Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poissons – Maladies'
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Gulameabasse, Ikbal. "Un cas méditerranéen de fish-eye-disease "maladie des yeux de poissons"." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25184.
Full textGonzales, i. Anadon Gemma. "Contribution à la connaissance des processus ciguatériques : étude anatomo-physiologique et histologique des effets de(s) toxine(s) de Gambierdiscus toxicus chez Serranus Cabrilla : étude hépatique de poissons de zones ciguatérigènes." Perpignan, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PERP0124.
Full textDeplano, Michel. "Etude morpho-fonctionnelle de la muqueuse intestinale du loup Dicentrarchus labrax L : mise en évidence de pathologies nutritionnelles chez les sujets immatures et chez les larves." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20223.
Full textCastric, Jeanne. "Birnavirus et rhabdovirus en pisciculture nouvelle." Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2027.
Full textAntonelli, Laetitia. "Impact de la parasitologie sur la pisciculture en Corse : Suivi des parasitoses et étude des transferts de parasites depuis la faune sauvage vers les poissons élevés en mer ouverte." Corte, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CORT0015.
Full textDuring the last decades, the decline of wild fish stocks in the Mediterranean has led to increase the development of aquaculture. In Corsica, aquaculture is one of the main agricultural activities. The pathogenic effect of parasites in natural conditions is usually reduced, especially on fish. It is a consequence of the balance established during the evolution of the host-parasite system. In aquaculture, the accumulation of parasites on a host can cause a pathogenic effect with a degree of gravity proportional to the accumulation (Combes, 1990). Animals reared in sea-cages are exposed to a large number of parasitic agents having direct and indirect life cycles (Paperna, 1998). This study allowed us to collect and identify the parasite communities present on farmed fish from Corsica. Seven species were identified on the common seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. These seven species are included in four groups : - The Monogenea Diplectanum aequans on the common seabass, Sparicotyle chrysophrii and Furnestinia echeneis on the gilthead seabream. These species parasitize frequently the species studied. - The Copepoda Lernanthropus kroyeri and Caligus minimus only found on the common seabass ; - The Isopoda Cerotothoa oestroides identified on the common seabass ; - The Myxosporea Ceratomyxa labracis, occasionaly collected on the common seabass. We highlighted the influence of environmental factors and the host’s physiological parameters in the parasite distribution. Statistical methods allowed us to identify potential interactions between parasite species and host species, but also between ecosystems. This work, realized in collaboration with the corsican farmers, may be a tool for management and prevention in order to avoid any losses due to pathogens. Moreover, it would reduce the risks that could lead to disastrous economic consequences for farmers
Seenevaragachetty, Jessica. "Approches biologiques pour la prévention et le traitement de la moisissure aquatique, saprolegnia parasitica, chez le poisson." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29521/29521.pdf.
Full textSaprolegnia parasitica is a water mold responsible of the fungal infections of fish in fresh water environments. Previously, these infections were treated with malachite green until it is banned due to its carcinogenic properties. Novel research avenues include the development of natural products to prevent and control S. parasitica. The purpose of the experiments in vitro was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the Hempseed MicroPlate (HeMP) – method. Experiments in bath in vivo were to assess the effectiveness of products on fry infected with S. parasitica. Neemazal WSP 5%, Rhus typhina JN02141A, and Burkholderia cepacia showed antifungal activity against S. parasitica. However, Rhus typhina JN02141A was ineffective on fry infected with S. parasitica. The further research is to identify the active ingredients and test them on fry infected with S. parasitica.
Dumetz, Fabien. "Les antigènes de surface de Flavobacterium psychrophilum : approche protéomique et caractérisation de deux protéines (OmpA/P60 et OmpH/P18)." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21363.
Full textFlavobacterium psychrophilum is a Gram negative bacteria responsible for fish infection. We used a proteomic approach to identify some outer membrane components such as putative adhesins, proteins involved in iron acquisition or in efflux systems, a HtrA homologue and some other molecules with unknown function. Several major antigens have been identified in the outer membrane including the two components OmpH/P18 and OmpA/P60. They are surface-exposed since they were completely digested by in situ proteinase K treatment and the two monospecific sera were bacteriostatic/bactericidal. Vaccination trials showed that both proteins can induce a high titter of specific antibodies which are protective. Collectively, these results indicate that these two proteins could be used in future vaccine development as promising candidate antigens
Cotto, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation moléculaire de la protéine prion de poisson-zèbre et expression génique au cours du développement." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12817.
