Academic literature on the topic 'Poet liaison'

AbstractFrom the second half of the last century onwards, the term ‘metalepsis’ has been in common use in the field of narratology, and has gradually found a place in literary criticism more broadly, to denote the transgression of diegetic boundaries, whether by the narrator or the narratee. The present article provides a thorough analysis of the metaleptic depiction of Bion provided by his anonymous eulogist at lines 58–63 of the Epitaph for Bion. This passage describes Galatea’s reaction to Bion’s demise, with the result that the dead poet, who sang of the Cyclops in fr. 16, himself assumes Polyphemus-like traits. However, the parallelism between the poet and his character proves to be imperfect, because the text hints at a past liaison, and describes Galatea’s newly acquired status as a shepherdess, thus presenting Bion as a successful lover, and, more importantly, one who has been successful precisely where the Cyclops failed. The key to reading this ‘antagonistic’ portrayal of Bion is provided by analysis of the hidden web of intertextual connections that lies beneath this passage (Theoc. Idd. 6, 11, Bion frr. 3, 16), which brings to the fore its strong poetological meaning, revealing it to be a poetic tribute through which the anonymous poet celebrates Bion’s achievements as both a bucolic and an amatory poet.

To some extent I feel as Robert Lewis does, that the process leading from “national awakening” to “national liberation” is a worldwide tendency, and that the Soviet Union is part of a global Zeitgeist in this respect.Byway of illustrating this fifteen-stage process, I would like to just report on a couple of examples I came across in reading about the republics as independent actors. One such issue has to do with the attempts of the different republics, and the nations within them, to form transnational coalitions across borders. In a way, these attempts get around the problem of establishing formal diplomatic relations with other countries: maybe you do not need de jure recognition if in fact you can do things with other people. For instance, consider the anti-nuclear congress, organized in Kazakhstan by something called the Nevada-Semipalatinsk Movement, led by the poet Olzhas Suleimenov. In early 1989, a Soviet nuclear test in Kazakhstan was followed by a public protest, and Suleimenov became the leader of the movement. He and his people quickly decided to call it not the “Semipalatinsk Movement” but the “Nevada-Semipalatinsk Movement.” And they immediately brought in American Indians, Maoris, and other people from around the world, who are all being subjected to nuclear testing. He also established personal liaison with Dr. Bernard Lawn of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War in Cambridge, Massachusetts; last summer three hundred doctors and scientists in Semipalatinsk talked to people who were immediately affected by military nuclear testing.

Este estudo busca analisar a tradução para o português de uma obra relevante da literatura mundial – <em>As relações perigosas</em>, de Choderlos de Laclos <tt>(1741-1803) </tt>– centrando-se em dois pontos: seu tradutor, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, e nos possíveis ecos dessa tradução na obra de Drummod, que foi um dos mais importantes poetas brasileiros. Também lançaremos mão da tradução feita por Sérgio Milliet, poeta e ensaísta ligado ao movimento modernista de 1922, não para fazer juízos de valor, mas para melhor visualizar as habilidades e as escolhas de Drummond enquanto tradutor.

The article addresses the issue of the intimate but troublesome liaison between philosophy and literature—referred to in scholarship as “the ancient quarrel between poets and philosophers.” Its aim is double-fold. First, it traces the interweaving paths of philosophical and literary discourse on the example of Wallace Stevens’s oeuvre. It demonstrates that this great American modernist advocates a clear distinction between poetry and philosophy on the one hand, but draws on and dramatizes philosophical ideas in his poems on the other. The vexing character of his poetic works exemplifies the convoluted and inescapable connections between philosophy and poetry. Second, it discusses various approaches to metaphor, highlighting Stevens’s inimitable take on it. The diverse ways of tackling metaphorical language cognize metaphor’s re-descriptive and reconfiguring character. They embrace e.g., Stevens’s concept of metaphor as metamorphosis, or as “resemblance rather than imitation.” The to date interpretations of Stevens’s poetry in the light of a whole host of philosophies yield important insights into the meaningful interconnections between poetry and philosophy. However, rather than offering another interpretation of his poems from a given philosophical angle, the versatile voices presented here interrogate what poetry consists in.

<p> </p> <p>A necessidade de se instaurar uma nova poética, e com isso criar, ao mesmo tempo, “novas formas de leitura”, no intuito da “formação de novos leitores”, representaria, segundo Rosa Maria Martelo, uma constante da poesia moderna. Para isso, os poetas recorrem a diversas estratégias de atração do leitor, que não são, entretanto, pautadas em uma identificação do leitor com o poeta. Elas cumpririam seu papel por meio de inovações formais, de linguagem. Por outro lado, essas estratégias, na contemporaneidade, parecem voltar a reclamar uma cumplicidade com o leitor, porém de forma diversa da Modernidade. Alexandre O’Neill encontra-se a meio caminho entre a tradição moderna e a condição contemporânea, na medida em que dialoga com os preceitos da vanguarda modernista, por vezes a subvertendo. Em <em>A saca de orelhas</em>, livro de poemas de 1979, o poeta revê não apenas a tradição literária modernista, mas trabalha sobre uma herança mais vasta, e estabelece um tipo específico de relação com elementos do cotidiano, imagens do senso comum e da história do país, entre outros componentes que indicam a criação de laços, sejam de parentesco, históricos ou literários. O poeta se posiciona com freqüência de maneira a se opor a esses componentes de ordem variada. É o que fica claro pela análise do livro, que conta com três poemas intitulados “Acontrapelos”, os quais devem ser lidos invertendo os sentidos dos versos. A definição da nova poética parece realmente se dar por meio de um movimento de contestação, oposição ou reversibilidade dos sentidos. Este trabalho propõe investigar se, através dessa linha de composição dissonante, o poeta consegue encontrar seu lugar, estando ciente de que “Há uma gente que desponta do outro lado do vale./ (...) São meus semelhantes./Com eles vou desentender-me (mais que certo!),/mas a idéia que deles faço/ é ainda um laço.”</p> <p>Le besoin de créer une nouvelle poétique en créant au même temps “des nouvelles formes lecture”, dans le but de “former des nouveaux lecteurs”, réprésenterait, selon Rosa Maria Martelo, un mouvement continuel dans la poésie moderne. Pour ce faire, les poètes font appel à plusieurs stratégies de séduction du lecteur, qui ne sont pas, bien entendu, fondées dans une identification du lecteur avec le poète. Elles joueraient leur rôle grâce à des inovations formelles ou de langage. D’autre part, dans les temps contemporains, ces stratégies semblent requérir à nouveau la complicité avec le lecteur, mais, dans ce casci, d’une manière différente de celle pratiquée dans les temps modernes. Alexandre O’Neill se trouve entre la tradition moderne et la condition contemporaine dans la mesure où il dialogue avec les notions de l’avant-garde, toute en les bouleversant. Dans “A Saca de Orelhas”, livre de poèmes de 1979, le poète revoit non seulement la tradition d’avant-garde moderne, mais il travaille avec un héritage plus grand. D’ailleurs, il établit un type de rapport avec des éléments du quotidien, des images du sens commun et de l’histoire de Portugal, parmi d’autres composants qui indiquent la création de liaisons, comme les liens de parenté, historiques ou littéraires. Toutefois, fréquemment le poète nie ces composants. C’est ce qui ce travail propose d’examiner, spécifiquement dans les poèmes nommés “Acontrapelos”. La définition d’une nouvelle poétique nous paraît émerger par un mouvement de contestation, opposition ou réversibilité des sens.</p>

