Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poésie du XVIIIème siècle'
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Tomas, Stéphanie. "Les contes en vers au XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040155.
Full textThis thesis means to study the 18th century verse tale, a rich and diverse work which has never been the subject of an overall analysis. A real fashion phenomenon, just like the fairy tale that preceded it, the verse tale was practiced by well-known authors (Voltaire) as well as second rate writers such as Grécourt, the most prolific. The narrative put into verse was a minor genre with no code which was disparaged by the supporters of literary orthodoxy. It falls within the province of transient poetry and comes straight from the art of conversation, which was so highly prized at the time that it imposed themes on writers and shaped the poetics of the texts. Between refined entertainment and fully-fledged literary genre, the verse tale, which underlines the crisis poetry was going through at the Age of the Enlightenment, embodies the search for a new poetic way marked by humility, lightness and simplicity and objecting to solemnity and the sublime. Our work, which is limited to printed texts, adopts three different angles: successively, the sociological, historical and generic angles. Tales, which are society poems and collective and serial works, are an indication of the taste for mockery and banter characteristic of this time. As for the diachronic approach, it aims at throwing light on the peaks of the vogue for tales from 1715 to the Revolution but also at bringing out a transhistoric continuity by establishing the origins as well as the posterity of the genre. Tales are also viewed in connection with the other genres it delights in imitating and twisting. They are libertine because of their philosophy but above all because of their allusive and subversive writing
Soubrenie, Elisabeth. "La poésie de la solitude en Grande-Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle : 1725-1785." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030135.
Full textIn prosperous 18th-century britain the right for the individual to leave society for solitude was much debated. Through cross-currents of philanthropy and misanthropy, the response of poetry from 1725 to 1785 was manifold. Not only did the enjoyement of intellectually fruitful solitude develop on physico-theological lines (thomson), but also a growing awareness of the pleasures of melancholy (t. & j. Warton). Searching the limits of solitude through gentle or sublime nature (excursion poets, thomson, cowper), man was soon faced with the infinite (young, hervey), before collapsing beyond a point of no return. Disarray was stressed by religious questioning : was solitude an ordeal toward reunion with fod, or a token of man's alienation from god's grace ? despite the fear of madness and the appeal of suicide, the fall into the abyss of isolation was counterbalanced by a somewhat recevered sense of the self as a reliable centre, beyond loomng nothingness (graveyard school), landscape gardens also sheltered the quest for a decent aurea mediocritas (gray) within the great chain of being the poet could laugh off his fear into; poetry-writing (green), but poetry could also be the work of madness (smart), unless it remained framed by neoclassical poetic diction, turning solitude into a paradoxical tutelary presence
Germano, Pedro da Silva. "La poésie en langue portugaise des juifs "sefardim" d'Amsterdam : (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040272.
Full textUn petit nombre de Juifs, ou de nouveaux-chrétiens, d'origine ibérique se sont réfugiés aux Pays-Bas à partir de la fin du XVIe siècle ; d'autres les ont suivis. On les désignait jusqu'au XIXe siècle par les expressions "Juifs portugais" ou Juifs de la "Nation [hébrai͏̈que] portugaise". Cependant, nous leur attribuons l'appelation "Juifs ibériques" ou plus fréquemment le pluriel hébreu de Sefarad, sefardim, ou la forme francisée séfarades. Après l'union des trois premières communautés d'Amsterdam qu'ils avaient formées entre 1597 et 1618, les sefardim instituèrent en 1638 la Sainte Communauté pour l'Etude de la Torah, communauté qui s'installa dans l'édifice de l'actuelle "Esnoga" inaugurée en 1675. Au chapitre I nous dressons un aperçu historique de la grande diaspora séfarade et de l'installation et évolution des communautés d'Amsterdam dont les activités religieuses, intellectuelles et administratives sont analysées au chapitre II sous l'angle de l'héritage ibérique ténacement préservé jusqu'à nos jours. Mais l'objectif prioritaire de notre étude est la fixation et l'analyse d'un corpus de poèmes, lato sensu, environ quatre mille quatre cents vers écrits en langue portugaise à Amsterdam par ces Juifs d'origine ibérique pendant deux siècles, plus précisément entre 1624 et 1781. Nous avons groupé et reproduit ces poèmes dont la prove-nance, la datation, la structure formelle et le contenu sont très diversifiés, selon leurs thèmes et destinataires dans le volume II. L'approche littéraire des poèmes transcrits est ébauchée, au Chapitre IV du volume I, sous l'angle de l'esthétique et du goût classique et baroque, ibérique et européen et de la culture lusitanienne des sefardim. Un troisième volume correspond à un essai d'une bibliographie des bibliographies publiées entre le XVIIIe et le XXe siècles concernant les textes des sefardim amstelodamois en langue portugaise
Courcelles, Dominique de. "L'écriture dans la pensée de la mort en Catalogne : les "goigs" en Catalogne de la fin du Moyen Age au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0309.
