Relevant bibliographies by topics / Point of sale (POS)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Point of sale (POS)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Point of sale (POS)"

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Pattamatta, Pritham, and Shaunak S. Dabadghao. "Models for Point-of-Sale (POS) Market Entry." FinTech 1, no. 4 (October 12, 2022): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fintech1040024.

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Point of Sale (PoS) or Buy-Now-Pay-Later (BNPL) type financing has observed a strong rise in the last decade, and accounts for about 10% of the unsecured lending market in the USA. This market is largely covered by FinTechs, and traditional financial institutions are beginning to demonstrate interest in entering this market. In this short communication, we identify why the POS market is attractive and what drives its growth, examine the market participants, and illustrate the various ways in which financial institutions can enter this market.
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Sukirno, Sukirno, and Heri Suhendar. "Pengembangan Sistem Point of Sale Menggunakan Framework Codeignetier Berbasis Web." Jurnal Algoritma 19, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33364/algoritma/v.19-2.1181.

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Sistem manajemen perniagaan Point of Sale (POS) merupakan program aplikasi yang dapat memfasilitasi semua proses niaga, namun sistem tersebut hanya dapat dipasangkan pada komputer berspesifikasi rendah dengan proses pemasangannya yang cukup rumit. Permasalahanya bagaimana cara untuk mengembangkan program aplikasi POS ke pemrograman web sehingga dapat diinstall pada semua produk sistem operasi mainstream. Sistem POS yang telah dikembangkan merupakan sistem manajemen yang dapat mengelola beberapa fungsi penting dalam manajemen perniagaan, seperti pengelolaan barang, distributor, transaksi pembelian, transaksi penjualan, retur pembelian, retur penjualan, penghasilan, administrasi operasional, hingga laporan – laporan. Sistem POS merupakan sistem manajemen perniagaan berbasis web dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan framework codeigniter 3, web server apache dan basis data MySQL. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan action research, dan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara. Sistem POS dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan waterfall dan dirancang dengan metode perancangan UML, serta diuji dengan teknik pengujian black box. Dengan melalui proses pengembangan maka program aplikasi POS berbasis desktop berhasil dikembangkan ke pemrograman web menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan framework Codeigniter 3 dan berhasil dikembangkan untuk dapat diinstall pada produk sistem operasi mainstream seperti windows, linux, dan macintosh.
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Hidayati, Irma, Sudarmiatin Sudarmiatin, and Agus Hermawan. "Analysis of Point of Sale System Implementation in Coffee Shop." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kewirausahaan 11, no. 3 (June 13, 2023): 932–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47668/pkwu.v11i3.881.

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The article discusses implementing a point of sale (POS) system in a coffee shop business through a case study method and SWOT analysis. The study shows that the performance of a POS system can significantly improve the efficiency and financial management of the company. The POS system can help inventory management, predict customer demand, and avoid excess or shortage of merchandise stock. It can also speed up the customer payment process, improve customer experience, and generate accurate sales reports. The article concludes that implementing a POS system can be an effective solution for coffee shop businesses to optimize their operations and increase profitability, despite facing challenges and obstacles such as high implementation costs and staff training. Therefore, coffee shop businesses should consider implementing a POS system and ensure that it can be integrated with the existing systems of the business.
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Gustiani, Puji Dwi, Rina Trisminingsih, and Lufty Abdillah. "Pembangunan Modul Dokumentasi Aplikasi Point Of Sale Odoo Berbasis Web Di PT Belant Persada." Jurnal Sains Terapan 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.8.1.72-87.

