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1
Feinsod, Harris. "World Poetry: Commonplaces of an Idea." Modern Language Quarterly 80, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 427–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-7777806.
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AbstractThis essay offers a philological career of the term world poetry as poets and scholars employed it and close cognates across the twentieth century (the century in which it first appeared). This career emphasizes trajectories in three of the West’s imperial language formations—poésie mondiale in French, poesía mundial in Spanish, and world poetry in English—but also highlights kindred trajectories in non-Western languages, such as sheʿr-e jahān in Persian and shiʿr fi al-ʿalam in Arabic. Corroborating Édouard Glissant’s claim that “the amassing of commonplaces is, perhaps, the right approach to my real subject—the entanglements of worldwide relation,” the essay argues for an understanding of world poetry as the accumulated philological history of poetic folkways, habits of use, sociological institutions, formations, and conjunctures that group around the term itself.
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Orsini, Francesca. "From Eastern Love to Eastern Song: Re-translating Asian Poetry." Comparative Critical Studies 17, no. 2 (June 2020): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0358.
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This essay explores the loop of translations and re-translations of ‘Eastern poetry’ from Asia into Europe and back into (South) Asia at the hands of ‘Oriental translators’, translators of poetry who typically used existing translations as their original texts for their ambitious and voluminous enterprises. If ‘Eastern’ stood in all cases for a kind of exotic (in the etymological sense of ‘from the outside’) poetic exploration, for Adolphe Thalasso in French and E. Powys Mathers in English, Eastern love poetry could shade into prurient ethno-eroticism. For the Urdu poet and translator Miraji, instead, what counted in Eastern poetry was oral, rhythmic and visual richness – song.
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Mehl, Scott. "Early Twentieth-Century Terms for New Verse Forms (‘free verse’ and others) in Japanese and Arabic." Studia Metrica et Poetica 2, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2015.2.1.04.
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In the first half of the twentieth century, when Japanese and Arabic poets began writing free-verse poetry, many terms were proposed as labels for the new form. In addition to the calques on “free verse,” neologisms were created to name the new poetry. What is striking is that, in these two quite different literary spheres, a number of the proposed neologisms were the same: for example, in both Japanese and Arabic the terms prose poetry, modern poetry, and colloquial poetry were proposed (among others) as alternatives to the label free poetry. This essay provides an annotated list of the neologisms in Japanese and Arabic, with a list of English terms for comparison; and by referring to the contemporary Japanese and Arabic criticism on the topic of poetic innovation, this essay attempts to explain the similarity between the Japanese and Arabic neologisms. In short, the Japanese and Arabophone arguments in favour of adapting the free-verse form were based on similar premises regarding modernity, freedom, and a vision of literary history that was rooted in an evolutionary theory of genre development.
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Barrett, Tim. "Zen and the “Image” in Tang Poetry." British Journal of Chinese Studies 10 (July 2, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51661/bjocs.v10i0.58.
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The purpose of the title of this piece is to suggest that behind the bland exterior of the average medieval Chinese poem (at least in English translation) there may lurk processes of composition entirely unsuspected by the modern reader, aspects of the Tang poem that might repay greater study. This approach, namely meditation as a method of creative inspiration, was far from universal in the poetry of the Tang period, since it seems to have arisen within specific historical circumstances, and though references to it remained and were handed down to later ages in widely read works, it is at present unclear how actively it was practised in later times. However, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that an interest in poetic imagery remained strong in East Asia, raising the possibility that it was this aspect of poetic practice there caught the attention of English language poets in the United Kingdom at the start of the twentieth century as they cast about for new models to replace the poetry of Victorian times. The hope is that drawing attention to this approach to poetic inspiration in this essay may serve as a challenge to the current lack of interest in Chinese poetry translation in the United Kingdom.
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Polovinkina, O. "ENGLISH MODERNISM AND AMERICAN ‘TOURISTS’." Voprosy literatury, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2018-1-209-224.
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In recent years, modernist studies have tended to nationalize issues, putting forward specific features of American and British modernist writings. This article treats Anglo-American modernism in terms of ‘the inverted conquest’ (A. Mejias-Lopez) with America ‘wrestling cultural authority from its former European metropolis’. The article starts with the subject of periphery and centre changing places, first in the imagination of American writers and then in reality. In F. M. Ford’s novelThe Good Soldierthe situation is seen as if the American would absorb the English. An American John Dowell outmatches and ultimately disparages ‘the good soldier’ and a superior Briton Ashburnham. The novel is analyzed as a result of pushing together two ways of writing - English and American (Jamesonian). Louis MacNeice treats the ‘Americanization of poetry’ inModern Poetry: A Personal Essay(1938). InAspects of Modern Poetry(1934) Edith Sitwell affirms the triumph of T. S. Eliot’s early poetry over ‘the bareness of the line’ in Housman’sA Shropshire Lad, famous for its poetical Englishness. A sort of latent urge to reaffirm Englishness against advancing Americanism is obvious in Virginia Woolf’s essays on American writers.
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STEINER, EMILY. "Piers Plowman, Diversity, and the Medieval Political Aesthetic." Representations 91, no. 1 (2005): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2005.91.1.1.
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ABSTRACT This essay argues that later medieval English poetry, and William Langland's Piers Plowman in particular, developed strains of political thought that originated with Continental legal scholars. More specifically, Langland, in concert with other fourteenth-century alliterative poets, helped shape political thought about diversity, an ““unfinished”” project of earlier Continental philosophers and jurists, through radical experiments in poetic form.
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Weiskott, Eric. "Old English poetry, verse by verse." Anglo-Saxon England 44 (December 2015): 95–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100080078.