Full textThe word "goigs" designates the poems in the catalan vernacular which, since the end of the middle ages in catalonia, have been sung during church services to celebrate the "joys" of the virgin and the saints. These joys are the seven joys of the virgin, from her salutation by the angel to her assumption, and the saint's celestial joys in compensation for their sufferings. The "goigs" are distributed in the form of printed leaflets with the hagiographic poem, the appropriate verse and prayer from the latin service, and the image of the saint. The "goigs" are a holy writing of the angel's word, adapted to the historical conditions which are as much literary as social or spiritualtheir meaning dealing with death and transition may be discerned by the analysis of their textual configuration, of the saint's image, of the user's position before the altar. Performed by a legitimate officiant, thanks to a gift of money, before the saint's "powerful body", relic or miraculous statue, they form part of the symbolical exchanges bearing on ideas of death and made by each social parish group, according to the utopia proposed by the church. To immobilize the angel's word, the "goigs" cannot exist without bodies: the bodies of the saints comply with the writing's bodies of the leaflets, where the written letter splits into a projected figure of the saints, and the immobile bodies of the faithful
Langle, Catherine. "L'ombre du cloître au XVIIIème siècle." Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39044.
Full textThe monastery theme is omnipresent in the XVIIIe century. First, it provides a setting for the satire of "monastic vices" and theological quarrels about the consequences of Adam’s fall. Whereas the morality novels expose forced vocations, it becomes, for the libertines, the place of emancipatory transgressions. Following them, the "philosophers" criticize the monks' asceticism. And, along with the physiocrats, their celibacy their new anthropological options lead them to condemn perpetual vows as being an anti-natural form of subjection. Around 1770, the heroids magnify, in an ambiguous way, a heroism of the renunciation, to which the parody of monastic romanesque is the answer. At the same time, the theme goes on stage, where it suggests the creation of gloomy atmospheres. During, the French Revolution, the playwrights use it to ideological, pathetic and spectacular ends. Influenced by the English gothic novel, it then becomes a priviedged theme of the dawning melodrama. The literary convent always seems to echo something different from itself. Yet, where these dark images merge, it is possible to find the persistant obsession of the between nature and grace, inherited from an augustinian XVIIe century from which the englightened emancipated themselves by promoting the "natural". Awakening the suspiscion of the enlightened, who valorize in the individuals a self-determination enabling them to operate (within the century), the shadow of the cloister still keeps fascinating them. But Chateaubriand alone will manage to turn it into poetic matter, thus carrying out the heroids' scheme
Rey, Christine. "État des connaissances médicales au XVIIIème siècle." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11147.
Full textHasquenoph, Sophie. "Les Dominicains de Paris au XVIIIème siècle." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010595.
Full textThe dominicans of Paris in the XVIIIe century belong the three couvents : Saint-Jacques, Saint-Honoré and noviciat general. This present study analyses the differents friar's activities between 1700 and 1730, the organization and the communities's compositions, at last their personnal part in the jansenist crise. One second part, centralized on the years 1730-1785, presenties the daily live and the pariens's thought, dominicans on time of the philosophers's light offensive. The subject of the "decadence" is here underlined, then the Dominican's picture is discredited of the contemporaries and the order as a whole is violently critizies. At last, the third party exposes the friars attitudes before and during the french revolution. Some individuals fates are evoqued parallel with to their of the last parisian community, vanished in october 1793. After this date, the Dominican order never existes in the city. Only a few isoles friars take part in the order's reconstruction in the XXe century
Eldem, Edhem. "Le commerce français d'Istanbul au XVIIIème siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10006.
Full textSimonetta, Laetitia. "La connaissance par sentiment au XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1035/document.
Full textThe 18th century is not only the age of reason, it is also the time when the sentiment becomes very important in the mind of some philosophers to explain how a certain kind of objects are known. The self as well as the moral and esthetic values are, par excellence, objects that escape both the rational analysis and the perceptions derived from external senses. They are given in an internal experience called sentiment, whom particularity is to represent something different from the pure subjective state of mind, although it is an affective impression, made of perceptions of delight and pain. The problem is to determine in what extent the sentiment represent an irreducible way of knowing: is it a source of knowledge of its own, next to sensation and reflection, or is it just an impression one’s get of judging immediately which occults a succession of unconscious judgments? Acknowledged as a fact, but lacking obvious foundation, it is likely to receive the most contradictory interpretations. At the intersection of a metaphysical current and an empiricist one, it embodies one of the notions that exhibit the diversity of schools which remains in the Enlightenment
Morel, Josiane. "La relation éducative au cours du XVIIIème siècle." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015333.
Full textWirz, Olivier. "Les sociétés en nom collectif au XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020024.
Full textThe most common form of partnership used in France during the eighteenth century was general partnership, société en nom collectif. As a partnership and trade model it was already well known and was used by both the merchant and the business communities. The 1673 commercial order, ordonnance du commerce, refers to it as a general partnership because this was the form most commonly chosen to create a company/partnership. Whereas the names of the partners in a general partnership were in the public domain, with these partners assuming unlimited liability for company debt, the names of partners in other forms of company at that time, such as limited partnerships or anonymous companies, generally remained undisclosed. Although this ambiguous situation was to have consequences, the various changes taking place during the 18th century did not affect the basic principles of the general partnership, with the model remaining unchanged under the 1807 Commercial Code review of partnerships: acknowledgement of the fact that it was a coherent and durable model. A wide variety of companies was examined by referring to 18th century French records in order to evaluate the main characteristics of these companies and the reasons why business people opted for this model. This research involved examining the ways in which such partnerships were created and built and the conditions required for their growth and development, as well as management of risk. In addition, this company model was examined in relation to difficulties arising from both loss of partners and winding up of business activity, whether voluntary or involuntary. This study examines the foundations, scope and risks and difficulties encountered by general partnerships
Guitard-Morel, Josiane. "La relation éducative au cours du XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL017/document.