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ABSTRACT Odoo is an open source ERP application where there are various business programs such as Sales, Point of Sale, CRM, Human Resources, Finance and Accounting and others. One application module developed by Odoo is Point of Sale. Point of sale (POS) is a system that can help the transaction process in a business that is engaged in sales such as supermarkets, restaurants, clothing stores and so others. The use of the Odoo POS application among Indonesian people still sounds not familiar because of the lack of information related to the use of the Odoo POS application. Documentation from the Odoo POS application is available on the Odoo websiteHowever, the documentation does not yet have the function to download documentation files and has not been displayed visually in video format. From this, there is a need for documentation using the Odoo POS application that can download documentation files and display documentation visually in video format to distinguish between the original POS Odoo application documentation module and the Odoo POS application documentation module that the author made. For this reason, was built Application Documentation Module Point of Sale Odoo Based on Web at Pt Belant Persada. The Odoo POS application documentation module contains documentation about the use of the POS Odoo application for retail and restaurant fields and this documentation can be downloaded freely in PDF format and displays the documentation visually in video formatThe method used in the development of the Odoo POS application documentation module is the prototype method. This method has five stages is Communication, Quick Plan, Modeling Quick Design, Construction of Prototype, and Deployment, Delivery, & Feedback. ABSTRAK Odoo adalah aplikasi ERP bersifat open source yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai program bisnis seperti Sales, Point of Sale, CRM, Human Resource, Finance and Accounting dan lain sebagainya. Salah satu modul aplikasi yang dikembangkan oleh Odoo yaitu Point of Sale. Point of sale (POS) merupakan sebuah sistem yang dapat membantu proses transaksi pada suatu bisnis yang bergerak di bidang penjualan seperti toko swalayan, restoran, toko baju dan lain sebagainya. Penggunaan aplikasi POS Odoo di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia masih terdengar asing karena minimnya informasi terkait penggunaan aplikasi POS Odoo. Dokumentasi dari aplikasi POS Odoo sudah ada di website Odoo. Namun, dokumentasi tersebut belum mempunyai fungsi untuk mengunduh file dokumentasi dan belum ditampilkan secara visual dalam format video. Dari hal tersebut, perlu adanya suatu dokumentasi penggunaan aplikasi POS Odoo yang dapat mengunduh file dokumentasi dan menampilkan dokumentasi secara visual dalam format video untuk membedakan antara modul dokumentasi aplikasi POS Odoo yang asli dengan modul dokumentasi aplikasi POS Odoo yang penulis buat. Untuk itu, dibangunlah Modul Dokumentasi Aplikasi Point of Sale Odoo Berbasis Web di PT Belant Persada. Modul dokumentasi aplikasi POS Odoo berisi tentang dokumentasi penggunaan aplikasi POS Odoo untuk bidang retail dan restaurant serta dokumentasi ini dapat diunduh dalam format PDF secara bebas dan menampilkan dokumentasi secara visual dalam format video. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembangunan modul dokumentasi aplikasi POS Odoo adalah metode prototipe. Metode ini mempunyai lima tahapan yaitu Communication, Quick Plan, Modelling Quick Design, Construction of Prototype, dan Deployment, Delivery, & Feedback.
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Putra, Adi Pradana, Fatullah Andriyanto, Karisman Karisman, Tri Dewi Muji Harti, and Winda Puspita Sari. "PENGUJIAN APLIKASI POINT OF SALE MENGGUNAKAN BLACKBOX TESTING." Jurnal Bina Komputer 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/binakomputer.v2i1.757.

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Abstrak Abstrak Point of sale atau sering disingkat POS adalah suatu sistem dalam dunia bisnis yang menggunakan perangkat keras (peralatan) dan perangkat lunak (program). Sistem Point of Sale ini menyediakan fitur-fitur utama seperti menambahkan transaksi, melihat riwayat transaksi penjualan dan grafik kemajuan penjualan, memperkirakan atau memperkirakan pendapatan, hingga mengidentifikasi penjualan yang berisi daftar produk dan kombinasi produk terlaris. Pengujian aplikasi menggunakan pengujian kotak hitam dan berlanjut selama dua minggu setelah program selesai. Untuk menilai kesesuaian aplikasi dan kesesuaian dalam menjalankan database, aplikasi diimplementasikan secara langsung selama 1 minggu untuk melihat apakah masih ada masalah dengan aplikasi tersebut atau tidak. Selama implementasi, jika ada masalah program, mereka akan disempurnakan lagi dan akan terus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan Toko ABC Jaya. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembuatan sistem informasi Point of Sale (POS) dapat digunakan oleh pengguna. Hasil penerapan aplikasi Point of Sale adalah aplikasi web poin pesanan penjualan memudahkan pengelolaan barang, rekap transaksi bulanan atau tahunan. Abstrak Point of sale atau yang sering disingkat POS merupakan sistem dalam dunia bisnis yang menggunakan perangkat keras (perangkat) dan perangkat lunak (program). Sistem Point of Sale ini menyediakan fitur utama seperti menambahkan transaksi, melihat transaksi penjualan serta grafik perkembangan penjualan, memperkirakan atau memprediksi pendapatan, hingga meningkatkan penjualan yang berisikan daftar-daftar produk dan kombinasi produk terlaris. Pengujian aplikasi menggunakan pengujian kotak hitam dan terus dilakukan selama dua minggu setelah program dilaksanakan. Untuk menilai kelayakan aplikasi dan kesesuaian dalam basis data maka aplikasi diimplementasikan langsung selama 1 minggu untuk melihat apakah masih ada permaslahan pada aplikasi atau tidak. Selama program disetujui, disetujui oleh program, maka akan disempurnakan kembali dan akan terus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan di Toko Jaya ABC. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada pembuatan sistem informasi Point of Sale (POS) dinyatakan dapat digunakan oleh pengguna. Hasil dari penerapan aplikasi Point of Sale ini adalah titik aplikasi web pesanan penjualan memfasilitasi pengadaan barang, rekap transaksi bulanan maupun tahunan
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Hoffman, Mark S. "Integrated versus Modular Point of sale Terminal Design: A productivity analysis." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 9 (September 1986): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000914.

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Cost justification of selecting modular POS (Point Of Sale) terminals in many businesses is a challenge for many retailers. A research program was conducted in Europe to explore productivity and financial benefits of integrated and modular POS equipment for small supermarkets. Tests were conducted over an eighteen month period. The greatest improvement in front-end productivity was achieved with a modular POS scanning system. This equipment configuration increased the front-end workload capacity by 24%.
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Martono and Zulfi. "Perancangan Aplikasi Point of Sale (POS) pada Karya Maju Jaya." Jurnal PROCESSOR 17, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33998/processor.2022.17.2.1266.

