Relevant bibliographies by topics / Point de passage obligé

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Point de passage obligé'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Point de passage obligé"

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Lamonde, Yvan. "La confiance en soi du pauvre : pour une histoire du sujet québécois." Pour une histoire du sujet québécois, no. 58 (February 28, 2012): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008116ar.

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Ce texte part d'une réflexion sur deux textes de Ralph Waldo Emerson et explore cette « confiance en soi » qui a rendu possible le penseur américain, The American Scholar, titre d'un texte culturellement fondateur. J'essaie de baliser l'histoire de cette « confiance en soi » au Québec et propose de voir dans les années 1930 un point tournant. Cette « confiance en soi » passe par la reconnaissance d'une pauvreté que Saint-Denys Garneau a identifiée, nommée et qui semble, à moi et à d'autres, le passage obligé de la découverte d'une « confiance en soi » qui ne masque pas la mémoire mais lui fait passer la porte étroite du face à face.
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Bourblanc, Magalie, and Raphaëlle Ducrot. "Courtiers en développement et contrôleurs d’accès : deux figures incontournables des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté rurale en Afrique du Sud." Cahiers Agricultures 27, no. 5 (September 2018): 55006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2018033.

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Cet article analyse la mise en œuvre de programmes publics de lutte contre la pauvreté rurale en Afrique du Sud et fait le parallèle avec les politiques d’aide internationale au développement, en soulignant en particulier un de leurs travers, à savoir leur relative inefficacité. En remobilisant un concept-clé des travaux en anthropologie, celui du courtier, couplé à la redécouverte de l’idée de ≪ point de passage obligé » (gatekeeping) issue de la science politique, cet article montre à quel point les courtiers ont l’ambition de s’imposer comme des intermédiaires hégémoniques au sein d’un univers du courtage très disputé. À cette occasion, notre article s’interroge sur les relations entre les figures nouvelles et traditionnelles du courtage, c’est-à-dire entre les conseils d’administration des comités d’irrigation et les élites tribales.
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Hemidy, Laurent, and Louis-Georges Soler. "Nouvelles exigences en gestion de la petite entreprise agricole : réflexions à partir du cas français." Revue internationale P.M.E. 5, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008140ar.

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Cet article propose un cadre de réflexion pour le développement de recherches dans le domaine de raide à la décision et du conseil en agriculture. Les principaux enjeux qui se présentent aujourd’hui en matière d’instruments de gestion reflètent d’une part la situation actuelle des exploitations agricoles et révolution des problèmes auxquels elles sont confrontées et d’autre part, les limites des démarches classiques de conseil auprès de ces entreprises. Compte tenu de ces enjeux, les auteurs avancent l’idée que pour aider les agriculteurs à faire face aux évolutions en cours, il faut maintenant mettre à leur disposition des outils de gestion qui tiennent compte de leurs propres logiques d’action et des contraintes qui pèsent sur leurs propres processus de décision. Suivant cette perspective, deux directions d’approfondissement peuvent structurer les contributions de la recherche : établir des modèles de fonctionnement décisionnel de l’entreprise, point de passage obligé pour la conception d’outils de pilotage appropriables par les acteurs ; réfléchir sur la place et le rôle de l’instrumentation dans la relation de conseil et contribuer à une perspective plus théorique de l’aide à la décision.
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Lecocq, Franck, and Jean-Charles Hourcade. "Le taux d’actualisation contre le principe de précaution?" Articles 80, no. 1 (March 5, 2005): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010753ar.

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Résumé L’utilisation du calcul économique sur le très long terme fait l’objet de critiques qui peuvent aller jusqu’à un rejet pur et simple, en particulier en raison de la technique de l’actualisation qui, en écrasant le poids du long terme, viendrait en contradiction avec le principe de précaution. Nous expliquons ici, sur la base de l’expérience des débats autour du changement climatique, en quoi, appliquée en toute rigueur, l’actualisation est au contraire un point de passage obligé pour clarifier les enjeux de la décision. Nous montrons en particulier que, dans un cadre de décision séquentielle avec acquisition d’information, le choix, qui restera toujours controversé, du coefficient de préférence pure pour le présent, importe moins que les hypothèses sur la croissance, sur la productivité du capital, sur les préférences des agents et sur leurs « croyances » vis-à-vis des dommages climatiques. Nous concluons sur le fait que le taux de préférence pure pour le présent ne saurait résumer à lui seul les questions de solidarité avec les générations futures. Il convient aussi d’examiner la nature de ce que nous léguons aux générations futures, en particulier les stocks de capital physique et de connaissance qui déterminent leurs capacités d’adaptation à de futures informations.
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Lemahieu, Thomas. "le passage obligé." Vacarme 23, no. 2 (2003): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vaca.023.0019.

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Lambert, Julie. "Kandinsky, passage obligé." Esprit Mai, no. 5 (2009): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.0905.0202.