The paper deals with the Scottish literary revival that occurred in the 1920s and 1930s. The leading theoretical and artistic figure of this movement was Hugh MacDiarmid, a Scottish poet whose main preoccupation was the role of Scots and Gaelic in shaping modern Scottish identity. Also called the Lallans revival – the term Lallans (Lowlands) having been used by Robert Burns to refer solely to the notion of language, the movement’s main postulates included the strengthened cultural liaisons between Scots and Gaelic (and not Scots and English as was the case until then). In the preface to his influential anthology of Scottish poetry, The Golden Treasury of Scottish Verse (1941), MacDiarmid bluntly stated that the prime aim of Scottish Literary Renaissance was to recharge Scots as a stage in the breakaway from English so that Scottish Gaelic heritage could properly be recaptured and developed. Relying primarily on MacDiarmid’s theoretical insights, it is our purpose to track, explore and describe the Scottish Literary Renaissance’s contemporary echoes. The paper thus focuses on the comparative analysis of Hugh MacDiarmid’s poetry, on the one hand, and the poetry of its contemporary Scottish creative disciples (Tom Leonard, Edwin Morgan and James Robertson). By comparing and contrasting the selected poems of the aforementioned poets, the main goal of the paper is to emphasize the validity, relevance and actuality of MacDiarmid’s movement for the present moment in Scotland.

AbstractA versatile portfolio of diagnostic tests is essential for the containment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Besides nucleic acid-based test systems and point-of-care (POCT) antigen (Ag) tests, quantitative, laboratory-based nucleocapsid Ag tests for SARS-CoV-2 have recently been launched. Here, we evaluated four commercial Ag tests on automated platforms and one POCT to detect SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated PCR-positive (n = 107) and PCR-negative (n = 303) respiratory swabs from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients at the end of the second pandemic wave in Germany (February–March 2021) as well as clinical isolates EU1 (B.1.117), variant of concern (VOC) Alpha (B.1.1.7) or Beta (B.1.351), which had been expanded in a biosafety level 3 laboratory. The specificities of automated SARS-CoV-2 Ag tests ranged between 97.0 and 99.7% (Lumipulse G SARS-CoV-2 Ag (Fujirebio): 97.03%, Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Ag (Roche Diagnostics): 97.69%; LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 Ag (Diasorin) and SARS-CoV-2 Ag ELISA (Euroimmun): 99.67%). In this study cohort of hospitalized patients, the clinical sensitivities of tests were low, ranging from 17.76 to 52.34%, and analytical sensitivities ranged from 420,000 to 25,000,000 Geq/ml. In comparison, the detection limit of the Roche Rapid Ag Test (RAT) was 9,300,000 Geq/ml, detecting 23.58% of respiratory samples. Receiver-operating-characteristics (ROCs) and Youden’s index analyses were performed to further characterize the assays’ overall performance and determine optimal assay cutoffs for sensitivity and specificity. VOCs carrying up to four amino acid mutations in nucleocapsid were detected by all five assays with characteristics comparable to non-VOCs. In summary, automated, quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Ag tests show variable performance and are not necessarily superior to a standard POCT. The efficacy of any alternative testing strategies to complement nucleic acid-based assays must be carefully evaluated by independent laboratories prior to widespread implementation.

Thompson, Holly (editor). Tomo: Friendship through Fiction: An Anthology of Japan Teen Stories. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press, 2012. Print.Shortly after the Great East Japan Earthquake (and tsunami) of 11 March 2011, Holly Thompson came up with a unique idea to contribute to the recovery. The resulting anthology of prose, verse, and graphic art stories by authors and artists from around the world who share a connection to Japan will generate some financial help to support young people affected by this disaster. More importantly, it will contribute to a deeper understanding of, and connection to, what is still a surprisingly mysterious culture. Despite Japan’s status as one of the largest and most successful world-economies, despite our familiarity with sushi and karaoke and judo and samurai and multitudinous Japanese brand-names, so much of Japanese culture as it is lived on the ground and in people’s minds is a complete mystery even to experienced Japan-hands and Japanese themselves. This anthology, as a whole and above all else, highlights the mysteriousness. While each of the 36 individual stories might evoke a response like, “Really? So that’s what it’s all about” (“ahh, sō desuka”) or “Ah, now I get it!” (“ahh, naru hodo”), the effect of reading them all is more like, “hmm, there is nothing simple about Japan after all. I need to know more.” There is something for everyone, Japanophiles and those with no familiarity whatsoever. More precisely, there is something for everyone in each story. Japanese culture is wildly diverse and complicated when viewed even just through teenage and young adult eyes, as are most stories in this collection. That, I think, is the true value of this collection. It doesn’t boil Japanese-ness down to trite generalizations. It doesn’t play to the notion of a vast, homogenous culture of uniformity and a lack of individuality. It doesn’t leave the reader with a feeling of having it all summed up. If I have one minor and very personal quibble, it is perhaps too many stories with a haafu (half-Japanese) character reflecting on how tough life is when you’re not pure Japanese. Having said that, there is not one single story I could have rejected or would suggest skipping over – they are each individually poignant and insightful. I also recommend following up on the Tomo anthology website with its blog featuring contributor interviews, information about sales proceeds, and soon-to-be-added supplementary educational materials. http://tomoanthology.blogspot.ca. I should mention a few personal connections. I lived in the Tohoku region and have many friends there. Also, an excerpt from my translation of a Japanese poem appears in the anthology and an interview appears on the blog site. Be assured I would not recommend Tomo if I had any hesitations whatsoever. In fact, I was wary when first contacted as I’d just heard of a shady fund-raising scheme capitalizing on the tragedy; contact with Holly Thompson quickly allayed my concerns. My only benefits in reviewing and recommending this book are the satisfaction of increasing awareness of Japan’s fascination, making connections with interesting people, and offering a small support to the people of Tohoku. Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: David SulzDavid is a Public Services Librarian at University of Alberta and liaison librarian to Economics, Religious Studies, and Social Work. He has university studies in Library Studies, History, Elementary Education, Japanese, and Economics; he formerly taught in schools and museums. His interests include physical activity, music, home improvements, and above all, things Japanese.

