Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Point de trouble'
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Labrecque, Charles, and Charles Labrecque. "Application de l'extraction au point trouble pour l'analyse radio chimique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26246.
Full textEn situation d’urgence, il est important d’avoir des méthodes analytiques permettant de déterminer l’étendue de la contamination à des niveaux d’ultratraces dans des échantillons biologiques et environnementaux. À cette fin, il est primordial de développer des méthodes permettant la préconcentration et la séparation d'analytes de prédilection de la matrice. L’extraction au point trouble (Cloud Point Extraction ou CPE) permet la séparation grâce à la déshydratation des surfactants non ioniques causée par l'agrégation des micelles lors de l'augmentation de la température et permet la récupération d’un ion, préalablement complexé, dans un faible volume. Cette capacité à séparer et à préconcentrer, très recherchée dans le domaine environnemental, a été démontrée pour de nombreux contaminants dans diverses matrices biologiques et environnementales simples. Toutefois, le CPE comporte plusieurs inconvénients puisque celui-ci n'est que très rarement possible dans des matrices fortement acides limitant son application pour des échantillons environnementaux qui sont préparés ou conservés dans des solutions acides. De plus, la majorité des systèmes d'extraction au point trouble utilisent des ligands peu sélectifs limitant leur application pour des solutions à haute teneur en solides dissous. Dans le cadre de ce projet, divers ligands ont été étudiés, le H2DEH[MDP] (P, P-di (2-éthylhexyle) de l'acide méthanediphosphonique) et des dérivés de DGA (diglycolamide), pour leurs habilités à se lier à des polluants d'intérêts. Le premier système efficace développé a permis de déterminer des teneurs en uranium en milieu acide et des teneurs en plutonium en milieu très acide dans des échantillons naturels. De plus, la sélectivité du système proposé a été étudiée ce qui a permis de déterminer son excellente capacité de séparation vis-à-vis le reste de la matrice. Des études ont également été entreprises afin de séparer les actinides extraits par CPE dans des échantillons biologiques et environnementaux par les techniques de séparation usuelles. Par ailleurs, la sélectivité de deux dérivés de DGA a été examinée, ce qui a permis de développer un système permettant l'analyse des lanthanides et de leur composition isotopique dans des matrices environnementales.
In emergency situations, it is important to have analytical methods to determine the extent of contamination at ultratrace levels in biological and environmental samples. For this purpose, it is essential to develop methods for the preconcentration and for the analyte of interest in the separation matrix. The cloud point extraction (Cloud Point Extraction or CPE) allows separation through dehydration of nonionic surfactants caused by the aggregation of micelles during the increase in temperature and allows the recovery of an ion, previously complexed in a small volume. This ability to separate and preconcentrate, highly sought after in the environmental field, has been demonstrated for many contaminants of interest in various biological and environmental matrices. However, the CPE has several disadvantages since it is rarely possible to extract efficiently in highly acidic matrices, thus limiting its application to environmental samples that are prepared or preserved in acidic solutions. In addition, the majority of extraction systems use binding agent with poor selectivity limiting their application to solutions with high dissolved solids. As part of this project, various binding agent were studied, H2DEH[MDP] and a derivative of DGA for their ability to bind to contaminants of interest. The first system, developed, effective under acidic conditions, was used to determine the levels of uranium and subsequently in very acidic media to plutonium samples in natural environment. Furthermore, the selectivity of the proposed system has been studied and exhibited excellent separation with respect to the rest of the constituents of the matrix. In addition, studies have been undertaken to separate actinides extracted by CPE in biological and environmental samples by conventional separation techniques. Furthermore, the selectivity of two derivatives was investigated DGA, which has developed a system for the analysis of the lanthanides and their isotopic composition in environmental matrices.
In emergency situations, it is important to have analytical methods to determine the extent of contamination at ultratrace levels in biological and environmental samples. For this purpose, it is essential to develop methods for the preconcentration and for the analyte of interest in the separation matrix. The cloud point extraction (Cloud Point Extraction or CPE) allows separation through dehydration of nonionic surfactants caused by the aggregation of micelles during the increase in temperature and allows the recovery of an ion, previously complexed in a small volume. This ability to separate and preconcentrate, highly sought after in the environmental field, has been demonstrated for many contaminants of interest in various biological and environmental matrices. However, the CPE has several disadvantages since it is rarely possible to extract efficiently in highly acidic matrices, thus limiting its application to environmental samples that are prepared or preserved in acidic solutions. In addition, the majority of extraction systems use binding agent with poor selectivity limiting their application to solutions with high dissolved solids. As part of this project, various binding agent were studied, H2DEH[MDP] and a derivative of DGA for their ability to bind to contaminants of interest. The first system, developed, effective under acidic conditions, was used to determine the levels of uranium and subsequently in very acidic media to plutonium samples in natural environment. Furthermore, the selectivity of the proposed system has been studied and exhibited excellent separation with respect to the rest of the constituents of the matrix. In addition, studies have been undertaken to separate actinides extracted by CPE in biological and environmental samples by conventional separation techniques. Furthermore, the selectivity of two derivatives was investigated DGA, which has developed a system for the analysis of the lanthanides and their isotopic composition in environmental matrices.
CABOCHE, VAN NEDERVELDE CATHERINE. "Mise au point sur le trouble : hyperactivite avec deficit de l'attention." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M006.
