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Journal articles on the topic 'Pohnpei Island (Micronesia)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

SMIT, HARRY. "Two new species of the genus Arrenurus from Pohnpei, Federal States of Micronesia (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Arrenuridae)." Zootaxa 2606, no. 1 (September 9, 2010): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2606.1.3.

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2

Woltz, Victoria L., Elitsa I. Peneva-Reed, Zhiliang Zhu, Eric L. Bullock, Richard A. MacKenzie, Maybeleen Apwong, Ken W. Krauss, and Dean B. Gesch. "A comprehensive assessment of mangrove species and carbon stock on Pohnpei, Micronesia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): e0271589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271589.

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Mangrove forests are the most important ecosystems on Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia, as the island communities of the central Pacific rely on the forests for many essential services including protection from sea-level rise that is occurring at a greater pace than the global average. As part of a multi-component assessment to evaluate vulnerabilities of mangrove forests on Pohnpei, mangrove forests were mapped at two points in time: 1983 and 2018. In 2018, the island had 6,426 ha of mangrove forest. Change analysis indicated a slight (0.76%) increase of mangrove area between 1983 and 2018, contrasting with global mangrove area declines. Forest structure and aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks were inventoried using a systematic sampling of field survey plots and extrapolated to the island using k-nearest neighbor and random forest species models. A gridded or wall to wall approach is suggested when possible for defining carbon stocks of a large area due to high variability seen in our data. The k-nearest neighbor model performed better than random forest models to map species dominance in these forests. Mean AGC was 167 ± 11 MgC ha-1, which is greater than the global average of mangroves (115 ± 7 MgC ha-1) but within their global range (37–255 MgC ha-1) Kauffman et al. (2020). In 2018, Pohnpei mangroves contained over 1.07 million MgC in AGC pools. By assigning the mean AGC stock per species per area to the map, carbon stock distributions were visualized spatially, allowing future conservation efforts to be directed to carbon dense stands.

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3

Zong, Tong, Zheng-Gang Li, Yan-Hui Dong, Xu-Ping Li, Ji-Hao Zhu, Ling Chen, and Ji-Qiang Liu. "Geochemical Constraints on Mantle Melting and Magma Genesis at Pohnpei Island, Micronesia." Minerals 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090816.

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The lithospheric mantle is of paramount importance in controlling the chemical composition of ocean island basalts (OIBs), influencing partial melting and magma evolution processes. To improve the understanding of these processes, the pressure–temperature conditions of mantle melting were investigated, and liquid lines of descent were modelled for OIBs on Pohnpei Island. The studied basaltic samples are alkalic, and can be classified as SiO2-undersaturated or SiO2-saturated series rocks, with the former having higher TiO2 and FeOT contents but with no distinct trace-element composition, suggesting melting of a compositionally homogenous mantle source at varying depths. Both series underwent sequential crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe–Ti oxides, and minor plagioclase and alkali feldspar. Early magnetite crystallization resulted from initially high FeOT contents and oxygen fugacity, and late feldspar crystallization was due to initially low Al2O3 contents and alkali enrichment of the evolved magma. The Pohnpei lavas formed at estimated mantle-melting temperatures of 1486–1626 °C (average 1557 ± 43 °C, 1σ), and pressures of 2.9–5.1 GPa (average 3.8 ± 0.7 GPa), with the SiO2-undersaturated series forming at higher melting temperatures and pressures. Trace-element compositions further suggest that garnet rather than spinel was a residual phase in the mantle source during the melting process. Compared with the Hawaiian and Louisville seamount chains, Pohnpei Island underwent much lower degrees of mantle melting at greater depth, possibly due to a thicker lithosphere.

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4

Thompson, Adam. "Ancient systems of resource management on the island of Pohnpei, Micronesia." Rapa Nui Journal 29, no. 2 (2015): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rnj.2015.0013.

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5

Apprill, A., H. Holm, AE Santoro, C. Becker, M. Neave, K. Hughen, A. Richards Donà, et al. "Microbial ecology of coral-dominated reefs in the Federated States of Micronesia." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 86 (April 22, 2021): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01961.