Art Imitating ArtThis article discusses the global, historical and literary references that are present in the video game franchise Bayonetta. In particular, references to Dante’s Divine Comedy, the works of Dr John Dee, and European traditions of witchcraft are examined. Bayonetta is modern in the sense that she is a woman of the world. Her character shows how history and literature may be used, re-used, and evolve into new formats, and how modern games travel abroad through time and space.Drawing creative inspiration from other works is nothing new. Ideas and themes, art and literature are frequently borrowed and recast. Carmel Cedro cites Northrop Frye in the example of William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens. These writers created stories and characters that have developed a level of acclaim and resonated with many individuals, resulting in countless homages over the years. The forms that these appropriations take vary widely. Media formats, such as film adaptations and even books, take the core characters or narrative from the original and re-work them into a different context. For example, the novel Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson published in 1883 was adapted into the 2002 Walt Disney animated film Treasure Planet. The film maintained the concepts of the original narrative and retained key characters but re-imaged them to fit the science fiction genre (Clements and Musker).The video-game franchise Bayonetta draws inspiration from distinct sources creating the foundation for the universe and some plot points to enhance the narrative. The main sources are Dante’s Divine Comedy, the projections of John Dee and his mystical practices as well as the medieval history of witches.The Vestibule: The Concept of BayonettaFigure 1: Bayonetta Concept ArtBayonetta ConceptsThe concept of Bayonetta was originally developed by video game designer Hideki Kamiya, known previously for his work including The Devil May Cry and the Resident Evil game series. The development of Bayonetta began with Kamiya requesting a character design that included three traits: a female lead, a modern witch, and four guns. This description laid the foundations for what was to become the hack and slash fantasy heroine that would come to be known as Bayonetta. "Abandon all hope ye who enter here"The Divine Comedy, written by Dante Alighieri during the 1300s, was a revolutionary piece of literature for its time, in that it was one of the first texts that formalised the vernacular Italian language by omitting the use of Latin, the academic language of the time. Dante’s work was also revolutionary in its innovative contemplations on religion, art and sciences, creating a literary collage of such depth that it would continue to inspire hundreds of years after its first publication.Figure 2: Domenico di Michelino’s fresco of Dante and his Divine Comedy, surrounded by depictions of scenes in the textBayonetta explores the themes of The Divine Comedy in a variety of ways, using them as an obvious backdrop, along with subtle homages and references scattered throughout the game. The world of Bayonetta is set in the Trinity of Realities, three realms that co-exist forming the universe: Inferno, Paradiso and the Chaos realm—realm of humans—and connected by Purgitorio—the intersection of the trinity. In the game, Bayonetta travels throughout these realms, primarily in the realm of Purgitorio, the area in which magical and divine entities may conduct their business. However, there are stages within the game where Bayonetta finds herself in Paradiso and the human realm. This is a significant factor relating to The Divine Comedy as these realms also form the areas explored by Dante in his epic poem. The depth of these parallels is not exclusive to factors in Dante’s masterpiece, as there are also references to other art and literature inspired by Dante’s legacy. For example, the character Rodin in Bayonetta runs a bar named “The Gates of Hell.” In 1917 French artist Auguste Rodin completed a sculpture, The Gates of Hell depicting scenes and characters from The Divine Comedy. Rodin’s bar in Bayonetta is manifested as a dark impressionist style of architecture, with an ominous atmosphere. In early concept art, the proprietor of the bar was to be named Mephisto (Kamiya) derived from “Mephistopheles”, another name for the devil in some mythologies. Figure 3: Auguste Rodin's Gate of Hell, 1917Aspects of Dante’s surroundings and the theological beliefs of his time can be found in Bayonetta, as well as in the 2013 anime film adaptation Bayonetta, Bloody Fate. The Christian virtues, revered during the European Middle Ages, manifest themselves as enemies and adversaries that Bayonetta must combat throughout the game. Notably, the names of the cardinal virtues serve as “boss ranked” foes. Enemies within a game, usually present at the end of a level and more difficult to defeat than regular enemies within “Audito Sphere” of the “Laguna Hierarchy” (high levels of the hierarchy within the game), are named in Italian; Fortitudo, Temperantia, Lustitia, and Sapientia. These are the virtues of Classical Greek Philosophy, and reflect Dante’s native language as well as the impact the philosophies of Ancient Greece had on his writings. The film adaption of Bayonetta incorporated many elements from the game. To adjust the game effectively, it was necessary to augment the plot in order to fit the format of this alternate media. As it was no longer carried by gameplay, the narrative became paramount. The diverse plot points of the new narrative allowed for novel possibilities for further developing the role of The Divine Comedy in Bayonetta. At the beginning of the movie, for example, Bayonetta enters as a nun, just as she does in the game, only here she is in church praying rather than in a graveyard conducting a funeral. During her prayer she recites “I am the way into the city of woe, abandon all hope, oh, ye who enter here,” which is a Canto of The Divine Comedy. John Dee and the AngelsDr John Dee (1527—1608), a learned man of Elizabethan England, was a celebrated philosopher, mathematician, scientist, historian, and teacher. In addition, he was a researcher of magic and occult arts, as were many of his contemporaries. These philosopher magicians were described as Magi and John Dee was the first English Magus (French). He was part of a school of study within the Renaissance intelligensia that was influenced by the then recently discovered works of the gnostic Hermes Trismegistus, thought to be of great antiquity. This was in an age when religion, philosophy and science were intertwined. Alchemy and chemistry were still one, and astronomers, such as Johannes Kepler and Tyco Brahe cast horoscopes. John Dee engaged in spiritual experiments that were based in his Christian faith but caused him to be viewed in some circles as dangerously heretical (French).Based on the texts of Hermes Trismegistas and other later Christian philosophical and theological writers such as Dionysius the Areopagite, Dee and his contemporaries believed in celestial hierarchies and levels of existence. These celestial hierarchies could be accessed by “real artificial magic,” or applied science, that included mathematics, and the cabala, or the mystical use of permutations of Hebrew texts, to access supercelestial powers (French). In his experiments in religious magic, Dee was influenced by the occult writings of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486—1535). In Agrippa’s book, De Occulta Philosophia, there are descriptions for seals, symbols and tables for summoning angels, to which Dee referred in his accounts of his own magic experiments (French). Following his studies, Dee constructed a table with a crystal placed on it. By use of suitable rituals prescribed by Agrippa and others, Dee believed he summoned angels within the crystal, who could be seen and conversed with. Dee did not see these visions himself, but conversed with the angels through a skryer, or medium, who saw and heard the celestial beings. Dee recorded his interviews in his “Spiritual Diaries” (French). Throughout Bayonetta there are numerous seals and devices that would appear to be inspired by the work of Dee or other Renaissance Magi.In these sessions, John Dee, through his skryer Edward Kelley, received instruction from several angels. The angels led him to believe he was to be a prophet in the style of the biblical Elijah or, more specifically like Enoch, whose prophesies were detailed in an ancient book that was not part of the Bible, but was considered by many scholars as divinely inspired. As a result, these experiments have been termed “Enochian conversations.” The prophesies received by Dee foretold apocalyptic events that were to occur soon and God’s plan for the world. The angels also instructed Dee in a system of magic to allow him to interpret the prophesies and participate in them as a form of judge. Importantly, Dee was also taught elements of the supposed angelic language, which came to be known as “Enochian” (Ouellette). Dee wrote extensively about his interviews with the angels and includes statements of their hierarchy (French, Ouellette). This is reflected in the “Laguna Hierarchy” of Bayonetta, sharing similarities in name and appearance of the angels Dee had described. Platinum Games creative director Jean-Pierre Kellams acted as writer and liaison, assisting the English adaptation of Bayonetta and was tasked by Hideki Kamiya to develop Bayonetta’s incantations and subsequently the language of the angels within the game (Kellams).The Hammer of WitchesOne of the earliest and most integral components of the Bayonetta franchise is the fact that the title character is a witch. Witches, sorcerers and other practitioners of magic have been part of folklore for centuries. Hideki Kamiya stated that the concept of” classical witches” was primarily a European legend. In order to emulate this European dimension, he had envisioned Bayonetta as having a British accent which resulted in the game being released in English first, even though Platinum Games is a Japanese company (Kamiya). The Umbra Witch Clan hails from Europe within the Bayonetta Universe and relates more closely to the traditional European medieval witch tradition (Various), although some of the charms Bayonetta possesses acknowledge the witches of different parts of the world and their cultural context. The Evil Harvest Rosary is said to have been created by a Japanese witch in the game. Bayonetta herself and other witches of the game use their hair as a conduit to summon demons and is known as “wicked weaves” within the game. She also creates her tight body suit out of her hair, which recedes when she decides to use a wicked weave. Using hair in magic harks back to a legend that witches often utilised hair in their rituals and spell casting (Guiley). It is also said that women with long and beautiful hair were particularly susceptible to being seduced by Incubi, a form of demon that targets sleeping women for sexual intercourse. According to some texts (Kramer), witches formed into the beings that they are through consensual sex with a devil, as stated in Malleus Maleficarum of the 1400s, when he wrote that “Modern Witches … willingly embrace this most foul and miserable form of servitude” (Kramer). Bayonetta wields her sexuality as proficiently as she does any weapon. This lends itself to the belief that women of such a seductive demeanour were consorts to demons.Purgitorio is not used in the traditional sense of being a location of the afterlife, as seen in The Divine Comedy, rather it is depicted as a dimension that exists concurrently within the human realm. Those who exist within this Purgitorio cannot be seen with human eyes. Bayonetta’s ability to enter and exit this space with the use of magic is likened to the myth that witches were known to disappear for periods of time and were purported to be “spirited away” from the human world (Kamiya).Recipes for gun powder emerge from as early as the 1200s but, to avoid charges of witchcraft due to superstitions of the time, they were hidden by inventors such as Roger Bacon (McNab). The use of “Bullet Arts” in Bayonetta as the main form of combat for Umbra Witches, and the fact that these firearm techniques had been honed by witches for centuries before the witch hunts, implies that firearms were indeed used by dark magic practitioners until their “discovery” by ordinary humans in the Bayonetta universe. In addition to this, that “Lumen Sages” are not seen to practice bullet arts, builds on the idea of guns being a practice of black magic. “Lumen Sages” are the Light counterpart and adversaries of the Umbra Witches in Bayonetta. The art of Alchemy is incorporated into Bayonetta as a form of witchcraft. Players may create their own health, vitality, protective and mana potions through a menu screen. This plays on the taboo of chemistry and alchemy of the 1500s. As mentioned, John Dee's tendency to dabble in such practices was considered by some to be heretical (French, Ouellette).Light and dark forces are juxtaposed in Bayonetta through the classic adversaries, Angels and Demons. The moral flexibility of both the light and dark entities in the game leaves the principles of good an evil in a state of ambiguity, which allows for uninhibited flow in the story and creates a non-linear and compelling narrative. Through this non-compliance with the pop culture counterparts of light and dark, gamers are left to question the foundations of old cultural norms. This historical context lends itself to the Bayonetta story not only by providing additional plot points, but also by justifying the development decisions that occur in order to truly flesh out Bayonetta’s character.ConclusionCompelling story line, characters with layered personality, and the ability to transgress boundaries of time and travel are all factors that provide a level of depth that has become an increasingly important aspect in modern video gameplay. Gamers love “Easter eggs,” the subtle references and embellishments scattered throughout a game that make playing games like Bayonetta so enjoyable. Bayonetta herself is a global traveller whose journeying is not limited to “abroad.” She transgresses cultural, time, and spatial boundaries. The game is a mosaic of references to spatial time dimensions, literary, and historical sources. This mix of borrowings has produced an original gameplay and a unique storyline. Such use of literature, mythology, and history to enhance the narrative creates a quest game that provides “meaningful play” (Howard). This process of creation of new material from older sources is a form of renewal. As long as contemporary culture presents literature and history to new audiences, the older texts will not be forgotten, but these elements will undergo a form of renewal and restoration and the present-day culture will be enhanced as a result. In the words of Bayonetta herself: “As long as there’s music, I’ll keep on dancing.”ReferencesCedro, Carmel. "Dolly Varden: Sweet Inspiration." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 2.1 (2012): 37-46. French, Peter J. John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus. London: London, Routledge and K. Paul, 1972. Guiley, Rosemary. The Encyclopedia of Demons and Demonology. Infobase Publishing, 2009. Howard, Jeff. Quests: Design, Theory, and History in Games and Narratives. Wellesley, Mass.: A.K. Peters, 2008. Kamiya, Hideki.Bayonetta. Bayonetta. Videogame. Sega, Japan, 2009.Kellams, Jean-Pierre. "Butmoni Coronzon (from the Mouth of the Witch)." Platinum Games 2009.Kramer, Heinrich. The Malleus Maleficarum of Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger. Eds. Sprenger, Jakob, or joint author, and Montague Summers. New York: Dover, 1971.McNab, C. Firearms: The Illustrated Guide to Small Arms of the World. Parragon, 2008.Ouellette, Francois. "Prophet to the Elohim: John Dee's Enochian Conversations as Christian Apocalyptic Discourse." Master of Arts thesis. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2004.Treasure Planet. The Walt Disney Company, 2003.Various. "Bayonetta Wikia." 2016.