Full textHeraud, Alain Michel. "Etude du mécanisme d'action d'un additif de point de trouble d'un gazole." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10574.
Full textLeblanc, Alexa. "Préconcentration de l'uranium et du plutonium dans les poissons par extraction au point trouble." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33939.
Full textThe methodological development of a simplified approach to extract and quantify uranium and plutonium from fish samples by ICP-MS is the main goal of this master’s work. To do this, the cloud point extraction method (CPE) is used. This method allows the actinides to be separated from the matrix and preconcentrated in a small volume of surfactant. The use of a selective ligand makes it possible to form a complex with uranium and plutonium and then to transfer it inside the micelles. The ligand P, P-di (2-ethylhexyl) of methanediphosphonic acid (H2DEH[MDP]) is used because it has a high extraction potential for actinides. Since uranium and plutonium have a long-half-life, analyzes can be performed by ICP-MS, to know the isotopic ratios of the latter. However, prior to cloud point extraction and analysis, fish samples are processed to remove water and organic matter that can interfere with micelle formation. The various stages required for dissolution, their compatibility with the CPE approach and ICP-MS measurement will be presented for the analysis of large quantities (˃ 500 g) of fresh fishes
Dassonville, Raynald. "Mécanismes d'action d'additifs de point de trouble sur la cristallisation des paraffines dans l'heptane." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30003.
Full textBenkhedja, Houaria. "Extraction au point de trouble de substances organiques et électrolytes à l'aide de mélangeurs-décanteurs." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14245/1/BENKHEDJA.pdf.
Full textLoquette, Sabrina. "Régulation émotionnelle et tempérament chez l'enfant typique ou porteur d'un trouble du spectre autistique : mise au point d'outils d'évaluation." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR123.
Full textAt the heart of this thesis is the study of the expression of Emotion Regulation (ER) and temperament during middle childhood. Unfortunately, few satisfactory scales are available in French. Thus, a first questionnaire has been developed for assessing skills of ER and a second scale has been translated to provide a characterization of temperament in children. Parental reports indicate decreased use of interpersonal ER, which suggests that with age, children learn to regulate their emotions, and to use intrapersonal strategies in order to cope with positive as well as negative emotions. On the contrary, expression of temperament appears to be stable during middle childhood, and these results are in agreement with literature. Finally, in a pilot research, we have compared the expression of ER and temperament of 8 boys with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) matched on chronological age with 8 boys with typical development. According to parental reports, children with ASD use less interpersonal ER and present more difficulties to regulate intense emotions (A-RE) in comparison to typical children. Intragroup analysis revealed two patterns of ER in children with ASD. These patterns differ precisely in regards to the intrapersonal ER and A-ER. Association between profiles of ER and different profiles of temperament highlight that temperamental dimension of effortful control is linked to the level of A-ER. As until now the emotional difficulties frequently encountered/reported in children with ASD have never been mentioned in terms of temperament, the results of this thesis present new innovative theoretical and practical perspectives
Luquiens, Amandine. "Qualité de vie dans le trouble d'usage d'alcool : une mesure de l'effet thérapeutique du point de vue des patients." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB118/document.
Full textContext : The evolution of practices in alcohol use disorder field, following the model of patient-centered care, lets revisit the concept of remission for a better consideration of the patient's point of view, participating predominantly in the definition of therapeutic objectives and in their assessment. Yet few of these subjective criteria of the evaluation of patient outcomes have actually included the patient in their development. Until recently, quality of life instruments the most used among patients with alcohol use disorder were generic ones, and their development and particularly generation of items did not involve patients, but rather experts and were based on existing literature. Methods : we conducted a systematic literature review identifying randomized clinical trials testing an intervention in alcohol-dependent patients, and measuring its effectiveness on quality of life. We have listed the dimensions explored in the existing instruments. It has been shown that these instruments did not optimally explore the impact of alcohol dependence on quality of life in this population. On this, we have developed a scale specific for patients with alcohol use disorder, following the recommendations of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the development of "Patient-Reported Outcomes", namely involving patients extensively. We used the method of focus groups conducted in parallel in France and Great Britain with 38 patients with alcohol use disorder. These groups allowed the generation of a pool of items, secondarily tested by individual cognitive interviews with 31 patients, resulting in the final scale "Alcohol Quality of Life Scale" (AQoLS). We then validated the AQoLS scale on a sample of 285 French patients with alcoho use disorder, recruited from randomly selected centers in France. Results: The scale has 34 items developed, distributed in seven dimensions: social relationships, activities, living conditions, looking after self, negative emotions, sleep and loss of control. The validation study confirmed six of the seven dimensions, with a slightly different distribution of the items. The "looking after self" dimension disappeared in favor of a new dimension of self-esteem. Control and self-esteem dimensions are innovative in a health-related quality of life instrument in adults. The scale showed good psychometric properties, with good internal consistency (Cronbach = 0.96), and a moderate correlation with sub-scores of the SF-36 and EQ-5D. A qualitative complementary work could illustrate the links between the different affected areas, including the proximity in patients’ perception between self-esteem, loss of control and cognitive impairment. Conclusion : The move towards a model of patient-centered care allows considering a different approach of remission and to build and validate a measure of health-related quality of life close to the concerns of patients with a alcohol use disorder, AQoLS scale. Two innovative dimensions were attached to this concept: loss of control from the patient's perspective, and self-esteem
