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Campbell, Kate Lermitte. "Thought, perception and the creative act : a study of the work of four contemporary French poets, Pierre Alferi, Valère Novarina, Anne Portugal and Christophe Tarkos." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2c3c572e-1419-4835-a0ce-ed4e721da0d0.
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In this thesis I suggest that the work of the four contemporary poets studied manifests the vital role perceptual experience plays in the creation of literary texts. I engage primarily in the analysis of particular texts in order to argue for a shift in critical focus away from the explicit manipulation or exteriorization of the physical aspects of poetry (for example versification and explicit visual presentation) in order to concentrate on the role sensory aspects of thought play within it. Emphasis is therefore put on the way these poets draw from sensory experience, and the effect this has on the way their poetry functions. A shift away from traditional critical vocabulary is considered necessary in part due to the fact that discussions of the physical aspects of poetry often carry with them a variety of preconceptions concerning the nature of language, thought and the thinking subject. The tendency to pose dividing lines between mind and body, word and image, the physical and non-physical aspects of language has characterized the history of Western thought, and neither literature nor literary criticism have been exempt from the conceptual presuppositions inherent in such binary systems. Here, I consider how the work of Pierre Alferi, Valère Novarina, Anne Portugal and Christophe Tarkos transcends such dualisms, using the analysis of specific works to develop a critical approach that reflects their exploration of the ambiguity of the boundaries that separate different sorts of experience and means of expression. The thesis is therefore structured around the development of three concepts, ‘pensée-vue’, ‘pensée-voix’ and ‘pensée-toucher’, inspired directly by the texts studied, that are intended to indicate the vital role different forms of perception play in both the creation and experience of poetic texts. It is hoped that the development of an approach that emphasizes the connection between thought, perception and creativity will suggest the fertility of a shift in critical focus in domains beyond that of contemporary French poetry.
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McLaughlin, Emily. "Yves Bonnefoy : the performative and the negative." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5fef9259-38e2-41bf-815a-33de1ef2ac64.
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This thesis examines Bonnefoy’s cultivation of the performative aspects of the poetic act in his later collections of poetry. It investigates the poet’s use of the theatrical structures of poetic performance, their temporal and spatial dynamics, to deconstruct conceptual or representative modes of thought. It examines how Bonnefoy uses apostrophes to insentient phenomena and addresses to an unidentified other in his attempts to open language up to the finitude and sharing of existence. Working within language, against language, the poet cultivates what he describes as ‘un savoir, tout négatif et instable qu’il soit, que je puis peut-être nommer la vérité de la parole’. The first chapter of this thesis investigates how the image of the ephemeral flame becomes a model for a finite poetic performance in ‘La Terre’. The second chapter scrutinises how Bonnefoy makes the signifying function of language ‘passive’ to the inappropriable excess of material presence in Début et fin de la neige. The third chapter, analysing ‘La Voix lointaine’, explores how Bonnefoy dramatises the experience of self-presence as the act of listening to a distant voice. The fourth chapter, investigating the relationship between finitude and form in ‘L’Heure présente’, analyses how the dissolution of form gives rise to a form that is always à venir, a dynamic, ‘un possible’.
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Pénot, Alexandra. "Étude et projet d'édition du recueil de l'origine de la langue et poésie française, ryme et romans de Claude Fauchet." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3062.
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Ce projet d’édition et d’étude du Recueil de l’origine de la langue et poesie françoyse, Ryme et Romans. Plus les noms et sommaires des œuvres de CXXVII. poetes françois, vivans avant l’an M. CCC. de Claude Fauchet est accompagné d’un commentaire du livre I. Publié en 1581, le Recueil de Claude Fauchet se donne pour mission de retracer l’origine de la poésie, de la langue française, de la rime et du roman ; un objectif précisé dès son titre et auquel répond le livre I. C. Fauchet entreprend de retracer ces genèses multiples sous un angle nationaliste. La haute estime qu’il a vis-à-vis de son pays transparaît à de nombreuses reprises, notamment lorsqu’il développe l’exportation internationale de la culture française, l’influence des poètes français sur leurs condisciples européens, la précocité littéraire de la langue vernaculaire française, etc. Toutes ces informations sont données selon une progression diachronique : sont d’abord précisées l’origine de la parole, puis celle du langage et de la langue, vient ensuite la diversification de celle-ci en idiomes divers et enfin les causes expliquant les mutations dont ils sont l’objet. Sont également développées dans le Recueil l’émergence et l’évolution de la poésie : sa naissance est dite grecque grâce à l’excellence des productions helléniques qui ont servi de modèles aux Romains. C. Fauchet distingue ensuite deux types de poésie : celle de langue latine et celle de langue vernaculaire. Alors que la première répond à un impératif de mesure et de quantité ; la seconde nécessite quant à elle de la mesure et du son. Pour cette raison, c’est à la poésie vernaculaire que revient l’émergence de la rime. L’ensemble des réflexions qui constituent le Recueil sont par ailleurs traitées de manière scientifique : C. Fauchet prouve sans cesse ce qu’il affirme par la caution d’auteurs et de textes variés manifestant l’étendue de son érudition ; il s’oppose également à tout ce qui relève du mythe et de l’invraisemblance, préférant aux discours fabuleux des explications rationnelles. En tant qu’humaniste, C. Fauchet tient à diffuser largement ses savoirs, c’est pour cette raison qu’il traduit presque systématiquement les citations qu’il emprunte, que celles-ci soient grecques, latines ou en vieux-haut-allemand. En aucun cas, le Recueil ne se veut polémique : chacune des positions est subtilement exposée et les réprobations deC. Fauchet sont toujours exprimées avec modération. Le Recueil est donc une œuvre riche, traitant de thèmes variés, et engagée dans la défense de la langue française. C’est d’ailleurs afin d’en conserver les premiers monuments littéraires que le livre II trouve sa raison d’être : afin de les préserver, C. Fauchet a recopié de nombreux extraits de textes de trouvères antérieurs à 1300 ; c’est uniquement grâce à lui que certains ont été conservésThis project of an edition of the Recueil de l’origine de la langue et poesie françoyse, Ryme et Romans. Plus les noms et sommaires des œuvres de CXXVII. poetes françois, vivans avant l’an M. CCC by Claude Fauchet comes with a commentary of the first book. Published in 1581, le Recueil, is expected to trace the origin of poetry, of the French language, rhyme, and novel : an objective which is clearly set in its title and accomplished in the first book.C. Fauchet undertakes this multiple genesis under a nationalist point of view : all of his work is tinged with patriotism. The high esteem he has for his country shows on numerous occasions, especially when he explains the international export of French culture, the influence of French poets on their European peers, the literary precocity of its vernacular language, etc. All these elements are unfolded in a diachronic progression : first the origin of the word and that of language ; then comes its diversification in various idioms ; and, finally, the causes for these variations. Also developed in the Recueil, is the emergence and evolution of poetry, said to be of Greek origins thanks to the excellence of Greek productions, which have served as models to the Romans. C. Fauchet makes a distinction between two types of poetry: Latin and vernacular. While the first addresses the need for measure and quantity, the latter requires measure and sound. For this reason, rhyme blooms in vernacular poetry. Besides, the sum of reflections which make up the Recueil are treated scientifically :C. Fauchet constantly proves what he says by the authority of authors and various texts demonstrating the extent of his erudition ; he also opposes anything mythical or implausible, preferring rational explanations to fables. As a humanist, C. Fauchet wishes to widely disseminate his knowledge ; this is why he almost invariably translates his quotes from Greek, Latin or Old High German. In no case is the Recueil meant to be controversial : each position is subtly exposed and C. Fauchet’s disapproval is always expressed with moderation. Therefore, the Recueil is a rich work, covering various themes, and is committed to the defence of the French language. It is also in the preservation of the first literary monuments that the second book finds its reason for being : to preserve them, C. Fauchet has copied many extracts from texts written by trouvères prior to 1300 ; it is exclusively thanks to him that some are preserved
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Canvat, Raphaël. "On Mad Geniuses & Dreams In the Age of Reason in French Récits Fantastiques." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1343124370.
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Longwell, Ann E. "France, man and language in French Resistance poetry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13376.
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The Second World War witnessed what was recognised at the time as a poetic revival in France. The phenomenon of Resistance poetry in particular commanded literary attention throughout the war. Immediately afterwards, however, this large corpus of poetry was widely dismissed as an unfortunate aberration. Viewed as ephemeral poetry of circumstance with only a documentary value, as tendentious poésie engagée, as propaganda or as conservative patriotic verse, it was thought unworthy of consideration as poetry. Marked by the reputation it gained just after the war, Resistance poetry has been given short shrift in critical studies, and has only rarely been the focus of academic attention. This study reexpounds in detail and with a wide range of reference the debate concerning Resistance poetry, and draws attention to a number of poets who are not widely known, or who are not known as Resistance poets. It demonstrates through a thematic and formal analysis of a selection of Resistance poetry that it is in fact no different from poetry as implicitly understood by critics who have dismissed it. A description of commitment in Resistance poetry is followed by a thematic study of its three related objects, namely France, man and language. Detailed examinations of these three major concerns in the poetry challenge the received view that Resistance poetry is conservative in its patriotism, dogmatic or essentialist in its commitment, and reactionary in its use of language. This thematic study is complemented by illustrative analyses of individual poems or parts of poems, and by a concluding commentary.