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AbstractCertain syntactical ambiguities in Old English poetry have been the focus of debate among students of metre and syntax. Proponents of intentional ambiguity must demonstrate that the passages in question exhibit, not an absence of syntactical clarity, but a presence of syntactical ambiguity. This article attempts such a demonstration. It does so by shifting the terms of the debate, from clauses to verses and from a spatial to a temporal understanding of syntax. The article proposes a new interpretation of many problematic passages that opens onto a new way of parsing and punctuating Old English poetry.In this essay in the history of poetic style, I demonstrate that the sequence in time of Old English half-lines sometimes necessitates retrospective syntactical reanalysis, a state of affairs which modern punctuation is ill-equipped to capture, but in which Anglo-Saxon readers and listeners would have recognized specific literary effects. In the second section, I extrapolate two larger syntactical units, the half-line sequence and the verse paragraph, which differ in important ways from the clauses and sentences that modern editors impose on Old English poetic texts. Along the way, I improve the descriptive accuracy of Kuhn's Laws by reinterpreting them as governing half-line sequences rather than clauses. I conclude with a call for unpunctuated or minimally punctuated critical editions of Old English verse texts.
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Iida, Atsushi. "The value of poetry writing." Scientific Study of Literature 2, no. 1 (August 13, 2012): 60–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ssol.2.1.04iid.
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The aim of the current study is to evaluate poetry writing as a way of second language (L2) learning by exploring the interaction between academic prose and the effect of writing Japanese poetry — haiku. This article first describes some critiques of using poetry in educational settings and discusses the nature of poetry writing at the tertiary level in L2 contexts. The study was designed as an intervention in which 20 EFL students in Japan produced pre- and post-argumentative essays and L2 haikus. The data obtained was submitted to statistical analysis, which showed that there was a significant difference in the use of linguistic features between pre- and post-tests indicating that the task of writing haiku affected the EFL students’ written performance in the post-argumentative essay. In addition, the L2 haiku corpus produced revealed the English haiku as short, personal, direct and descriptive poetry.
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Ekman, Gabriella. "Gifts from Utopia: The Travels of Toru Dutt's Poetry." Victoriographies 3, no. 1 (May 2013): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2013.0104.
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Born in Calcutta in 1856 and dying only twenty-one years later of tuberculosis, the young Bengali writer Toru Dutt wrote novels and poems in English and French, translated French poetry into English, and toward the end of her life revisited Bengali myths and tales from the Ramayana in her poetry. Her multilingual poems and translations have traditionally been interpreted as seeking to dissolve or fragment cultural differences. This essay instead argues for Dutt seeking to consolidate difference, reconceived as possibility: by distributing her poems to friends in England and receiving gifts of poems in return, Dutt sought to create a transnational friendship economy involving the material exchange of poetic texts. She then theorises this exchange in the work itself, arguing in novels, poems and inexact translations for regarding the resistant materiality of poetry and language both as imperfect tools that can nonetheless be utilised to forge community and understanding – however utopian, however fragile and temporary – across seemingly incommensurable cultural differences, perhaps even across the inequities of imperial history.
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Bogen, Don. "TRANSLATING THE CANON: THE CHALLENGE OF POETIC FORM." Vertimo studijos 4, no. 4 (April 6, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2011.4.10569.
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The literary translator taking on the task of rendering a major work of European poetry into contemporary English verse faces several challenges in regard to poetic form, including the problem of finding forms in English-language poetry today for conventions derived from foreign literary traditions and the need to engage the historical context of the work without sounding archaic. If a translation is to transmit the essence of a canonical text from a century or more ago, including its formal dimension, it must both convey what is distinct about the original, moving the reader toward the fundamental foreignness of the text, as Schleiermacher advised, and speak to the reader in the language of our time, because a translation that is not recognizable as good poetry in contemporary terms will not be read. This essay will compare the particular strategies of three successful but quite different contemporary translations of canonical works: Richard Howard’s versijon of Baudelaire’s Flowers of Evil, Robert Pinsky’s translation of The Inferno, and Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf.
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Brian, Oxley. "‘Simples are by Compounds Farre Exceld’: Southwell’s Longer Latin Poems and ‘St Peters Complaint’." Recusant History 17, no. 3 (May 1985): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003419320000114x.
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It is understandable that study of Southwell’s life should have had priority over the study of his poetry. This biographical bias is evident in the gaps and weaknesses of existing accounts of his poetry: shortcomings which, I would argue, are regrettable because his poetry could provide a better commentary on his life than the conventional assumptions of hagiography. His Latin poetry, which forms a substantial portion of his poetic output, has been overlooked both in Leicester Bradner’s history of Anglo-Latin poetry, and the more recent upsurge in Neo-Latin studies. A different kind of ignorance surrounds his English poetry. In his poetic masterpiece, ‘Saint Peters Complaint’, Southwell describes Christ’s glance as ‘In cyphred words, his misteries disclosing’. (The words are cyphered because they are zeroes, circles projected from Christ’s eyes. They are also cyphered in being encoded in an image.) The description may be aptly applied to the poem which also consists of ‘cyphered words’. The poem’s code is not difficult to penetrate, but nevertheless this essay represents the first attempt to give an account of the ‘high mysteries’ that it at once conceals and discloses; that is, to elucidate the cryptic aspect of the poem. This gap in the secondary literature exemplifies a more general charge that can be levelled against writers on Southwell: that they have tended to deprecate the mannerism or artifice of his work as somehow detracting from his sanctity, Typically, they present it as an external trapping or disguise which must be discarded in order to reveal the true, natural Southwell. I would maintain, however, that artifice is central to Southwell’s poetry, his conception of religion, and his life.
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Chapman, Alison. "INTERNATIONALISING THE SONNET: TORU DUTT'S “SONNET – BAUGMAREE”." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 3 (June 6, 2014): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000163.