Michaux, Florentin. "Contribution des tensioactifs fluorés à la synthèse de matériaux mésoporeux : Application à la conception d'un bioréacteur." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10088/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of the properties of several non-ionic fluorinated and hydrogenated surfactant based systems which are related to the synthesis of mesoporous silicate materials. One of the aims is to predict the structural and textural properties of the final material for a given application. Thus, we have proved that the cloud point curve, which is characteristic of non-ionic surfactant based systems, must be present at high temperature to obtain well-ordered materials. However, this condition is not the only one but also the ratio between the molar volumes of the hydrophilic part (VA) and the hydrophobic part (VB) of the surfactant should be taken into account. Thus, the study of several mixed systems has allowed to precise the values of VA/VB which correspond to hexagonal materials. A structural study of the fluorinated micelles have been also performed by scattering methods (neutrons and X-ray). We have shown that the presence of spherical micelles promotes the formation of ordered hexagonal materials. Moreover, the in situ observation of the hybrid mesophase formation has shed light on the cooperative templating mechanism which leads to mesostructured silica materials. The effect of the synthesis parameters onto the properties of the materials has also been studied, particularly using the factorial design method. The high hydrothermal stability of the materials prepared from fluorinated surfactant based systems has been demonstrated. Finally, the mesoporous materials prepared from fluorinated micelles have been used as a support for the immobilization of an enzyme. Furthermore, we have shown that a lipase, physically adsorbed onto these materials, can be used to catalyse an esterification reaction. This result offers an outlook for applying these mesoporous materials to bio-diesel synthesis
Frève, Laverdière Philippe. "Pratiques d'intervention postcarcérales et intégration sociale des contrevenants adultes ayant un trouble mental : point de vue des intervenants communautaires du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28907/28907.pdf.
Full textGonthier, Marylie. "Effets de l'assistance animale sur les enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme : point de vue des familles concernant la participation sociale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67545.
Full textFor children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), life is complex. They have special needs that sometimes require assistance from their parents. Meeting these needs can be overwhelming for parents and pose certain challenges. However, there are benefits to animal assistance that make everyday life easier for children and their family. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study is to answer the two following questions: (1) According to the parents of a child with ASD, how does having a service dog affect their child’s social skills and social participation? (2) According to the parents of a child with ASD, how does having a service dog affect their family members’ social participation? The Human Development Model—Disability Creation Process (HDM DCP 2) was used as an analytical framework. Six participants expressed their opinion through semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis of these opinions was then completed. The parents’ comments suggest that having a service animal can be both an obstacle and an aid when it comes to their children’s and family’s lifestyle habits. The study shows that having a service animal helps children with communication, movements, hygiene, nutrition, health, school, hobbies, accountability, and interpersonal relationships, when it interacts with their personal factors. However, it can also represent an obstacle when it comes to children’s personal hygiene, health, school, hobbies and interpersonal relationships. Families see particularly strong positive and negative effects of having a service dog on hobbies, interpersonal relationships and work. However, further research is required in order to fully understand the impacts of getting such assistance on a larger sample.
Da, Costa Soares Jean-Jérôme. "Compréhension moléculaire et prédiction des propriétés physicochimiques dans les produits pétroliers." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1310/document.
Full textThe rapid decline in light crude oils requires to convert heavy petroleum fractions into more valuable products (naphtha, diesel, lubricants, etc.). In this context, hydrocracking process (HCK) consists on upgrading vaccum gas oil (VGO) into high quality products. The quality of petroleum products is based on some chemical and physical properties that should fulfill prerequisite specifications. The hydrocracking process optimization requires to set up time consuming and costly experiments for developing catalysts and setting operating conditions. High throughput experimentation (HTE) units are then increasingly used at IFPEN. However, these units do not enable to obtain end products. Otherwise, predictive models were developed in order to understand and predict the impact of operating conditions about products quality. However, some complex properties are very difficult to model and require a better understanding. This work is mainly concerned with the understanding of diesel cloud point (CP) and viscosity index (VI) of base oils. Two analytical techniques were used: the two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) that enables to identify hydrocarbons compounds in petroleum products and the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy which provides structural characteristics of these compounds. A sparse multivariate regression (sparse Partial Least Squares) was performed using chromatographic and spectroscopic data. The sparse PLS is derived from classical PLS. It allows to reduce the number of factors by performing a variable selection. The selected factors are the most correlated to the property to model. Globally, this approach enabled to better understand how hydrocarbon compounds (nparaffins, isoparaffins, aromatics,…) and their molecular characteristics (carbon number, degree of branching,…) affect the diesel CP and the VI of base oil. Furthermore, the good performances of developed sparse PLS models show that it is possible to access to the products quality when using HTE units. Kriging models were also developed. Kriging is an interpolation method that predicts the value of a function at a given point by computing a weighted average of the known values of the function in the neighborhood of the point. Kriging models have local aspect which is well adapted to complex data. Its probabilistic approach enables to provide an estimate of predicted value uncertainty. Results show that kriging improves predictive performances for both diesel CP and VI of base oil. This approach is quite innovative in modelling of petroleum products properties. When using HTE units, it allows to estimate the VI of base oil more easily than from chromatographic or spectroscopic data which are not available for the refiners
Devos, Olivier. "Analyse multivariable des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques par fluorescence synchrone en milieu micellaire." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS026.