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Armstrong, Robert A. "Gleanings in French Fields: A Formal Approach to the Translation of French Poetry." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1587646850156205.
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Martinon, Philippe Martinon Philippe. "Les Strophes étude historique et critique sur les formes de la poésie lyrique en France depuis la Renaissance ; Suivi du Répertoire général de la strophe française depuis la Renaissance /." Genève : Slatkine Reprints, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20808904.html.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris Sorbonne, 1911.Reprint. Originally published: Paris : Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, 1911. Includes bibliographical references (p. [469]-500) and index.
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Lohöfer, Astrid. "Ehics and Lyric Poetry : Language as World-Disclosure in French Symbolism and Canadian Modernism." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30082.
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S’inscrivant dans le tournant éthique survenu il y a peu en théorie littéraire, cette étude analyse la relation entre éthique et poésie moderne, avançant que les implications éthiques de ces textes ne sont pas seulement enrichies par, mais aussiindissociables de l’emploi créatif et non-conventionnel de la langue rencontré dans ce courant. La majorité des articles consacrés à la critique éthique se concentrent sur la transmission explicite de valeurs morales par le biais de romansou de nouvelles – sans tenir compte de la complexité linguistique renfermée par l’énoncé lyrique – ou assimilent l’éthique de la littérature, de façon très généralisée, à des phénomènes purement esthétiques à l’instar de l’expérience textuelleémanant de l’altérité ou de l’indécidabilité – et contournent de ce fait les préoccupations éthiques concrètes de chacun des textes. Dans le but d’atteindre une compréhension plus nuancée de la relation entre éthique et poésie (moderne), je propose d’envisager la parole lyrique comme un lieu de révélation du monde ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives sur les questions éthiques qui restent voilées ou dissimulées dans le discours ordinaire. Cette idée a été développée par MartinHeidegger et Paul Ricoeur, qui, dans leurs écrits sur l’art et la littérature, se penchent sur la manière dont les textes poétiques rompent avec les contraintes du discours institutionnel et rendent au langage son pouvoir expressif originel. [etc.]Situated in the context of the recent ethical turn in literary theory, this study examines the relationship between ethics and modernist poetry, arguing that the ethical implications of these texts are not only enriched by, but also inseparable from, the creative, unconventional use of language typical of this genre. The majority of studies in the field of ethical criticism either focus on the explicit transmission of moral values in novels and short stories, while ignoring the linguistic complexity at the heart of lyric utterance, or equate the ethics of literature, in a very generalized way, with purely aesthetic phenomena such asthe textual experience of alterity or undecidability, thereby bypassing the concrete ethical concerns of individual texts. In order to attain a more nuanced comprehension of the relationship between ethics and (modernist) poetry, I propose to view lyric language as a site of world-disclosure opening up new perspectives on ethical issues that remain veiled or hidden in ordinary speech. This idea has been elaborated by Martin Heidegger and Paul Ricoeur, whose writings on art and literature engage with the ways in which poetic texts break the constraints of institutionalized discourse and return language to its original, expressive power. [etc.]
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O'Connor, Clémence. "'Pour garder l'impossible intact' : the poetry of Heather Dohollau." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/791.
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Kernan, Ryan James. "Lost and found in black translation Langston Hughes's translations of French- and Spanish-language poetry, his Hispanic and Francophone translators, and the fashioning of radical Black subjectivities /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481658191&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Jalabert, Romain. "Les vers latins en France au XIXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040111.
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Les vers latins ne furent pas un pensum pour tous les collégiens du XIXe siècle. Ils eurent un rôle récréatif dans l’enseignement des humanités, au sein duquel ils favorisaient l’étude des poètes de langue française, parfois contemporains, par le biais de traductions. Ils furent une introduction aux belles-lettres pour quelques-uns, dont Sainte-Beuve, Musset, Baudelaire, Bourget et Rimbaud. Des périodiques et des recueils de poésie néo-latine, qui n’étaient pas tous scolaires, poursuivaient une tradition humaniste privilégiant l’épigramme et les jeux versifiés. Ces publications reflétaient également l’évolution des formes poétiques : essoufflement de l’épopée et de la fable, fortune de l’ode civique et des genres didactiques et descriptifs, recherche d’une synthèse entre esthétique des belles-lettres et philosophie sensualiste, succès du romantisme lamartinien. Dans cette tradition, le poème de Baudelaire « Franciscae meae laudes », dont la fortune se confondit avec celle du latin décadent dans la littérature française, constituait un cas à part. Durant la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, la période 1750-1830 fut considérée comme l’âge d’or des humanités. Elle fut l’apogée de l’institution Sainte-Barbe et du concours général et correspondit à une génération d’élèves et de professeurs arrivés aux responsabilités à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et revenus au pouvoir après la Révolution. La poésie de cette période eut une inspiration commune, en latin ou en françaisLatin verses were not an extra duty for all students in the nineteenth century. They had a recreational role in teaching humanities, as they favoured the study of French poets, sometimes the contemporary ones, through translations. They were in deed an introduction to the belles-lettres for some students like Sainte-Beuve, Musset, Baudelaire, Rimbaud and Bourget. Periodicals and neo-Latin publications, which were not all bound to school, followed a humanist tradition favouring epigrams and versified games. These publications also reflected the evolution of poetic forms : the slowing of epic and fable, the health of civic ode and didactic and descriptive poems, search for a synthesis between aesthetics of belles-lettres and philosophy sensualist, fame of Lamartine’s romanticism. In this tradition, Baudelaire's poem "Franciscae meae laudes", whose success was bound to that of the decadent Latin in French literature, was a special case. During the second half of the nineteenth century, the 1750-1830’s period was considered as the golden age of the humanities. It was the apogee of the Sainte-Barbe’s institution and the concours général and corresponded to a generation of students and teachers who arrived to political responsibilities in the late eighteenth century and returned to power after the Revolution. The poetry of this period had a common inspiration, in Latin or in French
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Tidwell, Christopher A. ""Mingling Incantations": Hart Crane's Neo-Symbolist Poetics." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001490.
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Gosetti, Valentina. "Tradition and poetic experimentation in Gaspard de la Nuit : Aloysius Bertrand and cultural exchange in French romanticism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5ecd95e8-9c06-4880-9943-5fe37a10bc6f.
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In mainstream literary histories, Aloysius Bertrand (1807-1841) is still remembered as the canonical inventor of the prose poem in France. The established classification of Gaspard de la Nuit (1842) within the realm of the prose poem inevitably involves a retrospective appreciation of Bertrand’s work in light of the better-known authors that succeeded him in the history of this genre, such as Baudelaire and Mallarmé. The result is that Bertrand is often viewed as the inventor and/or the precursor of this genre; an important but, ultimately, minor contributor to its development. This hindsight brings with it a risk of critical anachronism against which Bertrand's contribution is often downplayed, especially because his thematic choices are seen to be outmoded, when compared to works by poets writing decades later. This thesis is a re-examination of Bertrand's Gaspard de la Nuit, incorporating an analysis of the cultural context that contributed to its production. The central argument is that in order to fairly assess Bertrand’s work, it is crucial to consider the poet’s contribution to, as well as his position in, the wider cultural exchange typical of his time. Using this contextual and historical approach, this thesis examines and challenges some of the main traditional considerations of Bertrand, such as his being a petit romantique, his provincialism, his unoriginality, and his role as the precursor and/or inventor of the prose poem. The overall aim is to assess fairly Bertrand’s unique synthesis of contemporary cultural and literary material with his own original work. By emphasising the crucial role of cultural exchange at the time of Gaspard de la Nuit’s production, we are thus able to begin to understand Bertrand in his own terms, rather than those of his successors, ourselves included, challenging commonly-held views and opening up new avenues for research.
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Culpepper, Abigail. "Towards an Ethic of the Lyric: Taking on the Other in “La Mort de Cleopatre” by Marie Krysinska." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564684012184959.
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Peterson, Bellay Catrin. "The language borrowers : a study of how French-English bilingual children borrow phrases from musical, audio-visual, poetic, and narrative input." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3012.
