addition to measuring and trending of other variables. It also gives the user tools for analysing the root cause of faults influencing the bearing system of different industry machinery. This means that the software from SKF demands some involvement from the user to produce the best and most precise results. The expert system developed from the Volve software on the other hand is meant to present only results and advice to the user. The results from tests and simulations of the expert system developed by the Volve software are very limited. It is not possible to conclude which of the two software products is better before more tests of the Volve system is performed. In addition to the investigation of these two monitoring software products two different types of sensors are investigated. The sensors that are investigated are smoke sensors and sensors for detection of ultrasonic sound. Both types are commonly used in monitoring of industry processes similar to those in hydro power stations. These two sensors are capable of giving additional information to the monitoring system making it possible to detect faults that it is difficult to detect today. This is because the two sensor types perform measurements that the normal measuring equipment of today is incapable of. This will increase the information flow to the monitoring systems of hydro power stations making it possible to perform better and more precise monitoring.
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Holmström, Per. "Bruksmakt och maktbruk : Robertsfors AB 1897-1968." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67629.
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This thesis studies seven strategic decisions made in the family-owned forestry company Robertsfors AB, in Northern Sweden. During the present century Robertsfors AB has developed from a patriarchally concern controlled into a capitalistic industrial company. This also meant a radical change in the decisionmaking process. Two factors were decisive in this process: the managing director's values, and altered power relationships both within the company and externally in relation to e g state and municipal authorities and labour market organizations. The patriarchal Seth M Kempe, managing director 1897-1927, placed greater value on the company's independence than on profitability, and he personally, after discussions with the production manager, made the strategic decisions to build a sulphite mill in 1902 and not to build a sulphate mill in 1918. He also had no confidence in outside experts. Maximum profits on paid up capital, quick decisions and delegation of responsibility were the marks of the years 1928-1947, when Seth M Kempe's son Erik was managing director. The strategic decision to close down the sawmill in 1935 was made by the company board, while he himself made the decisions early in the 1940's to produce sulphite alcohol and to establish an impregnation works, and finally to close down the sulphite mill in 1948. Responsibility for the community and the company's work force increased in importance during the years 1948-1968, when Erik's brother Ragnar was managing director. Now the board once again had real power. Decision-making was based on negotiation and compromise between management, the board, union organizations and state authorities — which is reflected in the strategic decision of 1967 to rebuild the foundry.digitalisering@umu
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Cohen, Cynthia S. "Leveraging the Power of Shared Governance." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1291.
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Shared governance (SG) creates an evidence-based framework to support decision making in healthcare organizations by encouraging nursing staff ownership of nursing practice issues. This project assessed the current state of shared governance at a community hospital through: (a) deployment of Hess's Index of Professional Nursing Governance (IPNG) and the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) nursing satisfaction surveys which were open to nurses working in areas included in the SG framework at the project site, and (b) retrospective review of Unit Practice Council (UPC) and Nursing Senate (NS) minutes and agendas. Kotter's theory of change and the logic model informed interventions aimed at creating an effective SG. IPNG data were analyzed using Hess' scoring guidelines to establish total governance and subscale scores. Mean IPNG scores of nurse leaders, clinical nurse managers, and staff nurses were compared using a 1-way ANOVA based on job title, education, employment status, and shift. NDNQI results were analyzed based on benchmarked Magnet objectives and comparison to previous year's surveys. Meeting agendas and minutes were analyzed for attendance and initiation of interventions. Outcomes of this project included successful creation of a UPC on a medical telemetry unit; alignment of meeting times to promote attendance; paid access to remote meeting attendance; standardization of meeting minutes and agendas; and unit-specific, outcomes-data dashboards. Implementation of this model to improve the effectiveness of SG can lead to positive social change through improvement in the decision-making process in the nation's healthcare institutions. Inclusion of all members of the healthcare team in the decisions that impact practice helps ensure comprehensive, evidence-based, and patient-centric care.
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Johannesson, Emma. "The Power of Personality in Decision-Making : A Study of Obama's Decision to Launch Air Strikes in Syria." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-273897.
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Barack Obama’s personality is studied to understand how the personality of a leader can contribute to the decision-making process in foreign policy. The study connects literature from foreign policy analysis as well as psychology to contribute with an example of how these two fields of study can be used simultaneously. Barack Obama is examined through the Five-Level Model of personality in order to understand his characteristics and his behavior. Each level of Obama’s personality is analyzed in regard to the decision to use air strikes towards the terrorist organization Daesh in Syria. The findings show that Obama prefer softer and more peaceful tactics, but also that he has a strong determination to fulfill his goals and to use force when America is faced with a direct threat.