Full text18th century writing on education seems to give an important place to the relationship between master and pupil.This is first seen in the way the Ancien Regime school is discussed in 1726 in Charles Rollin’s Traité des études, also in the educational anthropology in Rousseau’s Émile ou de l’Éducation (1762) and the royal institution in Condillac’s Cours d’étude (1776) ; and finally in the upbringing, home education Alman’s children receive in Stéphanie de Genlis’ Adèle et Théodore (1782). Indeed, the relationship between master and pupil raises several questions at this time of intellectual ferment, when minds were filled with ideas of man’s perfectibility. Our corpus brings together various educational modalities, shifting between home education and public education, and between an idealized vision and the representation of a social reality with people taking a new interest in childhood and the family. So we have striven to grasp the quality and the nature of the bond between master and pupil, and to see how knowledge is gained and transmitted in this relationship. First, we attempt to examine how educational thinking develops in the 18th century. It is often scholars who do not belong to the world of education who are involved in this thinking, which is based on generally controversial aspirations and values, some of which are new, and some of which stem from an old Christian heritage. The next aspect tackled is the way Charles Rollin sees the educational relationship in the school educational contract. The approach to education discussed in Traité des études puts forward the idea that a master gains recognition and grandeur in respecting his pupil’s authentic character. In this instance, a spiritual bond is apparent, which is nurtured by affection and power and is thus close to the concept of filiation. Then we study the educational relationship in the light of the variable forms of tutorship. Rousseau intends to lead Emile to manhood in a Promethean daydream in which the human being and the recognition of otherness are dominant. On the other hand, Condillac rejects any idea of educational immediacy for Ferdinand de Parme. For him, if a prince is to be well-educated in accordance with the educational ideal of the Enlightenment, there should be no human dimension in the encounter between master and pupil. Finally, Genlis, who is so passionate about education, brings out the ambivalence present when the educational relationship is confined within the family unit. Here, nothing happens by chance, and the passion to educate prevents the pupil from growing and becoming an individual in his own right. In the 18th century, the different forms of educational relationship found in the writings of Rollin, Rousseau, Condillac and Genlis lead to a new idea emerging : a special bond is necessary between master and pupil for an educational situation to bear fruit
Couet, Marie-Emmanuelle. "L'épiscopat malouin au XVIIIème siècle : pastorale et société." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040010.
Full textLong forgotten by the historiography, the bishops of Saint-Malo deserved however the attention of research workers. Not only were they devoted to the good administration of their diocese but they tried to reform it according to the spirit of the council of Trent. Charitables, leaving rarely their diocese, they represent to a large extent the french eighteenth century bishops who were more competent than it is generally thought. There is no really break between "le siècle des âmes" and the eighteenth century
Pigeon, Jérôme. "L'intendant de Rouen, juge du contentieux fiscal au XVIIIème siècle." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED009.
Full textAs soon as the middle of the eighteenth century, the "intendants" supplanted the financial institutions in the "generalites" and received a large part of their powers. A great part of the fiscal matters in dispute was attributed to them. The intendants of the "generalite" of Rouen , country of "elections", had large powers in this matter. They had to judge about the direct taxation and a lot of disputes about excise taxes. When they processed in fiscal matters, the "intendants" of Rouen showed great moderation and proficiency. This research strives to bring to light that, during the eighteenth century, the accusation of arbitrariness charged against the "intendants" must be strongly tinged, and that the chief elements of an administrative jurisdiction were present. Scrupulously controlled by the King's Council, where the appeals from their sentences were brought, "intendants" of Rouen sometimes were opposed to the government, the most frequently in order to hold the interests of the private persons and their circumscription
Bokobza-Kahan, Michèle. "Folie et libertinage dans le roman du XVIIIème siècle." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030083.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to approach the libertine novels of the xviiith century (until the publication of les amours du chevalier de faublas by louvet de couvray in 1789), as a questioning on the involvment of madness and libertinism - way and mean of being - to the becoming of human in the world. Libertinism always developing within a determined society and in the relationship with others, the issue of madness is perceived in three different aspects : the social angle, the psychological angle and the interactional angle. Highlighting the representation of madness and the links woven between mental disease and a certain kind of relationships based on the libertine system, this study leads to a better comprehension of the libertine phenomenon itself
Paré, Magalie. "L’intendant d’Auvergne et la vie locale au XVIIIème siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF10268.
Full textNort, Antoinette. "Transformations du discours architectural à la fin du XVIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040204.
Full textBlanchard, Pierre. "La satire poétique de Thermidor à l’Empire : crépuscule d’un genre au couchant des Lumières." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20086.