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Cette étude de cas longitudinale porte sur les productions langagières de quatre enfants dans un contexte d'acquisition bilingue ( français-anglais) simultanée en famille, et plus particulièrement leur utilisation des séquences tirées des récits, comptines, et supports audiovisuels. Le phénomène observé est défini en tant qu'emprunt ; nous proposons une conceptualisation de l'emprunt comme phénomène langagier susceptible d'avoir lieu au sein d'une même langue, et non seulement entre deux langes différentes. Un « emprunt verbatim » est une séquence empruntée mot pour mot et insérée dans le discours. Un « emprunt adapté » est une séquence dont quelques éléments du texte source ont été changés de manière à l'adapter à sa nouvelle utilisation. On distingue aussi entre « emprunt référentiel » et « emprunt non-référentiel ». Trois types d'éléments discursifs ou linguistiques peuvent déclencher un emprunt : un énoncé antérieur, une conversation, ou le contexte général rapellent une séquence ou un texte source. Grâce à l'expérience répétitive et interactive du partage des textes sources, l'enfant mémorise des séquences fixes et apprend à identifier et à manipuler les éléments variables des constructions. Il établit des liens sémantiques et pragmatiques entre les séquences des récits et chansons et des situations de communication réelles. Cette étude souligne le rôle avantageux que peuvent jouer des récits, des chansons, et des supports audiovisuels pour l'acquisition et le maintien de la langue minoritaire en situation d'acquisition bilingueThis dissertation reports on a longitudinal case study of four children's acquisition of two first languages (French and English) in the home. Specifically, it examines their use of phrases from songs, stories, and audio-visual media, a phenomenon which we have labelled borrowing. We propose a new definition of borrowing as a linguistic phenonmenon which can occur within languages as well as across languages. A "verbatim borrowing" is an exact repetition of a source phrase inserted into discourse. A "rephrased borrowing" contains elements which have been adapted to suit its use in a new context. We also distinguish between "referential borrowing" and "non-referential borrowing. " Three types of linguistic or discursive triggers can cause borrowing to occur : a preceding utterance, an ongoing conversational routine, or the general context can trigger a memory of a phrase from a source text. Thanks to repeated and interactive shared experience of these linguistically and culturally rich source texts, children memorise fixed formulas and learn to identify variable slots in constructions. When borrowing phrases, they not only demonstratethe mapping of semantic and pragmatic meanings onto phrases, but also the ability to perform the syntactic operations required for the production of their own creative variations of source texts. This study highlights the beneficial role that songs, stories, and audio-visual media can play in the acquisition and maintenance of the minority language in a context of child bilingualism
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Dobson, Julia. "The theatre of the self : poetic identity in the plays of Helene Cixous and Marina Tsvetaeva." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11092/.
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This comparative study of the theatre of Helene Cixous and Marina Tsvetaeva proposes a reading of their plays as a coherent corpus engaged specifically with the representation of poetic identity. Tsvetaeva's and Cixous' plays present a diverse range of characters who can be identified as poet-selves and who struggle to assert their identity in hostile environments. An inherent link is established between the thematic and the generic. Cixous' and Tsvetaeva's adoption of the theatre as genre in which to develop their conceptualisations of poetic identity is shown to be important to the thematic contexts in which the poet-selves are constructed. This study defines four elements: language, exile, sexual difference and Greek mythology, which are shown to be common to the representation of poetic identity in Tsvetaeva's and Cixous' plays. Each element is addressed in turn in Chapters Two to Five and its role in both writers' constructions of poetic identity in their individual plays is explored and problematised. The conclusion evaluates the radical nature of Cixous' and Tsvetaeva's dramatisations of poetic identity in the context of the representation of the female poet and discusses the evolution of this theme in a chronological approach to their theatre.
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Carlstedt, Anna. "La poésie oraculaire de Nostradamus : Langue, style et genre des Centuries." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of French, Italian and Classical Languages, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-719.
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This dissertation is a study of the work of Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus). Born in Provence, France in 1503, this true "Renaissance man” (astrologer, doctor of medicine and translator) achieved fame with the publication of his Centuries or “Prophecies”. This work presents 10 centuries of quatrains – almost a thousand short poems of only four rhymed lines each. The first third was published in 1555, another third in 1557 and finally the ten Centuries all together, posthumously, in 1568. The present study concentrates on the first edition, consisting of the first 353 quatrains.
The main purpose of this thesis is to explore and analyse the language, the style and the genre of the Centuries, aspects rather neglected by the critics hitherto. The large number of quatrains analysed in detail provides a solid basis for accurately characterizing the distinctive features of the text. The methods applied are mainly quantitative and comparative.
Initially, a short presentation of Nostradamus’ life and work sketches in the background for the creation of the Centuries. The analysis of the poetic form illustrates the stylistic as well as linguistic consequences of the use of the quatrain: it is argued that the poetical structure of the text influences its language as well as its oracular genre. The language of the Centuries is quantitatively examined, first at the sentence level and then at the phrase level. In order to define its specific nature, comparisons are made with the language of other texts from the same period, i.e. the Délie by Maurice Scève and the Pantagrueline Pronostication by François Rabelais. The results demonstrate that the most prominent differences concern what may be referred to as Nostradamus’ strategy of omission, where the restrictive metrical form of the quatrain demands that he be sparing of words.
Thereafter, the dissertation concludes that the number of textual themes and motives of the Centuries is quite limited (war, catastrophe, government), the prodigy being identified as the general poetic topic that contributes to the coherence of the text. A subsequent section thoroughly investigates stylistic elements such as enumeration, repetition and onomastics. The objective of the final section is to define the genre of the Centuries. The close connection between the concepts of poetry and prophecy during the French Renaissance is well documented. It is thus suggested that the enigmatic, dark oeuvre of Nostradamus inspired several of the Pléiade poets, whose group that in many ways explored the oracular genre in the 1550s and 1560s. It is furthermore demonstrated that the concept of oracular poetry is appropriate for defining the style and the genre of the Centuries.
Together, the different results of our survey lead to a discussion of the poetic qualities of the Centuries. The present study promotes the conclusion that Nostradamus is to be considered much less a prophet than an author of oracular poetry.
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Langdell, Sebastian James. "Religious reform, transnational poetics, and literary tradition in the work of Thomas Hoccleve." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2e8eb46-5d08-405d-baa9-24e0400a47d8.
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This study considers Thomas Hoccleve’s role, throughout his works, as a “religious” writer: as an individual who engages seriously with the dynamics of heresy and ecclesiastical reform, who contributes to traditions of vernacular devotional writing, and who raises the question of how Christianity manifests on personal as well as political levels – and in environments that are at once London-based, national, and international. The chapters focus, respectively, on the role of reading and moralization in the Series; the language of “vice and virtue” in the Epistle of Cupid; the moral version of Chaucer introduced in the Regiment of Princes; the construction of the Hoccleve persona in the Regiment; and the representation of the Eucharist throughout Hoccleve’s works. One main focus of the study is Hoccleve’s mediating influence in presenting a moral version of Chaucer in his Regiment. This study argues that Hoccleve’s Chaucer is not a pre-established artifact, but rather a Hocclevian invention, and it indicates the transnational literary, political, and religious contexts that align in Hoccleve’s presentation of his poetic predecessor. Rather than posit the Hoccleve-Chaucer relationship as one of Oedipal anxiety, as other critics have done, this study indicates the way in which Hoccleve’s Chaucer evolves in response to poetic anxiety not towards Chaucer himself, but rather towards an increasingly restrictive intellectual and ecclesiastical climate. This thesis contributes to the recently revitalized critical dialogue surrounding the role and function of fifteenth-century English literature, and the effect on poetry of heresy, the church’s response to heresy, and ecclesiastical reform both in England and in Europe. It also advances critical narratives regarding Hoccleve’s response to contemporary French poetry; the role of confession, sacramental discourse, and devotional images in Hoccleve’s work; and Hoccleve’s impact on literary tradition.
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Ballieu, Kristen. "Decanting the Rabelaisian Casks: Democratizing Neoplatonic Poetic Fury in Baudelaire's “L’âme du vin”." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3955.
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The following document is a meta-commentary on the article "Decanting the Rabelaisian Casks: Democratizing Neoplatonic Poetic Fury in Baudelaire's 'L’âme du vin'," co-authored by Dr. Robert J. Hudson and myself, which will soon be submitted for publication. It contains an annotated bibliography of all our primary and secondary sources and an account of the genesis of the argument and the writing of the article. Our article is based upon an analysis of "‘L’âme du vin," the threshold poem of "Le Vin," the central section of Charles Baudelaire's celebrated volume Les Fleurs du Mal. As we demonstrate, previous scholarship on this section is sparse and while certain poems within in have received attention from distinguished scholars, the integral part that it plays in the larger work has been downplayed, if not entirely neglected. Our reading of the poem allows for an explanation of the structure of the entire collection, illuminates Baudelaire's intended internal architecture, and elucidates his theory of poetic creation and aesthetic ideals more generally. As we demonstrate, the transition from the Parisian commoner in "Tableaux parisiens" to the transcendent poet in "Fleurs du mal" requires the transformation provided by the intoxication in "Le Vin" which lends itself to divine fury and attainment of transcendence in and ascension to the sonnets of the "Fleurs du mal." Our development of this conclusion comes through a study of Baudelaire's employment of Neoplatonic theories and images and adoption of Rabelais' Gallic codification of these Neoplatonic tropes. "‘L’âme du vin" illustrates the essence of Baudelaire's progressive populist thought previous to the Revolution of 1848, by rendering permanent the inversion of social order found in the Rabelaisian/Bakhtinian carnavalesque. The Neoplatonic ladder to transcendence, based on Plato's four stages of divine fury, and systemized by Renaissance thinkers Marsilio Ficino and Pontus de Tyard, is tipped, or thrown, on its side in Baudelaire's work, demonstrating not only the overthrow of the hierarchy of the Old Regime, but the solidification of the humanization of the common, working man, the premier venu or homme de la rue, and the ability of the least of society, rather than the members of the nobility or leisured class of centuries past, to access divine fury and poetic transcendence by imbibing, integrating, and appreciating the soul of wine.