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Microorganisms are central to the functioning of coral reef ecosystems, but their dynamics are unstudied on most reefs. We examined the microbial ecology of shallow reefs within the Federated States of Micronesia. We surveyed 20 reefs surrounding 7 islands and atolls (Yap, Woleai, Olimarao, Kosrae, Kapingamarangi, Nukuoro, and Pohnpei), spanning 875053 km2. On the reefs, we found consistently higher coral coverage (mean ± SD = 36.9 ± 22.2%; max 77%) compared to macroalgae coverage (15.2 ± 15.5%; max 58%), and low abundances of fish. Reef waters had low inorganic nutrient concentrations and were dominated by Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, and SAR11 bacteria. The richness of bacterial and archaeal communities was significantly related to interactions between island/atoll and depth. High coral coverage on reefs was linked to higher relative abundances of Flavobacteriaceae, Leisingera, Owenweeksia, Vibrio, and the OM27 clade, as well as other heterotrophic bacterial groups, consistent with communities residing in waters near corals and within coral mucus. Microbial community structure at reef depth was significantly correlated with geographic distance, suggesting that island biogeography influences reef microbial communities. Reefs at Kosrae Island, which hosted the highest coral abundance and diversity, were unique compared to other locations; seawater from Kosrae reefs had the lowest organic carbon (59.8-67.9 µM), highest organic nitrogen (4.5-5.3 µM), and harbored consistent microbial communities (>85% similar), which were dominated by heterotrophic cells. This study suggests that the reef-water microbial ecology on Micronesian reefs is influenced by the density and diversity of corals as well as other biogeographical features.

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6

Coleman, Richard R., Joshua M. Copus, Daniel M. Coffey, Robert K. Whitton, and Brian W. Bowen. "Shifting reef fish assemblages along a depth gradient in Pohnpei, Micronesia." PeerJ 6 (April 24, 2018): e4650. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4650.

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Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) continue to be understudied, especially in island locations spread across the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Pohnpei is the largest island in the Federated States of Micronesia, with a well-developed barrier reef, and steep slopes that descend to more than 1,000 m. Here we conducted visual surveys along a depth gradient of 0 to 60 m in addition to video surveys that extend to 130 m, with 72 belt transects and 12 roving surveys using closed-circuit rebreathers, to test for changes in reef fish composition from shallow to mesophotic depths. We observed 304 fish species across 47 families with the majority confined to shallow habitat. Taxonomic and trophic positions at 30 m showed similar compositions when compared against all other depths. However, assemblages were comprised of a distinct shallow (<30 m) and deep (>30 m) group, suggesting 30 m as a transition zone between these communities. Shallow specialists had a high probability of being herbivores and deep specialists had a higher probability of being planktivores. Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes), Holocentridae (soldierfishes), and Labridae (wrasses) were associated primarily with shallow habitat, while Pomacentridae (damselfishes) and Serranidae (groupers) were associated with deep habitat. Four species may indicate Central Pacific mesophotic habitat:Chromis circumaurea, Luzonichthys seaver, Odontanthias borbonius,and an undescribed slopefish (Symphysanodon sp.). This study supports the 30 m depth profile as a transition zone between shallow and mesophotic ecosystems (consistent with accepted definitions of MCEs), with evidence of multiple transition zones below 30 m. Disturbances restricted to either region are not likely to immediately impact the other and both ecosystems should be considered separately in management of reefs near human population centers.

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7

Sakai, Moeno, Minato Nakazawa, and Delpihn Abraham. "Health and Diet among People Living in an Isolated Area: Case Study of Pingelap Island in Pohnpei State, the Federated States of Micronesia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 7839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217839.

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Pingelap Island in Pohnpei state is geographically isolated as the nearest island is 70 km away, and such geographical isolation is a challenge for public health due to the limited access to health services. This study aims to reveal the health situation on the island and investigate the influence of geographical isolation on health and diet. For that purpose, the result was compared with those who are living in a community on the main island of Pohnpei state (Mand) with the same ethnic background. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data on demographics, diet, and behavior. Anthropometry and blood pressure measurements were also taken. A total of 98 (Pingelap = 50; Mand = 48) subjects participated in the study. The result showed that females, in particular, had a high prevalence of obesity (80.0% in Pingelap; 75.9% in Mand). However, no significant regional difference was found in both BMI and blood pressure, regardless of gender. Regarding diet, although the geographical location impacted food availability, the consumption of major imported foods did not show a significant regional difference. In conclusion, the geographical isolation did not significantly influence health and diet, but the majority of the study population displayed a high-risk burden of non-communicable diseases.

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8

GOLDARAZENA, ARTURO, BRUNO MICHEL, and FRED JACQ. "Copidothrips octarticulatus recorded from Tahiti, with first description of the male and larvae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae)." Zootaxa 4949, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.10.