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Karya maju jaya is one of the shops that engaged in the provision of services and goods in the form of workshops. Currently at karya maju Jaya, the process of managing transactions and financial reports still uses paper media as a means of storing data, causing many weaknesses in terms of security, effectiveness from the aspect of time, higher costs to the high possibility of errors in processing and processing information. Therefore, the author decided to conduct a research that the author gave the title point of sale (POS) application design on the work of karya maju jaya with the aim of answering all the problems above. The point of sale (POS) application in this study will be described using use case diagrams and class diagrams modeling. The final product of the research that the author did in this research is a point of sale (POS) application that allows application users to process product data, manage transaction data, manage reports, manage invoices, manage profiles, change passwords, login and logout.
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Raihan, Muhammad Rafi, and Deny Hidayahtullah. "Pengembangan Sistem Point Of Sale Berbasis User Centered Design." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 6, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v6i1.3412.

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UD Tebar Gembira is an UMKM engaged in the sale of herbal drinks. The obstacle faced by UD Tebar Gembira during its business activities is the absence of a POS (Point of Sale) system that functions as a tool in recording purchase transaction data and complete inventory of goods. The methodology applied in this research is the User Centered Design (UCD) method which is an applied method that aims to solve practical problems in the modern world. The result of this research is a web-based POS (Point of Sale) application. The implementation of the research has had many positive impacts where the owner of the Tebar Gembira trading business as a user feels it is easy to refill the stock of goods because they can directly monitor the amount of inventory that has been recorded in the system.
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He, Yanyun, Ce Shang, Jidong Huang, Kai-Wen Cheng, and Frank J. Chaloupka. "Global evidence on the effect of point-of-sale display bans on smoking prevalence." Tobacco Control 27, e2 (January 13, 2018): e98-e104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053996.

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BackgroundSince Iceland became the first country to impose a ban on point-of-sale (POS) tobacco product displays in 2001, 20 countries have implemented POS display bans as of 2016. This study examined the effect that POS display bans have on smoking prevalence.MethodsData were sourced from Euromonitor International and the WHO MPOWER package for 2007–2014 from 77 countries worldwide. generalised linear models with country and year fixed effects were estimated to analyse the effect of POS display bans on smoking prevalence.ResultsHaving a POS display ban reduced overall adult daily smoking, male smoking and female smoking by about 7%, 6% and 9%, respectively.ConclusionsHaving a POS display ban is likely to reduce smoking prevalence and generate public health benefits.
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Kambivi, Hanafi, Eko Junirianto, and Nisa Rizqiyah Fadhliyah. "Development of Inventory Management Application Points Of Sale Using Laravel." TEPIAN 1, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/tepian.v1i1.48.

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development of the business world encourages companies to always try to improve the quality of products and services to consumers. The implementation of these business solutions is a commitment in increasing the competitive advantage of corporate customers in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, performance, and business development. The purpose of this research is to conduct an analysis and design of a point of sale (POS) management application to support the purchasing service system and stock of goods that can help small and medium entrepreneurs in data management. The making of this POS application starts from collecting all the data needed using observation and interview methods, designing an application model with an object-based diagram approach with application design tools in the form of flowchart and Unified Modeling Language (UML) until the implementation of this POS application. With the application of the point of sales (POS) application can help the tasks of related parties or all stakeholders directly related to the POS application.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Point of sale (POS)"

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Lehndal, Anders. "Cloud Based Point-of-Sale." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128232.

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A point-of-sale (POS) system is a transaction system allowing retail transactions to be completed. The purpose of this degree project was to examine the potential benefits and risks of implementing a POS as a cloud-based application in comparison to a traditional on-site POS solution. The main focus of this project was put on identifying the benefits and possibilities of using a cloud solution but effort was also geared towards exploring the functionality of an existing web-based POS prototype as a cloud client. A further aspect of this project was to address some of the problems associated with the use of peripheral equipment while maintaining a thin client. This has been achieved by studying cloud computing theory in modern day literature, analysing and working with traditional POS solutions and doing hands-on testing with peripheral equipment. The project results supports the notion that a cloud based POS solution is not only feasible but may perhaps provide some benefits in comparison to a traditional POS solution. However, great care must be taken, both to avoid vendor lock-in and in designing a cloud based system to allow continued operation of client and eventu-al peripheral equipment in an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or Cloud Service Provider (CSP) outage situation.
Ett Point-of-sale (POS) system är ett system som möjliggör fullförande av transaktioner. Syftet med detta examensarbetet var att undersöka möjliga fördelar och risker med att implementera ett POS system som en molnbaserad applikation i jämförelse med en traditionell POS lösning. Huvudfokus lades på att identifiera de fördelar och möjligheter en molnlösning medför men arbete riktades även mot att utforska funktionaliteten hos en existerade webbaserad POS prototyp i rollen som molnklient för detta projekt. En ytterligare aspekt var att adressera några av de problem som associeras med användandet av tredjeparts periferiutrustning tillsammans med en tunn klient. Detta har gjorts genom att studera cloud computing i modern litteratur, analysera och arbeta med traditionella POS lösningar och genom praktisk testning av periferiutrustning. Projektets slutsatser stödjer iden att en molnbaserad POS inte bara är genomförbart utan kan under vissa förhållanden medföra vissa fördelar gentemot en traditionell POS. Men, viss eftertänksamhet är på sin plats vid övervägandet att bygga och använda ett molnbaserat system för att garantera fortsatt operation av klient och periferiutrustning vid förlorad kontakt med internetleverantör och/eller molntjänstleverantör.
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Yu, Yong-bong. "Codekartenmißbrauch am POS-Kassen-System : strafrechtliche Überlegungen zur Computerkriminalität /." Frankfurt am Main ;Berlin [u.a.] : Lang, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/271836199.pdf.