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Ryan, Natasha. "The poetics of glass in France, 1850-1900." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ad30dccb-4017-461d-8785-810ff3312d4d.
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This thesis examines the representation of glass in French and Belgian poetry associated with the Symbolist and Decadent movements. It incorporates a number of authors, particularly focussing on Baudelaire, Mallarmé, Laforgue, Rodenbach, and Maeterlinck, but also encompassing more minor writers where appropriate, as well as some writers on the periphery of Symbolism and Decadence. The thesis investigates how the growing use of glass in architecture, technology, and visual art influenced late-nineteenth-century poets, providing these writers with a means by which to understand their social context as well as a multi-faceted metaphor through which to interrogate their own poetic mechanisms. Glass, in its various manifestations - windows, lenses, hothouses, aquariums, Exhibition halls, Art Nouveau glasswork, and stained glass - prompts meditation on such questions as: the interaction between subject and object; the relationship between fiction and reality; the infinite; poetic form; nature and artifice; and aesthetic identity. Ultimately, I combat the traditional understanding of this poetry as being solely concerned with the pure realm of dreams, the soul, and the 'Idée'. Instead, I insist on the material world as a starting point for this poetry, demonstrating that it is not immune to environmental factors, but rather that it uses its environment as a route towards the elusive 'Idée'. Glass is key to this process because its very ambiguity makes it a suitable embodiment of the tension between the material and the unknown, invisible, or ideal.
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Murphey, Darcy Renee. "The Feminine Poetic Voice in the Rymes of Pernette du Guillet." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4686.
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This thesis examines Pernette du Guillet's Rymes, focusing of her feminine poetic voice and her merit as a Neoplatonist Renaissance poet. In a time when literary endeavors were almost exclusively the domain of men, women presenting themselves as writers were often judged on the appropriateness of women writing as well as the quality of their work. Women had to forge their own identity as writers and find their own voice within a ~patriarchal society and literary community. The Introduction provides a social and literary framework for Pernette's work and presents pertinent ideas on using feminist literary criticism in the analysis of medieval and Renaissance literature. Modern criticism can often be a hindrance to unbiased reading of medieval and Renaissance literature when it is used to support modern concerns instead of illuminating the original value of these works. This Introduction offers some solutions to such a conflict. Renewed interest in women's work, for example, is one of the positive repercussions of feminist criticism. The literary canon is expanding to include more women as a result of feminist concerns. Feminism should not, however, negate the original value of a work because modern readers want to impose new interpretations over the original intent. The first half of this thesis explores Pernette's Neoplatonism in contrast to the Petrarchism of her mentor, Maurice Sceve and the third member of L' Ecole Lyonnaise, Louise Labe. Pernette's association with Sceve provides the necessary context for an examination of her poetry because their poetic correspondence and their romantic relationship provide many of the themes found in Rymes. This relationship also allows a comparison between Sceve's poetry and the work of his student, Pernette, who develops into a mature poet during the course of her apprenticeship. Louise Labe's style offers a sharp contrast to Pernette's and Labe' s means of establishing her feminine poetic voice furnish an essential comparison for comprehending Pernette's more subtle technique. The second part of this thesis examines individual poems from Rymes, analyzing Pernette' s choice of theme and her manipulation of vocabulary. Pernette's feminine poetic voice is a combination of the obvious grammatical manifestations of her female gender as well as the more subtle indications of the breadth of her voice. She demonstrates that she is aware of societal limitations, but refuses to let stereotypical roles dictate her poetic persona. Pernette uses her relationship to the more famous Sceve in order to build a framework for her own work. Her adeptness as a poet lies in her ability to maintain her role as a lover and a student while conveying a proficiency that belies her reticent demeanor.
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Echinard-Garin, Paul. "Le poème critique, depuis Mallarmé : formes et enjeux." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030149.
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Cette thèse tient le pari de retracer la persistance dans l’Histoire de la poésie française d’une notion forgée par Stéphane Mallarmé : dans la "Bibliographie" des Divagations, l’écrivain affirme publiquement avoir recueilli ses "poèmes critiques". Après avoir exploré quelles formes nouvelles ce terme recouvre, quelles "transpositions mentales" du poète ces textes déploient, le travail s’affronte immédiatement à la difficulté d’utiliser le même concept pour désigner toute écriture critique inspirée, ce qu’on lit chez Leger félicitant Jacques Rivière. L’influence de ce dernier sur la critique professionnelle enjoint de réserver alors le poème critique aux poètes : l’examen des inventions d’Aragon, Ponge et Du Bouchet permet de poser les questions de la valeur de ces textes marginaux, de leur reprise possible, et de la voix du poète dans le champ théorique. Ensuite, un troisième moment a pour ambition de penser conjointement des procédures qui affrontent la définition impossible du poème, pour préférer lui tourner autour, le déborder, le doubler, le réduire. On observe la génération qui gravite autour de Claude Royet-Journoud pour élaborer une poétique de ce genre indéterminé, inséparable d’une réflexion sur la relation : ce méridien tient compte de la "matière de l’interlocuteur". Dans un dernier temps, la thèse propose la lecture d’un poète contemporain, Philippe Beck. Il déduit des œuvres, en particulier de Mallarmé, de quoi continuer l’inscription de l’Histoire de la poésie dans un "poème critique neuf"This thesis takes up the challenge of recording the recurrent occurrences in the History of French Poetry of an expression, coined by Stéphane Mallarmé : in the "Bibliography", which he adds to his Divagations, he publicly asserts that he has collected his "critical poems". After having explored the new shapes this word encompasses, and the "mental transpositions" those texts result in, the development tackles right away the issue of using the same expression in order to designate any inspired critical review, which can be found in a letter from Alexis Leger congratulating Jacques Rivière. His influence on professional literary Criticism seems to suggest the critical poem should be left only to poets: analyzing Aragon’s, Ponge’s and Du Bouchet’s inventions, one can lead an inquiry into the value of these marginal texts, their rewriting and the presence of the poet’s voice in the theoretical field. Then, the ambition of a third part is to think together texts that confront the impossible definition of the poem, and finally choose periphrasis, extension, duplication or digestion. One examines the generation revolving around Claude Royet- Journoud so as to work out a poetics of this undetermined genre, which must comprise a reflexion on the relation : this meridian takes into account the "matter of the interlocutor". At last, the thesis focuses on a contemporary poet, Philippe Beck. He gives reinterpretations of literary works, especially Mallarmé’s ones, in order to carry on writing the History of Poetry in a "brand new critical poem"
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Morton, Jonathan Simon. "The Roman de la Rose : nature, sex, and language in thirteenth-century poetry and philosophy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e179c13-9046-44d3-801c-9cb12eb28229.
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Jean de Meun's continuation of the Roman de la rose (The Romance of the Rose), written in Paris in the 1270s, presents a vast amount of philosophy and natural science in vernacular poetry, while engaging thoroughly with contemporary, local philosophical and institutional debates. Taking this into consideration, this study investigates how the Rose depends for its meaning on questions around human nature, natural philosophy, and the philosophy of language that were being discussed and debated in the University of Paris at the time of its composition. It suggests a reading of the poem as a work of philosophy that uses Aristotelian ideas of nature and what is natural to present a moral framework – at times explicitly, at times implicitly – within which to assess and critique human behaviour. The concepts of the unnatural and the artificial are used to discuss sin and its effects on sexuality – a key concern of the Rose – and on language. The Rose is shown to present itself as artificial and compromised, yet nevertheless capable of leading imperfect and compromised humans to moral behaviour and towards knowledge which can only ever be imperfect. It is read as a presenting a rhetorical kind of philosophy that is sui generis and that appeals to human desire as well as to the intellect. The specific issue of usury and its relation to avarice is examined, studying contemporary theological and philosophical treatments of the question, in order to illustrate similarities and contrasts in the Rose's theoretical methodology to more orthodox modes of philosophical enquiry. Finally, the poem's valorisation of pleasure and of the perversity inherent in artificial productions is explored to show how poetry, though deviating from the strictures of dialectical language, is nevertheless productive and generative.
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Rees, Agnès. "La poétique de la "vive représentation" et ses origines italiennes en France à la Renaissance." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIML013/document.