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Heliothrips (Parthenothrips) octarcticulatus was originally described by Schmutz (1913) from Sri Lanka. Subsequently, Hood (1954) described from Taiwan a new genus and species Copidothrips formosus, and then Stannard and Mitri (1962) described a further new genus and species, Mesostenothrips kraussi, from Kiribati and Gibert Islands. Bhatti (1967, 1990), recognized that only a single genus and species was involved amongst these names, established the resultant synonymies, and recorded the species octarcticulatus from various localities between the Seychelles and five different Pacific Island groups. It has also been recorded from Northern Australia, and Thailand (ThripsWiki 2021) as well as Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean (Mound 2019). Despite these records, there is little reliable information about host plants and biology apart from Piper myristicum on Pohnpei island (Micronesia), and also damage caused to the leaves of Aglaonema and Spathoglottis at Darwin in Australia (Mound & Tree 2020). In this note, we add a further interesting host record and describe the previously unknown male as well as the larvae of this species.

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9

Victor, Steven, Leinson Neth, Yimnang Golbuu, Eric Wolanski, and Robert H. Richmond. "Sedimentation in mangroves and coral reefs in a wet tropical island, Pohnpei, Micronesia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 66, no. 3-4 (February 2006): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.07.025.

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10

NODA, Shinichi, Sota YAMAMOTO, and Takako TOMA. "Mosquitoes collected on Pohnpei Island, Mokil Atoll and Pingelap Atoll, Pohnpei State, the Federated States of Micronesia (Diptera: Culicidae)." Medical Entomology and Zoology 64, no. 4 (2013): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.64.197.

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11

Poteate, Aaron S., Scott M. Fitzpatrick, William S. Ayres, and Adam Thompson. "First Radiocarbon Chronology for Mwoakilloa (Mokil) Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Radiocarbon 58, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2015.16.

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AbstractGiven their sheer number and evidence for long-term prehistoric occupation, atolls occupy a unique position in the peopling of the Pacific. However, they have frequently been overlooked in favor of larger islands due to a host of logistical and other issues. Once viewed as marginal environments, current research is now showing that small islands like these may have been more attractive to settlers than once thought. A new research program in Micronesia is dedicated to examining atolls to better develop baseline chronologies and investigate long-term human adaptations. As part of the initial stage of the project, we present the first radiocarbon dates (n=10) from Mwoakilloa (Mokil) atoll, which support a continuous occupation beginning between 1700–1560 cal BP (2σ). When compared to the settlement of other atoll groups in Micronesia such as the Marshall Islands—along with the nearby high volcanic islands of Pohnpei and Kosrae at approximately 2000–1800 yr ago—the dates from Mwoakilloa suggest a nearly contemporaneous or only slightly later occupation. The recovery of faunal material also demonstrates the translocation of at least two animals (Pacific rat and dog) to the island by humans that was coeval with early settlement. Additionally, there is evidence of landscape transformation in the form of a relatively large artificial mound created by debris and platform accumulation unseen elsewhere in central-eastern Micronesia, but common to atolls. These new dates reinforce the notion that Mwoakilloa and other atolls are integral to understanding prehistoric adaptations across the vast Pacific, though many questions still remain such as to the degree of interaction that occurred with nearby islands and whether settlement was continuous or intermittent through time.

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12

Levin, Maureece J., Katherine Seikel, and Aimee Miles. "A Partial Chronological Sequence of Human Habitation for Pingelap Atoll (Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia)." Radiocarbon 61, no. 03 (April 23, 2019): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.30.

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ABSTRACTPingelap Atoll, 1.8 km2 in area and nearly 70 km from the nearest island, presents a clear example of anthropogenic niche-building in physically isolated circumstances with limited resources. This paper presents the first radiocarbon (14C) dates (n=8) from an archaeological project examining settlement and subsistence practices on the atoll, specifically how Pingelapese people have constructed the environment to meet their needs over centuries of occupation. These dates confirm that human occupation of Pingelap occurred by 1700–1550 cal BP (2σ) at the latest, only a few centuries after the earliest securely-dated settlement of high islands in the region (Kosrae and Pohnpei), and with strikingly similar timing to another atoll in the region, Mwoakilloa. Evidence of early settlement includes shell tools, ornaments, extensive marine faunal remains, and charred botanical domesticates. These preliminary data build a framework for the settlement history and environment building of Pingelap.

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13

Dahl, Christopher. "Tourism development on the island of pohnpei (federated states of micronesia): Sacredness, control and autonomy." Ocean & Coastal Management 20, no. 3 (January 1993): 241–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(93)90069-b.