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Strohdeicher, Carsten. "Risiken des automatisierten Zahlungsverkehrs beim Einsatz von POS (ECS), Geldautomaten und BTX /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; New York ; Paris : Lang, 1991. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=002711734&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Buhr, Carl-Christian. "Verbundorientierte Warenkorbanalyse mit POS-Daten." Lohmar Köln Eul, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2779534&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Madugoda, Gunaratnege Senali. "Consumers’ payment preference at Point-of-Sale (POS) in Australia, China and Sri Lanka." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2438.

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Payment methods have been expanding rapidly in recent years. To develop effective strategies and to meet individuals’ payment satisfaction, financial institutions need to understand the factors that influence the payment preferences of individuals from different cultural backgrounds. This study aims to investigate the drivers of payment preference at the Point-of- Sale (POS) and the moderating effects of cultural dimensions. Drawing on the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory and contextual factors a conceptual framework was developed and tested using a two phases approach. In the qualitative phase, focus groups were conducted to explore the similarities and differences amongst Australians, Chinese, and Sri Lankans in terms of salient attitudes toward payment methods at the point-of-sale (POS). Two focus groups were conducted for Australia (n=12) and Sri Lanka (n=12), and individual interviews were carried out with 11 Chinese participants (total n=35). As a result, the initial framework (derived from the literature) was revised. In the quantitative phase, the developed framework for the study was tested. A questionnaire was developed using the key factors identified from the literature review and focus groups. An online survey was employed to collect data from Australia (n= 292), China (n= 358), and Sri Lanka (n= 309) using a convenience sampling technique. The partial least squares (PLS) technique was used to analyse 959 valid responses. The results showed that perceived relative advantage and social influence are positively associated, and perceived risks and perceived rewards are negatively associated, with payment preference. The effects of perceived compatibility and perceived situations on consumers’ payment preferences were non-significant. In terms of cultural dimensions, uncertainty avoidance positively moderated the negative relationship between perceived risks and payment preference. Furthermore, long-term orientation positively moderated the negative relationship between perceived rewards and payment preferences. The findings help banks and other financial institutions to design efficient payment methods and develop effective strategies to promote particular payment methods. In particular, the findings provide useful insights for financial companies in changing the way of offering rewards to their consumers by differentiating themselves from their competitors, thus enhancing the capacity to both acquire and retain consumers. These outcomes supported the conceptual framework developed based on DOI theory and contextual factors and extend the literature on payment preference. Furthermore, the drivers of consumers’ payment preference for different cultures suggests important implications for global marketers
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Landrock, Markus. "Biometrics at the POS the PIN of the future will be the human itself." München Verl. Dr. Hut, 2006. http://d-nb.info/987370820/04.

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Litmanowitsch, Wera. "Erfolgsfaktoren der POS-Prozesseffizienz am Beispiel Aldi im Vergleich zu Migros." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01652064001/$FILE/01652064001.pdf.

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Sadique, Kazi Masum. "Secure Mobile POS System : A point of sale application for secure financial transitions in a mobile business enviroment." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127459.

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The use of smart phones has changed the lifestyle of the society. Almost all kind of useful tools you can find on your smart phone. People used to buy goods every day. And for the purchase of goods they must pay. Security is very important while payment is concern. In this thesis we have designed and demonstrated a mobile phone application that can be used for a small shop or a big market. For any kind of commerce application, three different kind of entities are mostly involved: the customer, the sales person, and the management of the shop. Our designed mobile application has three different interfaces for three different kind of users: Manager Interface, Employee Interface, and Customer Interface. An interface for the system administrator is also designed, which should be used as an desktop application on the point of sale server. This application is flexible with capabilities of different payment options. Our proposed design can be implemented in any smart phone environment for example Android, iOS or Windows phone. This design provides availability, confidentiality, and integrity of payment data.
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Svata, Bohuslav. "Analýza využití aplikačního software v maloobchodě v prostředí Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114050.

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Theme of this thesis is utilization of ERP system MS Dynamics AX 2009 in retail environment. Its main goal is to create analysis that will evaluate suitability of MS Dynamics AX implementation in retail business. This goal is realized by achieving three steps. First step is introduction and analysis of retail business processes. This includes introduction of general process in theory followed by description of typical needs and requirements of retail enterprise. Second step is analysis of functionality offered by MS Dynamics AX and identification of its deficiencies in terms of usability in retail. Third step is creation of solution proposal for requirements that are not covered by MS Dynamics AX functionality. Contribution of this thesis is introduction of common needs and requirements of retail enterprise in chosen business segment. Also practical demonstration of how are key business processes supported by MS Dynamics AX. At last added value is also in creating a solution proposal, which will solve identified deficiencies by means of program customization. Structure of thesis is based on key business processes of retail and it's divided to theoretical and practical part. Chapters of each part are sorted into order of product life cycle, which is purchase, logistics and sales. Practical part also deals with product management.
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Pokorný, Jaroslav. "Reálný zisk a efektivita plynoucí z nových přístupů k POS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206197.

