Relevant bibliographies by topics / Point à point (PtP)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Point à point (PtP)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 17 May 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Point à point (PtP)"

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Wahyudi, Kaiji Sato, and Akira Shimokohbe. "Characteristics of practical control for point-to-point (PTP) positioning systems." Precision Engineering 27, no. 2 (April 2003): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-6359(02)00226-x.

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Fang, Ji Wen, Zhi Li Long, Lu Fan Zhang, Jian Dong Cai, and Long Sheng Nian. "Control Analysis of Point-to-Point Positioning Based on Macro-Micro Stage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1563.

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Macro-micro stage can achieve large travel range and high precision positioning. The macro stage is driven by voice coil motor (VCM). The micro stage is actuated by the piezoelectric (PZT). The positioning theory of macro-micro stage is described. In this paper, the compensating method of point-to-point (PTP) positioning is divided into two types: compensation before steady state (CBS) and compensation after steady state (CAS). The different control strategies are applied to meet CAS and CBS. Because of the structure of macro-micro stage and the saturation of micro stage, switching control plays an important role in realizing high precision PTP motion. When the error of the macro stage is less than the threshold and also the system meets the switching conditions, the compensation signal is sent to the PZT control loop for high resolution compensation. Finally, the numerical simulation results show that the positioning accuracy of dual stage is higher than single macro stage and can reach nanometer scale.
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Abe, Akira. "Energy-Saving Breakthrough in the Point-to-Point Control of a Flexible Manipulator." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2024): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051788.

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This study aims to contribute academically valuable insights into energy-efficient drives for the positioning control of flexible structures. It focuses on the point-to-point (PTP) motion control of a flexible manipulator to suppress residual vibration and reduce driving energy simultaneously. The driving energy for PTP motion is influenced by the initial deflection of the flexible manipulator. Considering this phenomenon, the study proposes a trajectory planning method for the joint angle of a flexible manipulator. In this method, the evaluation function is defined as the sum of drive torques, and its minimization through particle swarm optimization generates an optimal trajectory that minimizes drive energy and suppresses residual vibration. Numerical simulations indicate that significant energy savings can be achieved by actively deforming the manipulator. These simulation results are corroborated by experimental data, which demonstrate the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Wang, Xiaobang, Yang Yu, Siyu Li, Jie Zhang, and Zhijie Liu. "Point-to-Point-Based Optimization Method of Ballast Water Allocation for Revolving Floating Cranes with Experimental Verification." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030437.

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The Revolving Floating Crane (RFC) is a specialized engineering vessel crucial for offshore lifting operations, such as offshore platform construction and deep-water salvaging. It boasts impressive lifting capacity, good adaptability to various environmental conditions, and high operational efficiency. Conventionally, the safety and stability of RFC operations heavily depend on manual ballast water allocation, which is directly influenced by factors such as personnel status and sea conditions. These manual operations often result in reduced lifting efficiency, higher energy consumption, and compromised operational safety. In response, this paper introduces a ballast water-allocation approach based on the Point-to-Point (PTP) theory for the intelligent operation process of the RFC. The fundamental principles of the PTP theory are analyzed, and a method tailored to optimize ballast water allocation for RFC is proposed. Considering the unique characteristics of the ballast system and the specific requirements of lifting operations, an optimization model for PTP-based ballast water allocation is established. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the efficacy and reliability of the proposed method. Comparing it to the conventional approaches, the results demonstrate a notable 17.75% reduction in energy consumption and an impressive 73.49% decrease in decision-making time, showcasing the superiority of the proposed approach. Finally, the engineering feasibility of the PTP-based optimization method for ballast water allocation is validated through actual lifting experiments, underscoring its potential to enhance RFC operations.
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Carabin, Giovanni, and Renato Vidoni. "Energy-saving optimization method for point-to-point trajectories planned via standard primitives in 1-DoF mechatronic systems." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 116, no. 1-2 (June 17, 2021): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07277-y.