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Cadoret, Anne. "Le terrain, passage obligé." Bulletin de l'Association française des anthropologues 29, no. 1 (1987): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jda.1987.1353.

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Levasseur, Jean. "Le Passage obligé (review)." Nouvelles Études Francophones 26, no. 2 (2011): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nef.2011.0026.

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Christeller-Benchekroun, Najate. "Le monisme sexuel, un passage obligé ?" Les Lettres de la SPF N° 19, no. 1 (June 2, 2008): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lspf.019.0137.

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Barbette, Yves-André. "Une passage obligé vers la philosophie maçonnique." La chaîne d'union N° 73, no. 3 (January 3, 2015): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cdu.073.0014.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Point de passage obligé"

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Savoie, Parick. "Analyser une controverse à l'aide de la sociologie de l'acteur réseau : exploration des débats entourant la création du registre national des délinquants sexuels au Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23199.

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En 2003, le comité permanent de la justice et des droits de la personne a été chargé d’étudier le projet de loi C-23, qui visait la mise en place d’un registre national des délinquants sexuels au Canada. Lors de ce processus, 12 mémoires ont été présentés au comité par des organismes et des individus qui désiraient se prononcer sur la controverse soulevée par ce projet de loi. Cette thèse vise deux objectifs inter-reliés : l’un empirique, l’autre théorique. Tout d’abord, il s’agit de mener une analyse des diverses problématisations que les auteurs de ces mémoires ont fait de la controverse. Dans un deuxième temps, cet analyse est aussi un exercice d’application théorique, où les concepts d’acteurs, d’actant et de point de passage obligé, qui sont proposés par la sociologie de l’acteur-réseau de Bruno Latour, sont utilisés.
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Mejjad, Jawad. "Le rire, indicateur social : l'attitude humoristique comme passage obligé de la modernité vers la postmodernité." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H004.

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La crise des valeurs de la modernité est paradoxalement accompagnée d’une carnavalisation généralisée de la société. De tous côtés jaillissent d’incontrôlables éclats de rire, et l’attitude humoristique est devenue le mode de communication imposé à l’ensemble du monde social, et plus particulièrement dans les entreprises. Une évolution de la conception du rire est notable dans le milieu du travail, où d’interdit dans les sociétés industrielles, le rire est toléré puis encouragé dans les sociétés de service, pour devenir obligatoire dans les start-up. Cette évolution ne fait que traduire la place du rire dans la société dans sa globalité, et peut à ce titre nous servir d’indicateur social. En effet, nous retrouvons cet état de fait dans plusieurs périodes sociales pour marquer une inflexion dans les valeurs qui régissent une société à un moment donné, pour dire un changement social majeur, et pour ce qui nous concerne un passage de la modernité à la postmodernité. Le rire permet cette analyse par des caractères qui lui sont propres, notamment le désir du neutre et le retour aux sources. Eclater de rire revient à fragmenter les données de base, pour pouvoir les reconstituer autrement, et repartir sur de nouvelles bases. Le rire a ainsi cette caractéristique fondamentale de détruire et construire dans le même mouvement, d’être une violence fécondante, autrement dit mourir de rire équivaut à une renaissance
There is a paradox : modernity values are in crisis and, simultaneously me social carnavalisation is generalized. Everywhere, there is an uncontrolled laughter, and humoristic attitude is becoming me imposed mode of communication for me entire social world, and more particularly in firms. An evolution of me concept of laughter is noticeable in the working world ; Iaughter is forbidden in industrial companies, tolerated and encouraged in service companies, and obligatory in the start-up companies. This evolution is a translation of the position of laughter in society as a whole, and can be used as a social indication. Indeed, we find this evolution in several social periods showing an inflection in values which govem a society at a given time, and through that it inform US of a major social transformation, and for us here about me transition between modemity and postmodernity. Laughter allows this analysis through its specific characters, especially the neutral desire and a retum to sources. To burst out Iaughing means to shatter me basics, so that we reconstruct them differently and start again on new basis. Thus, laughter has this fundamental charactenstic to destroy and to build in the same movement, to be a fertilizing violence, in other words to laugh to death is equivalent to a rebirth
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Apollon, Pascal. "La gestion du savoir, passage obligé vers l'innovation : modélisation informatique du savoir tacite en contexte organisationnel." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7284/1/030032805.pdf.

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Zobda-Peslages, Dominique. "La structuration des "emplois de proximité" d'aide à la personne en système d'activités professionnelles. Le passage obligé de la reconnaissance sociale." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20092.