Ce manuscrit de thèse décrit la conception, l’élaboration et l’étude de complexes organofers électro-actifs dans lesquels deux unités terminales Cp*(dppe)FeII/III sont reliés par un pont fonctionnel. Dans le premier chapitre, nous avons présenté une réaction à la fois originale et efficace catalysée par le Pd(0) qui permet d’accèder à la [5,5’-{(Cp*(dppe)Fe–C≡C}2-(μ-2,2’-bipy)]. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur la présentation d’une voie de synthèse rapide et efficace du métallo-ligand [6,6’-{Cp*(dppe)Fe–C≡C}2-(μ-2,2’-bipy)]. Le troisième chapitre de ce mémoire est consacré à l’utilisation du ligand 1’,1’’’-bis(éthynyle)biferrocényle comme pont entre deux terminaisons électroactives Cp*(dppe)FeII/III. L’espaceur électro-actif joue le rôle de relais moléculaire favorisant le transfert électronique d’une terminaison à l’autre par sauts successifs. Afin d’ajuster les potentiels redox des terminaisons par rapport à ceux du biferrocényle, les terminaisons Cp(PPh3)2M (M = Ru, Os) ont également été utilisées pour substituer un ou deux sites organofers. Le chapitre quatre est dédié aux travaux réalisés sur le système hybride Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C-TTMe3. Dans cette molécule, le site Cp*(dppe)FeII/III interagit à travers le pont acétylure avec le fragment tétrathiafulvalényle. La nouvelle molécule est stable sous trois degrés d’oxydation. L’espèce monocationique se comporte comme un composé à valence mixte de classe II et le couplage électronique entre les deux électrophores a été déterminé (Hab = 320 cm-1). Dans le cinquième et dernier chapitre nous mettrons à profit la découverte d’une réaction d’activation de la liaison C-H du groupement méthyle situé sur le même cycle du TTF et de l’acétylure de fer dans le composé [Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C-TTMe3](PF6)3. Cette réaction permet la synthèse du complexe moléculaire multifonctionnel [Cp*(dppe)Fe=C=C=TTFMe2=CH-CH=TTFMe2=C=C=Fe(dppe)Cp*][PF6]2 avec de très bon rendement. Les propriétés physicochimiques de ce nouveau complexe analysées avec le support de la chimie quantique permettent de révéler les caractéristiques originales de ce composé inédit<br>This thesis highlights the conception, synthesis and studies of redox-active organoiron complexes in which the two termini Cp*(dppe)FeII/III are linked by a functional bridge. In chapter I, an original and efficient synthetic Pd(0) catalysed homocoupling procedure is reported involving mononuclear organoiron(II) intermediates allowing us to isolate [5,5’-{Cp*(dppe)Fe–C≡C}2-(μ-2,2’-bipy)]. In chapter II, a rapid and efficient synthetic access to the redox-active metallo-ligand [6,6’-{cp*(dppe)Fe–C≡C}2-(μ-2,2’-bipy)] is described. In chapter III, the synthesis and properties of a series of complexes containing bis(ethynyl)biferrocene as a bridge between different redoxactive groups is pointed out. The redox bridge acts as a molecular relay for the electronic exchange between the termini via an electron hopping pathway. In order to tune the redox potential compared with those of biferrocene, one or two organoiron groups have been substituted by the Cp(PPh3)2M (M = Ru, Os) groups. In chapter IV, works are dedicated to the hybrid system Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C-TTMe3. In this molecule, electronic interactions take place between the Cp*(dppe)FeII/III center and the tetrathiafulvalene core through the ethynyl bridge. The new molecule is stable under three redox states. The mono-oxidized species behaves as a mixed valence species with an electronic coupling Hab = 320 cm-1 between the two electrophores. In the fifth and final chapter, the discovery of a CH bond activation of a methyl group located on the same cycle of the TTF core and the iron acetylide for the compound [Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C-TTMe3](PF6)3 is reported. This new reaction allows the synthesis of the multicomponent molecule [Cp*(dppe)Fe=C=C=TTFMe2=CH-CH=TTFMe2=C=C=Fe(dppe)Cp*][PF6]2 in good yield. The resulting device displays specific properties analysed with the support of the quantum chemistry

