Academic literature on the topic 'Poecillidae'

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a competência de peixes na predação de larvas de Aedes aegypti, em condições de laboratório. MÉTODOS: Foram testados machos e fêmeas de cinco espécies de peixe. Os testes de predação duravam cinco semanas para cada espécie. Cada ensaio compreendia quatro caixas testes e quatro caixas controles. Das caixas controle, duas tinham somente um peixe e as outras duas, apenas larvas. Cada caixa teste continha um peixe e larvas. Na primeira semana foram expostas 100 larvas em cada caixa, e a cada semana acrescentavam-se 100 larvas por caixa/dia, até se obter um máximo de 500 larvas/dia. Comprimento e peso dos peixes foram medidos semanalmente. RESULTADOS: Foram utilizadas 369.000 larvas no total. O Trichogaster trichopteros foi a única espécie em que ambos os sexos predaram 100% das larvas oferecidas. O Betta splendens deixou de predar apenas 15 larvas. Machos do Poecilia reticulata apresentaram baixa capacidade larvófaga quando comparados às fêmeas da mesma espécie. Em relação ao peso e tamanho o Betta splendens mostrou-se capaz de predar 523 larvas/grama/dia. CONCLUSÕES: Fêmeas e machos de Trichogaster trichopteros e de Astyanax fasciatus, e fêmeas de Betta splendens e de Poecillia sphenops foram os peixes que apresentaram maior competência para predar as larvas. Embora com competência menor, machos de Poecillia sphenops e fêmeas de Poecilia reticulata foram capazes de eliminar o número de larvas de Aedes aegypti que possam emergir durante 24 horas num criadouro, em condições naturais. Machos de Poecilia reticulata não foram predadores eficazes.

Abstract Considerable previous research has focused on predator-associated semiochemicals and how they affect mosquito oviposition behavior. However, most of this work has been done without taking into consideration either the natural density of the predators or how other semiochemicals in aquatic environments might affect the responses of gravid mosquitoes. The influence of mosquitofish density, source water (tap vs pond), presence of freshly laid egg rafts, and removal of a putative source of semiochemicals (bacteria) on oviposition by Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae) was studied in laboratory bioassays. Culex tarsalis females were deterred from laying egg rafts on water that contained semiochemicals associated with Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard), but this deterrence was not strongly associated with the density of fish used to condition aged tap water. The number of egg rafts laid onto Gambusia-exudate water made with either tap water (density < 1 fish per liter) or pond water was typically ≥ 50% of that onto water that did not house mosquitofish. Gravid mosquitoes tested individually did not reduce oviposition onto Gambusia-exudate water as compared to controls. Likewise, oviposition by females with ablated wings did not differ significantly between Gambusia-exudate water and controls. Oviposition onto filter-sterilized Gambusia-exudate water was reduced relative to unfiltered water, suggesting that semiochemicals deterring egg-laying were still present after bacteria were removed. Taken together, these findings suggest that the responses of gravid Cx. tarsalis to chemicals from habitats containing mosquitofish are complex and the origin of the semiochemicals present in the Gambusia-exudate water needs to be elucidated.

Biological vector control by using larvivorous fish will be beneficial in reducing Aedes aegypti population, hence reducing risk of dengue virus transmission. It is important to select the larvivorous fish according to its digestive organ.Current study aimed to investigate the predation potential among the fish species and to identify the influence of the digestive tract length of the fish related to their predation potential. The research was an analytical observational study with post-test only design. Third stage larvae of Aedes aegypti were used as preys for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), common carper (Cyprinus carpio), and guppy (Poecillia reticulata). In association with their digestive tract length, predation potential of tilapia, common carper, and guppy showed statistical differences (P<0.05). Tilapia demonstrated highest predation of the larvae, followed by common carper and guppy. There are associations between difference in shapes of mouth and intestines, mouth width, intestinal length, and predation potential of these fish species. Current study results showed possible associations between digestive tract length of tilapia, common carper and guppy and predation potential on Aedes aegypti larvae, allowing these fish species to be used inbiological control of Aedes aegypti.