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On the Czech market is beginning to appear more and more software solutions of cash registers. A few years ago were Point of Sales (POS) systems rarely seen, especially in an restaurants. Nowadays, there is a proliferation of POS systems across the market. Not only in restaurants but also in convenience stores and stores providing services. Which POS system choose? In this work, I deal with the question: Whether we should purchase POS from a stable developers or give preference to young developers of POS solution. Respectively, what solution can increase efficiency and possibility of profit. The aim is to determine whether long-term development of older POS solutions is still effective and competitive with new solutions. The secondary objective may also be a recommendation of what product might be a good candidate for the position of cash register software in your business.
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Books on the topic "Point of sale (POS)"

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Brockmeier, Matthias. Das POS-System des deutschen Kreditgewerbes. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1991.

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1956-, Kondō Fumiyo, ed. Māketingu no kagaku: POS dēta no kaiseki. Tōkyō: Asakura Shoten, 2005.

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Petring, Ralf. Störungen bei POS-Zahlungen: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Risikoverteilung zwischen dem kartenausgebenden Kreditinstitut und seinem Kunden. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1990.

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Francis, Duffy, and Business Communications Co, eds. Automatic teller machines, POS terminals, debit cards, and home banking. Norwalk, Conn., U.S.A: Business Communications Co., 1988.

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Point of sale. Manchester: Carcanet, 2000.

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Lotzkat, Lucie. Konkurrenzvorteile am Point-of-Sale. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00205-3.

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Büttner, Oliver B. Kognitive Prozesse am Point of Sale. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9480-6.

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Baun, Dorothea. Impulsives Kaufverhalten am Point of Sale. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-07963-7.

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Walter, Eva Margarete. Zahlungsverhalten am stationären Point of Sale. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8618-4.

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Rainer, Ricarda Carina. Digital Signage am Point of Sale. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29003-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Point of sale (POS)"

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Manzinger, Sandra. "Digital Signage am PoS." In Digital Signage am Point of Sale, 17–57. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17717-1_3.

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Lotzkat, Lucie. "Erklärung und Steuerung von Konkurrenzbeziehungen am POS." In Konkurrenzvorteile am Point-of-Sale, 169–216. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00205-3_5.

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Rainer, Ricarda Carina. "Theoretischer Teil II – Digitalisierung am PoS." In Digital Signage am Point of Sale, 25–46. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29003-0_3.

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Büttner, Oliver B. "Zwei Studien zur Validität von Gedankenprotokollen am POS." In Kognitive Prozesse am Point of Sale, 95–170. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9480-6_5.

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Lee, Hyun-Jung, Youngsook Lee, and Dongho Won. "Protection Profile for PoS (Point of Sale) System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 495–500. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40675-1_74.

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Buerke, Anja. "Consumer Confusion als Herausforderung am Point of Sale (POS)." In Nachhaltigkeit und Consumer Confusion am Point of Sale, 1–13. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15201-7_1.

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Riedl, Heike. "Determinanten, Komponenten und Wirkungen des Flow-Erlebens als Erklärungsansatz für das Kaufverhalten am POS und Ableitung der Hypothesen." In Flow-Erleben am Point of Sale, 123–72. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04266-0_5.

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Buerke, Anja. "Zusammenfassung und Ausblick zum Forschungsgebiet Consumer Confusion am POS beim Kauf nachhaltiger Produkte." In Nachhaltigkeit und Consumer Confusion am Point of Sale, 176–95. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15201-7_5.

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Buerke, Anja. "Empirische Untersuchung der Determinanten und Wirkungen von Consumer Confusion am POS beim Kauf nachhaltiger Produkte." In Nachhaltigkeit und Consumer Confusion am Point of Sale, 125–75. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15201-7_4.

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Huljev, Rube. "Payments and Point of Sales (POS) Innovation." In The FinTech Book, 92–94. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119218906.ch24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Point of sale (POS)"

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Ejofodomi, O'tega, Godswill Ofualagba, and Donatus Uchechukwu Onyishi. "Adulteration Detection of Petroleum Products at Point of Sale POS Terminals." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207101-ms.