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14

McCoy, Mark D., Helen A. Alderson, Richard Hemi, Hai Cheng, and R. Lawrence Edwards. "Earliest direct evidence of monument building at the archaeological site of Nan Madol (Pohnpei, Micronesia) identified using 230Th/U coral dating and geochemical sourcing of megalithic architectural stone." Quaternary Research 86, no. 3 (November 2016): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2016.08.002.

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AbstractArchaeologists commonly use the onset of the construction of large burial monuments as a material indicator of a fundamental shift in authority in prehistoric human societies during the Holocene. High-quality direct evidence of this transition is rare. We report new interdisciplinary research at the archaeological site of Nan Madol that allows us to specify where and when people began to construct monumental architecture in the remote islands of the Pacific. Nan Madol is an ancient administrative and mortuary center and the former capital of the island of Pohnpei. It was constructed over 83 ha of lagoon with artificial islets and other architecture built using columnar basalt and coral. We employed geochemical sourcing of basalt used as architectural stone and high-precision uranium-thorium series dates (230Th/U) on coral from the tomb of the first chief of the entire island to identify the beginning of monument building at Nan Madol in AD 1180-1200. Over the next several centuries (AD 1300-1600) monument building began on other islands across Oceania. Future research should be aimed at resolving the causes of these social transformations through higher quality data on monument building.

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15

YAMAMOTO, Sota. "Long-Term Survey of Food Consumption on Pingelap Island, Pohnpei State, the Federated States of Micronesia." Journal of Island Studies 20, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5995/jis.20.2.141.

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16

Balick, Michael J., Roberta A. Lee, Jillian M. De Gezelle, Robert Wolkow, Guy Cohen, Francisca Sohl, Bill Raynor, and Clay Trauernicht. "Traditional lifestyles, transition, and implications for healthy aging: An Example from the remote island of Pohnpei, Micronesia." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): e0213567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213567.

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17

Kitao, Mitsutoshi, Hajime Utsugi, Shigeo Kuramoto, Ryuichi Tabuchi, Kiyoshi Fujimoto, and Saimon Lihpai. "Light-dependent photosynthetic characteristics indicated by chlorophyll fluorescence in five mangrove species native to Pohnpei Island, Micronesia." Physiologia Plantarum 117, no. 3 (February 28, 2003): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00042.x.

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18

Su, Han, Shan Jiang, Xiaodao Wei, Jie Jin, Yan Chang, Shuo Jiang, Xin Shi, Zheng Bo Liu, and Jing Zhang. "Trace metals and nutrients in tropical volcanic island rivers: Insights on chemical weathering and anthropogenic influences of Pohnpei, Micronesia." Limnologica 101 (July 2023): 126087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2023.126087.

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19

Fujimoto, Kiyoshi, Yukira Mochida, Takao Kikuchi, Ryuichi Tabuchi, Yasumasa Hirata, and Saimon Lihpai. "The Relationships among Community Type, Peat Layer Thickness, Belowground Carbon Storage and Habitat Age of Mangrove Forests in Pohnpei Island, Micronesia." Open Journal of Forestry 05, no. 01 (2015): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.51006.

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20

ONO, Kenji, Kiyoshi FUJIMOTO, Masakazu HIRAIDE, Saimon LIHPAI, and Ryuichi TABUCHI. "Aboveground litter production, accumulation, decomposition, and tidal transportation of coral reef-type mangrove forest on Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia." Tropics 15, no. 1 (2006): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3759/tropics.15.75.

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21

Ono, Kenji, Syuntaro Hiradate, Sayaka Morita, Masakazu Hiraide, Yasumasa Hirata, Kiyoshi Fujimoto, Ryuichi Tabuchi, and Saimon Lihpai. "Assessing the carbon compositions and sources of mangrove peat in a tropical mangrove forest on Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia." Geoderma 245-246 (May 2015): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.01.008.

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22

Maekawa, Miko, Mikiyasu Nakayama, Ryo Fujikura, Takayasu Yoshida, and Nagisa Shiiba. "Highly Skilled Migrant Workers as a Vulnerability of Small Island Developing States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cases of Three Countries in Micronesia." Journal of Disaster Research 17, no. 3 (April 1, 2022): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0380.