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AbstractIn this work, an analytical methodology to minimize the energy expenditure of mechatronic systems performing point-to-point (PTP) trajectories based on well-known motion primitives is developed and validated. Both PTP trajectory profiles commonly used in industrial motor drives and more complex ones are investigated. Focusing on generic 1-DoF mechatronic systems moving a constant inertia load (e.g., elevators, cranes, CNC machines, Cartesian axis) and possibly equipped or retrofitted with regenerative devices, the consumed energy formulation is firstly derived. Then, the analytical optimization considering all the selected PTP trajectory profiles is computed and a generic closed-form solution is determined. Finally, numerical and experimental evaluations are done showing the effectiveness of the theoretical results and proposed methodology. In addition, all the different trajectories are compared with respect to energy consumption.
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Abe, Y., C. Hattori, M. Ito, M. Matsunaga, and T. Matsuoka. "Self-Dual Point and Unification." Progress of Theoretical Physics 102, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.102.833.

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., Wahyudi, Riza Muhida, and Momoh J. E. Salami. "Fuzzy Anti-windup Schemes for NCTF Control of Point-to-point (PTP) Positioning Systems." American Journal of Applied Sciences 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2007.220.228.

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Wahyudi, K. Sato, and A. Shimokohbe. "Robustness evaluation of three friction compensation methods for point-to-point (PTP) positioning systems." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 52, no. 2-3 (August 2005): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2005.03.004.

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Smith, L. J., G. Tabor, and J. Williams. "A retrospective case control study to investigate race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish point-to-point races." Comparative Exercise Physiology 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep170034.

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Horseracing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. To date no epidemiological reviews of fall risk in horseracing have investigated the risks specific to point-to-point (PTP) racing. This study aimed to identify the main race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish PTP and to compare these to published findings for hurdle and steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective case-control design. Relevant variables were identified and information was collated for all PTP races in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Race-level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process with variables retained if likelihood ratio test P-values were <0.05. During the study period 1,358 PTP races were recorded, 727 races (54%) included at least one horse fall. The fall frequency noted during the current study was 88/1000 starts. Race category impacted the odds of a fall occurring with all categories of maiden races having increased odds of falls compared to open races. Maiden races for 6 year olds and 6 and 7 year olds had the greatest chance of falling with 6.9 times increased odds. The chance of a race containing a fall increased 38% for each additional runner and was reduced by 25% for every horse that pulled up during the race. Using a larger data set could enable further sub-models to be developed. In the current study some of the variables had a low number of cases and/or controls which limited the analysis. Retrospective analysis of fall risk exposed some risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. The variables identified could inform future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety whilst racing.
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Oono, Y. "Onsager's Principle from Large Deviation Point of View." Progress of Theoretical Physics 89, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp/89.5.973.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Point à point (PtP)"

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Nosek, Jakub. "Testování metody Precise Point Positioning." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414313.

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This diploma thesis deals with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method in various variants. The thesis describes the theoretical foundations of the PPP method and the most important systematic errors that affect accuracy. The accuracy of the PPP method was evaluated using data from the permanent GNSS station CADM, which is part of the AdMaS research center. Data of the period 2018 – 2019 were processed. The results of combinations of different GNSS and the results of different observation periods were compared. Finally, the accuracy was verified at 299 IGS GNSS stations.
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Shirazian, Masoud. "Quality description in GPS precise point positioning." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118349.

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GPS processing, like every processing method for geodetic applications, relies upon least-squares estimation. Quality measures must be defined to assure that the estimates are close to reality. These quality measures are reliable provided that, first, the covariance matrix of the observations (the stochastic model) is well defined and second, the systematic effects are completely removed (i.e., the functional model is good). In the GPS precise point positioning (PPP) the stochastic and functional models are not as complicated as in the differential GPS processing. We will assess the quality of the GPS Precise Point Positioning in this thesis by trying to define more realistic standard deviations for the station position estimates. To refine the functional model from systematic errors, we have 1) used the phase observations to prevent introducing any hardware bias to the observation equations, 2) corrected observations for all systematic effects with amplitudes of more than 1cm, 3) used undifferenced observations to prevent having complications (e.g. linearly related parameters) in the system of observation equations. To have a realistic covariance matrix for the observations we have incorporated the ephemeris uncertainties into the system of observation equations. Based on the above-mentioned issues a PPP processing method is designed and numerically tested on the real data of some of the International GNSS Service stations. The results confirm that undifferenced stochastic-related properties (e.g. degrees of freedom) can be reliable means to recognize the parameterization problem in differenced observation equations. These results also imply that incorporation of the satellite ephemeris uncertainties might improve the estimates of the station positions. The effect of troposphere on the GPS data is also focused in this thesis. Of particular importance is the parameterization problem of the wet troposphere in the observation equations.