Full textPrion diseases are characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal isoform (PrPsc) of a physiologic protein (PrPc) that is encoded by the Prnp gene in humans. A homologous protein has been characterized in different Mammal species and Birds, the turtle and Xenopus. Different prion-like proteins have been identified in Fish, but their orthologous and paralogous relationship to the human Prnp gene are unknown. Here, we characterized the prion protein (PrP1) of the zebrafish after cloning of its cDNA. Although its primary amino acid sequence is relatively divergent, the PrP1 protein shows preserved PrP-type characteristic motifs. The prp1 gene expression pattern has been determined in zebrafish embryos and larvae by using in situ in toto hybridization and compared to the expression of the prp2 gene. The latter exists also in the zebrafish genome and encodes for another protein of the PrP family. The prp1 gene is expressed in the zebrafish embryo from the beginning of zygotic activation, suggesting a pleiotropic role of this protein during early embryogenesis. Twenty-four hours after fertilization, transcripts of prp1 are localized in distinct anatomical structures, with a main expression in the central nervous system, lateral line neuromasts, different parts of kidney, liver, heart, posterior intestine and pectoral fins. The prp2 gene is mainly expressed in neuromasts and pectoral fins. In conclusion, we confirm the appearance of the PrP gene at the origin of Vertebrate evolution. Moreover, the differential expression pattern for PrP-type genes during development could be used as an additional argument to clarify phylogenetic relations emanating from the duplication of the prp gene in the Teleostean Fish genome
Bernatchez, Alex. "Étude des propriétés antibactériennes de composés d'huiles essentielles contre des agents pathogènes d'aquaculture." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40301.
Full textZhang, Lili. "Investigation of intramacrophage stages of Burkholderia cenocepacia using a zebrafish model." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT042.
Full textOpportunistic bacteria belonging to Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) can cause devastating pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients. These bacteria can survive and replicate in macrophages in vitro. Clinical evidence confirmed that the bacteria localize in phagocytic cells, and do not form biofilms in the lungs of infected patients as generally believed. Using a zebrafish infection model we established previously that macrophages are a critical site for bacterial replication and development of acute fatal infection. In the present study, we further explored the role of the intracellular stages of B. cenocepacia by developing new transgenic reporter lines for real time imaging of subcellular trafficking, studying in detail the role of autophagy in vivo, and performing host transcriptome analysis of FACS-sorted macrophages from zebrafish larvae infected with B. cenocepacia.In agreement with in vitro studies, we found that the autophagy related protein Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (Lc3) was recruited to B. cenocepacia K56-2-containing vacuoles. Although not critical, using real time confocal microscopy, we observed that the bacteria were able to replicate in such organelles. Both genetic and pharmacological modulation of autophagy did not significantly change the replication profile of B. cenocepacia K56-2 during infection. However, reduction in autophagy resulted in more rapid embryo death compared to wild type embryos. This suggests an inverse correlation between autophagy and fatal inflammation, and we hypothesize that the ability of B. cenocepacia to arrest maturation of (auto)phagosomes, and cross talk between autophagy and inflammasome signaling pathways during B. cenocepacia infection play an important role in the observed inflammatory responses. This study further describes the host transcriptome profile of macrophages isolated from infected zebrafish embryos. Our bio-informatics analysis showed that most of the genes up-regulated during infection were involved in immune response signaling, while the major group of down-regulated genes was associated with transcription and translation. We experimentally confirmed rapidly increased expression of tnfa in macrophages, and found that infection-induced expression of the cytokines cxcl8 and il1b did not depend on signalling through the Tnfa receptor, Tnfrsf1a.Our results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between B. cenocepacia and macrophages in vivo, and the zebrafish may help finding new targets for development of anti-infectious therapies to combat these intracellular bacteria
Lubat, Vincent. "Approches biologiques et moléculaires dans l'étude des Myxosporidies, du PKX et des Marteilia : impacts en aquaculture." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20282.
Full textBridel, Sébastien. "Développement d’outils bio-informatiques décisionnels en médecine vétérinaire : application au modèle Tenacibaculum, agent pathogène de poissons marins Comparative Genomicsof Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi and “Tenacibaculum finnmarkense”Highlights Intricate Evolution of Fish-Pathogenic Species Genetic diversity and population structure of Tenacibaculum maritimum, a serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish: from genome comparisons to high throughput MALDI-TOF typing." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV012.