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Pan, Jiuping. "MADM Framework for Strategic Resource Planning of Electric Utilities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30138.
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This study presents a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) framework
in support of strategic resource planning of electric utilities. Study efforts have focused
on four technical issues identified to be essentially important to the process of strategic
resource development, i.e., decision data expansion, MADM analysis with imprecise
information, MADM analysis under uncertainty and screening applications. Main
contributions from this study are summarized as follows. First, an automatic learning
method is introduced for decision data expansion aiming at reducing the amount of
computations involved in the creation of decision database. Test results have shown that
the proposed method is feasible, easy to implement, and more accurate than the
techniques available in the existing literature. Second, an interval-based MADM
methodology is developed, which extends the traditional utility function model with the
measure of composite utility variance, accounting for individual errors from inaccurate
attribute measurements and inconsistent priority judgments. This enhanced decision
approach would help the decision-maker (DM) gain insight into how the imprecise data
may affect the choice toward the best solution and how a range of acceptable alternatives
may be identified with certain confidence. Third, an integrated MADM framework is
developed for multi-attribute planning under uncertainty which combines attractive
features of utility function, tradeoff/risk analysis and analytical hierarchy process and
thus provides a structured decision analysis platform accommodating both probabilistic
evaluation approach and risk evaluation approach. Fourth, the application of screening
models is investigated in the context of integrated resource planning of electric utilities as
to identify cost effective demand-side options and robust generation expansion planning
schemes.Ph. D.
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Strathman, Brent A. "Who advises? power, politics, & persuasion in foreign policy decision making /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1135002242.
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West, Graeme Michael. "Computational intelligence methods for power system protection design and decision support." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400311.
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SANTOS, LEONARDO TORRES BISPO DOS. "DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF FAULTS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13876@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCENTRO DE PESQUISA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA
Face à complexidade da matriz energética brasileira e em particular de todo o sistema elétrico de potência interligado, torna-se imprescindível garantir que os equipamentos instalados, desde a geração até os consumidores finais, operem em condições satisfatórias e em elevados níveis de confiabilidade. De acordo com a reestruturação do setor e sua inserção em um mercado competitivo, além da elevada confiabilidade exigida, o novo conceito de disponibilidade dos equipamentos e sistemas impõe mais qualidade e planejamento no mercado de energia elétrica. Neste contexto, as empresas de energia elétrica preocupam-se cada vez mais em manter seus equipamentos em boas condições de operação para que tais metas sejam alcançadas. Entre os equipamentos elétricos de potência, os transformadores sem dúvida correspondem ao ativo de maior importância por serem os mais caros e complexos em termos funcionais. A Análise de Gases Dissolvidos no óleo mineral isolante (AGD) é uma ferramenta de diagnóstico de grande aceitação e potencial na detecção de faltas em equipamentos elétricos com isolação papel-óleo, sobretudo nos transformadores de potência. Com o objetivo de fornecer maiores subsídios aos gestores de manutenção na tomada de decisões quanto à intervenções em transformadores, o trabalho desenvolvido propõe um Sistema de Apoio à Decisão composto por um módulo de Inteligência Computacional (IC) que utiliza regras fuzzy para efetuar o diagnóstico do equipamento em conjunto com outro módulo de apoio à decisão que considera as características do transformador e outros parâmetros de influência, fornecendo, além do diagnóstico, recomendações para a tomada de decisão pelos gestores de manutenção.
Given the complexity of the Brazilian energy matrix and in particular of the whole interconnected electrical power system, it is essential to ensure that the equipment, from generation to final consumers, operates in a satisfactory way and high levels of reliability. In accordance with the restructuring of the sector and its integration in a competitive market, in addition to the high reliability required, the new concept of availability of equipment and systems requires more planning and quality in the market of electrical energy. In this context, electrical power companies are increasingly concerned about maintaining their equipment in good operating conditions so that the above targets are attained. Within electrical equipments, power transformers are undoubtedly the most important asset, since they are the most expensive and complex in functional terms. Dissolved Gases Analysis in insulating mineral oil (DGA), is a widely accepted tool for detecting faults in electrical equipments with paper-oil insulation, particularly in power transformers. With the aim of providing more subsidies to maintenance managers when making decisions on interventions in power transformers, this work proposes a Decision Support System composed of a module of Computational Intelligence (CI) which uses fuzzy rules to diagnose the equipment, together with another decision-support module, which considers the power transformer features and other parameters in order to help managers in the decision making process.
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Granot, Omer. "Power and negotiation between different cultures presenting a decision-making tool." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79525.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-41).