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“When the history of theliterature of our country comes to be written, there is sure to be a page in it dedicated to this fragile exotic blossom of song” (Dutt xxvii). This sentence is Edmund Gosse's famous final flourish to his memoir of Toru Dutt, which introduced her posthumous volumeAncient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan, published in 1882, five years after her death from tuberculosis at the age of twenty-one. But what would Dutt's page look like in the history of “our country,” by which Gosse means of course England? This question is a tricky one, because placing a late nineteenth-century Bengali who was a Europhile, a Christian convert, and an English-language woman poet within a British Victorian tradition is a simplistic, if not a problematic appropriation of a colonial subject into the centre of the British Empire. Where Dutt belongs has long preoccupied critics who try to recuperate her poetry for an Indian national poetic tradition, or for a transnational, cosmopolitan poetics. The issue of placing Dutt allows us also to press questions about the conception of Victorian poetry studies, its geographical, cultural, and national boundaries, not just in the nineteenth-century creation of a canon but in our current conception of the symbolic map of Victorian poetry. But, while recent critics have celebrated her poetry's embrace of global poetry as a challenge to the parochialism of national literary boundaries, Dutt's original English-language poetry also suggests an uneven, uncomfortable hybridity, and a wry, ironic interplay between distance and proximity that unfolds through her use of poetic form. This essay investigates what it means to “make something” of Toru Dutt, in the nineteenth century and in the twenty-first century, what is at stake for Victorian poetry studies in privileging Dutt and her multi-lingual writing, and whether her celebrated transnationalism might not also include a discomfort with hybridity that reveals itself through the relation between space and literary form in her poetry.
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Gardner, Kevin J. "Parish of the Dead." Religion and the Arts 20, no. 5 (2016): 637–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02005004.
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This essay offers an introduction to the poetry of Peter Scupham. Through close readings of individual poems, I demonstrate the beauty and formal accomplishment of his work, and I argue that his poetry embodies his sense of a living Christian tradition, one that also inheres in the English landscape. I further argue that this tradition connects the dead to the living, and the remote in time to more recent English history. The particular Christian ethos of Scupham’s poetry is one in which tradition, order, design, meaning, and essence are paramount.
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Oliveira, Solange Ribeiro de. "Literature and the other arts: postmodern poetry in English." Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2009): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2317-2096.19.1.43-60.
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Resumo: Partindo da tendência pós-moderna para a eliminação de fronteiras entre as artes e mídias, o artigo analisa as relações intermidiáticas frequentes na poesia pós-moderna de expressão inglesa.Palavras-chave: intermidialidade; literatura e as outras artes; poesia pós-moderna de expressão inglesa.Abstract: Starting from the postmodern tendency towards the erasing of frontiers between the arts and the media, the essay analyses the frequent intermedial relations in postmodern poetry in English.Keywords: intermediality; literature and the other arts; postmodern poetry in English.
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Puppo, Ronald. "Making room for small-language imports: Jacint Verdaguer." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 56, no. 3 (October 28, 2010): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.56.3.04pup.
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This essay discusses translation and translator choices in the context of importing a small-language poet into English-language circulation. Small-language imports play a modest but supporting role in counteracting the sort of cultural daltonism that screens any number of cultures and literatures from general global view. Taking the first English-language anthology of poetry by nineteenth-century Catalan-language poet Jacint Verdaguer (<i>Selected Poems of Jacint Verdaguer: A Bilingual Edition</i>, University of Chicago, 2007) as a case in point, the author/translator argues that if the native-culture value of poetic production is to be preserved in the new cultural and literary currency, contextual essentials (historical, social, literary) must be brought to light. Where the texts themselves are concerned, the translator of poetry must seek to re-create the form-content synthesis of the original, even as new intratextual and intertextual meanings and correspondences emerge in translation.
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Record, Alison Kirby, and Adnan K. Abdulla. "On the Difficulties of Translating Haiku into English." Translation and Literature 25, no. 2 (July 2016): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2016.0245.
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The haiku is among the most concrete of poetic experiences, focusing on objects and sensations encountered in the natural world, including human nature. This is one reason why, while all literary texts, and especially poetry, can pose enormous difficulties to translators, haiku has unique ones. This essay is a pragmatic investigation into how issues of language, prosody, and cultural expectation can be resolved to recreate in English a living poem that retains the source text's content, emotional nuance, and aesthetic atmosphere. It proposes the idea of ‘aesthetic equivalence’ and applies it to a number of renowned haiku considered notoriously resistant to English rendition. A number of previous English translations of them are also critiqued.
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Dan, Manolescu. "Book Review: Bhattacharyya, M. (2020). Rabindranath Tagore’s Śāntiniketan Essays: Religion, Spirituality and Philosophy. London & New York: Routledge." Journal of Practical Studies in Education 2, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v2i3.25.
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Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was the first non-European poet and lyricist who received the most coveted of international awards, the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913, “because of his profound sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West.” (www.nobelprize.org ) His most notable work highly praised and duly appreciated by The Swedish Academy was Gitanjali: Song Offerings (1912), a collection of poetry, but Tagore is also famous for having written a variety of genres, including drama, essay, novel, novella, short-story, dance-drama, and song.
While Tagore is recognized today mostly for his poetry, his short stories also proved to be extremely popular in what is called the Bengali-language version of the genre, and his essays reveal another facet of his personality, and that is his philosophical thought in which he distinguished himself as a language innovator. Rabindranath Tagore’s Śāntiniketan Essays were translated and published by Medha Bhattacharyya in 2020 in a book celebrating Tagore’s “fundamental meditations on life, nature, religion, philosophy, and the world at large.” (Flyer, Bhattacharyya, 2020)
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Swann, Marjorie. "The Politics of Fairylore in Early Modern English Literature*." Renaissance Quarterly 53, no. 2 (2000): 449–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2901875.
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This essay argues that Stuart fairy poetry, rooted in Shakespeare's innovative representation of tiny, consumeristic fairies, attempts to indigenize new forms of elite material display. Rather than the fairies of popular tradition or courtly mythography, Stuart poets depict miniaturized Mabs and Oberons who are notable for their wardrobes, banquets, coaches, and the decor of their palaces. The fairy poetry of William Browne, Michael Drayton, and Robert Herrick must be interpreted not as playful escapism, but as a self-consciously politicized literary mode which reveals these writers’ deep ambivalence toward elite culture — and toward their own artistic role within that culture.
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O'Connor, Clémence. "Poetry as a Foreign Language in Heather Dohollau and André du Bouchet." Nottingham French Studies 56, no. 2 (July 2017): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2017.0180.