Les protéines de liaison à l’ARN PUMILIO 1 et 2 (PUM1/2) exercent un rôle central dans le maintien des cellules souches chez les Invertébrés en se fixant, en association avec des partenaires protéiques, sur la région 3’ UTR de certains ARNm, régulant ainsi leur devenir. A ce jour, le rôle de PUM1/2 dans les cellules souches/progénitrices hématopoïétiques (CSPHs) a été peu étudié. La perte de la coordination entre auto-renouvellement et différenciation des CSPHs peut aboutir à des hémopathies chez l'Homme, d’où la nécessité de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents. Notre équipe a mis en évidence, par une approche de shARN, que l’invalidation des protéines PUM1/2 dans les CSHs humaines et murines conduit à une réduction de leur expansion, associée à une apoptose accrue et un arrêt du cycle cellulaire en phase G0/G1, et aussi à une perte du potentiel clonogénique in vitro et du potentiel de reconstitution in vivo. L’objectif de notre travail a consisté à : a/ évaluer les effets de la surexpression de PUM1/2 dans les CSPHs, b/ déterminer l’implication de PUM1/2 dans les processus leucémiques, c/ étudier les mécanismes moléculaires responsables de l’activité de PUM1/2 en identifiant les cibles et les partenaires protéiques par une approche de protéomique globale. Nos résultats suggèrent qu’une surexpression modérée de PUM1 (2/3 fois) dans les cellules CD34+ limite la perte du potentiel clonogénique alors qu’une expression plus élevée (5/10 fois et plus) est toxique. L’analyse de l’expression de PUM1/2 par RT-qPCR dans les échantillons de Leucémies Aigue Myeloïdes (LAM) (GOELAMSthèque) montre une augmentation significative dans les échantillons les plus immatures (LAM0-2) comparés aux contrôles sains. La perte de PUM1/2 par shARN dans les cellules primaires de leucémies ainsi que dans des lignées issues de différents processus leucémiques réduit fortement leur survie. La recherche des partenaires associés à PUM par spectrométrie de masse a permis de découvrir Argonaute2 et MOV10 (tous les 2 impliqués dans la machinerie des miRNA), ainsi que des protéines de liaison aux ARNs, ELAV1 déjà connue pour son implication dans le maintien des CSH murines et IMP3, impliqué dans de nombreux cancers et dans la régulation du cycle cellulaire. L’invalidation de IMP3 ou ELAV1 dans les CSPHs conduisent, in vitro, aux mêmes effets observés avec la perte du PUM 1/2, une diminution de l’expansion avec une augmentation de l’apoptose, et la perte du potentiel clonogénique. Enfin, nous avons identifié FoxP1 (Forkhead box P1) comme nouvelle cible directe de PUM1/2, dont le rôle est encore très peu décrit dans l’hématopoïèse. L’étude fonctionnelle de FoxP1 sur les CSPHs par shARN mime les effets observés avec les facteurs PUM1/2. De plus, la surexpression de FoxP1 restaure partiellement les activités antiprolifératives et pro-apoptotiques générées par les shPUM1/2. Enfin, le profil d’expression de FoxP1 dans les LAM corrèle avec le profil d’expression de PUM1/2. Nos résultats confirment le rôle majeur joué par les protéines PUM1/2 en partie via la régulation positive de FoxP1 qui contribue au maintien les CSPHs normales et pathologiques<br>Pumilio 1 and 2 (PUM1/2) RNA-binding proteins exert a central role in stem cell maintenance among Invertebrates by binding the 3'UTR of mRNA targets in association with protein partners, thus regulating mRNA stability/translation. Nothing is known regarding normal and pathologic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Loss of coordination between self-renewal and differentiation of HSPCs can lead to leukemia in humans, hence the need to understand the mechanisms. Our team has highlighted the fundamental role played by the post-transcriptional regulators Pumilio (PUM) 1/2 on normal HSPC properties. By a shRNA approach, PUM 1/2 knockdown in human and murine HSPCs leads to: a/ a reduced expansion associated with an increased apoptosis and a cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, b/ the loss of their clonogenic capacity and their in vivo reconstitution potential. The objective of our work is to: a/ evaluate the effects of PUM 1/2 overexpression in HSPC, b/ determine PUM1/2 involvement in leukemic processes; c/ investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible of PUM activity in HSPC by identifying protein targets and partners. Our results showed that a moderate overexpression of PUM1 (2 to 3 fold) in normal CD34+ HSPCs limits the loss of their clonogenic potential, while a higher expression (5 to 10 fold or more) is toxic. The expression analysis of PUM1/2 transcripts in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (GOELAMSthèque) showed a significant increase in the most immature samples (AML0-2) as compared to healthy controls. PUM1/2 knockdown by shRNA in AML cells significantly reduced their survival. The same effect was observed in cell lines from several leukemic processes. We identified various PUM-associated partners by mass spectrometry, Argonaute2 and MOV10 (involved in the miRNA machinery), and the RNA-binding proteins IMP3 (involved in several cancer and in cell cycle regulation) and HuR/ELAV1 (already known to be involved in murine HSPCs maintenance). IMP3 or ELAV1 knockdown in HSPCs in vitro lead to the same effect of a PUM1/2 invalidation, a decreased expansion with an increased apoptosis and the loss of clonogenic potential. Finally, we identify the forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) transcription factor as a new direct target up-regulated by PUM1 and PUM2. Functional study of FoxP1 knockdown by shRNA in HSPCs mimic PUM1/2 activities. Moreover, FOXP1 overexpression partially rescued shPUM antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Also, the PUM1/2 and FOXP1 expression levels in leukemic primary cells were measured by RT-qPCR and revealed a positive correlation. Our results reveal that PUM1/2 are direct positive regulators of FOXP1 which contributes to the maintenance of normal and leukemic HSPCs