Full textAt the turn of the 18th and 19th century, a large satiric production showed a wave of distrust of the Enlightenment philosophy, accused of being responsible for the exactions committed during the French revolution. The objective was to eradicate the legacy of the Enlightenment: in a period characterized by such a political instability, the Luciana verse-satire, then a declining kind of satire is made again legitimate thanks to a new fad. The social and moral disorders justified the use of such a sharp polemical genre. Satire became a perfect way for people to understand all the tensions which permeate the country in terms of political, religious and philosophical aspects. The satirist was nonetheless a marginal poet. The pretended performativity of his poetry and the danger it represented for the targets of his denunciation made the satirist suspicious. He constantly had to find a way to get his polemical speech "allowed". The analysis of the satirist ethics helps us to see the link between our corpus' authors and the great authors who gave the genre its literary honorability. The latters didn't stop claiming the legacy of the first ones. Creating a steady ethical "persona", the satirist made his denunciation legitimate. He also justified the use of the invective in the name of some higher ideal: maintenance of the State, return of values and moral, regeneration of Art. Every field was concerned. In the satirical work that emerged between Thermion and the Empire, the satirists were judging their century. They were actually part of the ronsardian and albinean tradition of the political satire. Politics, philosophy and religion are all subjects of reflection, debates and polemics in the satirical production of this period. The redefinition of Church’s status during the Revolution, unsuccessful attempts to create a cult able to counter Catholicism, and larger antagonisms between incompatible world views created opposition networks which structured the turmoil of the age. These are atheism versus religion, republic versus monarchy and reason versus faith. During the 18th century, the satire was a neglected and despised genre. It was experiencing the end of its era. The analysis of satire poetics between Thermidor and the Empire illustrates the decline of the genre, which only survived through the violence of its accusations. Emotions of sadness were flattered and the satire sometimes aroused polemics with eventual tragic human consequences. Ironically, the study of the violence in the satirical invective reveals the vitality of a genre that couldn’t survive long its renewed dynamism
Blanchard, Pierre. "La satire poétique de Thermidor à l'Empire : crépuscule d'un genre au couchant des Lumières." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937270.
Full textBrovillé, Valérie. "Observations sur la procédure criminelle à la fin du XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0054.
Full textGrangaud, Isabelle. "La ville imprenable. Histoire sociale de Constantine au XVIIIème siècle." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458158.
Full textDespeyroux, Dubrana Marie-Christine. "Erica Jong : Fanny et le roman anglais au XVIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040175.
Full textFanny is a major work from the American novelist Erica Jong who wished to write a mock eighteenth-century novel. Very well informed about the period, mastering the technique of authors like Defoe, Fielding or Cleland, she tries to seize the mind of the period. If she relates the life, manners, ideas, and morality of the 18th century, Erica Jong describes an heroine, Fanny, who, if she evokes Tom Jones, Fanny Hill, Moll Flanders or Roxana, is very similar to Isadora, her favorite heroine, her alter ego. She naturally transcends the imitation process concerning the style, the evolution of the heroine, giving her character a rich, complex and modern personality. More advanced than the heroines of the past, intellectual, sensual, feminist, feminine, nonconformist, fanny benefits, apart from her various encounters and numerous and perilous adventures, from the whole power, the psychological experience and the concerns of the woman writer Erica Jong. Rebelling against taboos, prejudices and inequalities, Fanny wishes to pass on, with the true account of her life, to her daughter Belinda, born of incest, the sense of personal ethics based upon a taste for culture and freedom to acquire mastery over her fate and blooming in her life as a woman, a mother, an artist. Aiming to describe the characteristics of feminine nature in a female picaresque, marked with humor, irony, seriousness, eroticism and personal satire, Erica Jong, looking for osmosis between art and life, describes the complexity of the origins and influences of modern woman's fate who is marked by the duality head and body. Investing herself in fanny, she personally authenticates the. .
Baudry, Brulet Eliane. "Chateauroux au XVIIIème siècle : ressorts et mutations d'une société urbaine." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5009.
Full textChâteauroux is one of the middle-sized cities of the kingdom with around 8. 000 inhabitants at the end of the 18th century. It is looked on as the capital of its "land", because of all the services it provides to the surrounding population. Châteauroux is the gateway to the Champagne Berrichonne, a region characterized by its chalky, stony land not very favorable to the cereal growing but ideal for sheep. Those herds are a windfall for the rich inhabitants of Châteauroux, looking for lucrative investment. In the 1740ies, Châteauroux's population grows, bringing on economical boom and more dynamisme to the city. That's the reason of the drastical change of its society ; some handworkers become merchants. They market wool and drapery, two of the leading economical activities of the city. The noblemen, officers, clerks, bourgeois and merchants grow richer during the wholecentury whereas the official documents show the stagnation of low incomes. The interiors of the houses don't change much but the material culture evolves for all social categories
Ursch-Bernier, Isabelle. "Négoce et industrie à Mulhouse au XVIIIème siècle (1696-1798)." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1028.