Full textStoychev, Ivan. "Étude de la dispersion de particules d’oxyde de cérium en milieu CO2 dense en présence de copolymères amphiphiles siloxanés : Application à la décontamination en milieu nucléaire." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20215.
Full textIn the frame of sustainable development, compressed CO2 has gained considerable attention for the decontamination of technological wastes generated by the nuclear industry because of the low generation of secondary liquid radioactive effluents. The objective of this work is to remove the radioactive contaminant in water free environment via the coupling of mechanical (stirring) and physicochemical (surfactants) forces. In a first step, the solubility of commercially available siloxylated block (PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO) and graft (PDMS-g-PEO) copolymers in CO2 has been studied by experimental measurements (cloud point) and thermodynamic modelling (Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory). Then, the effect of hydrodynamic and physicochemical contributions due respectively to the stirring (mechanical or by ultrasound) and to the surfactant on the behaviour of metal oxide nano-particles (CeO2) in CO2 has been studied in details. An original experimental setup has been proposed to study the evolution of the suspension turbidity in compressed CO2. In the case of mechanical stirring, the particle size of the agglomerate was estimated equal to 0. 6 µm and the kernel breakage was quantified on the basis of the dissipated stirring energy from classical hydrodynamical approaches. In the case of ultrasound stirring, an almost complete agglomerate destruction was observed which gave the possibility to study the effect of the surfactant on the re-agglomeration kinetics of the particles. In practice, solid suspensions have been sterically stabilised for several tens of hours. Finally, the decontamination of model matrixes was studied. Extraction efficiencies higher than 95 % have been observed
Kouakou, Cédric. "Etude approfondie de la cristallisation des carburants et des combustibles, impact des nouvelles bases." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3017/document.
Full textThe concerns about greenhouse effect have encouraged the use of biodiesels to replace petroleum-derived diesel fuel. Indeed, the European Union has issued a Directive 2003/30/EC, which mandates the use of biofuels in a percentage ranging from 5.75% in 2010 to 20.00% in 2020 (calculated on the basis of energy content) for all transportation fuels marketed within the member states. First-generation biodiesels made from vegetable oils or animals fats are blended with petroleum diesel to fuel the engines. Besides, the refining schemes were modified to produce more heavy petroleum cuts in order to satisfy the growing demand of diesel fuel. However, the resulting diesel are more exposed to operability problems as the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and the heavy normal paraffins may solidified in the tank and filters when the temperature drops down during the winter seasons. Thus the study of the solid-liquid phase equilibria of these blends may be useful to predict the temperature of apparition of the solidified material, known as the cloud point. In this work, we collected the melting data of the pure biodiesel components (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) and we studied the phase change temperature of real diesel samples (petroleum diesel and biodiesel blends). Then, we have developed a thermodynamic model in order to compute the solid-liquid phase equilibria of all these kind of fluids involved in the diesel fuel formulation. Comparisons were made with the experimental phase change measurements and with the cloud point normalized measurement methods (ASTM D5771 et D7689). Finally, we have correlate the phase change temperature calculated by the thermodynamic model with the normalized cloud point, so as this important data could be obtain by a predictive tool
Aubineau, Morgane. "Vécu de l’inclusion scolaire au secondaire des élèves ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme : regards croisés des adolescents et de leurs parents, en France et au Québec." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20104/document.
Full textBackground. In the last years, an increasing number of students diagnosed with high functioning autistic spectrum disorders (HFASD) was able to attend mainstream high schools in both France and Quebec. Despite international studies and governmental recommendations to involve directly youth with HFASD in research, their own perspective is rarely taken into account in francophone research settings. Yet, their singular perception of the world and their difficulties with social understanding can be obstacles for their academic and social fulfillment, especially during adolescence. Objective. Grounded in an ecological approach where participants are acknowledged as experts and knowledge co producers, our work aims at understanding how they cope with mainstream education in high schools. Methods. 26 teenagers with HFASD (13-17) and their parents collaborated in this research, in France (n=17) and in Quebec (n=9). Both youth and parents took part in semi-structured in-depth interviews and completed questionnaires (Adolescents: Friendship Qualities Scale (FQS) and Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA); Parents: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and personal information sheet). Results. Questionnaire analysis. Cluster analysis identified three adolescent profiles for friendship representations, mainly distinguished regarding two dimensions: companionship and help/aid from the friend. Three dimensions (social acceptance, close friends and physical appearance) differentiate self-perception into a 4-group typology (SPPA). Moreover, the presence of a teaching assistant in class and the social skills training support (individual or group sessions) are correlated positive with self and friendship representations. Despite moderate to high scores of impact and parental burden (SDQ), results indicate that satisfying parental representations are positively correlated with adolescent’ prosocial behaviors, full-time job for mothers and diagnosis of ASD in parents. Thematic analysis of teenagers’ interviews. Managing school sensory aspects, perceived immature behaviors from their peers and tiredness resulting from to important workload are identified as the main obstacles for their wellbeing in high school. On the contrary, being included in an intensive or international academic program, being driven by a passion or a clear objective and having a friend in the school environment appear to be important enablers for inclusion success. Although strongly dependent of peers’ representations, the autistic identity is generally well lived and accepted, especially outside of high school. Prospects. Transition from adolescence to adult life will constitute one of the major challenges for youth with HFASD in the next few years and has to be anticipated as soon as possible. This preparation would allow the adolescents to gain autonomy and practical skills to understand their needs and strengths and be able to speak for themselves in a professional environment. Finally, our work highlights the urge for moving from a deficit-led approach to a neurodiversity paradigm, promoting empowerment of individuals and considering ASD as a valuable contribution to human diversity
Wang, Mingxi. "Synthèse RAFT-MADIX de copolymères à gradient amphiphiles à base de pivalate de vinyle et leurs propriétés dans le CO2 supercritique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30276.