Indonesia has many freshwater fish species but not recorded with completely, one of them from Banten Province especially in Pulosari Mountain areas of Pandeglang Regency. This study aimed to assess fish diversity, abundance, local distribution, potency, species status, bioecology aspects, and habitat condition. The study was conducted in September 2015 using survey methods. The site study was divided in five stations, the fishing gear mainly electrofishing and completed by cast net with diameter 2.5 meter. The operational of fishing gears using CPUE (catch per unit of efforts). Fish sample counted based on number of species and number of individuals for each species, then preserved and identified. Specimens were deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) Cibinong. The results recorded 12 species belonging to 11 families. St.2 (Cilagra river) is the most diverse with 8 species, following St.4 (Cijeruk lower) with 7 species. Barbodes binotatus is the most dominant species (19.2 ind./St.) and also widespread (100%). Two introduce species were found i.e. Poecillia reticulata and Oreochromis niloticus. Based on potency almost balance both consume and ornamental fish. The inland waters in these areas were suitable for fish habitat.

Fish assemblage was studied for a first time in the Southern part of Main Outfall Drain, in the Al-Kaii bridge region, northwest Basrah Iraq in the Al-Kaii bridge region. The study was conducted during the period from May 2016 to April 2017. Many types of fishing nets were used to collect the samples. Water temperature ranged from 14º C in February 2017 to 30º C in July and August 2016, while salinity ranged from 9 PSU in April 2017 to 42 PSU in December 2016. A total of 6161 individuals of fishes were caught represented 21 fish species. Six species were freshwaters fishes; four were alien species and 15 marine species. The species Acanthurus sohal was fished for the first time from the Iraqi inland waters. The most abundant three species were Poecillia latipinna, Planiliza subviridis and Thryssa whiteheadi formed 26.68%, 25.00% and 17.58%, respectively of the total number of samples. Values of the diversity index varied from 1.23 in November to 2.17 in May, evenness index values fluctuated between 0.52 in June to 0.88 in May, whereas richness index ranged from 1.14 in January 2017 to 2.02 in May. The present study concluded that there is a significant monthly fluctuation in salinity and the composition of fish community was changing continuously according to the salinity variation.

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Uma hipótese filogenética baseada em 173 caracteres é proposta para peixes poecilioideos. A análise incluiu caracteres de osteologia e morfologia externa, resultando em uma única árvore mais parcimoniosa com 607 passos, índice de consistência 36 e índice de retenção 72. Foi obtida a seguinte topologia: (Jenynsia multidentata ((Aplocheilichthys spilauchen (Procatopus nototaenia (Lamprichthys tanganicus (Micropanchax lamberti (Micropanchax johnstoni (Congopanchax myersi (Hylopanchax stictopleuron + Fluviphylax simplex))))))) (Tomeurus gracilis (Gambusia nicaraguensis (ALfaro huberi (Priapella compressa (Brachyrhaphys cascajalensis (Heterandria bimaculata + Priapichthys annectens))))) (Neoheterandria tridentiger ((Girardinus serripenis + Xenodexia ctenolepis) (Phallichthys fairweatheri (Xiphophorus helleri (Poecilia heterandria ((Limia pauciradiata (Poecilia vivipara (Poecilia sphenops + Poecilia velifera))) ((Micropoecilia parae + Lebistes reticulatus) (Pamphorichthys hollandi (Poeciliopsis prolifica (Phallotorynus jucundus (Cnesterodon carnegiei (Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Phalloptychus januarius))))))))))))))))). É proposta uma nova classificação, na qual Poeciliidae e Procatopodidae assumem status de família, formando um clado corroborado por 17 caracteres morfológicos apomórficos. Relacionamentos de grupo irmão entre Tomeurus e os poeciliideos remanescentes, suportados em revisões clássicas, ficam aqui confirmados. Poeciliinae é restrito a duas tribos, Gambusiini and Poeciliini, com modificações na composição e na posição filogenética dos membros incluídos.
A phylogenetic hypothesis based on 173 characters of 34 taxa is proposed for poecilioid fishes. The analysis included characters of osteology and external morphology and resulted in a single most parsimonious tree with with 607 steps, consistency index 36 and retention index 72. The following topology was obtained: (Jenynsia multidentata ((Aplocheilichthys spilauchen (Procatopus nototaenia (Lamprichthys tanganicus (Micropanchax lamberti (Micropanchax johnstoni (Congopanchax myersi (Hylopanchax stictopleuron + Fluviphylax simplex))))))) (Tomeurus gracilis (Gambusia nicaraguensis (Alfaro huberi (Priapella compressa (Brachyrhaphys cascajalensis (Heterandria bimaculata + Priapichthys annectens))))) (Neoheterandria tridentiger ((Girardinus serripenis + Xenodexia ctenolepis) (Phallichthys fairweatheri (Xiphophorus helleri (Poecilia heterandria ((Limia pauciradiata (Poecilia vivipara (Poecilia sphenops + Poecilia velifera))) ((Micropoecilia parae + Lebistes reticulatus) (Pamphorichthys hollandi (Poeciliopsis prolifica (Phallotorynus jucundus (Cnesterodon carnegiei (Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Phalloptychus januarius))))))))))))))))). A new classification is proposed, in which Poeciliidae and Procatopodidae assume family status, forming a clade corroborated by 17 apomorphyc morphological characters. Sistergroup relationships between Tomeurus and the remaining poeciliids, as supported in previous classical revisionary studies, is herein confirmed. Poeciliinae is restricted to two tribes, Gambusiini and Poeciliini, with modifications in composition and phylogenetic position of included members.