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La periode de mutation qui caracterise notre societe s'accompagne de mutations au niveau du travail avec l'emergence de nouveaux champs, de nouveaux secteurs ou de nouveaux types d'activites professionnelles. Les activites de proximite, basees sur la restauration du lien social relevent de cette dynamique. Mais leur structuration en systeme d'activites professionnelles pose probleme. Elle correspond en effet a une veritable socialisation professionnelle alors qu'elle s'inscrit dans des modalites particulieres de pensee et de fonctionnements. Ainsi, la contextualisation et les representations sociales vehiculees constituent-elles un frein au developpement du service de proximite d'aide a la personne. Or, ce dernier n'est envisageable qu'a travers un processus de reconnaissance sociale officielle mais aussi publique, c'est a dire un processus de changements representationnels, d'identification, de legitimation et d'authentification de l'activite et des personnels qui en sont les prestataires.
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Ames, Richard M. (Richard Mansur). "Point of departure : landscape, memory and change as passage for design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71075.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).
This thesis is the exploration of the natural and cultural environment through design. The natural landscape is a richly complex system reliant on interdependencies, change, and renewal. It is laden with multiple, even contradictory interpretations, yet it is one of intimate associations and often pastoral repose. Unlike the often static, simplistic order of the human environment, the natural environment is understood and enjoyed through formal and interactive relationships set in an emerging process of time. As such, a very positive reference for societies' state can be found in observing and transforming all evolving landscape that surrounds, nourishes, and defines us. The landscape, the "point of departure," becomes meaningful in its expression of the perpetual possibility of an occurrence, change or design. The vehicle for this investigation is a design projection for a small park in conjunction with the 1992 summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, Spain. The programmatic requirements are to supply temporary exhibit space for the Olympic/global ideal and to function as a formal and pedestrian link between the closed formal axis of the city and its extension to the Olympic Stadium. A strong design concern is the interpretation of the site as a temporal, spatial, and formal continuum of what existed before, the needs during the three week Olympic celebration, and its return to a daily routine as a new botanical garden. The first section is an elaboration of the relativistic character of the natural environment and its reference to both the process of design and the human experience. The second section describes the site in terms of landscape, its formal attributes and its place in geographic time. The third section describes the site in terms of memory, autobiographical and cultural time, the impact of man's relation to nature, and the specific plastic effects that it has had on the existing condition and form. The last section reveals the site in terms of change, or both the literal and lyrical passage of design. This part synoptically describes the temporal and formal configuration between what was, what is, and what might be.
by Richard M. Ames.
M.Arch.
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Kindahl, Johanna. "passage, utkiksplats, förhall, ljusrum, nisch, återvändsgränd." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246183.

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Utgångspunkten för projektet är en undersökning av mina egna minnen av grundskolan. Genom att rita upp skolan ur minnet och analysera utvalda rumsligheter har jag undersökt vad jag minns av skolbyggnaden och varför. Upplevelsen av många av rumsligheterna jag minns som spännande handlade om ett upptäckande. En organisering av rumsligheterna i relation till riktning ledde till en idé om en spatial struktur och orienterbarhet utifrån två korsande axlar. Inre riktningar i relation till två korsande axlar har analyserats genom Palladios Villa Rotonda och Palazzo Della Torre.  Riktningarna från undersökningen har satts i relation till platsens riktningar. Undersökningen resulterade i två volymer med en passage mellan. Genom passagen spänner den yttre primära axeln mellan en mur framför skolan mot vägen och skogen som utgör den bortre gränsen för skolgården.  I skärningspunkten av axlarna finns en innegård, ett förrum till byggnaderna och den inre tvärgående axeln. Den inre axeln ger en spatial struktur kring vilka rum är organiserade. Ett pelarsystem bidrar till att framhäva riktningarna i byggnaden. En lång förhall omgiven av pelare leder från entréerna vid innergården fram till slutpunkten för den inre axeln, ett ljusrum som sträcker sig genom våningsplanen. Den norra delen för de yngre barnen har en trappa framför ljusrummet, trappan återkommer för de äldre barnen i den södra delen bakom ljusrummet. I anslutning till korridorer och allmän yta finns rum med kvalitéer från undersökningen att upptäcka.
The starting point of the project is an analysis of my own memories of elementary school. By drawing up the school from memory and analyzing selected spaces, I have investigated what I remember about the school building and why. The experience of many of the spaces I remember as exciting was about a discovery. An organization of spatial relationships in relation to direction led to an idea of a spatial structure and orientation based on two intersecting axes. Internal directions in relation to two intersecting axes have been analyzed by Palladios Villa Rotonda and Palazzo Della Torre.   The directions from the analysis have been put in relation to the directions of the site. The the analysis resulted in two volumes with a passage between. Through the passage, the outer primary axis spans a wall in front of the school towards the road and the forest which constitutes the far border of the schoolyard.   At the intersection of the axes is an inner courtyard, an vestibule for the buildings and the inner transverse axis. The inner axes provides a spatial structure around which rooms are organized. A pillar system helps to emphasize the directions in the building. A long vestibule surrounded by pillars leads from the entrances by the inner courtyard to the end point of the inner vestibule, a light room that extends through the floors. The northern part for the younger children has a staircase in front of the light room, the staircase recur for the older children in the southern part behind the light room. In connection with corridors and public areas, there are rooms with qualities from the analysis to be discovered.
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Letort, Arnaud. "Passage à l'échelle pour les contraintes d'ordonnancement multi-ressources." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932215.