The first step in negotiation is the information gathering and investigation, very often the investigation stage is not done properly, the negotiator has to decide about the goals, which information he can share, need to determine the BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement), learn about the person/team he will be negotiation with. In additional there are also differences in how people from different cultures use information and communicate during the negotiation, ignoring the culture differences can be major mistake. This research evaluate the option of using decision-making negotiation tool for the investigation stage and for negotiation process, the thesis provides design and features set for tool based on research done and feedback from potential users, the paper illustrate the negotiation culture differences between American and Israelis, and how it should be embedded in tool. Survey and interviews concluded to collect feedback from people in different industries, on culture differences between American and Israelis and on how negotiators are interested in tool for negotiation. Finally, results analyzed to determine future actions, consider culture differences and user's need for negotiation tool.
by Omer Granot.
S.M.
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Kristinsdottir, Asbjorg. "Risks and decision making in development of new power plant projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78233.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D. in the field of Construction Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-209).
Power plant development projects are typically capital intensive and subject to a complex network of interconnected risks that impact development's performance. Failure to develop a power plant to meet performance constraints can come at great cost to the developer and other stakeholders involved. In order to develop an investment strategy plan based on their risk appetite, and manage risks effectively, developers must be able to identify and analyze project opportunity risks. This dissertation is motivated by the need to study the nature and impact of risks on a power plant development project, and to demonstrate how proper management of those risks can help mitigate these impacts. The purpose is to feed that information into developer's investment strategy to be able to understand whether or not to participate in particular power plant development projects, and how to participate. First phase of the dissertation is an analysis of power plant investment decisions and development process, followed by identification of risks across all stages of development. Through data mining of performance indicators of around 300 power plant development projects worldwide, clusters of geographical locations, energy technologies, and developer types are highlighted. This helps us understand which projects developers should consider for evaluation given performance trends of geographic locations, and energy technologies. Our research then introduces a novel approach to power plant project risk analysis. We combine a System Dynamics model of the power plant development process with an Analytical Network Process model that enables identification of key relationships among risks and their impact on the development process. The models are used to construct project risk profiles. These three models work together to show how developers can make risk informed decision when selecting amongst power plant project opportunities, how they should best prepare projects to mitigate negative impacts of risks involved, and how they should react to changes in managing development performance over a project's lifetime.
by Ásbjörg Kristinsdóttir.
Ph.D.in the field of Construction Engineering and Management
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Walsh, Alex. "The role of emotions mediating decision-making among successful poker players." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30652.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityThis study was designed to explore the role of emotions mediating the decision-making process in poker. The research questions included: (1) What emotions are reported by poker players? (2) What are the poker-related predictors of the reported emotions? (3) How do the reported emotions influence decision-making? A qualitative approach was chosen for the eight intermediate poker players in the study. Data analyzed according to content analysis derived from semi-structured retrospective interviews and a think aloud protocol offered evidence that emotions impacted the decision-making process of intermediate poker players. Six distinct emotions were found to influence the decision-making process in poker: Pride, excitement, happiness, anxiety, frustration, and anger. Findings confirmed prior research of the role of frustration and anger in influencing suboptimal decision-making. Three main findings deviated from previous research: Positive emotions of pride and excitement were found to impact suboptimal decision-making, the negative emotion of anxiety was found to impact optimal decision-making, and the role of experience facilitated a healthier interpretation of, and reaction to, multiple emotions. The findings in this study provide practical and academic applications for researchers, poker players, and poker consultants. A number of different directions for future research are suggested, including more observation of naturalistic poker play, using real money for naturalistic poker play, and comparing the emotional experience of different stratum of experts and intermediates. Poker players could improve profit margins through using more active, facilitative forms of coping for strong emotional reactions, while poker consultants could help clients in proactively entering emotional zones that facilitate optimal decision-making.