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Several small island developing states (SIDS) in the Pacific managed to avoid the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing measures to ensure national isolation. Primarily due to being ordered to leave by their respective organizations, e.g., overseas development administration (ODA) in the developed world, many highly skilled migrant workers left these countries. This sudden exodus of highly skilled foreigners created a number of problems in these countries; for example, schools suffered from teacher staffing shortages and hospitals had reduced capacity to offer medical services due to the paucity of nurses and doctors. This study aims to examine the situations in the Federated State of Micronesia (FSM), Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), where many foreign workers have left their duty stations to return home under COVID-19, to elicit lessons learned and possible ways and means to alleviate the observed problems. To this end, literature surveys and interviews were conducted with informants. Results indicated that developing and maintaining a remote work environment is a promising method to fill the gaps caused by the sudden absence of foreign workers in management posts, even under non-emergency situation. This is because in the case that highly skilled migrant workers are forced to vacate their duty stations suddenly, immediately hiring replacements is often not possible. Promoting distance education also proved effective for COVID-19-free nations such as the FSM, Palau, and the RMI, not only during emergencies, but also during normal times. Similarly, the daily use of telemedicine is likely to be effective in coping with emergencies, as shown in the case of FSM’s Pohnpei State Hospital. We found both distance education and telemedicine to be effective measures to address the sudden departure of highly skilled migrant workers in the fields of education and medical services. Moreover, other forms of remote work should prove useful in other sectors such as industry and administration. These systems should be progressively developed during non-emergency times and integrated into the daily operations of relevant sectors.

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23

Mulyila, Esther Japhet, Tatsuro Matsuoka, and Kazuhiko Anraku. "Sustainability of fishers’ communities in tropical island fisheries from the perspectives of resource use and management: a comparative study of Pohnpei (Micronesia), Mafia (Tanzania), and Guimaras (Philippines)." Fisheries Science 78, no. 4 (June 20, 2012): 947–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-012-0500-x.

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24

Ono, Kenji, Kiyoshi Fujimoto, Yasumasa Hirata, Ryuichi Tabuchi, Shingo Taniguchi, Keita Furukawa, Shin Watanabe, Rempei Suwa, and Saimon Lihpai. "Estimation of total fine root production using continuous inflow methods in tropical mangrove forest on Pohnpei Island, Micronesia: Fine root necromass accumulation is a substantial contributor to blue carbon stocks." Ecological Research 37, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.12280.

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25

Paulson, Dennis R., and Donald W. Buden. "The Odonata of Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." International Journal of Odonatology 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2003.10510450.

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26

Buden, Donald W., and Jacqueline Y. Miller. "The Butterflies of Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Pacific Science 57, no. 1 (2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2003.0003.

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27

Raynor, Bill, Adelino Lorens, and Jackson Phillip. "Traditional yam cultivation on Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Economic Botany 46, no. 1 (January 1992): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02985251.

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28

Rundell, Rebecca J. "Cryptic diversity, molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the rock- and leaf litter-dwelling land snails of Belau (Republic of Palau, Oceania)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1508 (September 2, 2008): 3401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0110.

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The endemic diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda: Mollusca) of Belau (Republic of Palau, Micronesia) are an exceptionally diverse group of largely undescribed species distributed among rock and leaf litter habitats on most of Belau's 586 islands. Diplommatinid shell morphology (e.g. shell sculpture) reflects habitat type. In this study, I analysed a subset of the 90 diplommatinid species representing a broad geographical spread of islands in order to reveal the species' phylogenetic relationships and biogeography within the Belau archipelago. Diplommatinid species from the islands of Yap, Pohnpei, Kosrae and Guam are also included in the analysis. One nuclear (28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) gene regions comprising 1906 bp were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Results show that (i) the Belau Diplommatinidae are not monophyletic, as Guam and Yap species should be included as part of the radiation, (ii) Pohnpei and Kosrae species are highly divergent from Belau diplommatinids, (iii) there is little evidence for in situ radiation within individual Belau islands, (iv) spined and heavily calcified rock-dwelling species form a well-supported clade, and (v) Belau diplommatinid genera are in need of revision.

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29

de Mazancourt, Valentin, Gérard Marquet, and Philippe Keith. "An Integrative Taxonomic Revision of the Freshwater Atyid Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) of Micronesia." Diversity 16, no. 4 (March 27, 2024): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16040200.

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Twelve species of atyid shrimps are reported from three Micronesian islands (Babeldaob, Pohnpei, and Guam) and studied using a combined morphological and molecular approach. Among them, three are new records for the area (Caridina appendiculata, Caridina lobocensis, and Caridina rubella), while three new species are here described: Atyoida chacei sp. nov., Caridina ponapensis sp. nov., and Caridina rintelenorum sp. nov. Descriptions for these new species, diagnoses for poorly known species, and taxonomic notes are provided herein and their biogeography is discussed.