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Chaque cadre doit contenir un résumé de 1000 caractères maximum, espaces compris. En casde dépassement, la coupure sera automatique.Le doctorant adressera son texte sous forme électronique (disquette, etc.)Pour les modalités pratiques, contactez votre bibliothèques.L'objet de la thèse est de mettre en évidence l'importance de la« vive représentation» dans le renouvellement poétique initié au milieu du siècle, autour de Ronsard et de Du Bellay, par un groupe de jeunes poètes qui se désignera comme « la Pléiade ». Dans un contexte d'émulation et de rivalité avec les arts picturaux, mais aussi avec les poésies néo-latine et italienne, la poétique de la « vive représentation » ou « vive description », expressions empruntées aux poètes et théoriciens des années 1550, est étroitement liée à la volonté d'« illustrer » et d'enrichir la langue française en valorisant le pouvoir d'expression de la poésie. Si elle constitue un héritage de l'enargeia des anciens, c'est par l'emploi de figures spécifiques, comme l'ekphrasis et l'hypotypose, et par le développement d'un langage orné que la vive représentation s'impose dans la poésie lyrique des années 1550, où elle introduit des motifs caractéristiques du style héroïque. Notre travail consiste donc à définir les enjeux et les procédés liés à cette poétique en étudiant son élaboration et sa mise en pratique dans les textes théoriques et poétiques français publiés entre 1547 et 1560, et en retraçant les origines de cette notion dans les arts poétiques et dans les traités d'art italiensThe purpose of this thesis is to emphasize the importance of "vivid description" in the poeticalrevival, which was started in the middle of the sixteenth century around Ronsard and Du Bellay by a group of young poets, who will name themselves "la Pléiade". The poetics of "vivid representation", or "vivid description", expressions borrowed from poets and theoreticians of the years around 1550, is, in a context of competition and rivalry not only with pictorial arts, but also with neolatin and italian poetry, closely bound to the wish to illustrate and enrich the french language by means of enhancing poetry's power of expression. Although vivid description represents a heritage of the energeia of the Ancients, it is by employing specifical figures of speach, such as ekphrasis and hypotyposis, and by developing a florid language, that it asserts itself in the lyrical poetry of the years 1550, where it introduces the typical patterns of heroic style. Our work consists in a definition of the issues and processes linked to this poetry by studying its elaboration and the way it was put into practice in poetical and theoretical french writings published between 1547 and 1560, and by retracing the origins of this notion to italian arts of poetry and treatises
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Galand, David. "Poétique de l'élégie moderne, de C.-H. de Millevoye à J. Reda." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA066/document.
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L’élégie connaît une vogue manifeste à l’aube de notre modernité, au sein de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler le préromantisme et le romantisme. Mais cet engouement ne va pas sans susciter de profondes interrogations sur la dimension générique de l’élégie. En effet, depuis son acclimatation en français, l’élégie ne peut plus être définie par le seul critère formel, devenu douteux. En outre, dès l’âge classique, deux dangers minent le genre : sa variété thématique qui gêne sa définition et une évolution sclérosante qui le fige en clichés. Émerge donc le souci de rédimer un certain babélisme de l’élégie et d’en refonder le pouvoir expressif par le recours à la notion plus souple d’ « élégiaque ». La modernité de l’élégie s’adosse à cet héritage problématique et réclame une perspective d’étude résolument historique : la vitalité de l’élégie au seuil du XIXe siècle s’autorise d’une nouvelle saisie du genre, qui promeut l’élégiaque au rang de critère premier, ramenant peu à peu l’étiquette d’élégie à la portion congrue. L’œuvre de Millevoye permet de dater ce point de bascule, qui ouvre la voie à l’élégie romantique, attachée à la notion naissante de « lyrisme » et magnifiée par Lamartine sous les auspices de la méditation. Mais en refondant l’élégie sur l’expressivité élégiaque, la modernité romantique l’a soumise aux aléas des sollicitations du sujet par l’histoire, qui le déstabilisent. D’où un déplacement de l’écriture élégiaque durant la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, dans le repliement intimiste, le dédoublement parodique et humoristique, ou encore la polyphonie, manifestations diverses d’une remise en cause de la source subjective de la plainte élégiaque. Quand revient à la surface du champ littéraire l’élégie revendiquée comme telle, à l’occasion du traumatisme de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, c’est pour cristalliser en un genre labile les doutes, les deuils et les sourires d’un lyrisme incertain de son propre chant comme de l’existence du sujet qui le hante plus qu’il ne le chanteThe elegy was fashionable at the dawn of modernity, during the periods which are known as Pre-Romanticism and Romanticism. But this infatuation with elegy was not without raising deep questioning on its generic dimension. Indeed since the French had appropriated the genre, the elegy can no longer be just defined by a formal criterion which has become disputable. Furthermore, as early as the classical period, two dangers have been subverting the genre: its wide range of themes which is an obstacle to our grasping its quintessence and an evolution at a standstill condemning it to stereotyped perceptions. And from this came the worry to amend the confusion existing around the elegy as well as the urge to revivify its expressive power around the more flexible notion of "elegiac". The modernity of the elegy relies on this problematic heritage and requires a study in historical perspective: the vitality of the elegy at the beginning of the XIXth century allowed itself to provide a new interpretation of its genre that promoted the elegiac as a decisive criterion. Millevoye’s works enables us to date this turning point which paved the way to the romantic elegy linked to the rising notion of "lyricism" and glorified by Lamartine under the auspices of meditation. But while revivifying the elegy on elegiac expressiveness, romantic modernity compelled with the subject having to respond to historical vagaries that were eventually unsettling. Hence a shifting away from elegiac writing during the second half of the XIXth century into intimist withdrawal, parodic splitting or polyphony, all of them being various utterances of a questioning of the elegiac complaint’s subjective source. When the elegy as such resurfaced the literary scene owing to the trauma of the Second World War, it featured a shifting genre to crystallize the doubts, mournings and smiles of a lyricism as uncertain of its own song as the very existence of a subject that haunted its lines more than he inhabited them
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Abdelkader, Yamna. "Poétiques de la rive : la forme en jeu : la poésie de langue française issue du Maghreb (1995-2005)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30054.
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La poésie maghrébine francophone demeure peu étudiée notamment en ce qui concerne son fonctionnement esthétique, malgré une production importante et la consécration de certains auteurs. Ce travail de recherche propose d’identifier les traits formels constitutifs du poème situé entre culture première et culture seconde, en s’attachant aux recueils de six poètes originaires du Maghreb qui ont franchi l’autre rive de la Méditerranée pour s’établir en France : Malek Alloula, Jamel Eddine Bencheikh, Abdelwahab Meddeb, Zaghloul Morsy et Amina Saïd. La période retenue, de 1995 à 2005, permet d’interroger la nouveauté formelle et l’écriture poétique dans son rapport à la double tradition franco-maghrébine, telles qu’elles se présentent à l’aube du nouveau millénaire. Par une approche croisant les études linguistiques et littéraires, mettant en œuvre une poétique et une intersémioticité, les dynamiques visuelles du poème sont mises en évidence, ainsi que ses formes vocales et ses diverses stratégies énonciatives. Il en ressort des spécificités de la poésie de langue française issue du Maghreb, tant par rapport à la poésie française en général, que par rapport au poème maghrébin francophone du terroirThe French-language poetry from Maghreb, and more notably its aesthetics, remains a poorly researched subject, despite the numerous works produced by several dedicated authors. The following research document aims to identify the native and acquired cultural elements constituting a poem, basing itself in a collection belonging to six poets who have crossed the Mediterranean and have established themselves in France: Malek Alloula, Jamel Eddine Bencheikh, Abdelwahab Meddeb, Zaghloul Morsy and Amina Saïd. The chosen period (1995 – 2005) allows a comparison between the formal novelty and poetry writing and their relevance to the duality of both French and Maghreb tradition, such as they are present in the dawn of the new millennium. The visual elements of a poem, as well as its vocal form and its enunciation techniques, are highlighted by means of a linguistic and literary study approach, using poetics and inter-semiotics. These indicate the elements specific to Maghreb poetry written in France, in contrast to both French poetry in general and French-language poetry from Maghreb
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Thompson, Martha. "George Canning, Liberal Toryism, and Counterrevolutionary Satire in the Anti-Jacobin." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3714.
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One of the most defining moments in the histories of British satire and the public sphere took place in the late 1790s in an abandoned house in Piccadilly. Here George Canning and several fellow conservatives began writing and circulating their weekly newspaper the Anti-Jacobin. Although the periodical has been critically neglected, it is a valuable model for exploring how literary (partisan) politicians attempted to form a rational and critical public sphere through their satiric poetry. Founded by George Canning and edited by William Gifford, the Anti-Jacobin seems to reflect a reactionary conservative's ideology and has been summarily dismissed because of this one-sided nature. In this essay, I suggest a more nuanced reading of both Canning's biography and his Anti-Jacobin poetry that will give a fuller and more accurate version of Canning, one that illustrates a moderate reformer who is concerned with centralizing the extremism of the 1790s.
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Erken, Geneviève. "L'hétérogénéité discursive en poésie: description, narration, argumentation chez Norge, Henri Michaux, Francis Ponge." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211056.