2019-09-01
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Prabhu, Balakrishna Jitendra. "Markov chains and decision processes for congestion avoidance and power control." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4032.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse contient quelques applications des chaînes de Markov et des processus de décision markoviens pour la contrôle de congestion et de puissance. D'abord nous étudions le comportement de la taille de la fenêtre d'une source qui utilise l'algorithme MIMD. Nous montrons que le logarithme de la taille de la fenêtre suit une récurrence stochastique additive, et est une chaîne de Markov. Nous montrons aussi que le débit obtenu par une source est proportionnel à l'inverse de la probabilité de perte d'un paquet. Ensuite, nous analysons le processus de la taille de la fenêtre d'un algorithme de contrôle de congestion en temps continu. Nous pourvoyons des conditions sous lesquelles deux algorithmes ont le même comportement. Puis, nous étudions le processus de rapport de deux sources qui utilisent l'algorithme MIMD et qui partagent la capacité d'un goulot d'étranglement. Pour les sources hétérogènes, nous montrons que l'intensité du processus de perte de paquet doit être supérieure à une constante qui dépend des paramètres des algorithmes pour que l'indice d'équité s'améliore. Ensuite, nous présentons un modèle stochastique pour obtenir la distribution jointe du nombre instantané de paquets et sa moyenne mobile. Ensuite, nous étudions un problème de commande optimale en temps discret. Un appareil mobile veut transmettre des paquets et conserver son énergie en même temps. Nous montrons que la politique optimale est un contrôle à seuil. Enfin, par simulations, nous étudions le délai des flots TCP sur la voie descendante de l'UMTS lorsque deux politiques différentes de commutation de canaux sont utiliséesThis thesis is based on some applications of Markov chains and decision processes for congestion and power control. First, we study the behaviour of the window size of an MIMD congestion control algorithm when subject to different loss processes. We show that the logarithm of the window size follows an additive recursive equation, which can be modelled as a Markov chain. We also show that the throughput is inversely proportional to the packet loss probability. Next, we study a continuous time model for the window size of a general increase and instantaneous decrease congestion control algorithm. We provide conditions under which two congestion control algorithms have related window size behaviour. Next, we model the ratio of the instantaneous rates of two competing MIMD sessions. For heterogeneous sources, we show that the fairness index can be improved by introducing rate-dependent losses at an intensity which is greater than a threshold. We also study the bandwidth sharing between AIMD and MIMD sources under synchronous losses. Next, we model the instantaneous and the average queue sizes of a RED enabled queue as a non-homogeneous Quasi-Birth-Death process. In the limit when the averaging parameter goes to zero, we use singular perturbation find the joint distribution of the average and the instantaneousqueue sizes. A problem related to energy-delay tradeoff in a wireless device is studied next. In each slot, the device has to decide whether to transmit data or to leave the battery idle in order to increase the battery lifetime. Finally, through simulations we study the effect of two threshold based channel switching policies in UMTS
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Strathman, Brent A. "Who advises? Power, politics, & persuasion in foreign policy decision making." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135002242.
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Mattox, Brent Scott. "Power and negotiation in safety program development in a research university." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5979.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 12, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Slavickas, Rimas Anthony. "Trade-off decisions in distribution utility mangement /." *McMaster only, 1998.
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Silva, Paulo Darcy Teixeira da. "Vieses do decisor que podem influenciar sua tomada de decisão." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8744.
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A pesquisa aqui representada teve por objetivo identificar quais vieses podem influenciar os tomadores de decisões estratégicas de organizações brasileiras localizadas no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho realizado apoiou-se em questionário adaptado de Bazerman (2004). A partir de estudos sobre o cognitivo, este autor apresenta as heurísticas e respectivos vieses, objetos desta dissertação. Os tipos de pesquisas utilizados foram a bibliográfica e a de campo. Esta pesquisa de campo foi realizada com presidentes e diretores executivos do ambiente corporativo. Em suas funções, são eles os responsáveis por decisões estratégicas de empresas brasileiras localizadas no Brasil. A pesquisa revelou que os vieses apresentados por Bazerman (2004) foram identificados nos executivos entrevistados.
The objective of this investigation was to identify the biases that can influence strategic decision makers in Brazilian organizations located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The investigation was based on a questionnaire adapted from Bazerman (2004). Based on studies on cognition, this author presents the heuristics and respective biases, which are the object of this dissertation. Chairmen and CEOs who are responsible for the strategic decisions of Brazilian corporations in Brazil were the objects of the field research. The investigation revealed that the biases pointed out by Bazerman (2004) were identified in the executives that were interviewed.
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Stuart, Jillian O'Rourke. "Exploring the impact of power on information consumption decisions." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2150.
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In general, people prefer information that makes them look and feel good. This is information that is consistent with, or supportive of, their desires, beliefs, and behaviors. Much research has been devoted to examining biases in how we selectively seek some information and avoid other information as well as different factors that can mitigate or intensify these tendencies. The present project explored the impact of feeling powerful—a psychological experience shown to influence cognitions and behavior—on decisions about what information people choose to consume in a health context. Specifically, this was investigated in two different domains of health information consumption—selective exposure (Studies 1 & 2) and information avoidance (Studies 3 & 4). The first two studies investigated if feeling powerful affects selection of, or interest in, information known to be consistent or inconsistent with beliefs and behaviors. It was predicted that power would increase interest in belief-consistent (i.e., non-threatening) information. The final two studies examined how power impacts decisions about whether to receive or avoid an uncertain piece of health information that is potentially threatening. Contrary to selective exposure hypotheses, it was predicted that power would increase interest in this uncertain (i.e., threatening) information.