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La programmation par contraintes est une approche régulièrement utilisée pour résoudre des problèmes combinatoires d'origines diverses. Dans cette thèse nous nous focalisons sur les problèmes d'ordonnancement cumulatif. Un problème d'ordonnancement consiste à déterminer les dates de débuts et de fins d'un ensemble de tâches, tout en respectant certaines contraintes de capacité et de précédence. Les contraintes de capacité concernent aussi bien des contraintes cumulatives classiques où l'on restreint la somme des hauteurs des tâches intersectant un instant donné, que des contraintes cumulatives colorées où l'on restreint le nombre maximum de couleurs distinctes prises par les tâches. Un des objectifs récemment identifiés pour la programmation par contraintes est de traiter des problèmes de grandes tailles, habituellement résolus à l'aide d'algorithmes dédiés et de métaheuristiques. Par exemple, l'utilisation croissante de centres de données virtualisés laisse apparaitre des problèmes d'ordonnancement et de placement multi-dimensionnels de plusieurs milliers de tâches. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous utilisons l'idée de balayage synchronisé considérant simultanément une conjonction de contraintes cumulative et des précédences, ce qui nous permet d'accélérer la convergence au point fixe. De plus, de ces algorithmes de filtrage nous dérivons des procédures gloutonnes qui peuvent être appelées à chaque nœud de l'arbre de recherche pour tenter de trouver plus rapidement une solution au problème. Cette approche permet de traiter des problèmes impliquant plus d'un million de tâches et 64 ressources cumulatives. Ces algorithmes ont été implémentés dans les solveurs de contraintes Choco et SICStus, et évalués sur divers problèmes déplacement et d'ordonnancement.Mots-clés : Programmation par contraintes, ordonnancement, cumulatif, passage à l'échelle, point fixe, contraintes de ressources multidimensionelles, balayage synchronisé.
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BONNABRY, CELINE. "Mise au point et validation de modeles d'etude in vitro du passage percutane (doctorat : sciences pharmaceutiques)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF1PP06.

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Selig, Elin. "Museet för glömska : berättelsen om ett nomadiserande konstmuseum i ett Actor-Network Theory-perspektiv." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138784.

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Samtidskonsten innebär att en mängd nya sätt att organisera presentationen av konst på har uppstått. Museet för glömska är en mindre samtidskonsthall med starkt idébaserad grund som kan sägas vara allt från ett kulturprojekt till ett idébaserat museum. Denna uppsats belyser vad Museet för glömska är och hur det görs i ett ANT-perspektiv. En del av uppsatsen är också att se hur en organisation som Museet för glömska låter sig studeras. Syftet med uppsatsen är att öka förståelsen för icke-traditionella museum och samtidskonsthallars organisation. Detta genom att synliggöra de förbindelser och relationer som bildar Museet för glömska. Tidigare studier av har visat att problematiken med samtidskonsten och dess organisering är att konsthallarna står i en beroendeställning till finansiärer varför det kritiska perspektiv som kännetecknar samtidskonsten kan vara svår att åstadkomma. Därför finns det anledning att studera alternativa organisationsformer. Museet för glömska undgår i viss mån denna problematik eftersom verksamheten sker på ideell grund. För att beskriva hur förbindelserna inom Museet för glömska hålls på plats använda begreppet obligatorisk passagepunkt, vilket kan sägas vara ett sätt att belysa hur makten fördelas i en organisation och vilka strategier som används för att bibehålla en maktposition. För att ytterligare beskriva vad Museet för glömska är och hur det görs används också begreppen objektskapande- och rumsligt nätverksperspektiv. Museet för glömska består, i ett ANT-perspektiv, av två kretslopp. Ett litet för varje utställningstillfälle och ett stort som beskriver Museet för glömskas identitet. Det lilla kretsloppet består av delarna utställningsidén, konstnärerna, konstverken, platsen och finansieringen. Det stora innehåller delarna utställningar, Medier utan minne och icke-platsen samt anti-grupperna museer, akademin, media och konstvärlden. Den sammanhållande faktorn för båda kretsloppen är en obligatorisk passagepunkt i form av talespersonerna och en obligatorisk icke-passagepunkt i form av artikeln Medier utan minne. Talespersonernas strategier för att bevara nätverket varierar beroende på vilken aktör i nätverket som ska intresseras. I ett objektskapande nätverksperspektiv är de små kretsloppen och det stora kretsloppet olika, men sammankopplade, objekt som skapar Museet för glömska. I ett rumsligt nätverksperspektiv existerar endast ett litet kretslopp, det som för tillfället är aktivt. När kretsloppet övergår till att inte länge vara aktivt så övergår det till att vara en del av det stora kretsloppets rumsliga nätverksform genom att det då endast existerar på Museet för glömskas webbsida. Jag hävdar genom uppsatsen att Museet för glömska kan ses på många olika sätt men att det i min uppsats ska förstås som en icke-organisation bestående av två kretslopp som hålls samman av en obligatorisk icke-passagepunkt i form av Medier utan minne och en obligatorisk passagepunkt i form av två talespersoner vars kommunikationer med kretsloppens olika delar och utpekandet av anti-grupper är essentiell för att Museet för glömska ska kunna bibehålla sin homeomorfism. Studien bidrar till att öka förståelsen för icke-traditionella konsthallar och museer genom att utvidga vad idébaserade museum kan vara och genom att visa på anti-gruppernas betydelse för icke-traditionella konsthallars identitetsskapande. Utöver detta visar också uppsatsen hur icke-organisationer kan studeras.
The emergence of contemporary art implied many new ways of organizing and presenting art. The Museum of Forgetting is a small and nomadic contemporary art gallery with a strong idea-based foundation. This thesis describes, what the Museum of Forgetting is and how it is made through an Actor Network Theory-perspective. Because of the complexity in what Museum of Forgetting is, it is also relevant to examine how an organization such as Museum of Forgetting can be studied. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of non-traditional museums and contemporary art galleries by displaying the associations with and within the Museum of Forgetting. Previous studies of contemporary art have shown that one problem of contemporary art and its organization is the dependence on external financiers. Therefore, the critical perspective, characterizing contemporary art, can be difficult to achieve. Because of this, there is reason to study alternative organizational forms of presenting and organizing art. This thesis increases the understanding of non-traditional art galleries and museums by expanding what idea-based museums can be and by showing the importance of anti-groups for the creation of the identities of non-traditional art galleries and museums. The empirical and analytical findings show, that the Museum of Forgetting, through an ANT perspective, consists of two cycles. A small one, that is actualized at each exhibition and a large one, describing the identity of the Museum of Forgetting. The small cycle consists of the following units: the exhibition-idea, the artists, the artworks, the place and the financing. The large cycle consists of: exhibitions, the article ”Media without memory” and non-location as well as anti-groups. The unifying factors for both cycles are one obligatory passage point manifested in two spokespersons and one obligatory non-passage point manifested in the article Media without memory. The spokespersons strategies to maintain their position as obligatory passage point varies, depending on which actor to enrol in the network. In essence, according to my findings, the Museum of Forgetting should be understood as two cycles which are coalesced by an obligatory non-passage point, manifested in Media without memory and an obligatory passage point, manifested in two spokespersons, whose communications with the different parts of the cycles and identification of anti-groups, are essential for maintaining the homeomorphism of the Museum of Forgetting.
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Lboutounne, Youssef. "Mise au point d'un dispositif innovant pour l'évaluation de l'influence de la température et de l'humidité sur le passage cutané des xénobiotiques." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA0014.