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This essay focuses on André du Bouchet (1924–2001) and Heather Dohollau (1925–2013), a Welsh poet who lived most of her life in France and is only published in French. Poised as they are between French and English, these poets are uniquely placed to participate in current reassessments of language and bilingualism. Both poets were translators and relied on the experience of linguistic defamiliarization in their poetic practice. They view poetry as the translation of a language into, and out of, itself. By drawing attention to language in its materiality, and to the poem as a visual form, their poetics of ‘difficulty’ (Dohollau) or ‘surprise’ (du Bouchet) compels the Francophone reader to adopt a foreign perspective on his or her own language. Poetry is thus reinvented as the idiome dreamt of by Derrida: a defamiliarizing other language, potentially able to translate otherness in its own terms.
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Bruno, Cosima. "The public life of contemporary Chinese poetry in English translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 253–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.24.2.03bru.
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This essay is an exploration of some of the social and cultural factors that have played a role in the production, publication and reception of English translations of contemporary Chinese poetry, from the beginning of the 1980s to today. The aim is to link translations to the broader context, highlighting modalities and expectations of reception that have evolved within the social structures through which the translation of contemporary Chinese poetry has been circulating: the publishing industry, universities, the periodical press, public intellectual debates, and the market. The article does not try to establish if this or that expectation are either real or perceived features of the source texts. Nor does it deal with translators’ individual interpretations, their private readings. Instead, adopting a wider sociocultural approach, the analysis proposes to shed light on the industrial and commercial dimension—the public life—of contemporary Chinese poetry in English translation.
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Grass, Delphine. "The Democratic Languages of Exile: Reading Eugene Jolas and Yvan Goll's American Poetry with Jacques Derrida and Hannah Arendt." Nottingham French Studies 56, no. 2 (July 2017): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2017.0183.
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Taking from departure Jacques Derrida and Hannah Arendt's divergent points of view on the cultural role of the mother tongue in totalitarian and democratic contexts, this essay investigates the writings of two poets, Yvan Goll and Eugene Jolas, who both wrote poetry in English during their exiles in New York during the Second World War. The essay analyses how issues of belonging and citizenship are approached in their works through the prism of multilingualism for Jolas, and by challenging mono-referentiality in language and proper names in Yvan Goll's Kabbalistic poetry. The essay investigates how both poets and both thinkers tried to reimagine democracy through the prism of multilingualism or mother-tongue expression in their works.
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Anlezark, Daniel. "Poisoned places: the Avernian tradition in Old English poetry." Anglo-Saxon England 36 (November 14, 2007): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675107000051.
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AbstractScholars have long disputed whether or not Beowulf reflects the influence of Classical Latin literature. This essay examines the motif of the ‘poisoned place’ present in a range of texts known to the Anglo-Saxons, most famously represented by Avernus in the Aeneid. While Grendel's mere presents the best-known poisonous locale in Old English poetry, another is found in the dense and enigmatic poem Solomon and Saturn II. The relationship between these poems is discussed beside a consideration of the possibility that their use of the ‘Avernian tradition’ points to the influence of Latin epic on their Anglo-Saxon authors.
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Wishart, James. "Vers une « nuit rougeâtre et non pas bleue »: Olivier Larronde et la résurgence de l’œuvre de Maurice Scève dans les années de l'après-guerre." Nottingham French Studies 57, no. 1 (March 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2018.0200.
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(English): Essays by Jean Tortel and Philippe Jaccottet, along with the recent publication of a text by André du Bouchet, “Les dizains concrastés”, reveal a post-war fascination for the Renaissance poet Maurice Scève and his collection Délie (1544). The collection is rediscovered as a « travail du voir » (Tortel) and valorized for the tension it creates between construction and erasing of poetic form, generating a complex relation to the image. Taking these essays as a starting point, this article presents the first two collections of Olivier Larronde Les Barricades mystérieuses (1945) et Rien, voilà l'ordre (1956), in which Scève's influence is manifest. Exploring the relation of the semantic and the visual, it shows that the figural space of pre-classical poetry informs Larronde's poetry and broader poetic polemics in the 1940–60s.
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Kwong, Charles. "Translating Classical Chinese Poetry into Rhymed English: A Linguistic-Aesthetic View." TTR 22, no. 1 (October 21, 2010): 189–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044787ar.
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Rhyme is an important element in the fusion of sense and sound that constitutes poetry. No mere ornament in versification, rhyme performs significant artistic functions. Structurally, it unifies and distinguishes units within a poem. Semantically, it can serve to enhance or ironise sense. Emotively, it sets up pleasing resonances that deepen artistic appeal. And prosodically, rhyme can be seen as the keynote in a melody: rhyme is a modulator of pace and rhythm, while rhyme change can mark a turn of rhythm and sense in a long poem. Different languages have different combinations of linguistic resources for versification. This essay will revisit the debate on the use of rhymed English to translate classical Chinese poetry, moving beyond the general observations and experiential insights currently available to present concrete evidence on the rhyming resources and practices of English and Chinese. These comparative observations should shed new light on the linguistic and aesthetic issues involved in using rhymed English to translate classical Chinese poetry.
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Yakovenko, Iryna. "Women’s voices of protest: Sonia Sanchez and Nikki Giovanni’s poetry." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 13, no. 23 (2020): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2020-13-23-130-139.
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The paper explores contemporary African American women’s protest poetry in the light of the liberation movements of the mid-20th century – Black Power, Black Arts Movement, Second Wave Feminism. The research focuses on political, social, cultural and aesthetic aspects of the Black women’s resistance poetry, its spirited dialogue with the feminist struggle, and undertakes its critical interpretation using the methodological tools of Cultural Studies. The poetics and style of protest poetry by Sonia Sanchez and Nikki Giovanni, whose literary works have received little scholarly attention literary studies in Ukraine, are analyzed. Protest poetry is defined as politically and socially engaged verse which is oppositional, contestatory and resistant in its subject matter, as well as in the form of (re)presentation. Focusing on political and societal issues, such as slavery, racism, segregation, gender inequality, African American protest poetry is characterized by discourse of resistance and confrontation, disruption of standard English grammar, as well as conventional spelling and syntax. It is argued that militant poems of Sonia Sanchez are marked by the imitations of black speech rhythms and musical patterns of jazz and blues. Similarly, Nikki Giovanni relies on the oral tradition of African American people while creating poetry which was oriented towards performance. The linguistic content of Sanchez and Giovanni’s verses is lowercase lettering for notions associated with “white america”, obscenities targeted at societal racist practices, and erratic capitalization, nonstandard spacing, onomatopoeic syllables, use of vernacular as markers of Black culture. The works of African American women writers, which are under analysis in the essay, constitute creative poetic responses to traumatic history of African American people. Protest poetry of Sonia Sanchez and Nikki Giovanni explicitly express the rhetoric of Black nationalism and comply with the aesthetic principles of the Black Arts movement. They are perceived as consciousness-raising texts by their creators and the audiences they are addressed to. It is argued that although protest and resistance poetry is time- and context-bound, it can transcend the boundaries of historical contexts and act as timeless texts.