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30

Paulson, Dennis R. "Teinobasis budenisp. nov. from Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)." International Journal of Odonatology 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2003.10510449.

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31

Buden, Donald W., D. Brian Lynch, and George R. Zug. "Recent Records of Exotic Reptiles on Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Pacific Science 55, no. 1 (2001): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2001.0003.

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32

Buden, Donald W., D. Brian Lynch, J. W. (John W. ). Short, and Trina Leberer. "Decapod Crustaceans of the Headwater Streams of Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia." Pacific Science 55, no. 3 (2001): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2001.0019.

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33

De Mazancourt, Valentin, Gerard Marquet, and Philippe Keith. "Caridina variabilirostris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae), a new species of freshwater shrimp from Pohnpei (Micronesia)." European Journal of Taxonomy, no. 453 (August 3, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.453.

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Recently, the status of a new species of atyid shrimp from Pohnpei (Micronesia) was discussed in relation to C. brachydactyla De Man, 1908 and C. mertoni J. Roux, 1911. By combining morphological data with a phylogenetic analysis with closely related species, this species is here described as Caridina variabilirostris sp. nov. Notes on its ecological distribution are also provided. The new species is characterized by a highly variable rostrum and is present in rivers all over Pohnpei Island. The status of this new species is clarified and it is shown that neither C. brachydactyla De Man 1908 nor C. mertoni J. Roux, 1911 occur on Pohnpei Island.

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34

Echterhölter, Anna. "Formative encounters: Colonial data collection on land and law in German Micronesia." Science in Context, July 4, 2023, 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889723000042.

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Argument Data collections are a hallmark of nineteenth-century administrative knowledge making, and they were by no means confined to Europe. All colonial empires transferred and translated these techniques of serialised and quantified information gathering to their dominions overseas. The colonial situation affected the encounters underlying vital statistics, enquête methods and land surveying. In this paper, two of those data collections will be investigated—a survey on land and a survey on indigenous law, both conducted around 1910 on the Micronesian island of Pohnpei, which had fallen under German colonial influence a decade earlier. Strikingly, there are no enumerators or envoys of the state visiting the doorsteps of Pohnpei. To facilitate the data collection on homesteads, the whole population of the island was called upon to measure their respective plots of land themselves, without resorting to certified land surveyors. The preserved cadastral lists and spreadsheets testify to a rather peculiar contact between the colonizing administration and the colonized peoples. I argue that the production of data made encounters necessary, which are best observed though a methodological focus on data practices. I argue, furthermore, that the Pohnpeians were prompted during the surveys to define their homestead in new terms. This did not only entail new two-dimensional plots but also a new regime of private property. The change in the legal concept can be seen as a continuation of colonial violence by other means, given that it happened in the aftermath of the defeated Pohnpei Rebellion. The argument of the paper is, therefore, that data collection can have formative effects on society, and that measurement and quantified information are often, as Witold Kula argued, a scene of conflict. At its core, the installation of these metric regimes signified a change in patterns of justification, resource management and the unwritten constitution of the Pacific island.

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Guerrero, Rachael T. Leon, Margaret P. Hattori-Uchima, Grazyna Badowski, Tanisha F. Aflague, Kathryn Wood, Kristi Hammond, and Remedios Perez. "Pacific Islands Cohort on Cardiometabolic Health Study: rationale and design." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (July 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13783-9.

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Abstract Background Pacific Islanders, including those residing in the US Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI), experience some of the highest mortality rates resulting from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. The Pacific Island Health Officers’ Association declared a Regional State of Health Emergency in 2010 due to the epidemic of NCDs in the USAPI. Obesity, a known risk factor for NCDs, has become an epidemic among both children and adults in Micronesia and other parts of the USAPI. There is some recent information about overweight and obesity (OWOB) among young children in the USAPI, but there is no data looking at the relationship between children and their biological parents. The Pacific Islands Cohort on Cardiometabolic Health (PICCAH) Study aims to collect data on NCD lifestyle factors from two generations of families (n = 600 child-parent dyads or 1,200 participants) living in Guam, Pohnpei, and Palau. Methods The PICCAH Study is an epidemiological study using community-based convenience sampling to recruit participants in USAPI of Guam, Palau, and Pohnpei. The goal is to recruit participant dyads consisting of 1 child plus their biological parent in Guam (500 dyads or 1,000 participants), Pohnpei (50 dyads or 100 participants), and Palau (50 dyads or 100 participants). All participants are having the following information collected: demographic, health, and lifestyle information; anthropometry; diet; physical activity; sleep; acanthosis nigricans; blood pressure; and serum levels of fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL. Discussion The PICCAH Study is designed to establish the baseline of a generational epidemiologic cohort with an emphasis on cardiometabolic risk, and to better understand the extent of DM and CVD conditions and related risk factors of those living in the USAPI jurisdictions of Guam, Pohnpei, and Palau. This study also serves to further build research capacity in the underserved USAPI Region.