Full textIn the field of polymer science, the identification of CO2-philic (co)polymers and rationalization of their solubility properties in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have represented challenges over the past twenty years. In the present work, we propose an easy to implement and use methodology to measure cloud point pressures in scCO2 without the need for a specific setup. Based on the analysis of images issued from the video recording of solution changes occurring while the pressure is changed, this alternative analytical method demonstrates higher repeatability, higher accuracy than direct visual determination and enables in the case of complex architectures like block copolymers to infer additional information from cloud point measurements. The thesis then encompasses the synthesis and the resulted phase behavior and interfacial properties of amphiphilic gradient copolymers at the water/CO2 interface by comparing with block copolymer counterparts. Thanks to the determination of reactivity ratios and simulation of the composition profile of copolymer chains, a series of well-controlled vinyl pivalate (VPi)-based spontaneous gradient copolymers were synthesized by RAFT/MADIX polymerization in a 'one-pot' process. These copolymers were varied using N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and acrylic acid (AA) as hydrophilic segments, and using monofunctional xanthate (Xa) and difunctional xanthate (DiXa) as chain transfer agents. The corresponding block copolymers were also prepared for comparison by RAFT/MADIX in two steps. Building on the newly-proposed methodology of cloud point measurement, the solubility of all those copolymers could be mapped in function of their composition, microstructure and architecture
Atanase, Léonard-Ionut. "Contribution à l'étude des complexes Poly (vinyle alcool - vinyle acétate) / tensioactifs anioniques : caractéristiques colloïdales des nanogels et extension aux copolymères à blocs." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562063.
Full textLegros, Camille. "Engineering of poly (2-oxazoline)s for potential use in biomedical applications." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0174/document.
Full textThis PhD work is based on the design of poly(2-oxazoline) (POx)hydrogels and nanogels, by chemical or physical cross-linking, aimed to be used for biomedical applications. Nanogels were first prepared in dilute media and in inverse emulsion based on a statistical copolymer made of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and ethyleneimine units. These stimuli-responsive nanogels were swelling in acidic media and were cleaved in reductive environment. They proved to be non-cytotoxic and act as protein repellent. Second, a reactive platform based on a statistical POx polymerbearing aldehyde functionalities was engineered, enabling the synthesis of graft and cross-linked POx. Last, a block copolymer made of 2-methyl- and 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline units, proved to self-assemble into micelles when heated above its LCST,for a short period of time (< 1h30). When annealed for a longer time (> 1h30),crystallization-driven self-assembly led to the formation of different morphologies(fiber rods and cross-linked micelles)
Atanase, Léonard-ionut. "Contribution à l'étude des complexes Poly (vinyle alcool - vinyle acétate) / tensioactifs anioniques : caractéristiques colloïdales des nanogels et extension aux copolymères à blocs." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MULH3728.
Full textPoly (vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) copolymers, designated by PVA, are macromolecular surfactants obtained by partial hydrolysis of poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc). If the surfactant properties of PVA have been correlated with molecular characteristics it is not the same for the colloidal aggregates in aqueous solutions so-called nanogels. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the nanogels using techniques such as dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and viscometry.9 PVA with degrees of hydrolysis between 73 and 88 mole% and polymerization degrees of 650 to 2500 were studied. It appeared that the nanogels, formed by hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions between acetate sequences, are the size in the range of 20 to 40 nm with volume fractions between 20 and 30%. The disaggregation of nanogels by complex formation with anionic surfactants such as SDS and SDBS was further demonstrated. By using the "cloud point" fractionation technique it appeared that SDS is complexed by the sequences with high acetate content and in particular those with significant lengths of acetate sequences.As a model system diblock copolymers PVAc-b-PVOH containing a PVAc hydrophobie sequence and a PVOH hydrophilic sequence were prepared by RAFT polymerization, followed by a click reaction. A preliminary micellization study of these copolymers showed a very strong analogy between PVAc-b-PVOH block copolymer micelles and PVA nanogels discussed above
Darnaudery, Jeanne. "Equithérapie dans les troubles mentaux : essai de mise au point sur sa pratique en France." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M018.
Full textAlibrahim, Moussa. "Systèmes à base de tensio-actifs non ioniques : Influence de co-tensio-actifs ioniques et structure des phases mésomorphes." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10061.
Full textBourdu, Sophie. "Mise au point d'un modèle d'hypersensibilité colique induite par le butyrate chez le rat : approches physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF1MM05.
Full textLAUTH, BERTRAND. "Les etats limites : tentative de mise au point et application aux troubles evolutifs de l'enfance et de l'adolescence." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M231.