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La peau, interface entre l'homme et son environnement, est soumise en permanence aux agressions des agents physiques et chimiques du milieu extérieur. La surface de la peau, subit des gradients d'humidité et de température qui induisent des changements profonds sur l'état structurel et physiologique de la peau. Ainsi, la prise en compte de l'influence de la variabilité des caractéristiques de cet environnement dans l'évaluation de l'absorption percutanée est nécessaire. Actuellement, les techniques, in vitro, largement utilisées pour étudier l'absorption percutanée sont basées sur les cellules de diffusion statique type " cellule de Franz " ou les cellules à flux. L'utilisation de ces cellules a été validée par de nombreuses instances. Toutefois, ces dispositifs ne permettent pas la prise en compte de l'influence de l'environnement extérieur, particulièrement l'humidité et la température, sur l'absorption percutanée. Dans ce travail, nous avons mis au point un appareil innovant pour l'étude de l'influence de l'humidité et de la température sur l'absorption percutanée. Nous avons ensuite appliqué cette technique à l'étude de la pénétration percutanée des vapeurs du 2-Butoxyéthanol (étude ex vivo chez l'homme). La seconde partie de nos travaux porte sur la mise au point d'un kit intégré prêt à l'emploi pour les études percutanées, ex vivo, chez l'homme. Cette partie trouve son origine dans le fait que les explants cutanés humains constituent le " gold standard " dans les études de la pénétration percutanée. Néanmoins, leur disponibilité et leur approvisionnement sont souvent insuffisants. De plus, les opérations de préparation et de caractérisation sont consommatrices en termes de temps et frais
Skin, which is a protective coating and the ultimate interface between humans and the environment, is constantly subjected to aggressive physical and chemical agents from the external environment. Despite its role as a barrier, skin is a route of entry for toxic or medicinal compounds that bring about the development of therapeutic or toxic effects, which may be local or systemic. The surface of the skin undergoes continuous gradients of humidity and temperature that induce profound changes in the structural and physiological condition of the skin. It is therefore necessary to take into account the influence of " spatial-temporal " variability of the characteristics of this external environment in the assessment of percutaneous absorption. Currently, the widely in vitro techniques used for percutaneous absorption studies are based on diffusion cells : static diffusion cell " Franz cell " or flow cells. The use of these devices has been validated in many instances. However, these devices do not allow us to explore and consider the influence of the characteristics of the external environment, particulary moisture and temperature, on percutaneous absorption. In this work we implement a new apparatus to examine the influence of external environmental conditions (humidity and temperature) on the percutaneous absorption. We then applied this technique to study the percutaneous penetration of vapors of a glycol ether : 2-Butoxyethanol (ex vivo study in humans). The last part of our work focuses on the development of an integrated package ready-to-use for studies of ex vivo percutaneous in human. This part stems from the fact that human skin after abdominoplasty is the gold standard in percutaneous penetration studies, however, ist availability and supply are often inadequate. In addition, the operations of preparation and characterization are require time and costs (staff, equipment, consumables etc. . . )
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Books on the topic "Point de passage obligé"