Full textAt the end of the seventeenth century, the republic of Mulhouse is presented in the form of an enclave geographical, political, religious and economic in the province of Alsace, attached to the kingdom of France since 1648. Its flourishing trade allows the emergence of a Body of merchants whose rise to power continues during first half of the eighteenth century. Since 1746 and in less than twenty years, the rise of a new activity, calico printing fabrics known as “indiennage”, transforms the city into manufacturing centre, true industrial pole for its area. The bond between trade and financing of manufactures constitutes the directing wire of this work. The first research orientation is articulated around trade and traders : it underlines the development of a commercial inheritance, the accumulation of capital reinvested in the trade. The “indiennage” is regarded as a commercial opportunity, profiting from an important phenomenon of mode in spite of a prohibition concerning several countries of Europe, which of them France. The second research orientation sticks to the manufacturing growth : quite visible in the years 1750, it develops during the following decade ; we assist to the creation of companies mainly made up traders renouncing their mercantile activity to turn to the industry. The companies deeply modify the economic and social diagram of the city. The beginning of the years 1780 represents the apogee of calico printing fabrics in Mulhouse : the calico printers became heads of undertaking ; we enter the era of industrial capitalism. From 1785, the manufacturing growth is disturbed by hard political and commercial relations between the small republic and France. The mulhousian factories undergo the risks of the revolutionary period but technical know-how and the capacity of management acquired on three generations of contractors, make possible the town become a French industrial pole of first importance in 1798
Esteban, Elisabeth. "Le permis de construire du XVIIIème siècle à nos jours." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020042.
Full textGarcia, Marie-Hélène. "La culture des ingénieurs militaires en Espagne au Siècle des Lumières (XVIIIème siècle-début du XIXème siècle)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30054.
Full textThis thesis, which comes within the research focusing on the Spanish elites of the 18th century, attempts to show the part played by the military engineers in the scientific and cultural revival of the century. After introducing the historical framework in which these men lived, as a new dynasty came to power in Spain, the text highlights the way this army corps was governed while setting forth its social profile. This study endeavours to emphasise the culture of these men in relation with the scientific and intellectual evolution of their country, as well as their academic education as the first step in their cultural background. Then, it is from a precise analysis of the book collections to be found in property surveys that we can derive what kind of books theses men read. The importance of books- analysed from a formal point of view as well as in their content - allows to perceive how this army corps was different from other enlightened elites and what extent the European Enlightenment was to have an influence upon it. The analysis of the languages in which the books found in collections were edited, but also the books published by the military engineers themselves, help to complete the study of their culture and to show their role not only in the military but also in the cultural field - to the advantage of Spain. Finally, the culture of everyday life (clothing, professional objects, pictures) permits to place these men in the society of their time in a more accurate way
Brechoteau, Sophie. "Les pharmaciens et l'industrie sucrière aux XVIIIème et XIXème siècles." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P044.
Full textHeichette, Michel. "Sociabilité et sensibilités collectives au XVIIIème siècle : l'exemple du Pays Sabolien." Le Mans, 2002. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2002/2002LEMA3008_1.pdf.
Full textDubois, Bruno. "Réalité et imaginaire, le Japon vu par le XVIIIème siècle français." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843582.
Full textLevasseur, Olivier. "Les usages de la mer dans le Trégor du XVIIIème siècle." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20045.
Full textThareau, Aymeric. "La justice criminelle au XVIIIème siècle : l'exemple du Parlement de Provence." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32089.
Full textOn the one hand we have the criminal proceeding ; On the other hand we have offences and punishments : these are two very distinct notions, especially if we take into account the criminal justice rendered by the Provence’s high judicial court in the eighteenth century. This dichotomy is all the more necessary that the criminal proceeding was managed by a clear and precise juridical text which has had a certain juridical value : it is the 1670’s criminal order of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Then contrariwise, offences and punishments that were judged by Aix’s magistrates were not based on a uniform juridical text. They have had to refer mostly to a doctrine finely worked by jurisconsults of that time as well as by the jurisprudence already established. In the criminal proceeding scope, the precision of the juridical texts prevents Aix’s magistrates of the eighteenth century of a too large freedom of judgement. The Provence’s high judicial court parliamentaries applyied the 1670’s criminal order of Saint-Germain-en-Laye meticulously ; they even showed a certain attentiveness in the implementation of the criminal proceeding and followed as much as the interpretation given by the jurisconsults than the terms of the juridical text itself
Zongo, Zenabou. "La vision des religions chinoises dans la France du XVIIIème siècle." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20023.
Full textGallien, Claire. "Connaître et imaginer l'Orient dans la littérature anglaise du XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040133/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the relationships between the academic and the general representations of the Orient in eighteenth-century English literature. It uncovers a network of interactions which defines both cultures, and it demonstrates that the oriental vogue and knowledge of the Orient are not antithetical phenomena. Indeed, the two distinct types of discourses on the Orient function mimetically and develop ambivalent positions. Representations of the Orient in eighteenth-century English literature cannot be reduced to a pseudo-oriental craze. They are part of an enduring process of knowledge formation, which did not stop in 1705 with the translation from the French of Galland's Arabian Nights Entertainments and then suddenly reappeared in 1784 with the founding of the Asiatic Society in Calcutta. This thesis exposes a moment in time when, contrary to what had happened before, scholarship met with and actively sought a broad readership, as it also unveils the reciprocal influence of the English taste on the translations of Oriental texts and, conversely, of the oriental style on the formation of an English literary canon
Jacquin, Frédéric Nicolas. "Le crime d'empoisonnement et son imaginaire dans la France du XVIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040114.