Full textThe genus Tenacibaculum (family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes) was proposed in 2001 by Suzuki et al. and currently includes 28 valid species. These bacteria are found exclusively in marine environments, either free or associated with organisms such as fish, macroalgae and invertebrates. Eight species are pathogenic to fish and are mainly isolated in farms. These bacteria cause diseases with similar symptoms that are collectively referred to as tenacibaculosis. Identification based on phenotypic characteristics is not sufficiently discriminating and generally does not make it possible to identify the species responsible for the pathology during infectious episodes in farms. The central objective of my doctoral project was to understand the prevalence of these bacteria, particularly through the development of bioinformatics decision-making tools in veterinary medicine. First, I developed upon the important sequencing effort initiated by the team before my arrival on bacteria belonging to the genus Tenacibaculum. I verified the current taxonomy of the entire genus (described species and published genomes) using a set of phylogenomic methods such as the Average Nucleotide Identity. This work has allowed us to focus on a group of closely related species, T. dicentrarchi, T. finnmarkense and T. piscium, and has highlighted an example illustrating the theory put forward by Habib et al (2014) supporting the idea of a parallel evolution of pathogenicity as well as multiple acquisitions of virulence factors within the genus Tenacibaculum. It also seems that evolutionary convergence phenomena have taken place for some virulence factors (i.e., totally different genes but encoding the same function). I then developed a method for identifying and typing bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Tenacibaculum using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The main advantages of this method are its reliability, speed and low cost. To develop the identification method, the reference spectra of the type strains of most (24 out of 28) species of the genus Tenacibaculum were obtained. The identification of a field isolate is therefore based on a quantification of the similarity between the spectral footprint of the sample and the reference spectral footprints. In order to develop a typing method for strains within the T. maritimum species, we first used the complete genomes of 25 strains (including 22 obtained in this project) to assess intraspecific diversity. The MALDI-typing method developed is based on the use of biomarkers (polymorphic ribosomal proteins). I have sought to maximize the potential of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry by combining information from genomes with spectral fingerprints. I chose to define a MALDI-Type (MT) as a unique combination of 9 biomarkers based on the MLST technique. In a collection of 130 field isolates, we were able to identify 20 MT that are grouped into 4 distinct MALDI-groups. Finally, I developed a web application called MALDIquantTypeR that integrates: the reference database for species belonging to the genus Tenacibaculum, the identification tools as well as the typing tool dedicated to the species T. maritimum developed as part of this project. It should allow geographically distant researchers to directly analyze raw data from any mass spectrometer. We believe that MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry can be used both in large-scale epidemiological studies and in routine veterinary diagnosis. This project used different approaches based mainly on sequencing and analysis of complete genomes, as well as proteomics (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry). The development of analytical tools has also required bioinformatics approaches and programming
Serrano, Lizana Mercedes. "Recherches sur l'écopathologie et la prévention en salmoniculture." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20057.
Full textRamspacher, Caroline. "Développement de modèles animaux de maladies génétiques des systèmes cardiovasculaire et musculaire chez le poisson-zèbre." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ095/document.