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Abstract In the Oil and Gas Industry, price disparity between Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Automotive Gas Oil (AGO), and Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK), often leads to adulteration of these petroleum products by marketers for monetary gains. Adulteration is the illegal introduction of a foreign undesirable substance to a substrate which affects the quality of the substrate. Adulteration of petroleum products are difficult to detect at Point of Sale (POS) terminals. Current methods for adulteration detection are time-consuming, require specialized equipment and experienced technicians to operate them, and cannot be used at POS terminals. Gaseous Vapor Technique (GVE) is an innovative adulteration detection technique that can be employed at POS terminals and the PePVEAT device utilized in this study is the first portable electronic device that performs GVE on petroleum products. GVE testing was performed on pure 1 L samples of PMS, AGO, and DPK obtained from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) using PePVEAT. The results obtained from GVE analysis of AGO, PMS, and DPK showed that the three petroleum products exhibited unique and varying chemical characteristics during GVE. AGO gives off its peak emissions between 10-20 seconds from test onset, DPK gives off its peak emissions between 10-30 seconds from test onset, and PMS gives off its peak emissions between 50-70 seconds from test onset. AGO emits 17.52-46.58 ppm of methane, 5.35-11.93 ppm of LPG, 35.51-84.6 ppm of butane, and 10.38-69.86 ppm of toluene. PMS emits 92,063.67-152,168.18 ppm of methane, 301.035-573.61 ppm of LPG, 2210.89-3424.94 ppm of butane, and 1983.02-7187.29 ppm of toluene. DPK emits 27.13-62.14 ppm of methane, 20.2-74.1 ppm of LPG, 120.41-1635.85 ppm of butane, and 1159.75- 1633.09 ppm of toluene. These variations in timing and concentrations of emissions shows that GVE can be utilized to detect and distinguish between AGO, PMS and DPK. The results obtained from GVE analysis of AGO, PMS, and DPK showed that Since PMS, AGO and DPK, each have unique chemical emissions during GVE, as was demonstrated in this paper, it is possible that GVE can be utilized to detect the adulterations of PMS with AGO and the adulteration of AGO with DPK. Future work involves investigating the ability of GVE to detect AGO-adulterated PMS, DPK-adulterated AGO, DPK-adulterated PMS, AGO-adulterated DPK,and PMS-adulterated DPK. The degree and percentage of adulteration that can be detected using the GVE technique will also be examined.
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Sassani Sarrafpour, Bahman A., Rosario Del Pilar Soria Choque, Blake Mitchell Paul, and Farhad Mehdipour. "Commercial Security Scanning: Point-on-Sale (POS) Vulnerability and Mitigation Techniques." In 2019 IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cyberscitech.2019.00099.

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Anand, K. N., V. Siddeswara Prasad, and Raiu Bhandari. "Design of battery charger with power path controller and fuel gauge for point of sale (POS) terminal." In 2018 3rd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rteict42901.2018.9012518.

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Rolim, Chiara, and Ayla Rebouças. "Automating Transaction Testing Involving Payment at PoS (Point of Sale) Terminals: An Experience Report at a Technology Company." In SAST'21: Brazilian Symposium on Systematic and Automated Software Testing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3482909.3482913.

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Wirawan, Adhitomo, and Joko Santosa. "Design of Point of Sales (POS) Information Systems Based on Web and Quick Response (QR) Code." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science (ICAESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaess-19.2019.14.

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Lazdauskas, Evaldas, and Juozas Merkevičius. "EVALUATION OF MOBILE PAYMENTS PENETRATION IN BALTIC COUNTRIES AND POLAND BY APPLYING MCDM METHODS." In 23rd Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/vvf.2020.018.

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The purpose of this research is to analyse penetration and use of mobile payments in Baltic countries and Poland in point of sale (POS) segment. Mobile payment or m-payment (MP) is referred to the transfer of money (in digital form) from one party (e.g., consumer) to another party (e.g., seller or merchant) using a mobile device. Mobile payments allows to pay for goods or services with mobile devices instead of paying with cash or physical credit cards. The statistical data helps us to know information about mobile payments growth. The article concerns analysis of mobile payment use in POS systems. The penetration of mobile payments in countries is different. Lack of scientific information and novelty of this article provided by this research include methods for multi criteria decision support by applying SAW and TOPSIS methods. In this study case we demonstrate the evaluation of mobile payment use in Lithuania with comparison with other Baltic countries and Poland. The SAW and TOPSIS methods supply the structure of decision making which can help us to evaluate the penetration of mobile payments.
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Ramos, Marcelo A., and Rosângela A. D. Penteado. "Mineração de Componentes para a Revitalização de Softwares Embutidos." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Componentes, Arquiteturas e Reutilização de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcars.2007.24124.

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Para reduzir custos, minimizar riscos, antecipar prazos e otimizar recursos de projetos de novos produtos deve-se, sempre que possível, reutilizar artefatos de produtos similares existentes. Esses artefatos devem ser de fácil adaptação para satisfazerem aos requisitos dos novos produtos. Este trabalho propõe o uso de mineração de componentes genéricos de software a partir de sistemas embutidos legados, para reunir e documentar os conhecimentos contidos nesses sistemas, efetuar suas revitalizações e produzir um núcleo de ativos reutilizáveis para apoiar o rápido desenvolvimento de produtos similares. Técnicas de Linha de Produtos de Software são utilizadas para a modelagem de domínio e projeto de componentes. Um estudo de caso para o domínio de terminais POS (Point Of Sale) é apresentado.
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"Mobile of Point of Sales (POS) Application with Cloud Computing Inventory Management System for Micro and Small Enterprises." In 2016 the 6th International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering. WCSE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/wcse.2016.06.135.

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Al Kautsaf, Faiz Maruf, Mohammad Namazee Bin Mohd Nizam, and Khalida Shajaratuddur Harun. "A Conceptual Framework: Point-of-Sales (POS) System Integrated with Business Intelligence (BI) Capability Focused on SME in Indonesia." In 2021 14th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dese54285.2021.9719477.

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Al Kautsaf, Faiz Maruf, Mohammad Namazee bin Mohd Nizam, and Khalida Shajaratuddur Harun. "A System Implementation: Point-of-Sales (POS) System Integrated with Business Intelligence (BI) Capability Focused on SME in Indonesia." In 2023 15th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dese58274.2023.10099802.