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Haile, Getatchew. "Amharic Poetry of the Ethiopian Diaspora in America: A Sampler." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 15, no. 2-3 (March 2011): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.15.2-3.321.
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This essay offers the first English-language translations of Amharic poetry written by Ethiopian immigrants to the United States. Following an introduction to the Amharic language and the central place of poetry in Ethiopian literature and cultural life, the author discusses the work of four poets. The poems of Tewodros Abebe, Amha Asfaw, Alemayehu Gebrehiwot, and Alemtsehay Wedajo make creative use of Ethiopian verbal constructions reminiscent of traditional war songs and verbal interrogations used in legal contexts. Many of the poems speak eloquently of the personal losses Ethiopians have suffered as a result of their departure from their homeland. The essay includes biographical and ethnographic details about the individual poets and various influences on their compositions. (April 2009)
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Cummins, James. "‘The history of Ireland he knew before he went to school’: The Irish Tom Raworth." Irish University Review 46, no. 1 (May 2016): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2016.0208.
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In an interview in 1971 Tom Raworth states ‘I don't really see any reason for a term like “English poet”’ and throughout his career Raworth has resisted such simple national classifications. His work is often discussed in relation to the strong relationship he fostered with American poets and poetics. Raworth, for many, exemplifies the transatlantic conversation that flourished during the 1960s onward. He was influenced by numerous schools of American poetry and would in turn act as an influence to many American writers. As Ted Berrigan states ‘he's as good as we are, & rude a thing as it is to say, we don't expect that, from English poets today, (I wonder is he better?)’. However, considering Raworth's mother was Irish and that since 1990 Raworth himself has travelled under an Irish passport this simple duality of British / American does not go far enough in exploring Raworth's complex national poetic identity. Using a combination of contextual and biographical information alongside close readings of a number of collected and uncollected poems this essay explores the influence Ireland, its culture, religion and history, has had on Raworth's upbringing, his sense of national identity and his poetry.
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Markova, E. A. "THE TRADITION OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ELEGY AND J. BRODSKY’s POETRY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 6 (December 25, 2019): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-6-1030-1036.
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In the present article J. Brodsky’s poetry is analyzed in the context of a particular elegiac tradition associated with some key figures of English-language poetry of the mid-to-late 20th century. These are W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden and S. Heaney. The aim of the article is to examine the continuity of the 20th century English poetry by the example of a sequence of dedication poems (elegies), in which each subsequent poem alludes to the previous one(s). The comparative method allows us not only to show the features of modern English-language poetry (for instance, the link between elegiac mood and reflection on the purpose of poetry), but also to analyze the influence of poets’ interpersonal contacts on their works. Special emphasis is put on J. Brodsky’s poetry as it may seem extraneous to the English-language tradition in question. The analysis of Brodsky’s personal and creative biography, his particular dedication poems and essays allows us to find the links between the Russian poet and the literary tradition of Great Britain, Ireland and the USA.
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Leggo, Carl. "Alphabet Blocks: Expanding Conceptions of Language With/in Poetry." TESL Canada Journal 23, no. 1 (October 1, 2005): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v23i1.81.
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As a poet and language educator, I invite and encourage writers to take risks in their writing, to engage innovatively with a wide range of genres, to push boundaries in order to explore creatively how language and discourse are never ossified, but always organic; how language use is integrally and inextricably connected to knowledge, identity, subjectivity, and being in the world. I invite writers, whether English is a first language or an additional language, to know themselves in poetry, to know themselves as poets. We live in a contemporary culture that mostly ignores poetry. This is unfortunate because poetry invites alternative ways of knowing and being and becoming. I encourage all writers to write poetry, because poetry is a capacious genre that opens up endless possibilities for expression and communication. In this essay I offer a series of poems about language, discourse, epistemology, and pedagogy. I hope these poems will invite language educators and scholars from diverse perspectives and experiences to consider how writing poetry stimulates the imagination and inspires the heart to ask questions about our lives and the world we live in.
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Кузуб, Алёна Владимировна. "J. BRODSKY’S ENGLISH POETRY IN ENGLISH CRITICS." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 5(211) (September 7, 2020): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2020-5-181-191.