QC 20130218

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Hannachi, Abir. "Block turbo codes for next generation optical communications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025IMTA0462.

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Cette thèse étudie l’application des codes produits Reed Solomon (RS) dans les systèmes de communication optique, visant à améliorer la correction d’erreurs et optimiser les performances tout en réduisant la complexité. Cela permet l’utilisation de composants à faible coût, essentiel dans les réseaux d’accès optiques où l’aspect économique est crucial. La thèse présente les réseaux optiques passifs (PON) et leurs avancées, en mettant l’accent sur les configurations Point-à-Point (PtP). Elle aborde également la nécessité de correction d’erreurs fiable et explore la théorie des codes de canal, notamment les codes RS, leur construction, propriétés et décodage. Une contribution importante de cette thèse est l’association des codes RS avec des codes Single Parity Check (SPC), analysée à travers des simulations de performance avec de paquets de taille dynamiques. Enfin, la thèse évalue la performance des codes produits RS de faible complexité dans les canaux optiques, notamment dans des systèmes de 50 et 100 Gb/s dans les sens montant et descendant, utilisant la modulation binaire (NRZ) et la modulation d’amplitude en impulsions (PAM4) associées à une modulation d’intensité et détection directe (IM/DD). Les résultats montrent que les codes produits RS améliorent la correction d’erreurs dans les réseaux optiques, en augmentant la fiabilité tout en équilibrant coût et complexité
This thesis studies the application of Reed Solomon (RS) product codes in optical communication systems, with a focus on improving error correction and optimizing system performance while reducing complexity. This allows the use of low-cost components, a crucial factor in optical access networks where cost is a key consideration. The thesis introduces Passive Optical Networks (PON) and their advances, with emphasis on Point-to-Point (PtP) configurations. It also discusses the need for reliable error correction and explores the channel coding theory, in particular RS codes, their construction, properties and decoding. An important contribution of this thesis is the association of RS codes with Single Parity Check (SPC) codes, analyzed through performance simulations with dynamic packet sizes. Lastly, the thesis evaluates the performance of low-complexity RS product codes in optical channels, particularly in downstream and upstream 50 and 100 Gb/s systems using NRZ and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD). The findings show that RS-based product codes improve error correction in optical networks, enhancing reliability while balancing cost and complexity
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Kvarnström, Victor, and Jessica Wallerström. "Realtidsmätning inom fastighetsbildning med "Precise Point Positioning" (PPP)." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9503.