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Reports on the topic "Point of sale (POS)"

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Gandelman, Néstor, Rodrigo Lluberas, Daniel Misail, and Diana Gaitan. The Impact of a Financial Inclusion Program on Household’s Payment Choice, Savings, and Credit. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004789.

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Uruguay implemented an ambitious financial inclusion program that included a fiscal stimulus through VAT rebates and subsidies for point of sale (POS) adoption. One of its main provisions banned cash payment of wages and social benefits and forced financial institutions to open wage-accounts with extremely beneficial conditions. In the aggregate, the number of debit cards transactions increased sharply. We test the wage-banking channel of the financial program exploiting differences in the treatment intensity between public sector and private sector workers. We find that while the provision of bank accounts increased the number of debit cards, it had modest effects on the probability of payment with cards that are mostly produced by a more intensive use of debit cards by those who already had them before the Financial Inclusion Act went into effect. Thus, the aggregate effects must be produced by the fiscal channel of the financial inclusion program. Finally, we fail to find effects on either access to short-term credit or expenditure or savings.
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Jiménez-Marín, G., I. García Medina, and E. Bellido-Pérez. Advertising at the point of sale: influence on children´s body image. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2017-1202en.

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Kelner, Britton, and Sparks. L51986 Natural Gas Sample Collection and Handling Phase II Simulated Field Conditions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011157.

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Phase II was originally planned as a series of field tests to confirm the results of the sampling methods performance tests conducted during Phase I. However, the API Chapter 14.1 Gas Sampling Research Working Group chose to have the tests conducted at a newly developed wet gas test facility located at the Colorado Engineering Experiment Station (CEESI), in Nunn, Colorado. Three general tests were conducted. Test Plan I was intended to investigate the effects of sample point location on on-line gas chromatograph (GC) analyses and on spot sampling methods. Test Plan II was intended to investigate the effects of sample point location on on-line GC analyses and to compare several spot sampling methods when sampling from the same point. Test Plan III was intended to investigate the effects of coupling configurations and cylinder temperature on two specific methods: Helium Pop, and purging - Fill/Empty.
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Dutra, Lauren M., James Nonnemaker, Nathaniel Taylor, Ashley Feld, Brian Bradfield, John Holloway, Edward (Chip) Hill, and Annice Kim. Visual Attention to Tobacco-Related Stimuli in a 3D Virtual Store. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0036.2005.

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We used eye tracking to measure visual attention to tobacco products and pro- and anti-tobacco advertisements (pro-ads and anti-ads) during a shopping task in a three-dimensional virtual convenience store. We used eye-tracking hardware to track the percentage of fixations (number of times the eye was essentially stationary; F) and dwell time (time spent looking at an object; DT) for several categories of objects and ads for 30 adult current cigarette smokers. We used Wald F-tests to compare fixations and dwell time across categories, adjusting comparisons of ads by the number of each type of ad. Overall, unadjusted for the number of each object, participants focused significantly greater attention on snacks and drinks and tobacco products than ads (all P<0.005). Adjusting for the number of each type of ad viewed, participants devoted significantly greater visual attention to pro-ads than anti-ads or ads unrelated to tobacco (P<0.001). Visual attention for anti-ads was significantly greater when the ads were placed on the store’s external walls or hung from the ceiling than when placed on the gas pump or floor (P<0.005). In a cluttered convenience store environment, anti-ads at the point of sale have to compete with many other stimuli. Restrictions on tobacco product displays and advertisements at the point of sale could reduce the stimuli that attract smokers’ attention away from anti-ads.
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Spencer, Nekeisha. Extreme Weather and Real Estate: A Case Study of the Jamaican Housing Market. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004984.

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The damaging effects of extreme weather on residential real estate are concerning for many countries around the world. Results from combining hurricane and rainfall events with 16 years of data on sale prices of land, apartments and the value of mortgages across different localities in Jamaica reveal that the housing market should take urgent adaptation measures. While hurricanes play a role in reducing apartment prices, they do not affect residential housing prices and the value of existing mortgages. The study also demonstrates that extreme rainfall reduces the value of new mortgages. The results point to the importance of climate adaptation for the real estate market and property investment.
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Meiri, Noam, Michael D. Denbow, and Cynthia J. Denbow. Epigenetic Adaptation: The Regulatory Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Plasticity that Determine Stress-Response Set Point. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593396.bard.