Full textThe numerous advantages of zebrafish were used to study two hereditary diseases: desminopathy and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). Desminopathy is a myofibrillar myopathy characterized by the presence of granulofilamentous aggregates. Two models of loss and gain of function of desmin showed the implication of both loss of functional desmin and presence of desmin aggregates in desminopathy clinical manifestations. Phenotypes observed in these models include in particular a perturbation of the heart contraction biomechanics and of calcium propagation throughout the myocardium. Potential drugs, lowering the aggregate content, were proposed. After validating the use of zebrafish as a model of arterial hypertension, by verifying the implication of the elasticity of the aorta in blood flow regulation, we generated and characterized PVOD models. PVOD is a rare and severe form of pulmonary hypertension. The venous-specificity of the phenotypes observed in this pathology was confirmed
Rahmani, Alexandra. "Identification des facteurs de pathogénicité de la bactérie Vibrio tapetis, responsable de la maladie de l'anneau brun chez la palourde japonaise Ruditapes philippinarum et de mortalités chez les poissons marins Transcriptomic analysis of clam extrapallial fluids reveals immunity and cytoskeleton alterations in the first week of Brown Ring Disease development, in Fish & Shellfish Immunology 93, October 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0059.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the mechanisms related to the pathogenicity of V. tapetis. For this purpose, we developed 2 research axes. The first one aimed at studying the virulence of V. tapetis by answering the following 2 issues: What are the genes involved in the virulence of V. tapetis? and Are there host-specific markers of the virulence of V. tapetis? The second research axis concerned pathogen-host interactions and addressed the following 2 issues: What are the genes expressed during infection in the host? and What are the modulations in the animal associated with pH and temperature during infection? The main findings of this thesis are: (i) V. tapetis, in the context of BRD, induces a down expression of genes involved in the immune response anda deregulation of genes involved in the stabilization and synthesis of actin filaments (ii) This pathogen also induces a decrease in lysosomal activity on exposed hemocytes (iii) The effect of V. tapetis on the actin cytoskeleton and on the decrease in lysosomal activity is independent of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) (iv) The type IV secretion system (T4SS) is involved in the development of BRD but is not essential to induce this disease (v) In the context of BRD and of the loss of hemocyte adhesions properties in vitro, V. tapetis is able to modulate the pH of extrapallial fluids, respectively in the first days and hours of infection (vi) Finally, the "strains typing" approach based on MALDITOF makes it possible to discriminate between V. tapetis strains according to their pathogenicity with regard to Manila clam
Proust, Françoise. "Consommation de poisson et prévention des facteurs de risque de maladies cardiovasculaires dans des populations isolées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29432/29432.pdf.
Full textAlavi, Naini Seydeh Maryam. "Etude de la physiopathologie des tauopathies dans le modèle de poisson zèbre : Implication des héparanes sulfates." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077215.
Full textTauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. A cardinal feature of tauopathies is hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein in brain. The pathophysiology of tauopathies is poorly understood, and to date there is no measure to prevent or even slow the progression of disease. -Several studies indicate that heparan sulfates (polymers of sulfated polysaccharides attached to a core protein) play a significant role in tau hyperphosphorylation, but the nature of the heparan sulfates involved in the pathological processes and their precise function in the pathogenesis of tauopathy remains unknown. The aim of my thesis was to shed light on the role of heparan sulfates in tauopathies. For my work, I used the transgenic zebrafish line Tg[HuC::hTauP301L/DsRed] that expresses the human tau protein carrying the P301L mutation responsible for frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. This transgenic line reproduces an important pathophysiological feature of tauopathies: abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. In the first part of my thesis, I participated in research designed to investigate the role of 3-O-sulfotransferase-2 (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of heparan sulfate) in tau hyperphosphorylation, using the Tg[HuC::hTauP301L/DsRed] line. With a genetic approach,. Ie. Inactivation of 3-0- sulfotransferase-2 by injection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides in Tg[HuC::hTauP301L/DsRed] embryos, I have shown that this enzyme (and therefore the heparan sulfates with sulfated residues in position 3 of glucosamine) play a key role in pathological tau hyperphosphorylation. Indeed, partial inactivation of the 3-0- sulfotransferase-2 in these embryos induces a 60% decrease in the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated forms of tau. This work points to heparan sulfates as a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. In the second part of my thesis, I worked on finding small molecule antagonists of heparan sulfates capable of inhibiting the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. I discovered that two heparan sulfate antagonist molecules (surfen and oxalyl-surfen) not only significantly decrease tau hyperphosphorylation in Tg[HuC::hTauP301L/DsRed] embryos but can also partially rescue the axonal defects and fasciculation of primary motor neurons caused by expression of the mutated human tau. Taken together, my findings highlight the key role of heparan sulfate in the pathophysiology of tauopathies, and open promising perspectives in the search for therapeutic strategies for tackling these disorders
SAUTY, CLAIRE. "Effets d'une huile de poisson riche en acide eicosapentaenoique sur les lipides seriques des malades hemodialyses hyperlipidemiques." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M114.
Full textBernard, David Claude. "Etude du système lymphocytaire Tαβ d'un poisson téléostéen, la truite arc-en-ciel : répertoires, récepteurs de co-stimulation, réponse antivirale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0018.