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Vid GNSS-positionering i samband med fastighetsbildningsåtgärder används vanligtvis den traditionella RTK-mätningen (Real-Time Kinematic) via SWEPOS nätverks-RTK-tjänst. Denna tjänst kräver mobiltelefontäckning eller motsvarande tvåvägskommunikation, vilket kan vara problematiskt inom områden med bristfällig mobiltelefontäckning. Under dessa förhållanden kan istället PPP-mätning (Precise Point Positioning) vara användbart vid fastighetsbildningsåtgärder då dessa tjänster tar emot korrektionsdata i realtid från satelliter. PPP kräver inte någon mobiltelefontäckning, däremot krävs en kommunikationslänk, en RTX-tjänst för att erhålla korrektioner externt från en RTX-satellit. Syftet med studien är att undersöka möjligheten till att nyttja PPP i realtid vid fastighetsbildningsåtgärder som ett alternativ till traditionell GNSS-mätning med nätverks-RTK. För att PPP ska vara ett alternativ till traditionell GNSS-mätning i realtid krävs det att mätosäkerhetskraven inom fastighetsbildning uppfylls. Mätosäkerheten undersöktes genom att utgå ifrån redan kända koordinater (RIX 95-punkter). Mätningarna har genomförts på fem olika platser i Sverige, Göteborg, Vänersborg, Karlstad, Torsby och Malung-Sälen. Mätdata som erhölls från undersökningsplatserna har analyserats samt jämförts med fastighetsbildningskraven. Resultatet av studien erhölls i form av analyserad mätdata med jämförelser mot redan kända (RIX 95) punkter. Avikelsen från känd RIX 95-punkt redovisas i resultatet utifrån tidsaspekten, den systematiska avvikelsen av translativ art, förändringar i avvikelsen från söder till norr samt utifrån två beräkningsmodeller, varav en translation och en transformation. För att få den erhållna mätdatan från RTX-tjänsten att överensstämma bättre med referenspunkten (RIX 95-punkten) togs beräkningsmodellerna fram för att möjliggöra modellering av systematiska avvikelser som uppkommit och därmed uppfylla kraven inom fasighetsbildningsåtgärder. Genom att ha analyserat och granskat olika samband har det framkommit att efter ca 20 minuters mätning, börjar precisionen för mätningarna att bli stabila. Utifrån resultatet är slutsatsen att PPP inte fungerar vid fastighetsbildningsåtgärder för områden inom stomnät, däremot fungerar metoden för skogs- och jordbruksfastigheter utanför stomnät. Förutsatt att en modellering genom translation alternativt transformation som är framtagen i denna studie används för att justera koordinaterna så fungerar PPP-mätning inom samtliga fastighetsbildningsåtgärder. Detta kräver då att mätdata erhålls efter 20 minuters mätning eller mer.
GNSS positioning in conjunction with the real property is usually used the traditional RTK measuring (Real-Time Kinematic) by SWEPOS network RTK service. This service requires mobile phone coverage or equivalent two-way communication, which can be problematic in areas with poor mobile phone coverage. Under these circumstances, PPP (Point Positioning Precise) could be more useful in real property measures when such services receives the correction data in real time from the satellites. PPP does not require any cell phone coverage, however it requires a communication link, a RTX service to obtain corrections externally from a RTX satellite. The purpose of the study is to examine the possibility of using PPP in real time at the real property as an alternative to traditional GNSS measurements with network RTK. The measurement uncertainty was investigated by starting out from already known coordinates (RIX 95 points). The measurements were performed out at five different locations in Sweden, Gothenburg, Vanersborg, Karlstad, Torsby and Malung-Salen. Measurement data obtained from the observations have been analyzed and compared with real property requirements. The results of the study were obtained in the form of data analyzed by comparison of the known (RIX 95) points. The deviation is known from RIX 95 point recognized in income based on the time factor, the bias of the translative case species, changes in deviation from south to north and from two calculation models, a translation and a transformation. To correct the measured values from the RTX service for a better match to the RIX 95 points calculation models were developed to facilitate the modeling of systematic deviations incurred and meet the demands of real property. Analyzing and examining various relationships have shown that after about 20 minutes of measuring, the precision of the measurements starts to become more stable. Based on the results, the conclusion is that the PPP does not work in real property areas within the core network, however, the method works for forestry and agricultural properties outside the core network. Assuming a modelling through translational alternative transformation, developed in this study is used to adjust the coordinates, the PPP measurement is working in all real property registration measures. This requires that the measurement data is obtained after 20 minutes of measurement or more.
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Reußner, Nico. "Die GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung beim Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202164.