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Fujimoto, Kiyoshi, Keita Furukawa, Kenji Ono, Shin Watanabe, and Eugene Eperiam. "Effects of sea-level rise on blue carbon stocks of mangrove ecosystems: insights from Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia." Carbon Footprints 2, no. 3 (July 31, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cf.2023.12.

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Carbon storage processes in mangrove ecosystems are summarized and future research directions are discussed based on findings from our long-term monitoring studies on Pohnpei Island in the Federated States of Micronesia. On Pohnpei, where coral reef-type mangrove forests dominate, Rhizophora communities maintain their habitat by accumulating mangrove peat at over 5 mm year-1 in response to rapid sea-level rise, but surface erosion is progressing in communities where the tree density of Rhizophora spp. has declined through succession. However, high-resolution aerial photographs taken by drones have identified trees with reduced vigor even in Rhizophora forests, and if sea-level rise occurs at a rate close to the IPCC's maximum prediction, then Rhizophora forests, which are valuable carbon storage sites due to mangrove peat accumulation, are likely to disappear. The impact of relative sea-level rise is determined by the sum of the rate of ground-level change by the external sediment budget and the rate of ground-level rise with mangrove peat accumulation. In the future, each region will need to conduct its own quantitative evaluation.

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Trauernicht, Clay, Abby G. Frazier, Julian Dendy, Ilan Bubb, Christine Camacho‐Fejeran, James B. Friday, Romina King, et al. "How people, rainfall and vegetation shape tropical island fire regimes across Micronesia." Journal of Biogeography, December 6, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14763.

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AbstractAimTo provide the first regional analysis of contemporary drivers of Pacific Island fire regimes.LocationIslands of Palau, Yap, Guam, Rota, Tinian, Saipan, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae.Time Period1950‐present.MethodsWe used land cover, soil maps and contemporary fire histories to (1) describe the relationships among fire activity, vegetation, rainfall and island geography and population; (2) examine the spatial associations of forest and savanna vegetation with respect to fire and soil types; and (3) link fire and savanna distribution to intra‐annual and inter‐annual rainfall variability.ResultsSavanna extent was positively correlated with island age and the range of mean monthly rainfall. The percent of area burned annually reached upwards of 2%–10% of island land areas, correlated positively with rainfall seasonality, and occurred largely within savannas. Savannas were more frequent on acidic soils with higher aluminium than forests but distributed across all soil types. El Niño intensity correlated negatively with dry season rainfall over the entire study region and positively with annual area burned on Guam.Main ConclusionsThe contemporary extents of savannas in Micronesia reflect Pacific Islanders' long‐term use of fire to shape vegetation and are modulated by inter‐ and intra‐annual rainfall variability. These relationships provide baseline information for ongoing fire management and mitigation projects throughout Micronesia and critical insight for assessing and anticipating fire risk in other insular areas where fire data are limited.

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Dela Cruz, Rica, Eric Wolfe, Kim M. Yonemori, Marie K. Fialkowski, Lynne R. Wilkens, Patricia Coleman, Sunema Lameko-Mua, et al. "Consumption of Traditional Fruits and Vegetables Among Children in the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Region." Current Developments in Nutrition, June 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac101.