Full textIn the 19th century studying poisoning was carried out mainly by the " Positivist " school. Historians considered that the stories belonged to classic historiography as the expression of superstition which decreased in the 18th century. But the judicial archives of the jurisdiction of the Parliament in Paris revealed the existence of numerous poisoning affairs brought before the Court betwenn 1700 and 1790. The choice of our study was the choice of a history anxious to take into account people's imagination and the systems of representation those murders had developed. The discovery of poisoning was the cause of deep anguish combined with the image of a violent death. The observation on the bodies of the victims of lesions due very often to arsenic helped to create a terrifying atmosphere. Informed, the people of the law would go to the spot of the drama in order to certify the murder. During the investigations, the judges entrusted doctors with the task of doing the forensic examinations. But above all the gathering of material proof and evidence allowed to understand the context of every case. Considered as a food-linked murder, poisoning was very close to the skill of food preparation. Mixed to the daily meals poison would produce smells which created a very aggressive olfactory atmosphere opposed to the smell produced by sweet medecine. The inquieries to discover the culprit were based on plans born of people's imagination in which women were the main instigators of murders. Associated with the image of witchcraft, the stereotype of poisoner gradually broke with this image to be a model on his own right. Being the symbol of a despicable person, he was severely punished. But at the end of the 18th century, the act he was charged with was no longer associated with the idea of murder. The medical study showed that violent deaths could be due to natural intoxication
Bedel, Vanina. "La maréchaussée dans la généralité de Guyenne au XVIIIème siècle : 1720-1790." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40014.
Full textThe French Maréchaussée was at the origin of the Gendarmerie Nationale. In the eighteen-century, the maréchaussée experienced its main reforms, which structured and militarized it and turned it into a police force present in the countryside of the realm, a feature that it retained after the French Revolution. The royalty made it a police institution at its service without depriving it from its jurisdictional character. The Company of Guyenne, as far back as 1720, settled in the généralité, the capital of which is Bordeaux. The history of the maréchaussée then became a history of its dealings with different local authorities, administrative and judicial, of the increase of its mission of police, and of the decline of its jurisdictional action, considered, wrongly, as expeditious and arbitrary. The maréchaussée had then to find a place in the institutional intricacy of the Ancient Regime, at the crossroads of the centralizing policy of the monarchy, the " judiciary imbroglio ", of the political, military and economic crises that shake the century, and of the reality of its daily practical experience
Decourt, Hollender Bénédicte. "Les attributions normatives du Sénat de Nice au XVIIIème siècle (1700-1792)." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0016.
Full textOn 8 March 1614, Charles-Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, created in the County of Nice a Senate who was similar to the Senates of Savoy and Piedmont. He wanted to create a supreme jurisdiction to be at the height of a judicial system to replace the plurality of justices that were prevalent during the medieval period. But he also wished to strengthen the authority of the monarch thanks to this senatorial body that now held the advisory role inherited from the feudal time. In the establishment decree, the Prince granted competences similar to those of the French Parliament. The Senate, designed as a Court of justice, also had attributions that covered extrajudicial areas (administrative, ecclesiastical, and, of course, political). The Senate had the power to “iudicare”, say the law, “regere”, govern and “administrare”, administer, which implied the faculty to make decisions. This power to enact the norm, which belonged to this sovereign Court, or more subtlety, the power to interfere in the process of elaboration of the norm, is the subject of this Thesis. This function implies, on the one hand, a power associated with the setting up of a juridical system sought by the Sovereign, through a dual prerogative of registration and remonstrance; and, on the other hand, an autonomous but shared power of definition of the local norm. In spite of the importance of its duties, the Prince did not have to fear the normative claims of this Court, as the absolutist policy of the monarch of Savoy did not enable the Senate to consider its attributions as a tool for political opposition. On the other hand, with a kind of " political withdrawal ", it was considered as a supervisory and monitoring body and strengthened its supervision on the communities and people placed under its jurisdiction. Therefore, it was not surprising that this sovereign Court applied rules according to the king's laws, adapting them, when necessary, to contingencies of time, place and human needs. The Senate, therefore, appeared as the privileged observer and the watchful regulator of the society and its malfunctions
Da, Vinha Mathieu. "Les Valets de Chambre du Roi au XVIIième siècle, vers 1640-1720." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040003.
Full textDuring the ancient régime, valets de chamber were probably the household officers closest to the French king. There were four "premier valets" and thirty-two "valets ordinary. " Part of the monarch's vast domestic staff (and members of the Royal Household in particular), these men served three-month shifts of duty, primarily attending the king when he rose in the morning and retired at night. Their official hierarchical rank was contradicted by the reality of their position - in the seventeenth century, far from being limited to menial tasks, they managed to win the king's trust and enjoyed a unique status. The "premier valets," although officers of the second rank, tended to get the better of their household superiors - the "Gentlemen of the Chamber" - when it came to personal contact with the king. Most valets were drawn from the bourgeoisie, and were granted a noble title; such titles had occasionally been hereditary but were merely individual by the end of the seventeenth century. Nevertheless, their appointment guaranteed valets all the privileges of second-rank officers, and a calculated policy of intermarriage along with a progressive closing of their professional shop meant that a title of nobility was no longer considered a priority. Solidly rooted in the royal household through tradition and through appointment to other offices, these men were never really excluded from the ranks of the aristocracy. Thanks to their close contact with the king (premier valets slept at the foot of the royal bed), some of them rose high on the social ladder. Dynasties begun under Louis XIII survived into the days of Louis XV and even Louis XVI - these faithful servants of the crown were rewarded with honors, titles, and wealth. This study is more than a history of a group of household servants, for it aims to offer a new view of the French court, as seen not by aristocratic writers of memoirs by rather by courtiers who practiced a "trade" there
Savornin, Marie-Noël. "Les lettres de cachet pour affaires de famille à Paris au XVIIIème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0016.