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Precise Point Positioning (PPP) ermöglicht eine präzise Positionsbestimmung mittels globaler Satellitennavigationssysteme (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) ohne die direkte Verwendung der Beobachtungsdaten von regionalen Referenzstationen. Die wesentlichste Einschränkung von PPP im Vergleich zu differenziellen Auswertetechniken (Real-Time Kinematic, RTK) ist die deutlich längere Konvergenzzeit. Voraussetzung für die Verkürzung der Konvergenzzeit ist die Festsetzung der geschätzten Mehrdeutigkeiten auf ganzzahlige Werte. Die Mehrdeutigkeitslösung verlangt ein robustes funktionales Modell und beruht auf einem zweistufigen Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren, welches frei von ionosphärischen Einflüssen 1. Ordnung ist. Die sowohl auf Code- als auch auf Phasenbeobachtungen basierende Melbourne-Wübbena-Linearkombination erlaubt hierbei eine einfache Festsetzung der Widelane-Mehrdeutigkeiten. Infolgedessen kann zur Berechnung der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination die im Vergleich zur Wellenlänge der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination deutlich größere Narrowlane-Wellenlänge verwendet werden. Zur Stabilisierung des im Normalfall lediglich auf den Beobachtungsdaten des amerikanischen Global Positioning System (GPS) beruhenden funktionalen Modells können die Beobachtungsdaten des russischen GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) beitragen. Aufgrund der Technik, die GLONASS zur Identifizierung der einzelnen Satelliten einsetzt (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), unterscheiden sich die Frequenzen der einzelnen Satelliten. Die leicht unterschiedlichen Frequenzen erschweren die Modellierung und Korrektion der instrumentell bedingten Signalverzögerungen (z. B. Fractional-Cycle Biases (FCB)). Vor diesem Hintergrund kann das konventionelle Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren nur bedingt für GLONASS verwendet werden. Die Untersuchung der instrumentell bedingten GLONASS-Signalverzögerungen sowie die Entwicklung einer alternativen Methode zur Festsetzung der GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeiten mit dem Ziel einer kombinierten GPS/GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung sind die Schwerpunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die entwickelte alternative Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsstrategie baut auf der puren Widelane-Linearkombination auf, weshalb globale Ionosphärenmodelle unabdingbar sind. Sie eignet sich sowohl für GLONASS als auch für GPS und zeigt gleichwertige Ergebnisse für beide GNSS, wenngleich im Vergleich zur konventionellen Methode mit geringeren Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsquoten zu rechnen ist
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) allows for accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based positioning without the immediate need for observations collected by regional station networks. The fundamental drawback of PPP in comparison to differential techniques such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a significant increase in convergence time. Among a plurality of different measures aiming for a reduction of convergence time, fixing the estimated carrier phase ambiguities to integer values is the key technique for success. The ambiguity resolution asks for a robust functional model and rests upon a two-stage method ruling out first-order ionospheric effects. In this context the Melbourne-Wübbena linear combination of dual-frequency carrier phase and code measurements leverages a simple resolution of widelane ambiguities. As a consequence the in comparison to the wavelength of the ionosphere-free linear combination significantly longer narrowlane wavelength can be used to form the ionosphere-free linear combination. By default the applied functional model is solely based on observations of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However measurements from the GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) can contribute to improve the model’s stability significantly. Due to the technique used by GLONASS to distinguish individual satellites (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), the signals broadcast by those satellites differ in their frequencies. The resulting slightly different frequencies constitute a barricade for both modelling and correcting any device-dependent signal delays, e.g. fractional-cycle biases (FCB). These facts limit the applicability of the conventional ambiguity-fixing approach when it comes to GLONASS signals. The present work puts a focus both on investigating the device-dependent GLONASS signal delays and on developing an alternative method for fixing GLONASS ambiguities with the ultimate objective of a combined GPS/GLONASS ambiguity resolution. The alternative ambiguity resolution strategy is based on the pure widelane linear combination, for which reason ionospheric corrections are indispensable. The procedure is applicable for GLONASS in the first instance but reveals equivalent results for both GPS and GLONASS. The disadvantage relative to the conventional approach is the reduced ambiguity fixing success rate
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Jonsson, Fredrik, and Rickard Jäderberg. "Test av kinematisk Precise Point Positioning i realtid." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20121.