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Le passage obligé: Roman. Montréal]: Édition du Club Québec Loisirs, 2011.

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Le passage obligé: Roman. Montréal: Leméac, 2010.

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Michel, Tremblay. Le passage obligé: Roman. Montréal: Leméac, 2010.

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Point de passage. Paris: Editions Kimé, 1994.

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Sirois, Charles. Passage obligé: De la gestion mécanique à la gestion organique. [Montréal]: Éditions de l'Homme, 1999.

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Marrin, Richard B. Passage Point: An amateur's dig into New Jersey's colonial past. Bowie, Md: Heritage Books, 1997.

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Rigby, David L. Unsteady stagnation-point heat transfer during passage of a concentrated vortex. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Rigby, David L. Unsteady stagnation-point heat transfer during passage of a concentrated vortex. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Canada, Bureau de la sécurité des transports du. VIA Rail Inc. collision à un passage à niveau point milliaire 79,04, subdivision Guelph Shakespeare (Ontario) 4 septembre 1993. Hull, Qué: Bureau de la sécurité des transports du Canada, 1995.

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Petit Mardi et les Zumins, Tome 1: Passage obligé. Paris: Dargaud, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Point de passage obligé"

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Silberberger, Jan, and Ignaz Strebel. "The obligatory passage point." In Architecture Competition, 139–50. New York : Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315567594-10.

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Benjamini, Itai, and Pascal Maillard. "Point-to-Point Distance in First Passage Percolation on (Tree) ×Z." In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 47–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09477-9_3.

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Steinbauer, Roland, Evelyn Süss-Stepancik, and Hermann Schichl. "Einführung in das mathematische Arbeiten – der Passage-Point an der Universität Wien." In Konzepte und Studien zur Hochschuldidaktik und Lehrerbildung Mathematik, 410–23. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03065-0_28.

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Lombardi, Mauro. "Fase di ‘transizione critica’ per il Sistema-Terra." In Studi e saggi, 45–54. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-310-9.05.

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Pandemic, health crisis, climate risk after decades of stressing natural capital because of overexploitation of resources and moreover increasing socio-economic inequalities are considered by many scholar to cause a tipping point in the evolution of bio-physical and socio-technical processes on a global level. In light of the systemic interdependencies of a hyper-connected world, the scenario of a global systemic crisis does not appear unlikely. We can try to avoid it by taking on new strategic priorities and mindset, then defining theoretical imperatives and application criteria. In this perspective, an example is the paradigm shift represented by the passage from the so-called shareholder capitalism to the stakeholder capitalism.
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Cain, Albane. "Description et enseignement des langues, passage obligé, risque d’impasse ?" In La description, 263–73. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.47525.

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"Front Matter." In La philosophie pratique : un passage obligé pour penser la société, I—IV. Presses de l'Université Laval, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1h0p4ph.1.

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Valevicius, Andrius. "Les valeurs humanistes et l’organisation du travail:." In La philosophie pratique : un passage obligé pour penser la société, 181–98. Presses de l'Université Laval, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1h0p4ph.11.

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Claveau, François. "L’épistémologie pratique n’est pas un oxymore." In La philosophie pratique : un passage obligé pour penser la société, 67–86. Presses de l'Université Laval, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1h0p4ph.6.

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"Table of Contents." In La philosophie pratique : un passage obligé pour penser la société, V—VIII. Presses de l'Université Laval, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1h0p4ph.2.

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Castelnérac, Benoît. "L’héritage inavouable:." In La philosophie pratique : un passage obligé pour penser la société, 43–64. Presses de l'Université Laval, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1h0p4ph.5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Point de passage obligé"

1

RIGBY, DAVID, and WILLIAM RAE. "Unsteady stagnation-point heat transfer during passage of a concentrated vortex." In 24th Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1690.

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Zhou, F. B., M. D. Duta, M. P. Henry, S. Baker, and C. Burton. "Remote Condition Monitoring for Railway Point Machine." In ASME/IEEE 2002 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtd2002-1646.