Du gène à la protéine, l'étude des régulations de l'expression des gènes n'a fait que mieux révéler la complexité du monde eucaryote. Les mécanismes post transcriptionnels ont un rôle fondamental indiscutable. Une queue poly(A) est mise en place à l'extrémité de presque tous les ARNm après transcription. Elle joue un rôle important dans le contrôle de la stabilité et de la traduction des ARNm. C'est par la famille des protéines de liaison à la queue poly(A) (PABP) que la queue poly(A) intervient dans l'expression génique. Nous avons montré chez la levure que la PABP n'intervient pas seulement dans l'initiation de la traduction mais aussi dans la dernière étape de la synthèse protéique via son interaction avec le facteur de terminaison de la traduction eRF3. La PABP interagit in vivo avec eRF3 chez les eucaryotes, de la levure à l'homme, suggérant que la fonction associée à cette interaction dans la terminaison de la traduction est conservée. Nous avons caractérisé une nouvelle PABP de classe I chez le Xénope, appelée ePABP pour PABP embryonnaire. EPABP est capable de substituer fonctionnellement le gène levure PAB1. L'analyse du profil d'expression des protéines PABP de Xenope (ePABP et PABP1) au cours du développement précoce et dans les tissus adultes révèle une expression différente pour ces deux protéines. Nous proposons différents rôles clefs que peuvent jouer ces protéines dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes au cours du développement. La surproduction du facteur de terminaison eRF3 seul dans des cellules humaines en culture est sans effet sur la terminaison, mais elle modifie l'abondance de certains ARNm. L'effet de la surexpression d'eRF3 est différent en fonction du promoteur, suggérant un rôle d'eRF3 via la transcription ou un mécanisme couplé. De plus, nos analyses de localisation d'eRF3 n'ont pas permis de détecter cette protéine dans le noyau, suggérant que l'effet d'eRF3 est cytoplasmique et donc probablement indirect.

Dans les cellules eucaryotes, l'expression des gènes est régulée à de multiples étapes. Les régulations post-transcriptionnelles regroupent l'ensemble des contrôles qui s'exercent sur un ARN, en particulier sa maturation nucléaire, sa stabilité et son contrôle traductionnel. Les protéines de liaison aux ARN sont des acteurs majeurs de ces régulations post-transcriptionnelles. Les protéines CELF1 et ELAVL1, abondantes et quasiment ubiquitaires, participent à ces différents niveaux de régulation et sont susceptibles de modifier le devenir des transcrits. Au cours de ces travaux, nous avons étudié l'impact de CELF1 sur l'abondance et la maturation des ARN par des approches transcriptomiques. Nous avons classé les transcrits en fonction de leurs réponses aux différentes inactivations. L'ensemble de ces données montre que i) CELF1 et ELAVL1 ont des rôles bivalents, leur déplétion étant associée à une répression ou une activation de certains gènes ; ii) dans des cellules HeLa, les effets des différentes déplétions sont majoritairement des effets indirects ; iii) CELF1 et ELAVL1 ont très majoritairement le même effet sur l'abondance des ARNm qu'elles contrôlent directement ; iv) CELF1 et ELAVL1 ont le plus souvent des effets coopératifs ou redondants sur l'abondance des transcrits liés. L'effet combinatoire de CELF1 et ELAVL1 dépend de l'ARNm considéré, révélant une complexité des régulations post-transcriptionnelles critiques pour le devenir d'une cellule<br>In eukaryotic cells, after transcription gene expression is controlled at multiple steps. These qualitative and quantitative post-transcriptional regulations are specified by RNA binding proteins (RBP). By combining transcriptomic analysis and binding site information for CELF1, we showed that CELF1 regulates both nuclear and cytoplasmic steps of gene expression. CELF1 directly controls the stability of cyclin D1 mRNA and the splicing of several RNA including KLC1 (light chain kinesin 1). Because mRNAs are in complexes consisting of multiple RBP we studied whether CELF1 and ELAVL1 would interact and control the abundance of their bound mRNAs. This analysis unravel a surprising redundancy or cooperativity of CELF1 and ELAVL1. The combinatorial effects of CELF1 and ELAVL1 were highly dependent on the considered RNA. Interestingly, we showed that both proteins cooperate and interact physically

L'ezrine appartient a la superfamille de la proteine 4. 1, dont les proteines servent de lien entre le cytosquelette d'actine et la membrane plasmique. Ce travail a pour objectif d'etudier quelques determinants structuraux de l'ezrine, et les consequences qu'ils ont quant a la fonction de cette proteine. Nous avons determiner le site d'interaction du pip2 dans la partie amino-terminale de l'ezrine. Ce site est constitue de deux sous-domaines localises entre les acides amines 13-115 et 230-310. Ils sont constitues de motifs riches en lysine de sequence kk(x) 7k situes au niveau des acides amines 63 et 253. La proteine mutee au niveau du site de liaison du pip2 reste fonctionnelle et dans une conformation proche de celle de l'ezrine de type sauvage. La liaison de nombreux partenaires, determines comme ne dependant pas de la liaison du pip2 reste inchangee, alors que la liaison de cd44, un recepteur aux hyaluronans, avec l'ezrine mutee devient independante du pip2. La transfection de l'ezrine mutee dans les cellules fibroblastiques cos1 et epitheliales a431 montrent une localisation cytoplasmique de la proteine alors que l'ezrine de type sauvage se localise dans les structures de surface riches en actine. Cette forme d'ezrine mutee apparait, de plus, incapable de restaurer la polymerisation d'actine a la surface membranaire de phagosomes, polymerisation induite par la presence d'ezrine de type sauvage et de pip2. Le pip2 peut permettre l'ancrage de l'ezrine a la membrane ou son activation. Dans une conformation ouverte, ou tout au moins en presence de pip2, l'ezrine est phosphorylee par la proteine p160rock, un effecteur de rhoa, dans sa partie amino-terminale. En absence de pip2, l'ezrine peut etre phosphorylee par une autre kinase, la pka, au niveau d'une threonine specifique de l'ezrine, pouvant ainsi determiner un role unique de l'ezrine parmi les proteines erm.