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Utvecklingen av satellitbaserad positionsbestämning gör det idag befogat att begära låga osäkerheter med GNSS. Det är idag möjligt att uppnå osäkerheter kring centimetern. Bäst mätosäkerhet ger relativ mätning som sker med stöd av antingen enkelstations- eller nätverks-RTK. I Sverige erbjuder Lantmäteriet med sitt SWEPOS ett tätt referensnätverk som förser användaren med korrektionsdata oavsett position inom Sveriges gränser. Dock är det inte alla länder som kan erbjuda denna positionstjänst. Geografiskt stora länder har mycket svårt att skapa ett referensnät, det skulle betyda flera tusen stationer och gör det till en ekonomisk fråga. Det är bl.a. ur den synpunkten andra metoder har växt fram. En av dessa är Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Enligt G. Hedling (personlig kommunikation, 18 mars 2015) har PPP fått en väl etablering inom jordbruket samt på maritima gruv- och oljeplattformar. Metoden är lämplig vid stora öppna ytor och när avståndet till närmsta referensstation är stor. PPP använder sig av absolut positionering och kan mäta både statiskt och kinematiskt och resultat kan fås i realtid och genom efterberäkning. Det ligger i Lantmäteriets intresse att testa kinematisk PPP i Sverige och den här studien testar kinematisk PPP i realtid med programvaran BNC 2.11 och med korrektioner från International GPS Service (IGS). Enligt Bisnath & Gao (2009) erhålls decimeterosäkerhet med kinematisk PPP och för att bestämma dess tillförlitlighet har i den här studien koordinatavvikelse beräknats mellan BNC och enkelstations-RTK med stöd från SWEPOS. Koordinaterna från enkelstations-RTK har vid testerna angivits som de sanna koordinaterna, genom ett statiskt test har det undersökts om det är motiverat. Utifrån den statiska mätningen har även intialiseringstiden kunnat utredas, alltså den tid det tar för PPP att konvergera. Efterberäkningstjänsten CSRS-PPP har också testats och jämförts mot kända koordinater vid den statiska mätningen.Studien visar att efter närmare en timmes observation avviker PPP under 2 dm i plan mot enkelstations-RTK. Den visar också att 15-30 minuters konvergeringstid är nödvändig för att erhålla osäkerheter på några decimeter. Några av de faktorer som påverkar resultatet är bl.a. jonosfärstörning. högt PDOP-värde och antal processerade satelliter i mjukvarorna, hur mycket är svårt att säga. Vid en tappad signal krävs en ny omintialisering på flera tiotals minuter. Studien visar också att det är lämpligt att använda enkelstations-RTK som sanning. Vid den statiska mätningen avviker enkelstations-RTK kring centimetern mot den kända punktens koordinater, vilket anses godtagbart. CSRS-PPP uppvisar bra resultat och är inte mycket sämre än det resultat enkelstations-RTK redovisar.
Today it´s possible to achieve low uncertainties when surveying with GNSS. You can expect uncertainties around centimeter-level. The best results are achieved when using relative-surveying with corrections from single-station- or network-RTK. The Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority (Lantmäteriet) is providing a well-developed network of reference stations. The network, called SWEPOS, offers corrections for its users independent of position within the Swedish borders. Far from all nations has the ability or the financial resources to create such an expanded network. Instead, other methods for satellite surveying have been developed, including Precise Point Positioning (PPP). According to G. Hedling (personal communication, 18 march 2015) PPP is well-established in the agriculture and in the maritime mining- and oil-industry. The method is suitable in open areas and it is independently of nearby reference stations. PPP is using what’s called absolute-surveying. The surveying is performed either kinematic or static and the results can be obtained thru post-processing or in real-time. “Lantmäteriet” has interest in testing kinematic PPP in Sweden and for this thesis kinematic PPP in real-time is tested with BNC 2.11 software and corrections is given from the International GPS Service (IGS). According to Bisnath & Gao (2009) it is possible to achieve uncertainties in decimeter-level with kinematic PPP. To determine the reliability of PPP the deviation has been calculated against single-station-RTK. The single-station-RTK coordinates have in this study been used as the “truth” and in an additional test using static measurements it has been investigated if that’s correct. From the static test the initialization time for PPP as well as the quality of the post-processing service CSRS-PPP has been studied.The results show that after nearly an hour of observation the deviation between PPP and single-station-RTK are below 2 dm for the level-coordinates. The initialization time of 15-30 minutes is necessary to achieve uncertainties of a few decimeters. Elements that are affecting the results are disturbance in the ionosphere, high PDOP and number of processed satellites in the software. In which extent it’s not possible to determine. When the signal is lost between rover and satellites a re-initialization of 15-30 minutes is needed. It also shows that it is reasonable to use single-station-RTK as the “truth”. Single-station-RTK deviates a proximately one centimeter in relation to known coordinates. The post-processing service CSRS-PPP gives remarkably good results not far from what single-station-RTK offers.
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Toluc, Ahmet Bayram. "Multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning Using GPS, GLONASS and Galileo." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471490165.

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Shirazian, Masoud. "Remarks on the quality of GPS precise point positioning using phase observations." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik och Geodesi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93966.

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GPS processing, like every processing method for geodetic applications, relies upon least-squares estimation. Quality measures must be defined to assure that the estimates are close to reality. These quality measures are reliable provided that, first, the covariance matrix of the observations (the stochastic model) is well defined and second, the systematic effects are completely removed (i.e., the functional model is good). In the GPS precise point positioning (PPP) the stochastic and functional models are not as complicated as in the differential GPS processing. We will assess the quality of the GPS Precise Point Positioning in this thesis. To refine the functional model from systematic errors, we have 1) used the phase observations to prevent introducing any hardware bias to the observation equations, 2) corrected observations for all systematic effects with amplitudes of more than 1cm, 3) used undifferenced observations to prevent having complications (e.g. linearly related parameters) in the system of observation equations. To have a realistic covariance matrix for the observations we have incorporated the ephemeris’ uncertainties into the system of observation equations. The above-mentioned technique is numerically tested on the real data of some of the International GNSS Service stations. The results confirm that undifferenced stochastic-related properties (e.g. degrees of freedom) can be reliable means to recognize the parameterization problem in differenced observation equations. These results also imply that incorporation of the satellite ephemeris uncertainties might improve the estimates of the station positions.
QC 20120503
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Choy, Sue Lynn, and suelynnc@gmail com. "An Investigation into the Accuracy of Single Frequency Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091105.115902.