Full textFournier, Carine. "Points de vue d'élèves en troubles du comportement sur les mesures d'apaisement de deux écoles spécialisées." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7389/1/030768885.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Marie. "Étude des points de vue des adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme à l'égard de leur participation sociale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28238.
Full textThis qualitative study focuses on the social participation of young adults living with high functioning autism or with Asperger syndrome. Today, many adults with autism receive services to support their social integration. On the other hand, experts highlight the existence of mismatches between their needs and the services received, which can hinder the exercise of their full social participation. In this regard, 11 young adults aged to 19 to 32 were asked about what facilitates and hinders their social participation. The 11 semi-structured interviews took place. Then, they were transcribed, and a mixed content analysis was conducted using the NVivo 11 software. The theoretical framework Human Development Model - Disability Creation Process (HDM-DCP 2) guided the data analysis. The results highlight people's views on the obstacles and facilitators encountered in achieving their social participation goals. Interpersonal relationships, education, and work emerge as important elements for respondents' social participation. They seem to encounter some facilitators, but also several obstacles that undermine the achievement of their social participation, which is entirely satisfactory according to their opinion. In addition, participants spoke about the services received, as factors that can harm or facilitate the exercise of their social participation. Perspectives for the development of services and research in the field of autism are also discussed to better support the achievement of social participation of adults with high functioning autism or with Asperger syndrome. Keywords : qualitative research, social participation, autism spectrum disorder, Asperger syndrome, high functioning autism, transition to adulthood, relationships, education, work.
Dupont, Didier. "Le système plasmine-plasminogène dans la protéolyse du lait : Mise au point d'un dosage différentiel des deux composants à l'aide de sondes antigèniques monoclonales." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2016.
Full textBergeron, Aimée. "Les motifs de l'abandon du suivi psychosocial chez la clientèle ayant des troubles mentaux majeurs : le point de vue de clients et d'intervenants." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20883.
Full textBergeron, Aimée. "Les motifs de l'abandon du suivi psychosocial chez la clientèle ayant des troubles mentaux majeurs : le point de vue des clients et des intervenants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26254/26254.pdf.
Full textDallaire, Louis-François. "Concomitance de violence conjugale et de troubles mentaux : Les points de vue des professionnels intervenant auprès de conjoints aux comportements violents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28697/28697.pdf.
Full textDahl, Kathy. "Analyse des obstacles et des facilitateurs concernant la participation au travail de personnes présentant un trouble de la personnalité limite : points de vue de différents acteurs clés." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8913.
Full textAbstract : Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects around 1% of the population and 20% of psychiatric service users (Gunderson & Links, 2008). Recent studies show that work participation is the most impaired occupational domain and should be prioritized in rehabilitation (Gunderson et al., 2011; Larivière et al., 2010; Zanarini et al., 2012). However, to our knowledge, no study has examined in depth the specific issues regarding work participation for people with BPD. Objective: The overall purpose of this study was to identify and describe barriers and facilitators as well as possible solutions for enabling work participation of individuals with a borderline personality disorder (BPD) from their perspective and the perspective of their service providers. Methods: Using a qualitative multiple case study design (Yin, 2009), three contexts of work participation were considered: 1) work (re) integration, 2) return to work (after a sick leave), and 3) job tenure. Within each context, three dyads including an individual with BPD (aged 18 to 55) and their service provider supporting work participation were met for individual interviews. Results: Qualitative results (n = 18) showed that individual factors (e.g., reaction towards pressure and relationships at work, regulation of emotions) and factors related to stakeholders and procedures from insurance, organizational and health systems (e.g., poor collaboration and communication between stakeholders, working alliance between individuals with BPD and stakeholders, work accommodations and natural support in the workplace) influenced work participation of individuals with BPD. Conclusions and implication for practice: This study highlights that work participation presents specific challenges for individuals with BPD, including several personal and environmental factors to be considered by all stakeholders (service users, health care professionals, insurers and employers). Current work rehabilitation programs need to be improved to address more optimally the work participation issues of individuals with BPD and be well coordinated with current specialized psychotherapies.
Lavigne, Rosalie, and Rosalie Lavigne. "Développement de la capacité à offrir le programme Triple P : point de vue du personnel d'encadrement." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33957.
Full textCette étude vise à déterminer si la capacité de deux consortiums de partenaires à offrir un programme à données probantes (PDP) se développe au cours du processus d’implantation à l’aide d’un devis prétest-posttest sans groupe de comparaison. Elle vise également à tracer un portait de la capacité des consortiums. Le programme en question est Triple P – Positive Parenting Program. Vingt membres du personnel d’encadrement impliqués dans l’offre de Triple P ont rempli un questionnaire avant l’implantation et deux ans plus tard. Ce questionnaire mesure leurs perceptions quant à diverses variables reflétant plusieurs dimensions de la capacité : les aspects organisationnels susceptibles de faciliter ou de nuire à l’implantation pour les participants, le degré de préparation des organisations à implanter Triple P, le fonctionnement du partenariat mobilisé autour de Triple P et les impacts du partenariat au niveau individuel, organisationnel et communautaire. Des analyses de variances multivariées (MANOVAs) à meures répétées ont été effectuées afin de comparer les deux temps de mesure et faire ressortir les forces et les faiblesses des consortiums. Les résultats n’indiquent pas de changement statistiquement significatif entre les deux temps de mesure. Toutefois, on remarque, pour certaines variables, des tailles d’effet de moyenne et grande amplitude, dans le sens d’un développement de la capacité. Ainsi, il est probable que le processus pour offrir Triple P ait eu un impact sur la capacité des milieux, mais le petit échantillon ferait en sorte que la puissance statistique est insuffisante pour le détecter. Un portrait de la capacité au posttest est tracé et des recommandations sur les dimensions à perfectionner sont fournies. Entre-autre, plus d’efforts sont nécessaires pour obtenir suffisamment de ressources, avoir un partenariat synergique ainsi que pour que la communication, les formations et l’environnement organisationnel soient adaptés pour offrir le programme.