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Le texte poétique devient, au XXe siècle, de plus en plus difficile à définir. Il a perdu plusieurs attributs qui aidaient autrefois à le caractériser (vers, rimes, parallélismes), et ne se laisse pas non plus circonscrire par le biais du lyrisme :bon nombre de poètes, en effet, ont abandonné le programme de la "poésie pure" pour renouer avec un art descriptif, narratif ou argumentatif. Dès lors, faut-il considérer que l'organisation poétique n'est qu'une structure de surface qui se surajoute à un type de texte de base, en entraînant certaines conséquences sur le plan sémantique et grammatical ?N'existe-t-il pas malgré tout des propriétés typiques de l'oeuvre poétique, qui permettent d'instaurer un rapport tout à fait particulier entre le lecteur, le langage et le monde ?Nous avons voulu nous pencher sur ces questions en explorant le phénomène de l'hétérogénéité discursive chez quelques poètes francophones du XXe siècle. Nous constaterons que ceux-ci n'hésitent pas à décrire, à raconter ou à argumenter, mais nous verrons aussi que la poésie tend à transfigurer les schémas de base auxquels elle s'allie, si bien qu'un récit en vers n'est pas du tout semblable à son homologue en prose. C'est par cet angle d'approche que nous espérons contribuer à faire mieux comprendre le mystère poétique, qui déroute terriblement les jeunes lecteurs.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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González, Ródenas Soledad. "Juan Ramón Jiménez y su biblioteca de Moguer: lecturas y traducciones de poesía en lengua francesa e inglesa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83651.
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Tras el comienzo de la guerra civil en 1936 Juan Ramón Jiménez abandona España dejando en Madrid todos sus archivos y su biblioteca personal. Para esa fecha su formación intelectual y estética, iniciada a finales del s. XIX, se considera completa. Este estudio recorre los avatares vividos por el poeta como lector y traductor de forma paralela a la adquisición de su biblioteca, hoy día conservada en la Fundación Zenobia-Juan Ramón Jiménez de Moguer (Huelva). Se hace especial hincapié en sus fondos en lengua francesa e inglesa, que marcaron el sello particular que hizo evolucionar su estética de manera distinta a otros autores de su generación. El estudio incluye, asimismo, un catálogo de estos fondos.Després de l’inici de la guerra civil al 1936 Juan Ramón Jiménez abandonà Espanya deixant a Madrid tots els seu arxius i la seva biblioteca personal. En aquesta data la seva formació intel•lectual i estètica, iniciada a finals del s. XIX, es considera completa. Aquest estudi fa un recorregut de les circumstàncies viscudes pel poeta com a lector i traductor de forma paral•lela a l’adquisició de la seva biblioteca, avui dia conservada a la Fundación Zenobia-Juan Ramón Jiménez de Moguer (Huelva). Es fa un especial relleu dels seus fons en llengua francesa i anglesa, que van marcar el segell particular que va fer evolucionar la seva estètica de manera diferent a altres autors de la seva generació. L’estudi inclou, així mateix, un catàleg d’aquests fons.
After the breaking of the of the civil war in 1936, Juan Ramón Jiménez went away from Spain leaving behind all his files and his personal library in Madrid. By that time, his intellectual and aesthetic education, which began at the end of the 19th century, is considered complete. This study goes along the ups and downs experienced by the poet as a reader and a translator, in parallel with the acquisition of his library, which today is kept at the Fundación Zenobia-Juan Ramón Jiménez in Moguer (Huelva). Special relevance is given to his funds in the French and English language. They shaped the particular hallmark which made his aesthetics evolve in a different way from other authors of his generation. The study also includes a catalogue of these funds.
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Augais, Thomas. "Trait pour trait : Alberto Giacometti et les écrivains par voltes et faces d’ateliers." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20064/document.
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L’œuvre d’Alberto Giacometti a posé avec acuité le problème de la représentation. Dès 1929, un article de Michel Leiris appelle sa mise en question de la « figure humaine » à venir dialoguer dans l’espace de la revue Documents avec une pensée dialectique de l’image, celle de Georges Bataille. Il rejoint ensuite le groupe surréaliste en abandonnant pour un temps la représentation figurative au profit du « modèle intérieur » prôné par André Breton. Son retour au modèle extérieur contredit le sens de l’histoire de l’art pour Breton et lui vaut d’être exclu du groupe surréaliste. Pourtant Giacometti dans ce retour au réel n’abandonne pas le pôle subjectif, il choisit au contraire de l’assumer dans ses plus extrêmes conséquences, en refusant dans sa représentation de l’objet d’être plus précis que la perception. Son œuvre suscite alors après-guerre l’attention des philosophes car elle rencontre les recherches de la phénoménologie. Mais elle attire surtout l’attention de nombreux écrivains à mesure que l’impossibilité d’atteindre son but, faire une « tête vivante », conduit Giacometti à faire de son art une méditation sur le sens de la représentation de la réalité en art. Admettant le caractère inéluctable de l’échec auquel est confronté celui qui veut saisir le réel, il choisit d’approfondir le « pourquoi » de cet échec. Son œuvre devient alors le lieu d’une critique acérée du langage, perçue comme le meilleur moyen d’affronter l’écart entre les signes (plastiques ou langagiers) et les objets du réel. Les écrivains tentent de mesurer les conséquences poétiques de cette approche du réel qui envisage l’art comme un moyen de se rendre compte de ce que nous voyonsAt the core of Alberto Giacometti’s works lies the problem of representation, ie. the fact that signs mean more that what they are. As soon as 1929, Michel Leiris confronted Giacometti’s challenge of the « human figure » with Georges Bataille’s dialectic approach of images in the journal Documents. The former then joined the surrealists and temporarily left figurative representation for « the interior model » advocated by André Breton. His return to the exterior model went against the course of art history according to Breton, and led to his exclusion from the surrealist group. Although he had come back to reality, Giacometti did not discard subjectivity. On the contrary, he chose to stay true to its most extreme consequences and refused to represent objects more acutely than the senses could. His work then attracted the attention of post-war philosophers like Sartre, as it intersected with their research on phenomenology. It also attracted the attention of a number of writers (Char, Ponge, Tardieu, Bonnefoy, Dupin and du Bouchet) when his failure to reach his goal, the creation of a « living head », gradually led his artworks to question the worth of representing reality in art. While admitting to the inevitable failure awaiting any artist trying to grasp reality, Giacometti chose to explore the reasons of that failure. This is how his artworks grew to express a sharp criticism of language, which he saw as the best way to bridge the gap between signs (both plastic and linguistic) and the objects constituting reality. Writers have tried to measure the poetic consequences of Giacometti’s approach to reality, which envisions art as a means to realize what we see
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Morabbi, Safa. "La mémoire de la guerre dans le roman contemporain de langue française : discontinuité et dislocation narratives dans les œuvres d’Henry Bauchau, d’Andrée Chedid et d’Anna Moï." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0117.
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Ce travail envisage les enjeux d'une narration discontinue et disloquée sous l'influence de la mémoire de la guerre dans le roman contemporain de langue française. Elle privilégie une approche narratologique pour l’analyse de trois romans : Le Message d’Andrée Chedid (2000), Riz noir d’Anna Moï (2004), Le Boulevard périphérique de Henry Bauchau (2008). Le choix du corpus donne un aperçu général sur trois guerres différentes dans le monde ; cependant, notre étude s’intéressera plutôt à l’impact tragique de la guerre, en général, sur trois œuvres qui, tout en relevant de l’extrême-contemporain et venant de nations différentes, se souviennent du XXe siècle. Ici, l’enjeu de l’analyse est de montrer comment l'auteur réussit à transmettre le traumatisme de la guerre, ce qui soulève, dès lors, des enjeux de la narration discontinue et disloquée, qui suit les hésitations, voir les obsessions d'une mémoire intermittente. Dans une première partie, la thèse se concentrera sur les mutations socio-historiques du tournant du XXIe siècle et sur la perception d’un monde éclaté, spécialement dans le domaine romanesque. La deuxième et la troisième partie, essentiellement narratologiques, étudieront les romans considérés en tant qu’écritures mémorielles et y examineront les phénomènes de dislocation narrative dans l’organisation du temps et de l’espace des récits. La quatrième partie, présentera une vue d'ensemble sur la composition des romans et examinera les procédures d’unification relative assurant la cohérence romanesque. Nous nous intéresserons, ici, aux univers de valeurs inscrits dans les trois romans à l’étude ; ce qui nous amènera à évoquer leurs aspects axiologiques et leur dimension éthique face à la guerre, destinés à donner au lecteur l'idée d'une recomposition d'une Histoire tragiqueThe present research considers some aspects of dislocated writing under the influence of the memory of war in the contemporary French-language novel. The study favours a narratological approach in three novels: Anna Moï's Riz noir, Andrée Chedid's Le Message and Henry Bauchau's Le Boulevard périphérique. The choice of this corpus gives an overview of three different wars that occurred in the world. However, our study focuses on the tragic impact of war in general on three novels that, albeit being from the extreme-contemporary and coming from different nations, remind the twentieth century. This study aims to analyze how the authors succeed in transmitting the trauma of war, which raises the issues of discontinued and dislocated writing llustrating the hesitations or even the obsessions of an intermittent memory. In the first part, the thesis will focus mainly on the socio-historical changes of the turn of the 21st century and on the perception of a fragmented world, especially in the novel. The second and third parts, mostly emphasizing on narratological aspects, analyze the considered novels as memorial writings and examine the phenomena of a discontinued temporality as well as dislocated space in the composition of the three novels. The fourth part will present an overview of the composition of the novels and will examine the unifying processes ensuring the coherence of the novel. It will focus on the world of values present in the three studied novels evoking the axiological aspects of the novels and their ethical dimension towards war in order to give the reader the idea of a coherent reconstruction of a tragic History
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Issaiyan, Mokhtar. "Les poètes iraniens du XXe siècle devant la littérature française." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC010.