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This thesis investigates the major errors and processes affecting the performance of a viable, standalone point positioning technique known as single frequency Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The PPP processing utilises both single frequency code and carrier phase GPS observables. The mathematical model implemented is known as the code and quasi-phase combination. Effective measures to improve the quality of the positioning solutions are assessed and proposed. The a priori observations sigma (or standard deviation) ratio in the sequential least squares adjustment model plays a significant role in determining the accuracy and precision of the estimated solutions, as well as the solutions convergence time. An
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Deliktas, Hilmi Can. "Investigation on the contribution of GLONASS observations to GPS Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468936251.

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Books on the topic "Point à point (PtP)"

1

Seay, Davin, and Denise Jones. Life, love & other mysteries: Advice and inspiration from America's #1 Christian pop group. New York: Pocket Books, 1996.

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Cannon, Gary. A technical approach to building electronics Product Recall Point (PRP). [San Diego, California]: National University, 2013.

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Logue, Mary. Point no point. Madison, Wis: Bleak House Books, 2008.

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Logue, Mary. Point no point. Toronto: Worldwide, 2009.

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Huxley, Aldous. Point Counter Point. London: Random House Group Limited, 2009.

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Huxley, Aldous. Point counter point. Normal, IL: Dalkey Archive Press, 1996.

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Logue, Mary. Point no point. Toronto: Worldwide, 2009.

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Vick, Nichole J. Aldus FreeHand: Point by point. Glenview, Ill: Scott, Foresman, 1990.

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Reed, Todd. Todd Reed: Ludington point to point. Ludington, Mich: Beamer Books, 2000.

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See Pip Point. Simon Spotlight, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Point à point (PtP)"

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Gao, Yang. "Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." In Encyclopedia of Geodesy, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02370-0_13-1.

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Stobart, Simon, and Mike Vassileiou. "Boolean, Integer and Floating Point Types." In PHP and MySQL Manual, 45–49. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-404-3_7.

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Fazel, Khaled, and Volker Engels. "A Digital Microwave Point-to-Multi-Point (PMP) System Based on Multi-Carrier FDMA Transmission." In Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum & Related Topics, 71–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4463-0_8.

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Vogel, Mathias, Keisuke Tateno, Marc Pollefeys, Federico Tombari, Marie-Julie Rakotosaona, and Francis Engelmann. "P2P-Bridge: Diffusion Bridges for 3D Point Cloud Denoising." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 184–201. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72627-9_11.

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de Hoog, Jens, Ahmed N. Ahmed, Ali Anwar, Steven Latré, and Peter Hellinckx. "Quality-Aware Compression of Point Clouds with Google Draco." In Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, 227–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89899-1_23.

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Ben Khalifa, Dorra, Matthieu Martel, and Assalé Adjé. "POP: A Tuning Assistant for Mixed-Precision Floating-Point Computations." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 77–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46902-3_5.

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Roch, Peter, Bijan Shahbaz Nejad, Marcus Handte, and Pedro José Marrón. "Optimizing PnP-Algorithms for Limited Point Correspondences Using Spatial Constraints." In Advances in Visual Computing, 215–29. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47966-3_17.

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Catone, Maria Carmela, Mariacristina Falco, Alessandro Maisto, Serena Pelosi, and Alfonso Siano. "Automatic Text Classification Through Point of Cultural Interest Digital Identifiers." In Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, 211–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33509-0_19.

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Huang, Lingyong, Zhiping Lu, Baozhu Li, Guodong Xin, Wen An, Hao Lv, Ning Wang, and Xinfeng Zhou. "The Performance Analysis of Multi-system Integrated Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 317–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0940-2_28.

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Ramachandran, Duraisamy, Ami Hassan Md Din, Siti Aisah Ibrahim, and Abdullah Hisam Omar. "Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) for Positioning and Mapping." In GCEC 2017, 891–913. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_64.

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Conference papers on the topic "Point à point (PtP)"

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Zhu, Yeqing, Liangyu Zhao, Qingjie Zhao, Zhenyu Wu, Hongming Shen, and Danwei Wang. "PLP-SLAM: Point-Line-Plane Simultaneous Localization and Mapping." In 2024 18th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), 245–50. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821614.