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Введение. Рассматриваются высказывания в адрес оригинальной англоязычной поэзии И. Бродского, сделанные англоязычными критиками, поэтами и переводчиками. Все высказывания разделены на группы согласно географической, лингвистической и профессиональной принадлежности их авторов. Большинство характеристик в адрес английских стихов Бродского носят ситуативный, несистемный характер, представляя собой разрозненные высказывания. Объединяет их то, что многие даже самые ярые сторонники английской поэзии Бродского вынуждены отмечать некоторые шероховатости использования им языка, стилистические несуразицы и излишнюю «русскость» английских стихов поэта. Цель статьи – систематизация и критическая оценка подобных высказываний, носящих ситуативный и несистемный характер. Материал и методы. В качестве материала исследования выступили высказывания зарубежных исследователей и поэтов, касающиеся оригинального англоязычного поэтического творчества Бродского, встречающиеся в многочисленных интервью и книгах, посвященных жизни и творчеству поэта. Предметом исследования становится рецепция англоязычных стихотворений Бродского носителями языка. Были использованы методы фронтального анализа и контент-анализа, сравнительный метод. Результаты и обсуждение. Английские стихотворения Бродского до сих пор являются малоизученными, исследователи обходят стороной этот важный пласт творчества поэта, который, однако, может помочь достроить картину эстетического мышления автора до ее логической завершенности. В то время как исследователи традиционно концентрируются на русской поэзии, англоязычной прозе и (авто)переводах Бродского, в фокус данной статьи попадает англоязычная оригинальная поэзия автора – феномен, нуждающийся в более глубоком осмыслении. В работе классифицируются причины обращения Бродского к английскому языку, которые можно разделить на три группы: эстетические, утилитарные, лингвистические. Отношение Бродского к своим английским стихотворениям было непростым. Создание оригинальных поэтических текстов на английском для него было сродни так называемой игре в стихосложение с использованием иного лингвистического инструментария. Он видел в английском стихосложении возможность рифмовать краткосложные лексемы английского языка в различных комбинациях, использовать невозможные в русском языке ритмико-синтаксические структуры, экспериментировать с просодией. Одна из самых больших претензий к английским поэтическим текстам Бродского – некорректное использование им английских идиоматических единиц. По мнению даже большинства доброжелательных критиков, английская идиоматика стихов Бродского бывала проблематична. Многие отмечают взаимопроникаемость и взаимообусловленность русского и английского языков в поэтическом творчестве Бродского. Некоторые находят подобное явление неприемлемым, другие считают это уникальным стилем поэтики двуязычного автора. Заключение. Сделан вывод о том, что Бродский являлся носителем двух национально-языковых культур и литератур: русской и английской. При всем разночтении мнений критиков и поэтов, подавляющее большинство из них касаются исключительно лингвистического уровня оригинальных англоязычных стихотворений Бродского, ни один из критиков или высказывающихся по этому вопросу поэтов не обращается к эстетическому уровню анализа английских стихов автора. Будущее исследование предполагает ответить на вопрос: остается ли мироощущение Бродского русским и в его английской поэзии или оно меняется вслед за языком? Introduction. The article focuses on different statements concerning Joseph Brodsky’s original English poetry made by English and American critics, poets and translators. Aim and objectives. The paper aims to classify, systematize and critically value those statements, which can be described as occasional and unsystematic. Material and methods. The research is based on statements concerning Brodsky’s original English poetical works made by foreign English-speaking philologists, critics and poets. All the statements are found in variety of different interviews and books dedicated to Brodsky’s life and work. The methods used in the research are as follows: frontal analysis and content analysis, comparative method. Results and discussion. Brodsky’s English verses are yet to be studied as for researchers neglect such an important component of Brodsky’s works, which however is to help construct the whole picture of one’s esthetic thinking to its logical whole. As long as philologists traditionally concentrate on Brodsky’s Russian verses, English essays and (self) translations, this paper addresses Brodsky’s original English poetry as a phenomenon craving for deeper scientific understanding. The article brings the light on the reasons determined Brodsky’s turn toward English which can be divided into three groups: esthetic, utilitarian and linguistic ones. Brodsky’s attitude towards his own English verses was complicated. Creating original English poetical texts was like so-called play in versification and prosody with the using of new linguistic tools. He admitted in English prosody ability of rhyming short English lexical elements in broad variety of possible combinations, using impossible in Russian rhythmical and syntactic structures, experimenting with prosody. The paper provides review of statements addressing Brodsky’s original English poetry. All the statements are divided into groups according to geographical, linguistic and professional areas of the authors they were made by. The majority of studying statements are occasional and unsystematic, united however with some same features. Even supporters of Brodsky’s English poetry were forced to mention a bunch of imperfections in Brodsky’s English, stylistic mistakes and too Russian being of his English verses. One of the main grievance about Brodsky’s English verses is his incorrect using of English idiomatic elements. Many underline interferential and interconditional nature of English and Russian languages in Brodsky’s verses. Some consider this feature to be unacceptable, others as a unique style of bilingual author. Conclusion. Finally the article concludes that Joseph Brodsky was a two-cultured and two-language representative: Russian and English. Despite all the deviation in opinion of critics, poets and translators, the majority of them focus solemnly on linguistic level of Brodsky’s English verses. It’s worth noticing the lack of esthetic interpretation of Brodsky’s English poetry. The upcoming research can provide an answer to a question: does Brodsky’s world view remain the same in his English poetry or did it change subsequent to the language?
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Moore, Michael D. "Genre of Genre: Sidney and Defences of Poetry." Florilegium 16, no. 1 (January 1999): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.16.012.
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At the centre of this essay lies a reconsideration of an elusive spirit lurking amid the conventional classical, medieval, and Renaissance gestures of Sir Philip Sidney's Apologie for Poetrie . This underlying principle in the Sidneyan strategy seems also to animate other "defensive" interventions in the history of English poetics, and the mostly unspoken or unspeakable grounds for poetry's traditionally privileged place at the centre of a liberal education. It may accordingly have implications for our ambivalence today about the "uses" of literature in a world (and an academic profession) renewing—yet again—the same pattern of impatient suspicion and adroitly evasive apologia.
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Tartakovsky, Roi. "Towards a theory of sporadic rhyming." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 23, no. 2 (May 2014): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947013502404.
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A surprising amount of 20th-century (and earlier) English-language poetry employs rhyme, but not the rhyme we normally think of, which marks the end of the line in metrical poetry, but a kind of half-intentional half-accidental rhyme that can appear anywhere within the text. This type of rhyming, which I term ‘sporadic’ and distinguish from ‘systematic,’ has illuminating potential as it relies on, but also departs from traditional rhyme functions. As such, it asks for a new theorization. In this essay I elaborate the core characteristics of sporadic rhyming, and then exemplify and qualify these through a series of readings.
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Montori, Irene. "Representing Creation, Experiencing the Sublime: The Longinian Tradition in Tasso and Milton." Sederi, no. 30 (2020): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34136/sederi.2020.4.
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This essay aims to demonstrate how Tasso and Milton were conscious of the Longinian tradition and aware of fashioning a poetry of the sublime when rewriting the story of creation. The author of Il mondo creato incorporates the Longinian model of sublime ekstasis into his concept of meraviglia to construct his own poetics of artistic creation. Despite Milton’s indebtedness to Tasso, in Paradise Lost the English poet distances himself from a full commitment to Longinian ekstasis and locates the sublime in a more dialogical, if not dialectical, compositional model of poetic creation. From a broader perspective, this paper aims to illustrate the centrality of the sublime in fashioning early modern literary poetics.