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This paper presents the research work carried out at Oxford University on condition monitoring of railway point machines. The developed condition monitoring system includes a variety of sensors for acquiring trackside data related to different parameters. Key events to be logged include time stamping of points operation, opening and closing of case cover associated with a points machine, insertion and removal of a hand-crank, loss of supply current and the passage of a train. The system also has built-in Web functions. This allows a remote operator using Internet Explorer to observe the condition of the point machine at any time, while the acquired data can be downloaded automatically for offline analysis, providing more detailed information on the health condition of the monitored point machine. A short daily condition report message can also be sent to relevant staff via email. At last the experience are reported on the four trackside installed systems.
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Luo, Ju, Jun Hu, Zhiqiang Wang, and Baofeng Tu. "Experimental Study of Effects of Bowed Blade on the Flow Field in a Cantilevered Stator Passage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25766.

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This paper presents experimental investigation conducted on a 2-stage low speed axial research compressor with cantilevered stator vanes. Flow fields at four different axial locations in the radial stacking and bowed stator passage were measured at maximum flow point and near stall point using 4 five-hole pressure probes. The aim of the work is to study the effects of the bowed stators with hub clearance on the flow field of compressor blade passage. The investigations were conducted with the first stage of the compressor. The hub clearances of both original and bowed stators are 1.1% of span. The results show that the scale of the separation vortex, the hub leakage vortex and the lower passage vortex in the bowed blade passage becomes much smaller and the hub leakage vortex is closer to the suction side at near stall point, which causes a much smaller mixing loss in the blade passage.
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Ahrikencheikh, C., A. A. Seireg, and B. Ravani. "Optimal and Conforming Motion of a Point in a Constrained Plane." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0060.

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Abstract This paper deals with automatic generation of motion of a point under both geometric and non-geometric constraints. Optimal point paths are generated which are not only free of collisions with polygonal obstacles representing geometric constraints but also conform to non-geometric constraints such as speed of the motion, a maximum allowable change in the velocity vector and a minimum clearance from the obstacle boundaries. The concept of passage networks and conforming paths on the network are introduced. These are used to provide a new representation of the free space as well as a motion generation algorithm with a computational time complexity of only O(n3.log(n)), where n designates the total number of obstacle vertices. The algorithm finds the shortest or fastest (curved) path that also conforms with preset constraints on the motion of the point. The point paths generated are proved to be optimal while conforming to the constraints.
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Shah, P. N., and C. S. Tan. "Effect of Blade Passage Surface Heat Extraction on Axial Compressor Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68815.

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Axial compressor performance with heat extraction via blade passage surfaces (compressor cooling) is compared to its adiabatic counterpart, using computational experiments and meanline modeling. For a multistage compressor with an adiabatic design point, results at fixed corrected rotor speed indicate that if available, compressor cooling would: (i) raise the overall pressure ratio (at a given corrected flow), (ii) raise the maximum mass flow capability, (iii) raise the efficiency, defined as the ratio of isentropic work for a given pressure ratio to actual shaft work, and (iv) provide rear stage choking relief at low corrected speed. In addition, it is found that, if available, cooling in the front stages is better than in the rear stages. This is primarily a thermodynamic effect that results from the fact that, for a given gas, the compression work required to achieve a given pressure ratio decreases as the gas becomes colder. Heat transfer considerations indicate that the engineering challenges lie in achieving high enough heat transfer rates to provide significant impact to the compressor’s performance.
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Aunapu, Nicole V., Ralph J. Volino, Karen A. Flack, and Ryan M. Stoddard. "Secondary Flow Measurements in a Turbine Passage With Endwall Flow Modification." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0212.

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A flow modification technique is introduced in an attempt to allow increased turbine inlet temperatures. A large-scale two half-blade cascade simulator is used to model the secondary flow between two adjacent turbine blades. Various flow visualization techniques and measurements are used to verify that the test section replicates the flow of an actual turbine engine. Two techniques are employed to modify the endwall secondary flow, specifically the path of the passage vortex. Six endwall jets are installed at a location downstream of the saddle point near the leading edge of the pressure side blade. These wall jets are found to be ineffective in diverting the path of the passage vortex. The second technique utilizes a row of 12 endwall jets whose positions along the centerline of the passage are based on results from an optimized boundary layer fence. The row of jets successfully diverts the path of the passage vortex and decreases its effect on the suction side blade. This can be expected to increase the effectiveness of film cooling in that area. The row of jets increases the aerodynamic losses in the passage, however. Secondary flow measurements are presented showing the development of the endwall flow, both with and without modification.
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Inada, Fumio. "A Parameter Study of Leakage-Flow-Induced Vibrations." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78027.

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The stability of thin plate able to execute translational or rotational vibration in a one dimensional narrow passage is studied, and critical flow rates are obtained theoretically. The effect of pivot point of rotational system is considered. In the case of single-degree-of-freedom rotational system, the pivot position greatly influences stability. Instability can occur when the passage is divergent in the case of translational vibration. When the pivot of rotational vibration is at the entrance of the passage, the region of negative fluid-dynamic damping can become very small, and flutter can hardly occur. When the pivot is at the slightly behind the center of the passage, the instability region can become large, and even if the passage shape is convergent, instability can occur.
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McDougall, N. M. "A Comparison Between the Design Point and Near Stall Performance of an Axial Compressor." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-70.