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Our hypothesis was that postnatal stress exposure or sensory input alters brain activity, which induces acetylation and/or methylation on lysine residues of histone 3 and alters methylation levels in the promoter regions of stress-related genes, ultimately resulting in long-lasting changes in the stress-response set point. Therefore, the objectives of the proposal were: 1. To identify the levels of total histone 3 acetylation and different levels of methylation on lysine 9 and/or 14 during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 2. To evaluate the methylation and acetylation levels of histone 3 lysine 9 and/or 14 at the Bdnfpromoter during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 3. To evaluate the levels of the relevant methyltransferases and transmethylases during infliction of stress. 4. To identify the specific localization of the cells which respond to both specific histone modification and the enzyme involved by applying each of the stressors in the hypothalamus. 5. To evaluate the physiological effects of antisense knockdown of Ezh2 on the stress responses. 6. To measure the level of CpG methylation in the promoter region of BDNF in thermal treatments and free-fed, 12-hour fasted, and re-fed chicks during post-natal day 3, which is the critical period for feed-control establishment, and 10 days later to evaluate longterm effects. 7. The phenotypic effect of antisense “knock down” of the transmethylaseDNMT 3a. Background: The growing demand for improvements in poultry production requires an understanding of the mechanisms governing stress responses. Two of the major stressors affecting animal welfare and hence, the poultry industry in both the U.S. and Israel, are feed intake and thermal responses. Recently, it has been shown that the regulation of energy intake and expenditure, including feed intake and thermal regulation, resides in the hypothalamus and develops during a critical post-hatch period. However, little is known about the regulatory steps involved. The hypothesis to be tested in this proposal is that epigenetic changes in the hypothalamus during post-hatch early development determine the stress-response set point for both feed and thermal stressors. The ambitious goals that were set for this proposal were met. It was established that both stressors i.e. feed and thermal stress, can be manipulated during the critical period of development at day 3 to induce resilience to stress later in life. Specifically it was established that unfavorable nutritional conditions during early developmental periods or heat exposure influences subsequent adaptability to those same stressful conditions. Furthermore it was demonstrated that epigenetic marks on the promoter of genes involved in stress memory are altered both during stress, and as a result, later in life. Specifically it was demonstrated that fasting and heat had an effect on methylation and acetylation of histone 3 at various lysine residues in the hypothalamus during exposure to stress on day 3 and during stress challenge on day 10. Furthermore, the enzymes that perform these modifications are altered both during stress conditioning and challenge. Finally, these modifications are both necessary and sufficient, since antisense "knockdown" of these enzymes affects histone modifications, and as a consequence stress resilience. DNA methylation was also demonstrated at the promoters of genes involved in heat stress regulation and long-term resilience. It should be noted that the only goal that we did not meet because of technical reasons was No. 7. In conclusion: The outcome of this research may provide information for the improvement of stress responses in high yield poultry breeds using epigenetic adaptation approaches during critical periods in the course of early development in order to improve animal welfare even under suboptimum environmental conditions.
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Chotelal, Shreshta, Marla Dukharan, Jeetendra Khadan, and Melissa Marchand. Financial Inclusion and FinTech in Suriname. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003988.

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This paper examines the potential role FinTech can play to support Surinames financial inclusion efforts. Financial technologyor “FinTech”describes the integration of technology into financial services to improve their use and delivery to customers. More importantly, it has the potential to meet the needs of those population segments that are not the main target of traditional financial services models. FinTech applications include mobile banking, mobile money, point-of-sale, e-commerce, and digital currencies. These solutions have contributed to financial inclusion, strengthening financial development, economic growth, poverty reduction, and socioeconomic development. We find that Suriname is making progress in promoting the development and use of FinTech. Still, there is room for further improvement, especially in fostering an enabling environment to harness FinTech opportunities, strengthening broader financial sector policies, addressing potential risks, promoting international collaboration, and addressing critical country-specific challenges.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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Schuster, Gadi, and David Stern. Integrated Studies of Chloroplast Ribonucleases. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697125.bard.

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Gene regulation at the RNA level encompasses multiple mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including splicing, editing, endo- and exonucleolytic cleavage, and various phenomena related to small or interfering RNAs. Ribonucleases are key players in nearly all of these post-transcriptional mechanisms, as the catalytic agents. This proposal continued BARD-funded research into ribonuclease activities in the chloroplast, where RNase mutation or deficiency can cause metabolic defects and is often associated with plant chlorosis, embryo or seedling lethality, and/or failure to tolerate nutrient stress. The first objective of this proposal was to examined a series of point mutations in the PNPase enzyme of Arabidopsis both in vivo and in vitro. This goal is related to structure-function analysis of an enzyme whose importance in many cellular processes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes has only begun to be uncovered. PNPase substrates are mostly generated by endonucleolytic cleavages for which the catalytic enzymes remain poorly described. The second objective of the proposal was to examine two candidate enzymes, RNase E and RNase J. RNase E is well-described in bacteria but its function in plants was still unknown. We hypothesized it catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavages in both RNA maturation and decay. RNase J was recently discovered in bacteria but like RNase E, its function in plants had yet to be explored. The results of this work are described in the scientific manuscripts attached to this report. We have completed the first objective of characterizing in detail TILLING mutants of PNPase Arabidopsis plants and in parallel introducing the same amino acids changes in the protein and characterize the properties of the modified proteins in vitro. This study defined the roles for both RNase PH core domains in polyadenylation, RNA 3’-end maturation and intron degradation. The results are described in the collaborative scientific manuscript (Germain et al 2011). The second part of the project aimed at the characterization of the two endoribonucleases, RNase E and RNase J, also in this case, in vivo and in vitro. Our results described the limited role of RNase E as compared to the pronounced one of RNase J in the elimination of antisense transcripts in the chloroplast (Schein et al 2008; Sharwood et al 2011). In addition, we characterized polyadenylation in the chloroplast of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and in Arabidopsis (Zimmer et al 2009). Our long term collaboration enabling in vivo and in vitro analysis, capturing the expertise of the two collaborating laboratories, has resulted in a biologically significant correlation of biochemical and in planta results for conserved and indispensable ribonucleases. These new insights into chloroplast gene regulation will ultimately support plant improvement for agriculture.
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.

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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.
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