MICHOT, POUSSIMOUR MARIE-ODILE. "Traitement du pyoderma gangrenosum : mise au point a partir d'un cas associe a des troubles des fonctions des polynucleaires neutrophiles, a une hyperimmunoglobulinemie e et traite par clofazimine." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20465.
Full textDebellemanière, Eden. "Optimiser le sommeil lent profond par des méthodes innovantes et non-invasives : mise au point technique, applicabilité et conséquences chez le sujet sain en restriction chronique de sommeil." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2369&f=17185.
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Poittevin, Monique. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de dosage des acides aminés dans les liquides biologiques par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : application en routine au diagnostic et au suivi des patients atteints d'aminoacidopathies." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10215.
Full textJudé, Sebastien. "Etude des effets des acides gras poly-insaturés n-3 sur les membranes des cellules cardiaques et mise au point d'un modèle d'arythmies spontanées chroniques induites par multiples embolisations des coronaires chez le chien." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3310.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis work was to understand the anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 PUFA. Our study showed that: i) the peroxidation products of DHA, rather than DHA itself, were responsible for the acute effects observed on potassium channels in rat isolated ventricular cardiac cells. Ii) a diet enriched with fish oil induced a modification of the fatty acid composition of cardiac membrane phospholipids in dog. Such changes in the fatty acids composition, especially in the PI fraction, could lead to a differential activation of PKC isoforms. Iii) reproducible spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias were not obtained in the experimental model of arrhythmias induced by multiple by multiple coronary embolisations in dog. Consequently, the anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 PUFA could not be tested on this experimental model
Giannarelli, Sylvie. "Validation de modèles cellulaires issus du tractus digestif : la lignée IEC-6 pour l'étude de l'adaptation aux AINS et à l'éthanol au cours des passages successifs : mise au point d'un modèle de cellules musculaires lisses isolées." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30015.
Full textBouchard, Julie. "Les facteurs psychosociaux qui interviennent dans la survenue de passage à l'acte violent chez les personnes présentant des troubles concomitants de santé mentale grave de toxicomanie : point de vue des personnes présentant ces problématiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19798.
Full textMika, Vincent. "Irrelevant process : Machines à dessiner et images trouvées." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080069/document.
Full textThe “irrelevant process”, briefly described by George Brecht in Chance-Imagery (1957), is a method forcreating “chance-images”, close to the idea of ”non-intentionality”. Our thesis analyses this description andstudies its issues for the creation of paintings and drawings, through the ideas of « drawing machine » and« found image ». The study of some artistic practices which illustrate this typology brings us to think thatthe irrelevant process involves the adoption of an intentional and aesthetic point of view on processes andtraces which are irrelevant with the creation of images
Wateau, Océane. "Mise au point et caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un modèle d'ischémie-reperfusion cérébrale chez le Macaque cynomolgus A non-human primate model of stroke reproducing endovascular thrombectomy and allowing long-term imaging and neurological read-outs." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC401.
Full textStroke is a devastating disease and is one of the first causes worldwide of acquired disability. Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy is dramatically changing the management of acute ischemic stroke, allowing a quick reperfusion of hypoperfused tissues and reducing the size of the final infarct. Although reperfusion is undoubtedly beneficial, it can also cause irreversible tissue damage. Therefore, the development of so-called neuroprotective strategies is essential to counteract these deleterious events. In this context, relevant experimental models are required for testing new therapies and addressing important questions about infarct progression despite successful recanalization, reversibility of ischemic lesions, blood-brain barrier disruption, reperfusion damage all with the goal of improving functional recovery post-infarction. During my thesis, we developed a minimally invasive non-human primate model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (Macaca fascicularis) based on an endovascular approach allowing transient occlusion and recanalization of the middle cerebral artery and its reperfusion. The first part of my work was devoted to the development of the occlusion method and the neurofunctional monitoring of animals thanks to the use of three tools that I developed: a neurological evaluation scale, a hand dexterity task and a delayed response task. In the second part of my work, I validated and characterized the newly developed model. We have thus succeeded in evaluating the brain damages per- and post-occlusion by innovative imaging methods (multiparametric PET-MRI) as well as assessing the long-term neurological deficits of the animals. This new model, similar to the clinical reality, is an essential and innovative tool for the search for therapeutic targets to improve the effectiveness of treatments in the new era of mechanical thrombectomy
Jezequel, Julie. "Impact of psychotomimetic molecules on glutamatergic N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors surface trafficking." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0232/document.