Full textMost of the basic components of the vertebrate adaptive immune system are present in teleost fish, in the context of a particular physiology. Original aspects of the T-cell system and specific cellular response could be observed, compared to other vertebrate immune mechanisms. Using a CDR3 spectratyping method, we have described the modifications of the TCR repertoire induced by DNA vaccination against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS). This approach demonstrated that a public response was targeted to VHS glycoprotein and revealed a great internal complexity. CD28 and CTLA4 homologues were also identified. Several lines of evidences as intron/exon structure, mRNA expression profiles and functional experiments suggest that these receptors constitute co-stimulatory receptors as their mammalian counterparts. At last, an intestinal IEL population was characterized. These cells expressed typical T-cell markers, and displayed a polyclonal and diverse TCR repertoire in naive fish, in sharp contrast to what is observed in human and in the mouse. Moreover, IEL contain antigen responsive T cells, since they participate to the specific T-cell response against a systemic viral infection. The specific immune T-cell response in rainbow trout is extremely diverse and displays activation mechanisms comparable to their mammalian counterparts. However, the IEL characterization revealed that the organization of T-cell compartments is different from the one observed in human or in the mouse
Ramanoudjame, Laetitia. "Etude du collagène VI dans le développement musculaire chez le poisson zèbre : implications pour les myopathies liées au COLVI." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066416.
Full textMuscles are highly organized structures that allow us to perform many functions. They are made from muscular cells but also surrounding tissues that comprise both cells and extracellular matrix. The interactions between them are crucial for the muscle physiology. Collagen VI (COLVI) is a heterotrimeric protein, ubiquitously expressed in connective tissues. It plays multiple biological roles in the maintenance of structural integrity, cellular adhesion, migration and survival. COLVI trimers are formed by the assembly of 2 “short” chains and 1 “long” chain. To date, six COLVI chains are recognized in mammalians with 2 short (α1-2(VI)) and 3 long (α3-6(VI)) chains. Little is known regarding the possible assembly of the newly characterized α4-6(VI) polypeptides with the short chains, and a putative functional compensation between the different long chains. Furthermore, in humans, deficiency in α1-3(VI) due to mutations in the COL6A1-3 genes causes a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders collectively termed COLVI-myopathies. During my Ph.D, I got interested in COLVI during the development of zebrafish, a relevant model of neuromuscular disorders. In the first part of my work, I identified 2 orthologs of the α4-6(VI) chains in zebrafish thanks to bio-informatics studies. In light of their stronger homology with the mammalian α4(VI) chain, we named the genes encoding the novel chains col6a4a and col6a4b. To further unveil the roles of the corresponding proteins, we created COLVI deficient zebrafish embryos using a morpholino antisense oligonucleotides approach (MO) . We chose to design MOs that block splicing of col6a2, col6a4a and col6a4b, thereby creating premature termination codons. As expected, the targeted transcripts levels were drastically reduced, likely due to degradation by the nonsense mediated RNA decay. All morphant embryos presented macroscopic and morphologic phenotypes that overall resulted in functional muscle defects: altered muscle structure detected by birefringence analysis and impaired motility upon touch-evoked escape test. These alterations were confirmed at the ultra-structural level by electron microscopy. Nevertheless, some phenotypical specificities were uncovered between the different col6a2, col6a4a and col6a4b morphants, with the discovery of axon outgrowth defects. In a second part, we wanted to create stable zebrafish lines to study COLVI deficiency at later stages using Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN) and to be able to carry out pharmacological screenings with a transgenic line containing col6a2 with a premature codon (PTC) fused to the GFP. I performed clonings to obtain the different constructs. When possible, constructs were tested in vitro. Unfortunately, due to high mortality in vivo in both cases, we had to interrupt these projects. In parallel, my knowledge of the zebrafish model gave me the opportunity to be part of another project, in collaboration with the team of Denis Furling
Dutrieux, Francois Xavier. "Etude du rôle des proteines QkiA et QkiC dans la myofibrillogénèse précoce et la maturation des fibres musculaires lentes chez le Poisson Zèbre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066576/document.