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Abstract Background Traditional Pacific diets have many health benefits, including maintenance of a healthy weight and prevention of various diseases. Few studies have evaluated the frequency at which traditional diets are consumed in the Pacific, especially among children. Objective This study examined the frequency of traditional and acculturated fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake among children in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific (USAP) region. Methods Diet records of 3,319 children ages 2 to 8 years old were analyzed for frequency of traditional or acculturated F&V intake within USAP jurisdictions of American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Federated States of Micronesia (FSM island states include Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap), Guam, Hawai‘i, Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and Republic of Palau. Results Of the 95,304 food items recorded among participating children in the USAP jurisdictions, 15.2% were F&Vs. Of the ten jurisdictions, children in the islands of Chuuk, Kosrae, Yap, and Pohnpei recorded the highest frequencies of traditional F&V intake relative to their total F&V intake (67.8%, 64.8%, 56.7%, and 52.5%, respectively). American Samoa and RMI recorded moderate frequency of traditional F&V intake (38.9% and 46.4%, respectively), while children in Hawai‘i, Guam, and CNMI recorded the lowest frequencies of traditional F&V intake relative to their total F&V intake (10.4%, 12.4%, and 15.3%, respectively). Children in Hawai‘i, Guam, Palau, and CNMI recorded high frequencies of acculturated F&Vs intake (37.8%, 31.2%, 34.5% and 27.9%, respectively). Conclusions Overall, children in the USAP jurisdictions participating in this study recorded a low frequency of F&V intake. The differences in traditional F&V intake found between the USAP islands may be due to variation in economic income level and external influences on social and cultural norms among the island populations and variations of cost, accessibility, and convenience of each category of food to each island's population.

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Yomai, Viann Marie Harmony, and Joseph Hill Williams. "Breeding systems of naturalized versus indigenous species provide support for Baker’s law on Pohnpei island." AoB PLANTS 13, no. 4 (June 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab038.

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Abstract The factors that facilitate successful colonization of islands should be especially evident where the establishment filter is strongest. Colonizers of small, remote oceanic islands should be initially rare, extremely mate-limited and often without pollinators. Hence, plant communities on such islands should reflect an establishment history in which young ‘naturalized’ species are most likely to display self-compatibility and autonomous selfing, whereas ‘indigenous’ species may exhibit more diverse reproductive strategies. To test this prediction, we characterized breeding systems of 28 species on Pohnpei, in the Federated States of Micronesia, a group of remote Pacific islands that are considered a global biodiversity hotspot. Three families with both naturalized and indigenous species were selected—Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Melastomataceae. Measurements included field observations of dichogamy/herkogamy and floral attraction traits, pollen:ovule (P:O) ratios and experimental hand-pollinations for self-compatibility and pollen limitation. Phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses tested for trait correlations between naturalized and indigenous species. Flowers of all 28 species were bisexual, and pollinator attraction features were common. Pollen:ovule ratios ranged from 9 to 557 (median = 87), and all 11 hand-pollinated species were self-compatible. All species had >5 ovules and <3500 pollen grains per flower. Indigenous species did not differ significantly from naturalized species for any trait. There is a dearth of data from remote islands bearing on the question of establishment history. In this study, we inferred all species to have some degree of autogamy and indigenous species were no more likely than naturalized species to display outcrossing mechanisms. On Pohnpei, high ovule numbers, and the inaccessibility of wind pollination and obligate outcrossing strategies, reflect the importance of retaining reproductive assurance mechanisms in the face of pollinator uncertainty.

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Sefton, Juliet P., Andrew C. Kemp, Simon E. Engelhart, Joanna C. Ellison, Makan A. Karegar, Blair Charley, and Mark D. McCoy. "Implications of anomalous relative sea-level rise for the peopling of Remote Oceania." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 52 (December 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210863119.

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Beginning ~3,500 to 3,300 y B.P., humans voyaged into Remote Oceania. Radiocarbon-dated archaeological evidence coupled with cultural, linguistic, and genetic traits indicates two primary migration routes: a Southern Hemisphere and a Northern Hemisphere route. These routes are separated by low-lying, equatorial atolls that were settled during secondary migrations ~1,000 y later after their exposure by relative sea-level fall from a mid-Holocene highstand. High volcanic islands in the Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei and Kosrae) also lie between the migration routes and settlement is thought to have occurred during the secondary migrations despite having been above sea level during the initial settlement of Remote Oceania. We reconstruct relative sea level on Pohnpei and Kosrae using radiocarbon-dated mangrove sediment and show that, rather than falling, there was a ~4.3-m rise over the past ~5,700 y. This rise, likely driven by subsidence, implies that evidence for early settlement could lie undiscovered below present sea level. The potential for earlier settlement invites reinterpretation of migration pathways into Remote Oceania and monument building. The UNESCO World Heritage sites of Nan Madol (Pohnpei) and Leluh (Kosrae) were constructed when relative sea level was ~0.94 m (~770 to 750 y B.P.) and ~0.77 m (~640 to 560 y B.P.) lower than present, respectively. Therefore, it is unlikely that they were originally constructed as islets separated by canals filled with ocean water, which is their prevailing interpretation. Due to subsidence, we propose that these islands and monuments are more vulnerable to future relative sea-level rise than previously identified.

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