Les rhabdomyosarcomes embryonnaires et aléolaires (RMS) appartiennent aux tumeurs des tissus mous les plus fréquentes chez les enfants dont elles représentent 2/3 des cas. Plusieurs données suggèrent que la dérégulation des cellules progénitrices du muscle squelettique pourrait jouer un rôle dans l'émergence des cellules de RMS qui ont aussi bien perdu le contrôle de la régulation de la prolifération cellulaire que la capacité à se différencier.Néanmoins les mécanismes de développement des RMS restent à caractériser. La famille des IMPs et notamment IMP-2, protéines liant les ARN, sont à la fois fortement exprimées dans le muscle en régénération in vivo mais aussi dans les cellules de RMS.Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai pu mettre en évidence le rôle d'IMP-2 dans la motilité des cellules de RMS et dans les cellules musculaires ainsi que dans le contrôle de l'intégrité du cytosquelette de microtubules (MTs) et dans le remodelage des adhésions focales. En effet, IMP-2 est impliqué à la fois dans la régulation de l'expression de MuRF-3, une protéine lié àla stabilisation des MTs et de Pinch-2, un important médiateur de l'adhésion cellulaire.

Les rhabdomyosarcomes embryonnaires et aléolaires (RMS) appartiennent aux tumeurs des tissus mous les plus fréquentes chez les enfants dont elles représentent 2/3 des cas. Plusieurs données suggèrent que la dérégulation des cellules progénitrices du muscle squelettique pourrait jouer un rôle dans l'émergence des cellules de RMS qui ont aussi bien perdu le contrôle de la régulation de la prolifération cellulaire que la capacité à se différencier.Néanmoins les mécanismes de développement des RMS restent à caractériser. La famille des IMPs et notamment IMP-2, protéines liant les ARN, sont à la fois fortement exprimées dans le muscle en régénération in vivo mais aussi dans les cellules de RMS.Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai pu mettre en évidence le rôle d’IMP-2 dans la motilité des cellules de RMS et dans les cellules musculaires ainsi que dans le contrôle de l’intégrité du cytosquelette de microtubules (MTs) et dans le remodelage des adhésions focales. En effet, IMP-2 est impliqué à la fois dans la régulation de l’expression de MuRF-3, une protéine lié àla stabilisation des MTs et de Pinch-2, un important médiateur de l’adhésion cellulaire<br>The RNA-binding proteins IMPs (IGF-II mRNA binding protein) first discovered in rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RMS) are expressed during embryonic development but their expression is decreased in adult tissues.We showed that IMPs and particularly IMP-2 are strongly expressed in mouse myoblatsts, during early regeneration of skeletal muscle in vivo and in and RMS. IMP-2 loss of function experiments using siRNA have shown that IMP-2 is necessary for microtubules stability(MTs), cell motility and invasion of myoblasts and RMS.Expression of IMP-2 specifically increases MTs stability by an enrichment of detyrosinated tubulin Glu-tubulin. Detyrosination is indispensable for myogenic differentiation and plays substantial role in tumor growth. Additionaly, MTs stabilization play an important role in focal adhesion remodeling, in cytoskeleton integrity, cell adhesion and cell motility.To get new insight into molecular mechanism underlying the function of IMP-2 in MTs stability and cell motility, full ranscriptome analysis was performed between IMP-2 knockdown (KD) myoblasts and control myoblatsts. We have further shown that IMP-2 controls the mRNA levels of many important mediators of cell adhesion such as PINCH-2, as well as multiple cytoskeleton remodeling, such as MuRF-3.We have identified a number of functionally relevant protein partners of IMP-2.Moreover subsequent RNAi screens have revealed the importance of IMP-2 regulated transcripts involved in cell motility and cell adhesion In conclusion, we show that IMP-2 dependent regulation of mRNA such as MuRF3 and PINCH2 largely contributes to the motility –deficient in IMP-2 KD cells. Moreover these results indicate clearly, that further analysis of IMP2 protein partners and RNA targets regulated by IMP-2 will help to characterized the function of IMP-2 and to propose a model of IMP-2 transcriptional regulation of gene expression in myoblasts and RMS cells

Dans les structures dites « à barres » les propriétés mécaniques des assemblages sont susceptibles d'influence non négligeables sur tous les aspects du compromettante mécanique d'ensembles ? Dans ce contexte, le présent travail propose un ensemble numérique d'analyse par éléments finis du comportement quasi statique non linéaire des structures métalliques planes à histoire de changement arbitraires en présence de liaisons semi-rigides ; L'ensemble procède en description Lagrangienne actualisée actualisé approchée. Le comportement non linéaire est décrit par la méthode de Newton-Raphson en conjonction avec des techniques de pilotage de Crisfield par longueurs d'arc imposées. La formulation associe un élément fini de barre original calculé à partir de le forme non linéaire complète de l'expression du principe des travaux virtuels, une loi d'interaction moment-effort normal multilinéaire, et divers modèles de comportement non linéaire des liaisons. Le couplage noeuds-liaisons-barres utilise une matrice dite « de connexion » qui simplifie l'algorithme d'itération à l'équilibre sans adjonction de variables nodales spécifiques. La validité et l'intérêt des modèles proposés sont montés sur des exemples en analyse élastique et post élastique au premier et second ordre<br>In framework structures, the mechanical properties of joints can considerably influence the whole mechanical behaviour. In this context, a numerical finite element analysis software package is proposed for the study of the quasi static non linear behaviour of steel plane structure with arbitrary loading condition and semi rigid connection. The approximated and updated Lagrangian description is used. The Newton-Raphson method in conjunction with the Crisfield's arc-length methods allowing limit points to be « passed automatically » is used to describe the whole reponse for problems with geometrical and material non linearity. In the formulation, a special beam-column finite element obtained form the complete non linear form of the virtual work principle is associated with a multi linear moment-axial force interaction low and with some models of non linear connections. A so called connection matrix is built to deal with the coupling effects between nodes connections and beam columns. This matrix simplifies the interactive equilibrium algorithm without any specific addition nodal parameter. The validity and interest of the proposed models are shown using some examples with elastic and post elastic behaviour following first and second order analysis

Member States started adopting carrier liability regulations from the mid-1980s, seemingly as a direct response to increasing numbers of asylum requests, with immigration liaison officer (ILO) schemes proliferating afterwards. Techniques of ‘remote control’ have now been communautarised, providing an additional layer of control. Both carriers and ILOs have privileged access to migrants bound to the EU already at the pre-entry phase. Making them responsible for the anticipated enforcement of visas has the potential to block lines of regular (and safe) access to those in need of international protection. This chapter is concerned with these developments. It analyses carrier sanctions and ILOs legislation, comparing the EU regime with its international counterparts. The review encompasses the pre- and post-Schengen periods as well as recent innovations concerning the automated treatment and transfer of advance passenger information (API) and the creation of ‘Frontex liaison officers’. The impact of carrier sanctions and ILO activities on refugee flows is scrutinized at the end, pointing at a structural incompatibility of advance border enforcement, through a model of ‘imperfect delegation’/’hidden coercion’, with basic guarantees against denial of entry.