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Savanier, Marion, Claude Comtat, and Florent Sureau. "Learning with Fixed Point Condition for Convergent PNP PET Reconstruction." In 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635535.

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Wang, Rebecca, Juan Blanch, and Todd Walter. "Constellation Fault Monitoring to Support a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Integrity Service." In 37th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2024), 628–42. Institute of Navigation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2024.19784.

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Ghanbari, Elmira, Alireza Saatchi, Danyil Kovalov, Bruno Kursten, and Digby D. Macdonald. "The Influence of Halide Ions on the Passivity Breakdown of Carbon Steel Based on the Point Defect Model." In CORROSION 2018, 1–8. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11025.

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Abstract An important factor in determining the breakdown of the barrier layer of the passive film on carbon steel in halide-containing solutions is the anion size. In this study, the influence of the size of aggressive anions on the passivity breakdown of UNS K02700 grade carbon steel exposed to saturated Ca(OH)2 solutions with the addition of different halides was investigated by using the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) experiments. The PDP results were interpreted by using a mechanistic description based on the Point Defect Model (PDM). The experimental results revealed a linear dependence of the critical breakdown potential (Ec) on the logarithm of the activity of the breakdown-inducing halide (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-), as predicted by the PDM. Furthermore, the PDM successfully accounted for the order with which the halides induce passivity breakdown, F- &lt; Cl- &gt; Br- &gt; I-, in terms of competitive Gibbs free energy of anion dehydration and expansion of surface oxygen vacancies, into which the halide must absorb as the initial event in the breakdown process.
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Gaillard, Georges, Fabienne Saliou, Dylan Chevalier, Gaël Simon, Philippe Chanclou, Luiz Anet Neto, Michel Morvan, and Bruno Fracasso. "A Versatile Point-to-Point Network Architecture with Multi-Rate Adaptability from 100 Gbit/s to 10 Gbit/s." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2024.w2a.29.

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PtP networks are optimized with optical switch and extended reach (25-50 km) to another CO to allow flexible band width and power consumption. Different transmission capacities and scenarios are experimented with a DFB, from 100 Gbit/s to 10 Gbit/s with/without FEC and SOA.
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Wahyudi, Wali Ahmad, and Myo Min Htut. "Neural-tuned PID controller for Point-to-point (PTP) positioning system: Model reference approach." In Its Applications (CSPA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cspa.2009.5069204.

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Wahyudi, Tarig F. Ibrahim, and Momoh J. E. Salami. "Robustness evaluation of fuzzy-based NCTF control of point-to-point (PTP) positioning systems." In 2007 IEEE/ASME international conference on advanced intelligent mechatronics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim.2007.4412448.

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Purtojo and Wahyudi. "Integral anti-windup scheme of full-state feedback control for point-to-point (PTP) positioning system." In 2008 International Conference on Electronic Design. ICED 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iced.2008.4786777.

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Schneier, Bruce, and Mudge. "Cryptanalysis of Microsoft's point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP)." In the 5th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/288090.288119.

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Goodarzi, B., and H. Sarbazi-Azad. "Task Migration in Mesh NoCs over Virtual Point-to-Point Connections." In 2011 19th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdp.2011.71.

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Reports on the topic "Point à point (PtP)"

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Simpson, W. The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). RFC Editor, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1548.

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Simpson, W., ed. The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). RFC Editor, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1661.

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Hamzeh, K., G. Pall, W. Verthein, J. Taarud, W. Little, and G. Zorn. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP). RFC Editor, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2637.

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Carlson, J., and R. Winslow. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Vendor Protocol. RFC Editor, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3772.

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Perkins, D., and R. Hobby. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) initial configuration options. RFC Editor, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1172.

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Simpson, W. The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) for the Transmission of Multi-protocol Datagrams over Point-to-Point Links. RFC Editor, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1331.

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Higashiyama, M., F. Baker, and T. Liao. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Bridging Control Protocol (BCP). RFC Editor, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3518.

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Schryver, V. IANA Considerations for the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). RFC Editor, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3818.

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Liu, D., J. Halpern, and C. Zhang. ifStackTable for the Point-to-Point (P2P) Interface over a LAN Type: Definition and Examples. RFC Editor, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9296.

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Housley, R., and T. Moore. Certificate Extensions and Attributes Supporting Authentication in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN). RFC Editor, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3770.

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