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Cette thèse examine la manière dont les poètes iraniens du XXe siècle ont reçu la littérature française et le rôle que celle-ci a joué, d'une part dans le processus de modernisation de la poésie persane et d'autre part dans l'émergence d'une nouvelle poétique. À cet égard, elle cherche à analyser et à comprendre les rapports que les auteurs iraniens ont entretenus avec les œuvres littéraires françaises et comment ils ont tenté d'imprégner leurs propres productions de cette influence issue de l'Occident. Ce travail de recherche relate l'histoire d'une littérature, en quête de renouvellement, qui conduit finalement, par le biais du poète Nima, à l'avènement d'une Poésie Nouvelle (Še’r-e now). La thèse propose une lecture de cette poésie, à la lumière des œuvres françaises qui l'ont influencée, et donne des clés de compréhension de la poétique nimaïenne et de ses conceptsThis thesis examines the way Iranian poets of XXth century welcomed French literature and the role it played, first in the modernisation process of Persian poetry and secondly, in the emergence of a new poetics. In this regard, this thesis seeks to analyse and to understand the relationships that Iranian authors developed with French literary works and how its western influence pervaded their own productions. This research relates the story of a literature in search of renewal, which finally leads, through the poet Nima, to the rise of a New Poetry (Še’r-e now). This thesis offers a lecture of this poetry, in the light of the French works that influenced it, and gives keys to comprehend Nimaian poetics and its concepts
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Kellett, Lucy. ""Enough! or too much" : forms of textual excess in Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge and De Quincey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:641b0fe2-3b07-46cf-94b6-7d27a2878686.
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My thesis explores the potential and the peril of Romantic literature's increasingly complex forms through a close comparative study of the works of William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Thomas De Quincey. These writers exemplify the Romantic predicament of how to make vision manifest – how to communicate one's imaginative and intellectual expansiveness without diminishing it. They sought different strategies for increasing the capacity of literary form, ostensibly in the hope of communicating more: clarifying meaning, increasing accessibility and intensifying original experience. But textual expansion – materially, stylistically and intellectually – often threatens more opportunities for confused and partial meanings to proliferate, overwhelming the reader by dividing texts and undermining attempts at coherent thought. Expansion thus becomes excess, with all its worrying associations of superfluity. To further complicate matters, Burke's influential tenet of the Sublime makes a virtue out of excess and obscurity, raising the problematic spectre of deliberately confused/confusing texts that embody an aesthetic of incomprehension. I explore these paradoxes through four types of 'textual excess' demonstrated by the writers under discussion: firstly, the tension between poetry and prose adjuncts, such as prefaces and notes, in Wordsworth and Coleridge; secondly, De Quincey's indulgent verbosity and struggle to control the freeing shapelessness of prose; thirdly, Wordsworth's and De Quincey's parallel experiences of revision as both uncontrollably diffusive and statically concentrated; and lastly, Blake's more deliberate, systematic attempt to enact a literary Sublime in which the reader is forced out of passivity by the competing demands of verbal and visual media. All are motivated and thwarted in varying degrees by their anxious preoccupation with saying "Enough", and the difficulty of determining when this becomes “Too much”. These authorial dilemmas also incorporate larger concerns with man's (over)ambition at a time of rapid and unprecedented economic, social and intellectual acceleration from the Enlightenment to industrialism. The fear that the concept and process of 'progress', or 'improvement', marks deficiency rather than fulfilment haunts Romantic writers.
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Miksic, Vanda. "Des silences linguistiques à la poétique des silences: l'oeuvre de Stéphane Mallarmé." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210994.
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Le silence — ou plutôt la grande variété de ce que l’on appelle “silences” — est un phénomène complexe qui prend une part directe dans la dynamique du langage et la création du sens linguistique, mais aussi dans la production du sens symbolique et des effets poétiques. Le travail est organisé en deux parties: la première traite la question de l'acte de silence dans l'expérience linguistique du monde, tandis que la deuxième analyse l'expérience poétique des silences en appliquant les résultats précédemment obtenus au Coup de dés de Stéphane Mallarmé. Plus précisément, dans la partie linguistique, on passe en revue différentes théories pour dégager la place que le silence s’y voit reconnaître. On l’étudie successivement en tant que signe linguistique, en tant qu’acte linguistique, comme élément pertinent, comme procédé rhétorique, comme phénomène symbolique. La partie poétique se fonde sur la théorie de l'évocation pour aboutir, en passant par un chapitre consacré à la poésie moderne dans son ensemble, à l'œuvre de Stéphane Mallarmé, le premier poète qui ait créé une véritable poétique des silences, tant dans ses ouvrages poétiques (dont le Coup de dés est l'exemple le plus radical) que dans ses écrits théoriques.Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation linguistique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Blake, Greyory. "Good Game." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5377.
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This thesis and its corresponding art installation, Lessons from Ziggy, attempts to deconstruct the variables prevalent within several complex systems, analyze their transformations, and propose a methodology for reasserting the soap box within the display pedestal. In this text, there are several key and specific examples of the transformation of various signifiers (i.e. media-bred fear’s transformation into a political tactic of surveillance, contemporary freneticism’s transformation into complacency, and community’s transformation into nationalism as a state weapon). In this essay, all of these concepts are contextualized within the exponential growth of new technologies. That is to say, all of these semiotic developments must be framed within the post-Internet sphere.
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Vélez, Pelaez Sergio Esteban. "Olga Elena Mattei frente al canon de la poesía colombiana de su tiempo (1962-2005)." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14024.
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Ce mémoire vise à placer le travail de la poète colombienne Olga Elena Mattei au sein de la poésie colombienne de son temps (1962-2005).
Dans le premier chapitre, certains concepts théoriques sont définis et le terme «canon», axé sur la poésie, est synthétisé.
Dans le deuxième chapitre, le paysage de la poésie colombienne de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle est défini. La stylistique des poètes les plus importants et jugés comme étant canoniques, est présentée.
Dans le dernier chapitre, les particularités de la poésie de Mattei sont analysées.
Il est conclu qu'Olga Elena Mattei fait partie du canon de la poésie colombienne, mais que son travail a contesté le canon dominant de celle-ci, au fil des décennies, et qu'il a été en avance sur les tendances qui émergeraient plus tard. À titre d'exemple, il est montré comment, dans les années soixante du XXe siècle, quand, en Colombie, la rime et le mètre étaient toujours hégémoniques dans la poésie, Olga Elena Mattei a osé écrire et publier en vers libres. Puis, dans les années soixante-dix, lorsque le vers libre a été accepté et il régnait à la poésie colombienne, Mattei fut la première femme à écrire anti-poésie en espagnol. Dans les années quatre-vingt, alors que l'anti-poésie était la principale tendance en Colombie, Mattei s'est consacrée à écrire de la poésie au sujet de la science, jamais réalisée auparavant en Colombie. Et, dans les années quatre-vingt-dix, lorsque le vers libre est dominant en Colombie, Mattei retourne à la rime.This thesis aims to place the work of the Colombian poet Olga Elena Mattei within the Colombian poetry of her time (1962-2005). In the first chapter, some theoretical concepts are defined and the term "canon", focused on poetry, is explained. In the second chapter, the landscape of the Colombian poetry of the second half of the twentieth century is set. The style of the most important poets, who are considered as canonical, is presented. In the last chapter, the peculiarities of Mattei's poetry are analyzed. It is concluded that Olga Elena Mattei is part of the canon of the Colombian poetry, but her work has challenged the dominant trends over the decades. For example, it is shown how, in the sixties of the twentieth century, when, in Colombia, rhyme and metrics were still preponderant in poetry, Olga Elena Mattei dared to write and publish in free verse. In the seventies, when free verse was accepted and it reigned in the Colombian poetry, Mattei was the first woman to write anti-poetry in Spanish. In the eighties, while anti-poetry was the main trend in Colombian poetry, Mattei devoted herself to write poetry about science, never wrote in Colombia before. And in the nineties, when free verse is dominant in Colombia, Mattei returns to rhyme.