This book explores manifestations of same-sex love and attraction in the popular music landscape of contemporary Russia by focusing on performers, songs, spectacles, and audiences that in many ways served as embodied and audible instances of both homosexuality and homoeroticism. Drawing on a combination of theory and ethnography, the book highlights the corporeality of the homosexual self in post-Soviet, Russian space. It argues that Russian homosexuality in the first decade of the twenty-first century must be understood as bound up with embodiment—a term indicating a mode of experience of one's self, located culturally, spatially, temporally, and in relation to others, as a sentient, material, corporeal being. The book also shows that, in addition to sexual liaisons, the act of socializing with other gay men, either in private or public spaces, as well as in the growing area of cyberspace, is important to Russian gay men. This introduction explains the book's methodology and scope of study and provides an overview of the chapters it contains.

Jean-Claude Dunyach, born in 1957, has published more than a hundred short stories in a career of over thirty years. He belongs to a generation of contemporary French science-fiction writers that includes figures such as Roland C. Wagner, Emmanuel Jouanne, and Jean-Marc Ligny. At a time when French science fiction was struggling to explore new ways of storytelling influenced by surrealism or the Nouveau Roman, this generation has given science fiction new life by mixing a hard-science approach with the supernatural, fantasy and the fantastic, while paying glowing tributes to authors of the Golden Age of Anglo-Saxon sf: Duntach’s influences include Samuel Delany, Ray Bradbury, and more particularly, J. G. Ballard. The specificity of Dunyach consists of making metaphysical concepts tangible for the reader by giving them a symbolic substance: time itself becomes tangible as a sea of sand, stone, ashes, sea water; love stories can be petrified as semiprecious stones and worn as trophies—even the universe itself complies as a sheet of paper or a piece of cloth that can be creased. The characters in his short stories are hurt or twisted, often with cracks in their past, but they still act as links between the individual and the collective: for Dunyach, any kind of system—in particular a political one—can be defined by the way it deals with marginality. Dunyach favors an individual point of view for a better detection of the system’s weaknesses (cities, societies, religions, or relationships with time and death). In that respect, the most accomplished characters in his work are the “AnimalCities”: these living, extraterrestrial, city-shaped animals made of flesh and cartilage travel through space from node to node on the web of the universe. Their symbiotic liaison with humanity gradually leads humans to understand the global nature of reality.

Poet, storyteller, and essayist Marilou Awiakta explores the intersection of traditional and modern Appalachian life by blending her Appalachian and Cherokee heritages with the legacy of post–World War II nuclear energy research in her hometown of Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Born Marilou Bonham in Knoxville to a family with Scots-Irish and Native American roots reaching back to the 1730s, Awiakta (her middle name) was raised with an awareness of social and environmental responsibility. When Awiakta was nine, her family moved to Oak Ridge, where her father agreed to work for two years in the nuclear facility, known locally as “the secret city.” After graduating from the University of Tennessee in 1958, Awiakta moved to France with her husband, a physician with the US Air Force. While there, she worked as a liaison and translator for the base....

Chapter 1 elaborates upon the relationship between the native intellectual’s vexed masculinity, analyzing reportage as a form of bodily knowledge indicative of the post-mandarin’s uncertain sexuality. The chapter focuses on Tam Lang and Thạch Lam’s writings on prostitution, a recurring theme in Vietnamese reportage. These native male chroniclers persistently gazed at commercial sex workers who were sexually intimate with European men. The prospects of such liaisons were threatening in so far as they gave Vietnamese women access to modern culture, while the male Vietnamese observers remained excluded from modernization, despite their active pursuit of modern knowledge. The chapter argues that reportage is not merely a case of the colonized subject writing back against the colonizer, but that it also points to the post-mandarin’s ambiguous masculinity and authorial predicament in the triangular relationship between the European male figure and the Vietnam sex worker.

This chapter discusses two contrasted processes that take plce in Europe today: On one hand, religion is perceived as a main dimension that organises social and political life at the global level, and, on the other hand, national identity and the nation-state is re-emerging as the main community of allegiance and belonging in a post-industrial society. I am arguing that actually both processes find their roots in the re-organisation of the political and symbolic world order that took place in 1989 with the collapse of Communism. They are of course conveniently supported and fuelled by the recent socio-economic crisis in Europe, which has intensified inequalities both within and between countries making citizens increasingly worried about their future.

Older people presenting to acute care hospitals are at risk of developing adverse events. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in acute care provides standardized assessment and management of geriatric problems. The emergency department is a common point of entry, and strategies that focus on enhancing expertise, equipment, policies, and protocols are helpful. The geriatric consultation service model is commonly deployed, and the geriatric evaluation and management unit (GEMU) is a common ward-based model. The acute care for elders (ACE) unit model is associated with fewer adverse events, less functional decline, shorter hospital length of stay, lower institutionalization risk, and lower cost. The senior friendly hospital (SFH) model requires further studies to confirm its effectiveness. A number of geriatric post-discharge liaison services can smooth the transition of older people returning to the community. Overall these models of care are not mutually exclusive, but together they comprise the best practice for older people.

Globally increasing numbers of older people bring both challenges and opportunities for old age psychiatry services. This chapter outlines the history, underlying principles, and policy context for contemporary mental health services for older people. It discusses components of services, including community health teams, memory assessment services, consultation-liaison psychiatry, and in-patient mental health care, as well as newer types of service, such as crisis teams and outreach to care homes. Other recent developments include various models of case management and emphasis on post-diagnostic support. Equally important are issues of equality and access, and the chapter covers several key areas, such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion and spirituality, and rurality. Major challenges to old age psychiatry come from limited resources and non-recognition of the distinct needs of older adults, as well as the demands of the growing older population, advances in science and technology, and the need to attract talented psychiatrists into this field.

Chapter 12 moves to so-called era of Roman Athens, though this term can also be applied to the city from a century earlier. Augustus and Athens had a rocky relationship at the outset, with the city angering the emperor and having to work to ingratiate itself. Augustus then showed a tolerant attitude toward the city, giving it money to complete the Roman Agora, and Athens was also able to draw on wealthy individuals to fund other projects, with Agrippa also building an odeum in the Agora. Roman visitors continued traveling and studying in the city. After an economic slump there was a rise in prosperity, evidenced by a rise in exports and the flourishing of the port of Piraeus. Culture continued, as did Romans availing themselves of it. But a clear sign of Roman mastery was the introduction of the imperial cult into the city, and the building of a temple to the goddess Roma and Augustus on the Acropolis, the home of the patron deity Athena. One wealthy patron was Julius Nicanor, who acted as some sort of liaison between Athens and Augustus.