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Detailed measurements have been made within an axial compressor operating both at design point and near stall. Rotor tip clearance was found to control the performance of the machine by influencing the flow within the rotor blade passages. This was not found to be the case in the stator blade row, where hub clearance was introduced beneath the blade tips. Although the passage flow was observed to be altered dramatically, no significant changes were apparent in the overall pressure rise or stall point. Small tip clearances in the rotor blade row resulted in the formation of corner separations at the hub, where the blade loading was highest. More representative clearances resulted in blockage at the tip due to the increased tip clearance flow. The effects which have been observed emphasize both the three dimensional nature of the flow within compressor blade passages, and the importance of the flow in the endwall regions in determining the overall compressor performance.
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Newbound, T. D., and W. S. Wagiealla. "On-Line Hydrocarbon Dew Point Monitoring in Fuel Gas." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38868.

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Hydrocarbon dew point in fuel gas has become a recent concern for Saudi Aramco and Saudi Electricity Company (SEC). Together they operate more than 150 land based industrial and aeroderivative combustion gas turbines (CGTs) on natural gas produced in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Automated on-line hydrocarbon dew point monitoring conducted over the past two years has revealed wide variations in the hydrocarbon dew points of the fuel gas that supply these turbines. During winter months at some locations, hydrocarbon dew points are now known to rise to, and slightly above ambient gas temperatures. Daily variations in dew point temperature average about 12–14 °F (7–8 °C) in winter months with highs occuring in late morning hours. More dramatic changes (60 °F, 33 °C) were recorded and attributed to operational changes in two major gas plants. At a major power generation facility, hydrocarbon dew point data was referenced in time with inlet fuel temperature and inlet fuel pressure recorded from a turbine control system. This data reveals evidence that liquid hydrocarbon was entering the CGT fuel intake. Damage to hot gas path components from liquids in natural gas fuel has cost Saudi Aramco several million dollars over a 10 year period (1985–1995). The estimates are much higher now with expanded use of natural gas into the Central and Western Provinces of Saudi Arabia. The new sources of gas, new processing facilities and longer transmission distances all contribute to greater potential for liquids formation, while upgrades to higher firing temperatures also increases the sensitivity of some CGTs to liquids in the fuel. With dew point monitoring, we will be able to recommend the necessary fuel conditioning equipment and fuel preheating temperatures that will be needed to prevent costly distress to CGTs due to the passage of liquids in the fuel gas.
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Hou, Hucan, Yongxue Zhang, Zhenlin Li, Xin Zhou, and Zizhe Wang. "Hydraulic Design of Inlet Guide Vane and its Full Flow Passage Numerical Simulation on Centrifugal Pump." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36209.

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In order to effectively improve hydraulic performance of centrifugal pump on off-conditions, the hydraulic design of inlet guide vane (IGV) was completed by adopting two dimensional theory in-house code based on one kind of IS series of centrifugal pump, which can achieve pre-whirl regulation of centrifugal pump. During design process the trailing edge of vane is assumed as equal velocity moment condition, and the distribution of vane setting angle along meridional streamline is also given as a quartic function firstly, the camber line is then drawn by point-by-point integration method and thickened at both sides along circumferential direction. With local vortex dynamics diagnosis theory, the optimal improvement of vane space shape can be finished by adjusting the design parameters of vane setting angle distribution coefficient ap. The full flow passage numerical simulations of centrifugal pump with IGV device are completed to analyze the influence of pre-whirl regulation on hydraulic performance of centrifugal pump under various pre-whirl angles. The results show that the pre-whirl regulation can improve the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pump on off-conditions. Under the positive pre-whirl regulation conditions, the best efficient point shift to small flow rate zone, and under the negative pre-whirl regulation conditions it moves to large flow rate zone. Compared with the pump without IGV device at the same flow rate condition of 0.8Q (Q the design flow rate), the hydraulic efficiency of centrifugal pump with IGV device improves obviously and reaches up to 1.43%. Meanwhile compared with that installed with the straight vanes designed based on the traditional theory, the inner flow field of centrifugal pump with the designed vanes improves and the overall hydraulic efficiency of centrifugal pump is somewhat increased.
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Reports on the topic "Point de passage obligé"

1

Khan, Fenton, Gary E. Johnson, Ida M. Royer, James S. Hughes, Eric S. Fischer, Donna M. Trott, and Gene R. Ploskey. Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage and Distribution at Lookout Point Dam, 2010. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020635.

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Khan, Fenton, Gary E. Johnson, Ida M. Royer, James S. Hughes, Eric S. Fischer, Donna M. Trott, and Gene R. Ploskey. Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage and Distribution at Lookout Point Dam, 2010. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1042548.

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