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Italia, Maddalena. "Eastern Poetry by Western Poets: Powys Mathers’ ‘Translations’ of Sanskrit Erotic Lyrics." Comparative Critical Studies 17, no. 2 (June 2020): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0359.
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This essay focuses on a pivotal (if understudied) moment in the history of the translation and reception of Sanskrit erotic poetry in the West – a moment which sees the percolation of this classical poetry from the scholarly sphere to that of non-specialist literature. I argue that a crucial agent in the dissemination and inclusion of Sanskrit erotic poems in the canon of Western lyric poetry was the English poet Edward Powys Mathers (1892–1939), a self-professed second-hand translator of ‘Eastern’ literature, as well as the author of original verses, which he smuggled as translations. Using Black Marigolds (a 1919 English version of the Caurapañcāśikā) as a case study, I show how Powys Mathers’ renderings – which combined the practices of second-hand and pseudo-translation – are intertextually dense poems. On the one hand, Black Marigolds shows in watermark the intermediary French translation; on the other, it functions as a hall of mirrors which reflects, magnifies and distorts the emotional and aesthetic dimensions of both the classical/Eastern and modern/Western literary world. What does the transformation of the Caurapañcāśikā into a successful piece of modern(ist) lyric poetry tell us about the relationship that Western readers wished (and often still wish) to have with ‘Eastern’ poetry? Furthermore, which conceptual tools can we mobilize to ‘make sense’ of these non-scholarly translations of classical Sanskrit poems and ‘take seriously’ their many layers of textual and contextual meaning?
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Cornelius, Ian, and Eric Weiskott. "The intricacies of counting to four in Old English poetry." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 30, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09639470211012297.
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The metrical theory devised by Eduard Sievers and refined by A. J. Bliss forms the basis for most current scholarship on Old English meter. A weakness of the Sievers–Bliss theory is that it occupies a middle ground between two levels of analytic description, distinguished by Roman Jakobson in an influential article as ‘verse instance’ and ‘verse design’. Metrists in the Sievers–Bliss tradition employ a concept of metrical position (a key component of verse design), yet the focus of attention usually remains on the contours of stress of individual verses. Important exceptions are the studies of Thomas Cable and Nicolay Yakovlev. The theoretical innovations of Cable and Yakovlev, among others, enable a more concise presentation of verse design than anyone writing on the subject has yet offered. The present essay attempts to show what such a presentation might look like, while also giving due acknowledgment to the complexities of position-count in this meter. We presume no prior knowledge of the Sieversian system. Illustrations are drawn principally from Cædmon’s Hymn and the Seafarer.
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Despotopoulou, Anna. "Underwater Monuments: Iossif Ventura and the Poetry of Commemoration." European Journal of Jewish Studies 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11411092.
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Abstract The article looks at Iossif Ventura’s collected edition of “Tanaïs” and “Kyklonio” (two poems commemorating the death by drowning of almost the entire Jewish community of Crete in 1944, published in English in 2015), exploring the themes of memory, trauma, and guilt, while linking the poems’ haunting underwater imagery with current concerns about the deaths of refugees in the Mediterranean. Drawing connections between Ventura, Jason deCaires Taylor’s underwater statues, and Marie Jalowicz Simon’s book about survival in Nazi Germany, Gone to Ground, the essay considers the psychological ramifications of precarious sea crossings aiming at escape and freedom.
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Popescu-Sandu, Oana. "Translingualism as Dialogism in Romanian-American Poetry." Journal of World Literature 3, no. 1 (February 16, 2018): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00301005.
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Abstract This essay examines how translingual poetry by immigrant Romanian writers who live in or travel to the United States requires a transnational community framing rather than a national one and raises new questions about cultural and linguistic identity formation that reflect on both national and world literature issues. This analysis of the Romanian-American contemporary poets Mihaela Moscaliuc, Andrei Guruianu, Claudia Serea, and Aura Maru uses literary and rhetorical translingual theory to show that the “national literature” framing is no longer sufficient to address works created between two languages in a globalized world—Romanian and English, in this case. Born between two cultures and languages, their poetry does not belong entirely to either. In its turn, the national framing—both the Romanian and the American one—can become more porous and inclusive if read through a sociolinguistic “regime of mobility” (Blommaert) lens that gives a more powerful voice to migrant writers.
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Loveridge, Mark. "Matthew Prior’s Alma: Affecting the Metaphysics." English: Journal of the English Association 68, no. 262 (2019): 235–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efz026.
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Abstract This essay provides the first full descriptive and analytical account since 1946 of Matthew Prior’s poem Alma: or The Progress of the Mind (1719), which Alexander Pope described as a ‘master-piece’. Connections are developed between Prior’s use of effervescent figures of speech and narrative tricks, and uses of figurative metaphysical language in Isaac Newton’s Opticks, the Principia Mathematica, and the ‘Leibniz–Clarke’ controversy of 1715–1716. It emerges that the poem’s main subject is figurative language and the arguments it serves. Alma is a very unusual critique of aspects of Newtonian thought, employing techniques of ‘metaphysical’ poetry to poke fun at Newtonian metaphysics.
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Castelli, Elizabeth A. "Paul and Pasolini, Retrospectively." Biblical Interpretation 27, no. 4-5 (November 13, 2019): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-02745p07.
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AbstractThe legacy of Pasolini’s work persists beyond the recent English translation of his screenplay for Saint Paul. This concluding essay then provides a brief reflective extension into three additional genres: painting, poetry, and public art. These artistic adaptations reflect the open-ended impacts of Pasolini’s work, its provocations and excesses in particular evoke a notion of saintliness.
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Galloway, Andrew. "Re-imagining Late Medieval English Poetry: John Scattergood, The Lost Tradition: Essays on Middle English Alliterative Poetry and Nation, Court and Culture: New Essays on Fifteenth-Century English Poetry, ed. Helen Cooney." Nottingham Medieval Studies 45 (January 2001): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.nms.3.331.