Orientador: Sérgio Furtado dos Reis
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Os poecilídeos são um excelente sistema modelo para estudos de evolução de história de vida seleção natural e sexual, evolução e coevolução experimental e evolução fenotípica em gradientes ecológicos. Os poecilídeos são também excelentes modelos para o estudo de processos ecológicos e evolutivos associados como a invasão e colonização de novos ambientes. As populações de Poecilia vivípara que ocorrem no sistema lagunar de Campos de Goytacazes no norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro são um exemplo notável de invasão e colonização de novos ambientes. Nesse sistema, a origem das lagoas deve-se a processos geomorfológicos associados com a formação do delta do rio Paraíba do Sul durante o Holoceno. Para este sistema formulamos a hipótese que a história geológica da região influenciou a variação genética atual em Poecilia vivípara. Deste modo, uma população de uma outra bacia hidrográfica seria diferente das populações da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul. Uma população do rio Paraíba do Sul de uma região com formação mais antiga seria diferente das populações de regiões com história mais recente. Dentre as mais recentes as que vivem na área de influência marinha seriam diferentes das que vivem na área fluvial. A hipótese foi testada usando sequências da região de controle da replicação mitocondrial de 8 populações com 30 indivíduos cada. Os resultados mostraram uma grande diversidade genética dentro e entre as populações, estruturação genética entre as populações antigas recentes do rio Paraíba do Sul e que não houve mudanças no tamanho efetivo das populações recentemente. A partir dos resultados a hipótese formulada não foi refutada. Assim, existe relação entre a história geológica da região e a variação genética atual do P. vivípara. Há evidências que o regime de inundação característico da região também age sobre a variação genética destas populações aumentando o fluxo genético entre as mesmas
Abstract: The fishes of Poeciliidae family are an excellent model system for studies of life history evolution of natural and sexual selection, experimental evolution and coevolution in phenotypic evolution and ecological gradients. These are also excellent models for the study of ecological and evolutionary processes associated as the invasion and colonization of new environments. Populations of Poecilia vivipara occurring in the lagoon system of Goytacazes fields in northern Rio de Janeiro state are a notable example of invasion and colonization of new environments. In this system, the origin of the lakes due to geomorphological processes associated with the formation of the delta of the River Paraíba do Sul during the Holocene. For this system we hypothesized that the geological history of the region influenced the genetic variation present in Poecilia vivipara. Thus, a population of another watershed would be different populations of river basin Paraíba do Sul A population of Paraíba do Sul River in a region with older formation would be different regions with populations of more recent history. Among the most recent ones that live in the area of marine influence would be different from those who live in the river. The hypothesis was tested using sequences of the control region of mitochondrial replication of 8 populations with 30 individuals each. The results showed a high genetic diversity within and among populations, genetic structure among populations older times recent Paraíba do Sul river and that there were no changes in effective population size recently. From the results the hypothesis was not refuted. Thus, there is a relationship between the geological history of the region and genetic variation of the current P. vivipara. There is evidence that the flooding regime characteristic of the region also acts on the genetic variation of these populations increasing gene flow between them
Mestrado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular