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Journal articles on the topic 'Poets, Tamil'
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1
M, Munees Moorthy. "'Ur (Town)' in the classical theory of Thinai: Based on Aingurunooru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 21, 2022): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1319.
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The land is the basis for the survival of life. Therefore, the ancient Tamil poets and the ancient Tamil grammarians gave more importance to the land in the functions of creation and grammar. It is worth noting here that in the three-subjects distinction between the ecological and moral symbolism of human life (the triad of the first, thematic, and the object), the land and time are the primary objects. The strategies adopted by classical Tamil poets to place internal and external emotions as poems are essentially very important and should be identified separately. In particular, the poets who have written the Agam songs have inculcated in their minds the idea of Thinai theory (land, time, natural resources, etc.). One of the classical books in Tamil is Aingurunooru. The poets who have composed the chapters in this book, which have been planned and recited in five categories, have also composed poems with the names of the towns. The poets have composed the poems with a good understanding of the Thinai. Poets have given a significant place to the land (the habitat) in the singing of nature. This character can be seen in Aingurunooru. We can also take this as a general theoretical concept for the Sangam Classical texts on the place name post, like Orupanai chothukku is oru choru padham (for the entire pot, it is enough to test the single grain for the desired level of cooking).
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R, Subbulakshmi. "The Tamil Poets Unknown to the Tamil World." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22219.
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The foreword to the article titled 'Tamil Poets Unknown to the Tamil World' features a song composed to illustrate the development of the Tamil language. Based on that song, there is a news item in the article which will be set up an introduction to list of poets who were missed their honour by Tamil world. There are four Tamil poets of the same name by the name of Narayanaswamy Naidu, who lived in different cities and wrote different texts. There is a reference to Damodaram Pillai under the title 'Sirukulam Damodaram Pillai' and songs attested by their books Sathurch Siladai Venpa and Sirukulam Vinayakaranthadi. There is a news item titled 'Thiruvenkatachari Puluvar' which was silenced by most of the giraffes. Sodasavadanam Subbarayasettiar is a book written by Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai and inspired by Purasa Attavadanam Sabapathy Mudaliar. The miraculous event that took place at the launch of the book “Mikurasu Malai” written by Saikualip Puluvar under the title Seikualip Puluvar has been compared to the miraculous event that took place when Meenakshiyammai Pillai Tamil written by Kumaragurupar was staged. There are brief messages in the title of the songs sung by the poets who expressed their devotion to God. There are songs sung in praise of the poets, as well as songs sung by the poets. Short notes on poets and names of books written by poets are given in brief descriptions of some of the poets that the Tamil world may have come to know. Explanations for specialty, yatsakanam, vasakappa, sattukkavi, avatanam, etc. are given where necessary. English numbers are used in this article as Tamil numbers cannot be used. The concluding remarks outline the comments that are said to be the final conclusion of the article.
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G Ganeson, Navin. "Highlights of Poet Kannadasan's Poems." Indian Journal of Tamil 4, no. 2 (May 10, 2023): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2322.
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Kannadasan, the king of all poets. He is living as a poet who has taken a noble place for himself in the ranks of poets who have left an indelible mark in literature. It is as if the Tamil mother had given all the knowledge of Tamil available to only one poet named Kannadasan, and his poems leave us in awe. The purpose of this article is to explore the highlights found in poet Kannadasan's poems. This study was carried out with a qualitative approach. This research has been carried out in a descriptive approach using books, and research articles suitable for library research. All information has been analyzed based on the objective of the study. The research data has been classified according to the purpose of the study and analyzed in the text analysis method. Aesthetics, simple style, the personality of the Tamil language, life philosophies, realism, screenplays, and poetry have been identified as the highlights found in poet Kannadasan's poems. Therefore, the highlights of poet Kannadasan's poems are evident in this article.
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S, Mallika, and Vibasri R. "Aesthetic Thoughts found in Natrinai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 21, 2022): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1330.
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Tamil is one of the classical languages with an ancient literary and grammatical tradition. Sangam literature is proof of the classical nature of the Tamil language. The Ettutthokai and Patthuppattu, which appeared during the Sangam age, are called the Pathinenmelkanakku. These depict the domestic and public lives of Sangam Tamils. Through Sangam literature, it is possible to know the lifestyle, culture, customs, etc. of the ancient Tamils. In Sangam literature, the sense of aesthetics is as mixed as flowers and fragrances. It is possible to know through the Sangam poems that the poets of the Sangam period had an abundance of aesthetic sense, which makes the mind of the learner happy in the way of composing the poem, expressing the feeling, and visualizing the concept. The purpose of this study is to explain the aesthetic thoughts contained in Natrinai, one of the Ettutthokai books.
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M. S, Jesintha Grace. "Political Satire in the Collection of Kaiyoppam." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (July 20, 2022): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s813.
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Poetry penetrates human minds and deepens the light of life. In poetry of this nature, poets use a variety of techniques to convey their thoughts to others. Since the satire in them first refers to a literary genre, then the strategy has become systematic. Poet Puviarasu often used this element in his poems and was one of the leading poets of the Vanambadi movement who inspired the development of modern poetry. Diverse, he expresses the misfortunes of today's society in a simple way through his poetry. In his poems, we can see his loud thinking, anger and determination to oppose the ruling class. One who embodies the political and social tragedies in his poems with an satire. Although the regime and power have threatened the people, Tamil poets and thinkers have never accepted the powers of the state as such. Tamil poets are those who think that governance is better only if there is a norm for politics. Political honesty and morality are like two sides of the same coin. But today he is not only pointing out the geopolitical politicians, who have witnessed aspiring leaders fighting for the chair in assembly and parliaments, but also pointing out their rhetoric, actions, powers, and political conduct in their poems and expressing the tone of satire. The purpose of this article is in his long poem, he satire all the possible actions that take place in political systems and powers.
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J, Shyamala. "Contemporary Tamil Poems: Gyno Critic Approach." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-14 (November 28, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s141.
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This article analyses the evidence on Gender – based issues in contemporary Tamil poems written by female authors. The aim of this paper is to find out female centric experience through poems by applying Gyno – Criticism. Gyno – Criticism is the branch of Feminist Literary Theory and studies. This critical term was coined by the famous critic Elaine Showalter. She analyses four theoretical models that explore these differences: Biological, Linguistical, Psychological and Cultural. This study shows that many Tamil poets (Women) represent their experiences and women issues in their work. This study also conveys resistance of social and cultural constructions which make the whole women society become a subordinate group through the attitude and life of women in their poems.
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G, Nirmaladevi. "Social Issues by Tamil Women Poets in their Poems." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (December 8, 2022): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1816.
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Poetry is aesthetic, both readers and listeners enjoy its style. Poetry always requires concept, emotion, imagination and form. Through poetry writer can touch people’s emotions. As the culture of the people changes from time to time, poetry also changes accordingly. These changes are always evaluated by the question whether the changes in poetry relates to the present changes that took place in society. Earlier writers had an opinion that poetic richness do not have anything to do with social sentiments and political leanings. First the Vanampaadi poets added about society and miseries happening in the society in their poems. Following this metaphor, simile, allusion and imageries are used in the poetry. Many ideas that have been buried due to various methods of evaluation are now beginning to emerge. Due to this, we are getting a lot of information. This article examines about the social issues that poets have sung in their poems.
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M, Kowsalya. "Sociological Thoughts in Pathupaatu." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-23 (December 10, 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s22239.
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Even after two thousand years, the lifestyle of the ancient Tamil people and social organization are being talked worldwide and it is because of the ancient Tamil literary texts. Literature is all about creating best ideas of society through words. So Tamil literature is an ark that records culture, tradition, about the social organization of Tamil people, the living conditions, nature, gift, virtue, valor, war, and the tradition of learning. Among them, the Sangam literary book Pathupaatu occupies a prominent place. The purpose of this study is to describe the social thoughts of the ancient Tamils through Pathupaatu. Religious status of Sangam Tamil people, poverty of poets, society based on wealth, professional society, virtues based on life, generosity and excellence in hospitality and character are well explained Pathupaatu.
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R, Jaisankar. "The Family Structure in Puranaanooru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-17 (December 17, 2022): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1724.
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A closer examination of the ancient Tamil literature reveals that the ancient Tamils lived as an ethnic society and later became small kingdoms and empires and became sovereign societies. In this article, the family in the Sangam literature purananooru and their respective structural structures have been described by the poets Ponmudiyar, Oreruzhavar, Perungundroorkizhar, Pandian Arivudaiyanambi, Pandiya Nedunchezhiyan, Perunchithiranar, Kapilar, Paranar, and Arisilkizhar. Moreover, the above poets have pointed out the sense of duty of the family members in the progress of human life.
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N, Krishnaraj. "A Study of the Visionary Thoughts Expressed in Bharathi's Poems." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-11 (September 9, 2022): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1113.
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Bharathi was a poet who brought about a renaissance in Tamil literature in the twentieth century. Mahakavi Bharathi was a pioneer not only in literature but also for the betterment of society and the emergence of equality. At a time when traditional poetry was gaining influence, he began to see a change in Tamil literature with a new technique called modern poetry. Poets are naturally proud to be intellectual. In Bharathi, it was abundant. All creators are prophets. He is a divine seer. Not stuck in one field called creativity. Armed with the weapons of creation, he sowed freedom; raised awareness. The majority of poets write with the past and present in mind. Bharathi composed poems with visionary thoughts, considering the welfare of society and the country. This article is a study of the visionary thoughts recorded in his poems, such as women's education, women's rights, science, technological development, anti-superstition, social progress, etc.
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R, Rajalakshmi. "Humanity in Purananooru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 19, 2022): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1313.
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The Purananooru Thokai is unrivaled among the Tamil treasures compiled and preserved by ancient Tamil scholars. It describes the system of rule of the kings of the Sangam age. It makes us aware of the history and culture of the ancient Tamils. The Purananuru helps us to realize the glories of public life. A closer look helps us to understand the position of the Tamils of the time in the fields of political education, ethics, science, literature, music, and fine arts. The Purananooru beautifully highlights the excellence of the Tamils of that time in qualities such as love, grace, friendship, valour, honour, and charitableness. This book highlights the greatness of Kadayezhu Vallals, poets, crowned kings, leaders of small lands, petty chiefs, poets, brave people, etc. Many songs refer to eighteen Chera kings, thirteen Chola kings, and twelve Pandya kings. The Purananooru mentions the good social life of the Tamils, political awakening, hospitality, high morality, firm principles, wearing mangal sutra, installing the middle stone, fasting during widowhood, the shortening of the meal, the burial of the dead in the thali (pot), and the climbing of the funeral pyre of the husband.
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Bajaj, Nikita. "Suppression to Assertion: A Critical Study of the Selected Poems of Namdeo Dhasal and N.D. Rajkumar." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10128.
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This research paper deals with Dalit poetry in reference to the two collections of poems, namely, A Current of Blood by Namdeo Dhasal and Give Us This Day a Feast of Flesh by N.D. Rajkumar. The selected poems from these collections are critically analysed with the objective of seeking for the picture of Dalits’ life as created by the poets in their poems as well as analysing the poems as the critique of the caste hierarchy. Dhasal who is one of the significant poets of Marathi Literature and Rajkumar who has contributed immensely to Tamil literature spew out their anger and vehemence to castigate the upper-classes of the Indian society which have always acted as the oppressors of the Dalit caste. The poems of these two poets become the voice of the caste which had been silenced for long and thus their poetry has led to assertion of Dalit identity in the mainstream society.
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M, Rukmani. "Feminist portrayal in the poems of Salma and Malati Maitri." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (August 9, 2022): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s845.
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Tamil poets have created, named, categorized, summarized and preserved dialects based on dialects in order to preserve the language they speak. Before exploring the importance of numbers in language it is necessary to know the design of grammatical literature. It is possible that the Sanskrit poets called the text grammar of the words when they recorded the language, they created in the journals so that it would be known to the world, and the textual literature of the world empirical biographies based on his linguistic ability. By learning the language of counting and writing as the body and soul direct the human being, it is possible to know through the Tamil numerals that the numbers representing the measurements are also designed while the letters are being created. The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the measurements that have taken place in human life, with descriptions of messages, numbers, and nouns. The importance of numbers has been highlighted in explaining the alphabetical order of the letters and the alphabetical alphabets created for the Tamil language under the heading of letters and numbers, as well as the design of the vowels formed with the primary letters. The use of numbers in the classification of letters by alphabetical order is illustrated by the use of numbers to distinguish vowel letters into vowel, melody, and interjection types, and to point and quote characters. The words created for measurements such as size and mass are the primary letters of the words and the reasons for giving a special place to measurements in Tamil are explained. In order to give Tamil a lofty place in the world languages in the end, there are poems in which the Tamils use their numbers to indicate the year of publication, the year of an action, the time of action, and the number of soldiers involved in the war. The conclusion of the study is outlined.
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R, Subbulakshmi. "Numbers in Tholkappiyam Eluthathikaram." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s252.
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Tamil poets have created, named, categorized, summarized and preserved dialects based on dialects in order to preserve the language they speak. Before exploring the importance of numbers in language it is necessary to know the design of grammatical literature. It is possible that the Sanskrit poets called the text grammar of the words when they recorded the language, they created in the journals so that it would be known to the world, and the textual literature of the world empirical biographies based on his linguistic ability. By learning the language of counting and writing as the body and soul direct the human being, it is possible to know through the Tamil numerals that the numbers representing the measurements are also designed while the letters are being created. The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the measurements that have taken place in human life, with descriptions of messages, numbers, and nouns. The importance of numbers has been highlighted in explaining the alphabetical order of the letters and the alphabetical alphabets created for the Tamil language under the heading of letters and numbers, as well as the design of the vowels formed with the primary letters. The use of numbers in the classification of letters by alphabetical order is illustrated by the use of numbers to distinguish vowel letters into vowel, melody, and interjection types, and to point and quote characters. The words created for measurements such as size and mass are the primary letters of the words and the reasons for giving a special place to measurements in Tamil are explained. In order to give Tamil a lofty place in the world languages in the end, there are poems in which the Tamils use their numbers to indicate the year of publication, the year of an action, the time of action, and the number of soldiers involved in the war. The conclusion of the study is outlined.
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K.S, Punidavathi. "Specialties of Tamil in Vaanidasan's Works." Indian Journal of Tamil 4, no. 3 (August 20, 2023): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2333.
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Poet Vaanidasan can be admired as "poets are born not made". Poet Kannadasan has mentioned in Thentral magazine that if his works are translated into English, he may win the Nobel Prize. In the history of twentieth century literature, he is distinguished as an ideal poet and influenced by poet Bharathidasan. He is Bharathidasan's first student. He has received all the special titles like Tamil Kaatha Pudumai kavinar, Poet of Nature, Bhavalar Mani, Kavinareru Bhavalar Mannan. Awarded "Chevalier" by the French Government. All his poems are about Tamil language, Tamil people, it's culture, features and so on. He gave importance to nature. A poetic voice for the advancement of women. This article aims to highlight the special features of Tamil that are revealed in the works of Vaanidasan.
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N, Rasendran. "Beliefs on time tested karma in Tamil literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (June 16, 2021): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s122.
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The presence or absence of karma depends on one's belief. Since the Sangam period, the belief in karma existed in the society according to the ample evidences drawn from the Tamil literature. These evidences on karma are available in all ages such as Sangam literature, epics, middle age literature, contemporary literature. The concepts related to karma available in the poems of Kaniyan poonkundran are reflected even in the Bharathiyar's poems. Contemporary poets also express the karma based concepts in their creative works. This article analyses the supportive role of time-tested karma in the positive social reforming.
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M, Prakash. "Sangam Tamil and Kalaignar." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 3 (August 16, 2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2235.
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All the glories of Tamil sung by Sangam poets during the Sangam period, Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi tried to write in a simple style in the weekly magazine 'Kungumum'. As a result, today we have in our hands a great "Sangam treasure". Yes, many have studied the Sangam literature. Very few have searched for the treasure of Sangam literature out of interest and love for Tamil and brought it to the people. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi's works are multifaceted in signification. Regarding Sangam literature, he selected some songs and divided them into internal and external genres and gave an explanatory speech in his own style as to heroism and love. He regarded the Sangam literature from a new angle, enjoyed it, and made it understandable to the common people. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi can also be mentioned in that line. This article examines some of the poems in his work from the Kalaignar's point of view.
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K, Vennila. "Moral Principles of Women Poets in Purananuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (December 10, 2022): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1978.
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Purananuru is a book that can be regarded as the historical treasury of Tamil literature. The culture, tradition, knowledge and commerce of the Tamils have been gathered together and become a literary ark. Women also excelled in the Sangam period because it was a time of emphasis on women's education. Women poets of the Sangam era have gained equal rights to men as a writer and have expressed their personality and ideas in a dignified way. These women did not hesitate to teach virtues to people through communal ideas. The purpose of this article is to bring out the moral principles of female poets in Purananuru from a social point of view. The personality of women poets in Purananuru, their hospitality, their modesty, their tendency to tell about the shortcomings of kings without hesitation, their courage, participating in the development of the country, and the heroic spirit of women poets are recorded in this article.
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Krishnamurthy, S. "Revolutionary Elements in Bharathidasan Songs." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2022): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i3.4684.
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The revolutionary poet Bharathidasan is notable among the unparalleled Tamil poets of the twentieth century. Many contributions were made for the liberation of India. His songs of liberation caused a stir among the natives. Aware of his contemporary social status, Bharathidasan was passionate about the need for Tamils to excel on the world stage. Bharathidasan can be described as a social activist who set out to eradicate the superstitions and social ills that pervaded his contemporary Tamil community in his songs. Bharathidasan is proud to be the first Tamil poet to have given voice to songs for the betterment of women and advancement in life. The purpose of this article is to explore the ideas of revolutionary elements found in the various songs of Bharathidasan, who was a firm believer that the country would prosper only if women progressed.
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T, Sheeba, and Praveen Sam D. "Literary Interpretations based on the studies on Occasional Verses of the Medieval Period." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 3 (July 23, 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21311.
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Poets recreate their innermost feelings in the minds of the readers through their poems. In addition, the vast majority of occasional verses sung on poets’ own emotions. They are therefore classified as autobiographical poems. In these songs, poets not only write about the beauty of nature but also about their experiences of life and the literary world. Literature composed of pleasure, humour, carefree contentment, and the emotions of fear, sadness, anxiety, pain, rivalry, jealousy, frustration, and struggle are largely discussed in the occasional verses of medieval literature. The role of literature in the sociological and psychological analysis of the everyday life problems of poets becomes an integral part of their themes. How do the problems that this society affect the soul of an individual? In it, one can learn from the literature of the time. The success of the creators is that they create the best literature related to human life. Further, the uniqueness and personality of a poet are known by the excellence of his or her conceptual style. This article studies the verses that have been excluded from the history of Tamil literature, and known as the "Occasional Verses Collection (Single Anthology)".
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K, Sivamani. "Rural Cultural Elements Presented in the Poems of the Poet Sirpi." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 1 (February 28, 2022): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s136.
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The earthy antiquity and culture of the writer can be speaking the strength of his writings. The culture can serve as a bridge between the people who followed the ethics to live the better life and their living environment. One of the most noteworthy poets and sculptors in the history of contemporary Tamil poetry. One of the most noteworthy poets and sculptors in the history of contemporary Tamil poetry. A village river on the banks of the poet-sculptor's poem is a unique rural story based on the lives of human beings who are realistically moving. As a Kongu vernacular poem, it is full of pro-speech and eloquent poetry. Thus, this article outlines some of the anthropological elements found in the poems of The Poet Sirpi, such as the cultural elements of the rural people of the Kongu region, such as the realistic mind of the rural people, the unpretentious way of life, the relationship, the harmony with nature, the cultural specialties, the friendship, the regional case.
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S, Martin Raja, and Rajasekaran M. "Postmodern Politics Found in Tamil Modern Poetry." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 4 (August 26, 2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2242.
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One of the two notable elements of modernist politics that emerged in the West was fundamentalism, and the other was identity politics. Postmodern politics encompasses the inadequacies of modernist politics and alternative political ideas. The three elements of unleashing politics, the politics of remnants, and the politics of difference give rise to a fundamental understanding of postmodern politics. It is also necessary to divide it according to the Tamil context into differential feminist politics, Dalit feminist politics, Dalit politics, rainbow coalition or fusion politics, marginal politics, and Periyarist politics. Based on this, the postmodern politics found in the poems of modern Tamil poets such as Salma, Sukirtharani, Sivakami, Thirumagan, M.T. Muthukumarasamy, and T. Kaverinadan have been explained through this article.
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A, Sasikala. "Cultures Shown by the History of Holy Places in Pillaittamil Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 17, 2022): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s623.
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One of the main civilizations of Tamil is culture. It has been said in ancient times that 'Characterization is singing and behaving'. Considering this culture, the cultural elements that are taking place in literature have been studied in detail. ‘Pillaithamil’ is a genre of Tamil literature in which poets imagine their favourite God, the Goddess, the king, and eminent poets as small children and sing. In this way, there are seven Pillaithamil literatures about God Muruga under study. This study explains in detail the history and culture of the Pillaithamil literature, such as Thiruchendur Murugan Pillaithamil, Kumaramalai Murugan Pillaithamil, Athitthala Murugan Pillaithamil, Seyur Murugan Pillaithamil, Muthukumaraswamy Pillaithamil, Tiruporur Murugan Pillaithamil, and Etikku Murugan Pillaithamil. This review is based on establishing and telling about ancient Tamil culture through the use of architecture, painting, and sculpture from their history.
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S, Sureshkumar. "Semantic Theory in Ainkurunuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (February 24, 2023): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s19101.
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The Tamil language can be said to be the oldest of the world's languages. Tamil literature deals with various aspects of life. They contain a variety of literature, grammar, stories, essays, poems, proverbs, etc. Moreover, the Sangam literature depicts everyday life. From the Sangam age to the present period, a variety of writers and books have appeared. The Sangam literature consists of a large number of sections viz., Ettutthokai, Patthuppaattu, and Pathinen Kilkanakku books. Though there is Akam and Puram in the Ettutthokai of Sangam literature, in the third of Ainkurunooru ten songs to each of five thinais, that is five hundred songs are found. All of these songs were sung by different poets at different times and in different contexts. Though all the Pulavars are Tamils, they all belong to different periods. The Tamil language can vary from time to time. Therefore, the vocabulary of each scholar can vary. It was the Ettutthokai that beautifully illustrated the conditions of life of the people of the Sangam age and compiled them as well as illustrated them clearly. Moreover, the Ettutthokai volume of books has shown the true feelings of the people of the Sangam age such as valour, love, justice, benevolence, humanity, pride, and warmth. In Sangam literature, the imaginary lines about love are classified as Akam and the fields of life such as heroism, love, charity, etc., are classified as Puram.
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E, Soundarya. "Arivumathi and Dravidianism." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (August 25, 2022): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s540.
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Superstitions, rituals, religion, and godly principles that arose from the emergence of the Dravidian movement and the rise of the Dravidian race are enslaving the people. It was through this that those human beings created ups and downs among themselves and locked up the slave animals for themselves. Untouchability was an act of demeaning a man. This atrocity of untouchability was seen in restaurants, art halls, buses, and even schools, with separate cups, separate seats, and separate sections. In addition to demeaning women, there were many oppressive policies in Tamil Nadu, such as that a woman is a slave to a man, home, and society. The Dravidian movement was a movement that emerged to rescue the people from many more such forms of oppression. Even Tamil, the oldest language of the Dravidian languages, began to lose its uniqueness at some point. In order to bring the Tamil language out of this decline, the speakers of the Dravidian movement like Thanthai Periyar, Anna, and Kalaignar promoted Tamil through their self-conscious speeches. Similarly, many poets of the Dravidian movement, like Bharathidasan, Suradha, Vanithasan, etc., through their writings, worked hard to make the Tamil language flourish on our soil again. Arivumathi is one of those who have been attracted by such principles and who is now a poet of the Dravidian movement. The Dravidian thoughts found in his poems can be seen in poems such as his unique Tamil principles, his attachment to race, the restoration of slavery, and his concept of untouchability.
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Sankar, M. "Paththuppaattu in Classicism View." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v8i2.6728.
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Government of Tamil Nadu established the classical character of Tamil. Tamil Language is ancient; Rich in many literary grammars; The classical merit of Tamil has been proved by the collaboration of various scholars as traditional. Today 41 texts are listed by the Government of Tamil Nadu as classically deserving. Decimals have a unique, special place in that list. Because kings or vultures are the leaders of the song. The researcher is of the opinion that the texts (Ten Idylls) must have been song by royal poets. Nevertheless, the tenth is a repository of ancient Tamil culture, both internal and external. This article seeks to explore Ten Idylls by presenting an explanation of classics and classical qualifications.
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P, Lavanya. "Kadaiezhu Vallalkal as shown in Puranaanuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (July 20, 2022): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s816.
Full textAbstract:
The Sangam period is from BC 48 to 300 AD. Through ancient Tamil literary works, one can learn about the lifestyle of the kings and poets of that time. Sangam literature helps to know the cultural messages of the people: types of food, types of dress, houses they lived in, occupations they did, social messages, customs, etc. Purananuru, an ancient Tamil literary work, reflects the lifestyle of the individuals of that time. The kings of those times were talented. They enjoyed giving gold and material to the poets who sang for them. Sangam literature tells us that the kings took pride in being sung by poets. References to many benevolent kings are widely available in the classical literature. In ancient times, charity and gifts were seen together. In ancient times, kings were tributaries. Through classical literature, the joy of giving abundant gold and material to poets and others who are singing to him can be felt. Paari, Kaari, Ori, Athiyan, Began, Nalli, Ai, Andiran, etc. were hailed as the Kadaiezhu Vallalkals (seven benevolent kings). Paari and Began became indestructibly famous by giving a chariot to a jasmine creeper plant and a blanket to a peacock. It is found that the Aatruppadai literature speaks of the generosity of the kings. The generosity of the kings can also be seen through inscriptions and coins. This article examines the charity of Kadaiezhu Vallallkal of ancient Tamil land through Puranaanuru.
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S, Mohamed Azrin, and Selvaraju T. "Educational Ideas in Moral Tamil Literature." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (November 11, 2022): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2243.
Full textAbstract:
In the Pathinenkilkanakku collection of books that arose in order to uphold righteousness, and in the moral books that followed them, the poets have expounded educational thoughts with interesting songs. Our forefathers have sung songs in Tamil texts even before western scholars have spoken about the importance of education. The kings of the Sangam age ruled the country with the help of learned men. An uneducated person, even if he had acquired a great deal of wealth, was treated with contempt. The authors of the moral books, who know the importance of education, have not only mentioned righteousness in their books but have also praised education in many songs. Thus, the songs of the poets of the moral book become the subject of study under the categories of merits of education, method of obtaining education, method of education, mode of expressing education, and the status of the unlearned.
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K, Preetha. "Kaviko's 'Ghazal' Songs - A Glimpse." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-3 (July 16, 2022): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s322.
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Twentieth century Tamil literature is considered to have reached the peak of social change. Such literary forms have in themselves an expression of sentiment similar to that of Sangam literature. Tamil Modern Poetry is based on the intellectual genre of Tamil that subtly conveys the call for social change. Traveling with the ideas of various creators, Tamil poetry is a field of study that is still appreciated today. Kavico Abdul Rahman is one of the few poets who can ever be thought of in the history of Tamil poetry. He has achieved many achievements through his socially conscious writing journey. His writings are profound, meticulously recording individual emotions. In his poetic works, poet Abdul Rahman has taken many new initiatives. One of them is the "ghazal" literary genre. It is a two-line song that is called "Kanni." These ghazals are mostly about love. Abdul Rahman wrote the ghazal in a new poetic style and sang it on all subjects. Out of the two volumes of poems, ‘A Letter from Minmini’, and ‘Secret Flower', written by him, only 'Rakasiyapoo' was taken as the subject of the study. Many poems, including love, God, philosophy, society, and fantasy, are included in the ghazal volume. They are resourceful in the aspect of cultivating minds. Therefore, this article is based on the above-mentioned subjects as sub-headings. 'Whenever my mind gets dirty, I bathe in poetry' is the ghazal of the poet. Each of his ghazals is a boon to the heart, forming a watery flower bed and giving pleasure.
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T, Chandra. "Cultural Inscriptions in the Hymns of Anonymous Sangam Poets." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 18, 2022): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s624.
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Among the languages of the world, Tamil is hailed as the supreme classical language. Tamil is an ancient, classical, and prosperous language. Literature is one factor that enriches the language. In the Sangam society, which was centred on human life, honour for men and chastity for women became ornaments. People lived a cultured life where they lived and let others live. They accepted married life in the community wholeheartedly. Hospitality was prized as the chief virtue. The author names of many hymns are unknown in the Sangam literature, ‘Ettuthogai’, which is such a cultural treasury and primary literature. This research explores the richness of cultural richness, lifestyles, and beliefs found in the songs of anonymous poets.
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Tschacher, Torsten. "(De-)Limiting the Universal: Engaging with Arabic in Muslim Tamil Poetry." Philological Encounters 4, no. 1-2 (December 13, 2019): 80–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340060.
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AbstractThis article explores how the encounter of Arabic with Tamil discourses on language limited as well as enabled a particular instantiation of Islamic discourse. It argues that, rather than allowing a hyperglossic extension of Arabic grammatical and poetical discourses to Tamil, Muslim Tamil poets clearly demarcated the respective domains of Tamil and Arabic grammar, thereby making each relevant only to the language it originally defined. The prime space of interaction between the two languages was afforded by Arabic vocabulary, as Tamil grammar implicitly permitted the utilization of Arabic words in Tamil poetry. The equalization of the two languages in the realms of grammar and poetics was, however, threatened both by Arabic’s simultaneous status as a divine language and by the porousness of the boundary between the two languages occasioned by ignorance of the system of equivalences created through learned discourse.
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K, Jinimol, and Mahalin Chanthira S. "Life Virtues of the Ancient Tamils in Akananuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (December 10, 2022): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1922.
Full textAbstract:
Akananuru shows up the life virtues of the ancient Tamil people. In this way Sangam literary works are loaded with moral values. Sangam period is the golden age for Tamil people and is the best literature of Tamil. Sangam literature includes Ettuthogai and Patthupaatu. This literature presents the life and history of the ancient Tamil people. It was composed by 473 poets; this collection contains 26,350 lines and 2,387 hymns. When the Tamil people starts to follow good deeds in their life, automatically their life will stabilize. In this way, Akananuru becomes a treasure that regulates life. It was compiled by Urithrasanmanar, son of Madurai Uppurikudikilar. Compiled by Pandyan Ukura Peruvaluthi. It ranges from 13 feet to 31 feet. This book is also known as Nedunthogai, Perunthogai Nanuru, Agappaatu. In this article the dignity of women and their virtues are important. The article also determines women’s high quality of chastity. Our ancient couples were the ones who lived a wholehearted life. The husband and wife enjoyed themselves by giving food and entertaining the guests and no estrangement between them. The ancient Tamils enjoyed sharing food with others. Their family life is filled with love and virtue. Giving to the bereaved is also a form of charity. The ancient Tamil people who lived with the principle that action is the life of a man, valued materialism as one of the duties. They managed a beautiful household with the material obtained through great effort. Friendship is more important for them than life. They lived in harmony without showing hatredness.
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V, Nagalakshmi. "The Historical records of Sangam’s Akam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 3 (July 17, 2020): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt20321.
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The History of Tamilnadu is two thousand years old. The Sangam literature helps to understand the history of ancient Tamil Nadu. As we know, Historical records, stories, and evidences abound in Puram poems of Sangam literature. Although it is about the Akam poems, there are several historical references to know about ancient Tamizhagam. The poets manipulate parables, to make imperceptible to perceptible and making in a way to give pleasure for the adorned. It is the opinion of the authors that, the parables, have been used more in the Akam material than in the Puram material. The parables used in a perceivable way in the Akam literature to convey and express the sentiments and feelings of the chiefs, and for commenting and entertaining of the historical messages. The poets have sung about the three kings (Moovendhars), chieftains (Kurunila mannargal), philanthropists, valor, war, town, country and donations through the expressions and emotions of Thalaivan (Hero), Thalaivi (Heroine) and by the parables. Through the poems, come to know that, the soldiers who died heroically in battle are honored by planting hero stones. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the historical references, sung in the five anthologies of Ettuthogai.
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Anbarasu, M., and D. Udhaya Nandhini. "The Phases of Flower in Sangam Tamil Literature." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i1.3161.
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A flower is the reproductive part of flowering plants. Within the flowering stage of flower had different phases like Arumbu / Bud, Mottu / Tender flower Bud, Mugai / Opening bud, Malar / Flower blossom, Alar / Full-blown flower blossom, Vee / Flower drying and Semmal / Faded flower in Sangam Tamil literature. The Sangam Tamil literature was accompanied of Tamil scholars and poets that, according to phases flower are indicated in Thirukkural, Narrinai, Purananuru, Kuruntokai, Silappatikaram, etc., This review is more useful to researchers for understanding the floral scent properties relation to phases of flower and associated with releasing dynamics for fragrant / scent out of flower.
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A, Suthakar, and Sethu Kalpana S. "Meera the Poet and Dravidian Ideology." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (August 25, 2022): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s527.
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Poet Meera is an eloquent and conceptual interpreter, who uses simple words to polish profound ideas into her poetic wit. Poet Meera is a poetess who added beauty to Mother Tamil. Ever since her childhood, she had an insatiable love for poetry and poets, and to that extent the Dravidian Kazhagam worshipped the rationalists of the Dravidian movement like Periyar, Anna and Kalaignar. She was born to restore human society like a Sivagangai Seeman. This article explains the human feelings, progressive thoughts, the words she wanted to say emphatically and deeply, poems and essays by aligning them with Dravidian principles.
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M, Sankar, and Annadurai T. "Women's Expression in Lullabies." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (December 8, 2022): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1834.
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Literature is the mirror of life. Tamil literature portrays the background influences of human life. Folklore is a growing genre in Tamil literature. Folklore is the collection of incidents that occur in the life of the people from birth to death. Folk songs delight not only the singers and listeners but it also makes the poets and great peoples happier. Many poets are influenced by folk songs. Lullabies is a kind of folk songs. Lullaby is the first song that a child hears after his/her birth. Even the words are not understood by the child, the music of lullabies make child to fall asleep. Lullabies varies from region to region and from town to town. Although their purpose is the same, the theme, the situation, the mother's imagination and the words of the song vary according to their local dialect.
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Ramaswamy, Sumathi. "Language of the People in the World of Gods: Ideologies of Tamil before the Nation." Journal of Asian Studies 57, no. 1 (February 1998): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659024.
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Once upon a time, long before the rise of the modern nation, a language named Tamil wandered about in a world inhabited by divinities and extraordinary beings. This was an enchanted world of miraculous events and wondrous deeds, where the dead were brought back to life, and deserts transformed into fragrant groves; and where verses in Tamil cured fevers, stopped floods, and impaled enemies. It was a world in which poets, because of their mastery of Tamil, lorded over the gods themselves, and in which celestials vied with each other to win the affections of the language. There were even those who insisted that devotees of Tamil could look forward to a life amongst the gods, while its enemies were destined to languish in hell.
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T, Jayalakshmi. "Hanuman and Veeravakudevar." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2137.
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Contributions of Tamil Bhakti poets to the literature have been significant in the past along with the contributions that they made to the social upliftment of the society. Ramavataram, popularly referred to as Kamba Ramayanam, is a Tamil epic that was written by the Tamil poet Kambar based on sanskrit version of Valmiki Ramayanam that describes the life of King Rama of Ayodhya. In this epic Hanuman is a imporatant character. The Tamil poet Kachiyappa sivachariyar greatest composition is the Kandha puranam based on sanskrit version of Sivasankara sangithai. The great warrior Veerabagu Dhevar is close associate of Lord Muruga. This article mainly focuses on stunning similarities between the supernatural powers of the ardent devotee, dedicated Hanuman described in Kamba Ramayanam and Veerabagu Dhevar in kandha puranam.
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D, Indirakumari. "The Etymology of the Archived Tamil Female Characters." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21129.
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The universal unification of the Lord siva and sakthi was the result of creation of woman. The woman was glorified by the poets like valluvan, kamban, and Ilango and they were felicitated by Bharathi. "Panjali Sabatham" was a revengeful epic of Bharathi and he created Panjali as an eminent equivalent to the prisoned persona Seetha, and virally virtuous Kannagi. The speaking skill of these three characters was exhibited marvellously by the creativity of the poets. The object of this research is to exhibit the exuberant speaking skill of these characters. The argumentative speech of Kannagi to prove the innocence of her husband towards the Pandiya King and Seetha against the pleading Ravana, and Panjali who was ashamed by her relatives were taken for research. The research also brings out the heroic nature of these characters through their speech was the reason for the stability of these three epics.
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K, Latha, and Shanthi G. "Biographical Thoughts of Pattinapalai." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2212.
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Pattinapalai is one of the literatures that testifies to the life lived by the ancient Tamil people. This book is composed by the poet Uruthirakannanar. The specialty of the ancient Chola country, its wealth, the heroic deeds of Charikalan and the way of life of the people are highlighted. The song is set at 301 feet. Pattinapalai is the epitome of the charcoal Chola specialty of Kavirippoompattinam. Sangam literature holds a unique place in the creative context of Tamil literary history. The Sangakkala people can be discriminated against as natural morality because they lived with natural morality and as heroic age because of the emphasis on heroic sentiments. Songs are a mixture of literature and life. Sangakkala songs are also known as people's life songs. Most of them are spontaneous poems that express their innermost feelings. The study is set to explore the emotions of the poets, the lifestyles of the people, and the thoughts of life.
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Santhirasegaram, Sinnathamby. "Song Composition Systems of Sri Lankan Tamil Rural Poets." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i2.3485.
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There is a long tradition of folk song called Folk ballads (Kaddup padalkal) among the Sri Lankan Tamils. These songs, written by somewhat literate rural poets, are written on the paper or published as pamphlets, as small print copies. But, in their practical way, they are mostly handed over orally.When these Folk ballads (Kaddup padalkal) compose by the rural poets, they follow some rules and regulations. Linguistic regulations are the main one of them. These rules clearly distinguish oral literature from written literature. It has been generally followed that songs should be composed mainly on the basis of various verbal elements. Namely, different features follow the same repetitive methodology.Similarly, we can observe that there is more similarity in the rhythm of the songs. They have been singing their songs in certain rhythms. Thus, they have adopted the method of using oral song forms such as epic, ammānai, sinthu, kummi, thālāttu, oppāri, kavi according to the nature of the objects. Their form and music structures are mostly similar to folk songs.Moreover, a general structure has been followed to the theme of the songs.
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R, Shanmugapriya. "The Change and Difference of the Prosody." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22433.
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Prosody in Tamil has changed and developed from time to time. Prosody itself helps in the creation of traditional poems. Apart from creating traditional poems, prosody is also a tool for knowing the structure and meaning of songs composed on the basis of a tradition dating back to ancient times. It is prosody that lays down the rules for the style of the verse, which treats the subject matter of the book with sound and appearance. If the ideas expressed are in the style of a poem, then the prose has no use for the reciter. That is why, compared to prose, the style of the poem becomes superior. Since all our ancient texts are composed in the style of poetry, the practice of prosody is essential for our fullest experience of them. Tolkappiya poetry is an uncommon component of understanding the structure of ancient Tamil poetry. The former praised the prosodic features and developed them from time to time. The Tholkappiyar was also well-versed in the prosodic system that existed before him. He praises the creators of prosody that existed before him as 'Yaappari Pulavar (Poets who know Prosody)'. Tolkappiyam is the first book we have today to expound the Prosody. After Tholkappiyam, books such as Kakkaipaadiniyam, Avinayam, Yaapparungalam, Yaapparungalakaarikai, Veerachozhiyam, Muthuveeriyam, Palkaayam, etc., have appeared to describe prosody. It is natural that from time to time the emergence of new types of prosody and changes in old prosodic types occur. Therefore, the prosody explained by other poets’ texts differs in some respects from the grammatical trend of Tholkappiyar. This article is based on how Tolkappiyar's opinion about prosodic parts in the grammar of prosody has been changed or different in the prosodic texts that appeared after him.
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V, Ramesh. "Cultural Traditions in Poet Meera's Free Verses." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 30, 2022): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s635.
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Meera's poems are classical, verse, satire, poems, poets' forum, and short poems. He also made his mark in the world of journalism through "Annam Vidu Thoothu, Kavi, Om Shakthi, and Moota Magazine." He is the recipient of many distinguished awards. He is a professor, fighter, poet, essayist, journalist, publisher, printer, and founder of the press, who created various dimensions. In the Tamil literary tradition, free verse, a literary form, has been of great value and influence in the last century and the present century. There were many innovations and revolutions in the subject matter and the method of singing, and a number of new poems were created. Not only that, but free verses are also being created today about the cultural virtues, thoughts, human emotions, and humanities that should be possessed by man. In this way, this article explores the cultural norms of contemporary society found in the poems of Meera, who is the pioneer of new poetry.
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Schmid, Charlotte. "The Carving of Kṛṣṇa’s Legend: North and South, Back and Forth." Religions 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11090439.
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This paper emphasizes the role played by the sculptural tradition in the elaboration of religious narratives that today are mostly studied through texts. It aims to demonstrate that according to the documents we know, the legend of Kṛṣṇa has been built through one continuous dialogue between different media, namely texts and carvings, and different linguistic areas, Indo-Aryan and Dravidian. Taking the motif of the butter theft as a basis, we stress the role played by the sculptural tradition and Tamil poetry, two elements less studied than others, at the foundation of a pan-Indian Kṛṣṇa-oriented heritage. We posit that the iconographic formula of the cowherds’ station as the significant background of the infancy of Kṛṣṇa led to the motif of the young god stealing butter in the texts, through the isolation of one significant element of the early sculpted images. The survey of the available documents leads to the conclusion that, in the southern part of the peninsula, patterns according to which stone carvings were done have been a source of inspiration in Tamil literature. Poets writing in Tamil authors knew texts transmitted in Sanskrit, Prākrit, and Pāli, and they certainly had listened to some others to which we have no access today. But we give reasons to assume that the authors of the said texts were also aware of the traditional ways of representing a child Kṛṣṇa in the visual domain. With these various traditions, poets of the Tamil country in the later stage of Tamil Caṅkam literature featured a character they may not have consciously created, as he was already existent in the visual tradition and nurtured by the importance of one landscape animated by cowherds in the legend of Kṛṣṇa.
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Pradha, T. Lakshmi. "A Study on management concepts in Tamil Literature." JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH STUDIES 09, no. 12 (2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53422/jdms.2022.91202.
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Tamil literature is more than 2000 years old and it is quite interesting to note that many management concepts that are currently practised universally have been quoted in these literary works at such an early age. This paper is an attempt to connect the management concepts from the researcher's perspective in the classic literary works like Purananuru, Agananuru, Silappathikaram, Kambaramayanam, Thirukkural and modern literature works of poets like Subramaniyan Bharathiyar.
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M, Jeyalakshmi. "Moral Principles in the Politics of Kings in Puranaanooru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 21, 2022): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1335.
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A man should always act with good intentions. It is good thoughts and virtuous actions that ultimately bring good to a person. Realizing this, the scholars guided the kings with the help of the tool of knowledge. Apart from that, they paved the way for the blossoming of virtuous thoughts in the minds of the kings and the establishment of good governance. And the Purananooru suggests that the poets imparted to the rulers the moral principles that a king should protect his subjects like a mother who protects her child with little self-interest. Poets highlighted many morals to make society in good order during the Sangam period. When the king failed to perform his duty in political rule and deviated from the principles to be followed in war, even if he had forgotten charity, the Sangam poets are credited with advising the kings in a proper manner and changing their rule in a righteous way, even if they had not shown mercy to the enemy. Even the kings who listened to the pious thoughts of the poets are worthy of admiration even today. Many of the works that propose the superiority of Tamil are among the works that guide the norms that are followed even today. Even though it is a book that talks about Purananooru war stories and bad news, it takes all the principles of human life. The rule of the kings led to the happiness of the people. The ancient Tamil kings were not only brave but full of courage, and the purpose of this article is to investigate the political principles and practises followed by the kings during their reign.
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B, Arunpriya. "The Extraordinary Individual Personality Traits that make up a Virtuous Society." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-23 (December 10, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s22232.
Full textAbstract:
Purananuru is a great historical text which can be considered as a treasury of the life of ancient Tamil people. This text is much loved by other country people, and is translated into many languages and researched for historical purposes. In this book, the royal virtue of the Vendras, the life virtue of the people, both of which are the best individual virtues to operate and the poetical knowledge of poets are explained well. This article psychologically examines how these poets accepted the life virtue given by those people. It also examines how the royal society that has been built by the early poets are continuing till today. It also highlights the merits of Purananuru. Along with these, the leadership virtues of integrity, awareness, nature, and virtue that underpins all of these are also explained well in this article.
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C, Arunan. "Kapilar’s Puram Poems on The History of The People at the Lowest – Rung." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-10 (August 10, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s1010.
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Kapilar is a much-revered Sangam poet. He is also known as Kurinji Kapilar as he has highlighted the Thinai, Kurinji. The great Sangam literature contains many poems of Kapilar. Kapilar was mostly with the common people and rendered songs on their contributions to art, craft, cultural values and their living styles in tune with the nature.Instead of singing the praise of Chera, Chola and Pandya, the trinity of Tamizhagam, Kapilar rendered wonderful songs on the greatness of Paari, the ruler of Parambu land. Kapilar praised the humility and generosity of Paari. Paari’s kindness towards poets, artists and guests turned at his doorsteps was uncomparable. He was also full of compassion even towards creatures living around him. The greatest quality of sharing all his wealth with poets touched the heart of Kapilar who became the greatest admirer and bossom friend of him. Paari’s humanitarian gestures towards the downtrodden made Kapilar narrate the contribution of the lay- men to up- keep the Tamil Culture, language and values alive. The author of this research article articulates how significant it is to learn the socio-economic, cultural life of the commoners of Sangam period through the Puram songs of Kapilar.
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P, Senthilnathan. "Latent Meat (Grammar) Techniques in Nedunalvaadai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (October 6, 2022): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s133.
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Sangam literature is the literature that can bring before our eyes the life stories of the Sangam people. The poets of the Sangam period used love genre literary techniques such as similes and metaphors to convey the love feeling as a cover-up in their poems. An implicit strategy is to make another object visible along with the apparent object. People who were in love expressed love and affection indirectly rather than directly expressing it. As far as Agam (Love Genre) literature is concerned, the techniques used to express love in the ethics of the Agam people are highly specialized. Agam People statements abound in Sangam literature. Sangam poets have created a separate space for Agam songs by respecting the love and feelings of the people. The people of Ancient Tamil transformed from an immoral life to a life of chastity. The morals of the Agam people are still the norm in people's lives today. Although the environment has changed from time to time, people still remember the messages of culture and tradition. Love and affection can be supportive of love genre literature. This research greatly supports exploring it through literary techniques such as symbolism, metaphor, and meat (grammar).
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S, Bharathi. "Ethical principles shown by the Aatruppadai Texts." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (December 10, 2022): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1941.
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The Sangam literature, Ettutthokai, and Pathupaattu are the books that highlight the antiquity of Tamil and the pride of Tamils together. This article illustrates the ethics shown by the Aatruppadai books of the Pathupaattu hymns. The word 'Aaru' is interpreted by scholars to mean 'way' or 'righteousness'. ‘Aatrupaduthutthuthal (Counseling) is guiding or directing someone who knows or does not know. This review article conveys the message that Nakkiran worshipped Lord Muruga in the six houses in Thirumurukaattrupadai which is found first in the Aatrupadai texts, and attained his virtues such as grace, love, knowledge, etc. Moreover, this article shows that in the books of Porunar Aatrupadai, Sirupanatrupadai, Perumpanattrupadai, and Kootharaattrupadai, the kings ruled with morals, welcomed the poets who came to him and treated them with clothes, food, etc.