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Dodsworth, M. "Jeffrey Wainwright, Acceptable Words: Essays on the poetry of Geoffrey Hill." English 55, no. 213 (September 1, 2006): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/55.213.337.
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Parker, David, and Niall Rudd. "The Common Spring: Essays on Latin and English Poetry." Sixteenth Century Journal 39, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20478865.
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Boffey, J. "The Lost Tradition: Essays on Middle English Alliterative Poetry." Notes and Queries 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/49.1.124-a.
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Boffey, Julia. "The Lost Tradition: Essays on Middle English Alliterative Poetry." Notes and Queries 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/490124a.
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Strier, Richard. "The 2019 William B. Hunter Lecture of the scrc: Paleness versus Eloquence: The Ideologies of Style in the English Renaissance." Explorations in Renaissance Culture 45, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-04502001.
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This essay considers the contrast between plainness and eloquence in some canonical English (secular) lyrics and plays from Wyatt through Shakespeare. Its claim is that in the relevant body of work, and in the culture as a whole, each of the styles bore a specifiable ideological charge. It shows that English secular poetry and drama in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century was profoundly aware of the ideologies associated with the two levels or kinds of style, and profoundly divided in its commitments. In lyric poetry, this is true in Wyatt at the beginning of the sixteenth century and of Sidney at the end. In drama, Shakespeare is profoundly aware both of the styles and of the ideologies with which they are associated. He uses and also critiques both of these in the poems and the plays. Othello is the culmination of both the use and the critique.
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Salamina, Michele. "Giorgos Seferis as translator of T. S. Eliot." Discourse Analysis and Translation Studies 4, no. 1 (June 5, 2009): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.4.1.05sal.
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This essay focuses on how stylistic features of different literary traditions can converge in new poetic works through translation. One such example is represented by the Nobel Prize winning Greek poet Giorgos (George) Seferis, who translated many English poets, among them, T. S. Eliot. An interesting aspect of Seferis’s writing is the role played by translation in shaping his literary works. While many critics, such as E. Keeley (1956), G. Peron (1976), N. Vayenas (1989), have explored the similarities of content and rhetorical technique between the two poets, the influence of translation in shaping Seferis’s poetry has been largely ignored. This study addresses that scholarly gap through a comparative analysis of the corpus of Seferis’s translations of Eliot and that of his own poems written in the same period
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Goodrich, Jaime. "‘Low & plain stile’: poetry and piety in English Benedictine convents, 1600–1800." British Catholic History 34, no. 04 (October 2019): 599–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bch.2019.27.
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This article examines the functional nature of English Benedictine poetry in order to understand the bespoke literary systems that flourished within convent settings. Even as form has emerged as a primary concern within scholarship on early modern women writers, so too are literary critics starting to show interest in the early modern convent as a site of literary production. Uniting these two scholarly strands, this article explores the formal implications of texts written by and for the six English Benedictine convents founded on the Continent during the early modern period. This analysis of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Benedictine poetics reveals that English cloisters on the Continent actively cultivated alternative approaches to textual production, developing monastic modes at odds with the secular literary system of the time. Poetry provides an ideal case study for this discussion of convent style due to its relatively high status among literary forms. By considering Benedictine theories of speech as well as the formal qualities of the verse that nuns read and wrote, this essay will outline how the English Benedictine convents on the Continent developed a distinctive literary system that rejected secular modes in favour of a poetics aligned with monastic humility.
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Gacia, Tadeusz. "“Est locus, aestifero” (Carm. 1.18) as an Example of the Locus Amoenus Topos in the Poetry of Venantius Fortunatus." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 3 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH (October 29, 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.3-4en.
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The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 61, issue 3 (2013).
In this article the author presents the poem “Est locus, aestifero,” which appeared in the first book of Carmina, against the background of the topic of locus amoenus in the poetry of Venantius Fortunatus. The poem has 18 lines and is written in elegiac meter. It is a description of the village (country estate) of Bissonum, near Bordeaux. The ekphrasis, into which are woven the elements of the topic we are interested in, is combined with a very clear motif of laudation. This is a characteristic feature of Venantius Fortunatus’ poetry. The English translation of the poem is an integral part of the essay.
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Waterman, Rory. "‘The Nation Rejoices or Mourns’: Literary and Cultural Ambivalences in Wendy Cope’s Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis (1986)." English: Journal of the English Association 68, no. 263 (2019): 325–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efz016.
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Abstract The poet Wendy Cope gained a huge reputation in the early 1980s mainly for a series of witty and incisive parodies, often under the name of her desperate fictional poète maudit Jake Strugnell, and these poems were collected, along with others, in her hugely successful and influential debut collection, Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis, which appeared in 1986. This book sold almost 200,000 copies, but has been the subject of a very small body of criticism. Many of her contemporary poet-critics were dismissive: in one contemporary review, Peter Riley epitomized a not uncommon reaction when he claimed that no ‘poetic import can be claimed for the book’, and railed against ‘a new audience for poetry, one which must be presumed to have previously fought shy of it as too difficult or too deep’. Certainly, Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis is not a work of avant garde complexity, but Cope’s debut is not as cosily complacent as such critics indicate. It is in fact highly allusive and resistant to orthodoxies – and was a thorn in the side of the literary and cultural establishment into which she was instantly propelled. This essay assesses the ways in which Cope’s debut collection takes an ambivalent, nuanced, and parodic response to British institutions, and to the orthodoxies of the male-dominated literary world she was entering.
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Herlina, Nirma. "TEACHING LITERATURE THROUGH POETRY: A SHIFTING READING ORIENTATION FROM EFFERENT TO AESTHETIC." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.1.2.225-238.
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There is a paradigm shifting in teaching literature from transmission totransactional. However, most of Indonesian English teachers in teachingliterature still apply transmission approach which shows they are not readyyet for the changing. This article attempts to show the shift of paradigm inreading orientations and its implications in teaching literature through poetryby describing the writer�s experience in learning literature through poetry.Discussing six important points, this essay is purposed to give alternativeteaching-learning literature which would provide good points for students aswell as teachers.Keywords: paradigm shift, reading orientation, teaching literature, poetry,efferent, aesthetic