Full textJahier, Hugues. "Angleterre et Suisse romande : étude sur le commerce européen au XVIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040035.
Full textIn the 2nd half of the 18th century, the religious matter still remains a reverential but symbolic picture, relating to the strong links between England and the most part of French- (speaking) "Switzerland". Henceforth, time is at the applied technology progresses. They rule over the economic apparatus and general consummation. The "goes it alone" of Britain in the industrial revolution, institutional affinities, and a beloved area to the Britons ' eyes, forced the pace. Despite, from time to time, unfavorable circumstances, there will be always a "European bridge" opens for direct contacts. More and more, Swiss watchmaking seems to be dependent upon the English supplies. The whole range of utilitarian and fashionable manufactured products, local handicrafts, became "absolutely necessary" for both partners. It is the "discover" of England not only attracted by the distant shores, and an extravert "Switzerland"
Lemoine, Claire. "Cortèges et pouvoirs à Paris aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècle (1660-1789)." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070077.
Full textThe processions -defined as collective movements structured by a ceremonial- are part of the system of representation of the "public thing". The various institutions in the city of Paris are part of them since august 1660 until the end of the summer 1789. The religious processions, the corteges and the ceremonial of the state involving the king and the royal family, the diplomatic ceremonial and the celebrations of victory and peace, are occasions to put on stage the hierarchy of roles in the Ancien Regime Society and its working rules. Walking order, precedence, clothing, allegorical setting and routes are the clues of a discourse to decipher, a detailed discourse which vests time and space. The registers of the masters of ceremony and all the archives that have been considered testify to the concern for the coherence of the codified and ritual practices. Their core is religious and the ceremonial is repetitive by nature; it's also the transmission of a necessarily ancestral culture. But each generation gives this its print and the corteges are subject to a deep evolution in the eighteenth century. They celebrate the king as an individual and his family more than his government's policy and they don't serve the exaltation of the monarchy anymore. Ostentation and luxury are no more appreciated nor understood. The physiocrats and the philanthropists have encouraged the fashion for thrift and assistance for the poor. This is testified by the official processions, mostly in the summer 1789 when the parisian people itself decides to march for thanks givings for the revolution and for propitiatory prayers
Tokpassi, Hervé. "Les parlementaires bordelais et les arts au XVIIIème siècle : architecture et collections." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30008.
Full textThrough their social position, the members of Parliament were the most influential and the richest class in the eighteenth-century. They also had the cultural prestige that allowed them to be in the well educated elite of the Age of Enlightenment. This work is to establish the relationship between the members of the Bordeaux Parliament and the artistic environment. The first part discusses the Bordeaux Parliament and the robine nobility’s lifestyle specifically through the fortune of his members and the place of the parliamentary group within the cultural and intellectual elite of Bordeaux. The second parts deals with the study of the architectural heritage. It states the architects achievements financed by the magistrates "master builders", whose imposing, private, and richly adorned hotels plus the prestigious chateaux, still represent their power at the time. The last part analyses the furniture design and style and the different collections of the Members of Parliament, that show the taste and the artistic sensibilities of this enlightened class. The study ends by identifying a possible patronage from the members of Parliament
Huitelec, Didier. "Les Indiens esclaves et libres de la société bourbonnaise au XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0046.
Full textThe many studies on the Indians at Bourbon Island / Reunion brought a good knowledge of this community, but were mainly interested in the group of workers engaged in the nineteenth century, especially after 1848. This study, which is part of the subaltern studies, aims to highlight what it means to be an Indian in Bourbon society in the eighteenth century. From coffee cultivation in the early eighteenth century to the abolition of slavery in 1848, Indians did not form a homogenous group, some were brought in as slave labor and others were engaged as free workers. The living conditions of these two groups are different. The study wonders about their number, the distribution by sex, their spatial location in the colony, their habitat. By interrogating the notarial archives, the doors of the homes that open up, reveal the spaces of intimacy (space for living, meals, rest, work) and offer a good vision of the formation of couples, relationships family and extrafamily
Mejri, Mona. "La réécriture du mythe des Atrides dans la tragédie du XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040087.
Full textThe myth of Atrides, which summarizes to him only, all the horrors and all the cruelties the man of which was able to be guilty - fratricide, regicide, parricide, matricide, infanticide, incest, cannibalism, human sacrifice - and which was relatively neglected by the classic tragedy in the XVIIth century, knew an unprecedented development about the XVIIIth century when about twenty tragic plays were dedicated to him, without counting the operas and the ballets. But this tragic theater, in spite of its immense success with the public in the XVIIIth century, suffered afterward from a regrettable prejudice to which Victor Hugo's famous verse - " On the Racine died, The Campistron swarms "-, is not foreign. Raising us against this reducing vision, we wanted by this study which concerned eight of the most significant dramatic works the significant which handled main episodes of the antique fable - going of the crime of Tantale to Oreste's vengeance, including the sacrifice of Iphigénie and the murder of Agamemnon - to show the dramatic, moral and philosophic specificity of the tragedy of the Lights which was " a laboratory of the forms and the ideas " where developed at the same time a new sensibility, a new dramatic art and a new vision of the world, very different from those classic tragedy
Foucry, Sophie. "La propriété seigneuriale dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent au XVIIIème siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18392.
Full textDugay-Cobena, Emmanuelle. "Jean-François Marmontel. La carrière d'un homme de lettres au XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040203.
Full textMarmontel, a well-known writer in his time – but almost unremembered nowadays – created a diverse and profuse work which unity is being recovered here. This versatile writer’s work is taken into account through a literary and historical angle. His intellectual journey is being connected to the portrait of the honest man, worldly author, and leverage agent, which were built up in his Memoirs. Furthermore, his place within the Republic of Letters is being reappraised, from his theoretical (poetic, and aesthetic) postulates to their practical implementation (rewriting, translating, interactions with Voltaire and with the “encyclopedia school”, as well as with his opponents). Finally, Marmontel’s relationships with his audience are being examined. The study of his poetry and his Moral Tales allows us to establish to what extent his writings were shaped by his design to succeed and adapted to the audience he targeted. This work aims to change the perspective generally adopted in the studies devoted to Marmontel, by showing that not only was he a reflection of his times, but he also managed, in return, to influence his age, in his own way
Job, Françoise. "Les Juifs de Lunéville du début du XVIIIème siècle à la fin du XIXème siècle : 1713-1891." Nancy 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN21021.
Full textJewish nation in luneville, from early 18th century through the french revolution (1789) : settlement of jews in luneville in 18th century. Organisation in religious community. Their president abraham isaac brisac receives from king louis xvi the first autorisation in france to build a synagogue since the middle age. Conditio ns of life of the jews. What was forbidden to them. Evolution of mentalities. The second part from the emancipation (1791) to the assimilation : abraham brisac's hebraic printershop; progressive accession of the jews to all jobs and fonctions; numerical growth and golden age of the community; beginning and causes of the decline (studies on family names, demography and occupations)
Che, Lin. "La rhétorique de la poésie symboliste française et ses rencontres avec la poésie chinoise." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030042.
Full textThis dissertation offers a comparative study about the poetics of the French Symbolism and the Chinese poetry. The audacity and rebelliousness of a group of French poets in the second half of the 19th century revolutionized the poetic world with the creation of a new poetic language. This new poetic language was characterized by the symbolic suggestion and evocation, by a closer communication between the material and the spiritual, between the visible and the invisible. The French Symbolism started influencing China from 1915 and contributed to the development of modern Chinese poetry. In the meantime, it is interesting to discover some analogies between the Chinese poetical tradition and the French symbolist rhetoric, between the traditional form of symbolism and the modern form of symbolism. This comparative study focuses upon the encounter of French symbolist poetry and Chinese poetry, which developed independently until the early 20th century
Vacher, Marc. "Voisins, voisines et voisinage à la fin du XVIIIème siècle : le cas lyonnais (1776-1790)." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/vacher_m.
Full textVafaï, Tarane. "Influence de la poésie du XIXe siècle français sur la poésie de Nimâ Youshij." Paris, INALCO, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAL0015.
Full textBeside attempts by the Iranian Imperial Court in promoting the French language in Iran, other factors helped in the spreading of French language and culture in Iran. Theses factors, including publication of French or bilingual magazines and newspapers, French works, particularly translation of literary works, establishment of European style French schools both by Iranian and French nationals, all helped in familiarizing Iranians with French language, literature and culture. Neema Yushij graduated from one of these high schools (Saint Louis), where he developed interest in French language. In fact, this was where Neema started to be influenced by French poets. Neema endeavoured to let go of the classic form of Persian poetry through intellectual innovation, and composed his poems in a free form and fresh context. He later succeeded to change context and form at the same time in one poem. It must be said that Neema was influenced by many poets, but we shall concentrate on the influence of 19th century French poets on his work. It is worth mentioning that, despite this influence, Neema preserved the independence, autonomy and his vision of the world, and conferred an idiolectal system upon his poems. Hence, this influence could be demonstrated through analysis and comparison of Neema's texts with those of French poets. If the discussion is based upon keeping Neema the person distant from Neema the enunciator, that is Neema the man and Neema the poet, it enables us to make an intertextual comparison between the two different systems of semiolinguistics through a semiotic approach, in order to investigate the operation of enunciation and process textual of the issue of how their texts come into mutual contact
Robin, Anne. "La poésie rusticale du XIIIe au XVe siècle." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030101.
Full textWhen studying rusticale poetry, the principal problem faced is that of language. The latter almost never aims at representing the peasant's world but it designed to create a comical effect, although some aspects of reality, often satirically targeted at the peasant and sometimes the political power, emerge from the texts : moreover this language can be used to parody the topoi of elevated litterature, particularly lyrical poetry. In this case, rusticale poetry can be considered as a variation of the giocoso genre