Esta tesina pretende ubicar la obra de la poeta colombiana Olga Elena Mattei en el marco de la poesía dominante de su tiempo (1962-2005), en Colombia. En un primer capítulo, se definen algunos conceptos teóricos y se sintetiza el término “canon”, enfocado en la poesía. En el segundo capítulo, se define el campo poético colombiano de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se discute sobre la estilística de los poetas más relevantes, aquellos que han sido determinados como canónicos. En el capítulo final, se analiza la poesía de esta autora, sus particularidades, confrontándola con el canon antes explicado. Se concluye que Olga Elena Mattei hace parte del canon de la poesía colombiana, pero que su obra, a lo largo de los decenios, ha rebatido el canon preponderante en Colombia y se ha adelantado a las tendencias que habrían de surgir posteriormente. Como ejemplo, se muestra cómo, en los años sesenta del siglo XX, cuando, en Colombia, todavía la rima y la métrica eran hegemónicas en la poesía, Olga Elena Mattei se atrevió a escribir y publicar en verso libre. Luego, en los setenta, cuando ya el verso libre era aceptado e imperaba en la poesía colombiana, Mattei fue la primera mujer en escribir antipoesía en español. En los ochenta, cuando la antipoesía ya era tendencia distinguida en Colombia, Mattei se encaminó hacia la poesía de temática científica, nunca antes realizada en Colombia, y en los noventa, cuando, predomina el verso libre, Mattei regresa a la poesía con rima y ritmo.
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Matheis, Eric. "Capital, Value, and Exchange in the Old Occitan and Old French Tenson (Including the Partimen and the Jeu-Parti)." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8V69GJ7.
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This dissertation examines the genre of lyric debate poetry in Old Occitan and Old French known as the tenson. It evaluates the creation, performance, and diffusion of tensons from the perspective of capital--cultural, social, and economic capital. It views tensons as negotiations between poets for various types of capital. It also briefly uses game theory to analyze certain types of tensons as formal games.
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Martin, Séverine. "Out of the Néant into the Everyday: A Rediscovery of Mallarmé's Poetics." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8QF8QTH.
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This dissertation, focusing on the Vers de circonstance, takes issue with traditional views on Stéphane Mallarmé's aesthetics and his positioning on the relation of art to society. Whereas Mallarmé has often been branded as an ivory-tower poet, invested solely in abstract ideals and removed from the masses, my research demonstrates his interest in concrete essences and the small events of the everyday. As such, the Vers de circonstance offer an exemplary entry point to understanding these poetic preoccupations as the poems of this collection are both characterized by their materiality and their celebration of ordinary festivities. Indeed, most of the poems either accompany or are directly written on objects that were offered as gifts on such occasions as birthdays, anniversaries or seasonal holidays. The omnipresence of objects and dates that can be referred back to real events displays Mallarmé's on-going questioning on the relation of art to reality. As I show, some of these interrogations rejoin the aesthetic preoccupations of the major artistic currents of the time, such as Impressionism in France and the Decorative Arts in England. These movements were defining new norms for the representation of reality in reaction to the changes of nineteenth century society. But as the genetic study of the Vers de circonstance reveals, along with the contextual framing and analysis of his other works, the occasional and the concept of the real play a fundamental role in his poetics at large. On the one hand, the aesthetic concept of the real allows him to draw the attention of his readers to the tension between the concreteness of reality with its elusiveness and ephemerality. On the other hand, the occasional is a way for Mallarmé to humanize the otherwise anonymous and impersonal quality of print. In an epoch when reality became mechanically reproducible and the distance between an author and its readers became increasingly distant and diffuse, the questions posed by Mallarmé on the relation of art to real objects, people and events were fundamental. As I conclude, therefore, the use of widely accessible quotidian objects, the mise en abyme of the visuality of writing, and Mallarmé's programmatic note to the reader to emulate his poetic project, all combine to validate his postulation of a new poetic art turned towards the everyday and his contemporaries.
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Hornišová, Martina. "Poetika Jaquesa Préverta a využitie jeho poézie vo výučbe francúzskeho jazyka." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313809.
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Title of the thesis: Poetics of Jacques Prévert's work of art and the exploitation of his poetry in a French language education. Keywords: poetics, French poetry, French chanson, poetic realism, surrealism, motivation Abstract: The aim of this thesis was to intercept and denote an artistic legacy in Jacques Prévert's work of art which has an overtime value and is capable with its themes of everyday life to also address the contemporary generations. The magic of Prévert's genius consists in his simple language that is spoken by common men, all the people use this language and thus, they could understand it well. A poet intensifies his legacy by series of examples and illustrations of everyday life that make his works accessible for everyone. In a thesis, we have primarily paid attention to the poetics of his large artistic creation by pointing on the particularity of his poetic language, the simplicity and accessibility of his work. Through Prévert's poetry and chanson, we have tried to present French language to teenage students in an inventive and creative way not only as a language itself, but also as a cultural heritage of the country. We elaborated pedagogical sheets in a practical part of a thesis aimed to serve as a methodological resource for the French language teachers.
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Caillé, Anne-Renée. "Théorie du langage et esthétique totalisante dans l’œuvre poétique de Christophe Tarkos." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11641.
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Cette thèse prend pour objet le nouage entre l’autoréflexivité et la mise en forme esthétique dans la poésie de Christophe Tarkos, produite dans les années 1990. Elle met en lumière les rapports entre l’élaboration d’une théorie du langage au sein de cette œuvre poétique et ses visées esthétiques totalisantes. Il s’agit d’identifier les principes générateurs de la théorie et de fournir une analyse de ses fondements qui s’ancrent dans la crise de la représentation moderne commençant dans la deuxième moitié du dix-neuvième siècle. Les motifs de la crise revisités par Tarkos inscrivent sa poésie dans une historicité, et notre thèse tente d’interpréter cette actualisation dans une œuvre qui donne forme au monde et à la mémoire individuelle. L’hypothèse qui chapeaute notre étude est que la théorie du langage favorise l’intelligibilité de l’œuvre totalisante en lui offrant un support réflexif.
Notre thèse, qui privilégie une méthode fondée sur l’analyse des textes, se divise en trois parties. La première propose une recension de la réception critique de l’œuvre, dont nous retraçons les grandes lignes d’interprétation, de Christian Prigent à Jean-Michel Espitallier. Tout en plaçant Tarkos dans le champ poétique français, cette étape nous permet de positionner notre recherche par rapport à certains lieux communs de la critique. La deuxième partie vise à étudier la théorie du langage de Tarkos à partir de ses manifestes principaux (Le Signe =, Manifeste chou, Ma langue est poétique et La poésie est une intelligence) qui révèlent plusieurs principes, pouvoirs et limites de la langue et de la poésie. Afin de montrer la spécificité du concept de la « pâte-mot » de Tarkos, nous l’étudions dans un dialogue avec la figure de la « pâte » langagière chez la poète française Danielle Collobert. La troisième partie propose une étude de la volonté et de l’esthétique totalisantes dans l’œuvre de Tarkos, qui cherche à donner forme au réel. En effet, la poésie répond à l’excès du réel par diverses stratégies. Tout en voulant représenter son caractère débordant par une énonciation logorrhéique ou en usant de procédés comme celui de la répétition, elle cherche à le maîtriser dans des formes textuelles stables comme des fragments de prose « carrés » (Carrés, Caisses), dans des listes énumératives (Anachronisme) ou dans des réseaux d’images. La volonté totalisante chez Tarkos semble également prendre origine dans un sentiment d’urgence qui concerne, en dernière instance, une bataille contre la finitude.This dissertation takes as its object the tie between self-reflexivity and aesthetic form in the poetry of Christophe Tarkos, produced in the 1990s. It highlights the relationship between the development of a theory of language within his poetic oeuvre and aims to illustrate its “totalizing” aesthetics. “Theory” is understood as the combination of reflections, meditations and concepts about language and poetry. This thesis endeavors to identify the generating principles in his poetic oeuvre, which are inscribed within the crisis of representation often seen as originating in the mid- nineteenth century. By revisiting this crisis of representation, Tarkos’s poetry can been seen as being located in a historicity. My thesis attempts to interpret this revisiting process through an analysis of a poetic form that gives shape to the world and to individual memory. My assumption is that the theory of language facilitates the intelligibility of his poetry because it provides a reflexive medium. My thesis, which favors a method based on textual analysis, is divided into three parts. The first provides a review of the critical reception of the work, in which I track major lines of interpretation, ranging from Christian Prigent to Jean-Michel Espitallier. Placing Tarkos within the French poetic field allows me to position my research within the commonplace of criticism. The second part investigates the theory of language in his manifestos (Le Signe =, Manifeste chou, Ma langue est poétique et La poésie est une intelligence) that reveal several principles, powers and limits of language and poetry. In order to demonstrate the specificity of the concept of « pâte- mot » (a dough of words) developed by Tarkos, I compare it to the poet Danielle Collobert’s figurative representation of « dough », as « paste ». The third part offers a study of the will and “totalizing” aesthetic present in the work of Tarkos, which seeks to shape the real. Indeed, poetry answers to the excess of the real by various strategies. While wanting to represent his brimming nature through a language akin to logorrhea or by using methods such as repetition, it also seeks to control it in stable textual forms such as « squared » fragments of prose (Carrés, Caisses), in enumerative lists (Anachronisme) or in networks of figures. Tarkos’s willingness to “totalize” also seems to be rooted in a sense of urgency concerning, ultimately, a battle against finitude.