All four studies revealed null largely effects of power, suggesting that feeling powerful may not influence how people chose to consume potentially threatening health information. A discussion of the potential limitations of these studies and the scope of this conclusion are included.
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Blad, Anton. "Early-Decision Decoding of LDPC Codes." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17185.
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Aurélio, Diogo. "Lean management implementation: a decision making framework." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9685.
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Submitted to the graduate faculty Universidade Nova de Lisboa – Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Industrial EngineeringIn this thesis the author proposes a thinking framework for decision makers considering the implementation of Lean Management methodologies in their industrial contex. The framework takes both internal and external context of each case into consderation. A logical order when considering Lean’s implementation is proposed, where strategic considerations should be taken first into consideration, and operational considerations after. Moreover, the framework proposes the power and leverage perspective on transactional exchange as the central factor to determine the strategic success of any implementation. Finally when it comes to operational considerations, a key thinking factor is taken into consideration, which is the potential penetration ability of Lean techniques according to the internal and external context. The framework is applied to a portuguese leading company in the molding industry that has already applied some Lean Management methodologies, which is Logoplaste. Results lead to conclusions that, not only Lean’s suitability varies according to context, but also that the potential penetration ability of Lean techniques decreases as the compliance level to Lean’s core principles increases, and that companies where Lean techniques with low penetration ability are suitable to be used, have a higher propensity to evolve into higher Lean maturity stages.
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Dosman, Donna Mae Perry. "Explorations of marital power in household decisions about shared household goods, are these bargained decisions?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0013/NQ59579.pdf.
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Lingga, Marwan Mossa. "Developing a Hierarchical Decision Model to Evaluate Nuclear Power Plant Alternative Siting Technologies." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2943.
Full textAbstract:
A strong trend of returning to nuclear power is evident in different places in the world. Forty-five countries are planning to add nuclear power to their grids and more than 66 nuclear power plants are under construction.
Nuclear power plants that generate electricity and steam need to improve safety to become more acceptable to governments and the public. One novel practical solution to increase nuclear power plants' safety factor is to build them away from urban areas, such as offshore or underground. To date, Land-Based siting is the dominant option for siting all commercial operational nuclear power plants. However, the literature reveals several options for building nuclear power plants in safer sitings than Land-Based sitings.
The alternatives are several and each has advantages and disadvantages, and it is difficult to distinguish among them and choose the best for a specific project. In this research, we recall the old idea of using the alternatives of offshore and underground sitings for new nuclear power plants and propose a tool to help in choosing the best siting technology.
This research involved the development of a decision model for evaluating several potential nuclear power plant siting technologies, both those that are currently available and future ones. The decision model was developed based on the Hierarchical Decision Modeling (HDM) methodology. The model considers five major dimensions, social, technical, economic, environmental, and political (STEEP), and their related criteria and sub-criteria. The model was designed and developed by the author, and its elements' validation and evaluation were done by a large number of experts in the field of nuclear energy.
The decision model was applied in evaluating five potential siting technologies and ranked the Natural Island as the best in comparison to Land-Based, Floating Plant, Artificial Island, and Semi-Embedded plant.
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Weber, Christoph. "Uncertainty in the electric power industry : methods and models for decision support /." New York : Springer, 2005. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00145851.pdf.
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Leach, Christopher. "Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Wind Power Community Benefit Schemes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-370149.
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Community benefit schemes in the context of wind power are increasingly provisioned by developers as a means of generating local socio-economic and environmental value, fostering social relations and strengthening acceptance. Determining an appropriate and effective benefit scheme can prove challenging, given the variation of exposed stakeholders, diversity in schemes and the lack of decision making guidance. A multi-criteria decision aid framework for identifying the most appropriate scheme(s) for a hypothetical wind power project is developed. The framework is based on AHP and PROMETHEE II decision support tool, where six (6) alternative schemes are assessed using the preferences of five (5) stakeholders and their relevant criteria. The framework was applied to a fictitious development on the island of Gotland. Results from the applied example indicate that the most locally suited outcome was the ownership based models. It is anticipated that the methodological framework can help identify the scheme(s) that respond to the needs and preferences of the locality. Moreover, a decision making platform of this nature can provide practical support to developers, communities and local authorities, and contribute to a more effective and efficient development and negotiation process surrounding community benefit schemes.