Full textGlutamatergic N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a key role in many physiological processes, and their implication in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders is now well established. Multiple lines of evidence converge towards a dysregulation of the NMDAR in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the molecular and cellular deficits underlying NMDAR dysfunction remain misunderstood. By tightly controlling NMDAR synaptic localization, surface trafficking represents a powerful regulator of synaptic transmission. Could an alteration of NMDAR surface trafficking underlie NMDAR dysfunction and contribute to the emergence of psychotic disorders? To tackle this question, my PhD project aimed at investigating the impact of different psychotomimetic molecules on NMDAR surface trafficking. In the first part of my project, I explored the impact of NMDAR autoantibodies (NMDAR-Ab) from SCZ and healthy subjects. My results revealed that NMDAR-Ab from SCZ patients rapidly disturb NMDAR synaptic trafficking and distribution, through a loss of NMDAR-EphrinB2 receptor interaction, eventually preventing the induction of synaptic plasticity. In the second part of my PhD project, I showed that psychotomimetic NMDAR antagonists also alter NMDAR synaptic mobility and localization. Downregulation of PSD proteins expression prevented NMDAR antagonists-induced deficits, suggesting that such alterations ensue from modifications of NMDAR intracellular interactions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that psychotomimetic molecules profoundly impact NMDAR surface trafficking, supporting a pathogenic role of this unsuspected process in the emergence of psychotic symptoms
Poullot, Perrine. "Trouble mentaux graves, toxicomanie et violence : étude qualitative du point de vue des personnes contrevenantes." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5058.
Full textThis thesis offers a first look at the subjective experience of violent behaviour manifested by individuals who present a severe mental disorder and a substance abuse disorder. The first chapter presents an adaptation of Goldstein’s psychopharmacological and economic-compulsive models (1985), based on a literature review. The second and third chapter present a qualitative analysis of a series of interviews conducted with mentally disordered offenders from a Canadian penitentiary who are incarcerated for violent crimes. These chapters explore the inmates’ perceptions of the influence of the substance abuse on the various aspects of their lives and of its contribution in the realization of their crime. The results show that almost half of the subjects were of the opinion that their violent crime resulted from the direct influence of the substance abuse on their mental illness, on their behaviour or on their cognitions. The others attributed the responsibility of their violent crime to the gradual deterioration of their general psychosocial functioning (meaning their gradual inability to hold a job, to feed themselves, to maintain housing accommodations, as well as social, familial and love relationships) that results from the social and economical consequences of substance abuse. Based on these results, the second and third chapter discuss the applicability of the psychopharmacological and economiccompulsive models to this population. All three chapters are presented in the form of a scientific article.
Ling, Teng Feng, and 鄧鳳翎. "Trouble of pursuit and isolation of love in Arisima's Masterpieces----from Bible's point of view----." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26704123967100224735.
Full text輔仁大學
日本語文學系
90
The pursuit and isolation of love is the focal point of this thesis. And I chose four masterpieces to be the texts. According to the analysis of chapterⅠand chapter Ⅱ we can find that Arisima explained different trouble by different roles. In chapterⅠthe master of 《Lose my way》try to find relief of life , but he falls into trouble because of his wrong intention . The master of 《Trouble of Life》concentrate on art , but he also falls into trouble because he finds art is useless for relief. In chapter Ⅱ the master of 《Offspring of Cain》is a renegade of the Most High God. This masterpiece just like a declaration of his rebellion . And then Arisimas created the Masterpiece of 《kurara becomes a nun》by a master of wanting to dedicate herself to the Most High God . We can find that her thought is different from to the thought of the Holy Bible after comparing with the thought of the holy bible. In chapter Ⅲ the point is to display relationship between trouble and crime and compare with Arisimas’s thought .In this thesis I try to analysis the difference between thought of Arisima’s masterpieces and thought of the holy bible.
St-Hilaire, Isabelle. "Les difficultés d'intégration sociale des personnes atteintes d'un trouble de santé mentale sur le plan de l'habitat : le point de vue des personnes atteintes d'un trouble de santé mentale et des travailleurs sociaux dans la région de Lanaudière Sud." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3843/1/M11844.pdf.
Full textPicher, Marie-Josée. "Impact d'un programme de gestion de la frustration et de la colère adressé à des élèves présentant un trouble du comportement : point de vue des enfants et des parents." Thèse, 2015. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7791/1/031128562.pdf.
Full textDiab, Charbel. "Microcalorimetric study of the temperature-induced phase separation in aqueous solutions of thermosensitive polymers." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16742.
Full textTrudel, Kathy. "Point de vue des acteurs de la Cour du Québec sur l'Urgence psychosociale-Justice en tant qu'alternative à la judiciarisation." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7417.
Full textTremblay, Sophie. "Mise au point d'une méthode de recherche d'éléments de réponse aux glucocorticoïdes lors de l'analyse de gènes candidats pour les troubles affectifs bipolaires /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766667211&sid=22&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBergeron, Aimée. "Les motifs de l'abandon du suivi psychosocial chez la clientèle ayant des troubles mentaux majeurs : le point de vue de clients et d'intervenants /." 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26254/26254.pdf.
Full textMénard, Charlette. "Les représentations sociales des troubles du comportement d'élèves du secondaire fréquentant une classe d'accueil : points de vue d'enseignants, de la direction, de parents et d'élèves." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/719/1/M10148.pdf.
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