Full textIn zebrafish, myotomes are organized along the antero-posterior axis within repeated units called somites. Contractile fibers are subdivided into two muscle cell types, the slow muscle fibers and the fast muscle fibers. The slow muscle cells are located on the surface of the embryo body while the fast muscle cells are located deeper in the somite, underneath the slow muscle cells. Myogenesis correspond to transitions from unspecified mesodermal cells to mature and functional muscle fibers. These cellular transitions have been extensively studied. However relatively little is known about early developmental mechanisms that are required to form premyofibrils, neither about maturation processes, during which premyofibrils evolved in contractile myofibers. This process called myofibrillogenesis involved a dynamic assembly of the elementary components of the sarcomere that occurred first in adaxial cells, the muscle precursors of slow muscle fibers. Here we show that QkiA and QkiC, two RNA-binding proteins with STAR domain, are required during the early step of myofibrillogenesis where Moysin proteins are not correctly assembled. This early phenotype leads to a strong and specific alteration in the maturation of thick Myosin filaments at 24hpf. The combined QkiA/QkiC loss of function induced a dissection of thick filaments followed by the accumulation of Myosin proteins at the tip of slow muscle cells in a cell autonomous manner. Interestingly, the loss of function of Mef2C/D, two myogenic enhancers from the same family, induced a similar phenotype. However we have shown that Quaking and Mef2 proteins act in parallel ways to control and regulate myofibrillogenesis. Remarkably, we have seen that the accumulation of Myosin, the dissection of thick filaments and the alteration of the Z-disk, induced by QkiA/C loss of function, are the pathologic phenotypes found in Human Myofibrillar Myopathies (MFM). This subgroup of myopathies has been created recently and very few is known about mechanisms involved in those diseases. We propose that QkiA and QkiC is another regulated system that is required to initiated and maintained myofibrillogenesis
Passet, Bruno. "Contribution à l’étude du rôle biologique des gènes de la famille Prion." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0055.
Full textThe prion protein, PrP, is known for its involvement in transmissible spongiform emcephalopathies. This protein belongs to a membrane-associated glycoprotein family that comprises also the Shadoo protein. The biological role of these two proteins remains poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to study the function of Shadoo by deregulating its gene expression in mice and zebrafish. The results indicate that PrP and Shadoo appear to be involved in early mouse embryonic development, and more precisely in the placenta development. In zebrafish, expressed Shaddo1-encoding gene is also involved in early embryogenesis. These data highlight a new role of PrP and Shadoo in vertebrate embryonic development
Haimeur, Adil. "Etude comparative de l’effet des microalgues marines et des huiles d’argan et de poisson sur le métabolisme lipidique et la fonction plaquettaire chez le rat et chez des patients dyslipidémiques : recherche de l'effet antiagrégant et exploration du mécanisme d'action dans le but de prévenir les maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1033/document.
Full textSome risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperaggregability of blood platelets and oxidative stress promotes the progression of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of LC-PUFA from different sources (marine microalgae, argan oil and fish oil) on installing the metabolic syndrome in rats fed high fat diet. The effects of argan oil on platelet function and lipid profiles were also tested in dyslipidemic patients. A preliminary study was conducted to find the minimum dose of microalgae (Odontella aurita) to be incorporated in the diet for a positive effect on the different parameters measured. We then studied the effect of lyophilized O. aurita on cardiovascular risk factors induced by a high fat diet in rats. The results showed that the addition of O. aurita induces a reduction in blood glucose and plasma lipid levels and a reduction in platelet aggregation. We then compare the effects of microalgae with fish oil. For this, a nutritional study was conducted in rats subjected to a high fat diet (HF) supplemented or not with the freeze-dried O. aurita (HFOA) or fish oil (HFFO). Supplementation lyophilized O. aurita and fish oil decreases platelet aggregation and oxidative stress.We subsequently compared the effects of fish oil rich in omega-3, and argan oil which is rich in omega-6 and omega-9. Our results show that 2 sources of LC-PUFA decrease platelet aggregation and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, but their mechanism of action appears to be different.We have also conducted a clinical study in Morocco to investigate the antiplatelet and lipid lowering effect of argan oil in patients with dyslipidemia. The results show a significant improvement in atherogenic lipids in patients consuming argan oil for 3 weeks. This improvement consists in a very significant reduction in total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol, with a decreased platelet aggregation and oxidative stress in patients consuming argan oil
Bourefis, Annis-Rayan. "Novel FUS and CHCHD10 models to investigate pathogenic mechanisms in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS177.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs), with a very rapid clinical course. It leads to muscle weakness and atrophy progressing to paralysis, with respiratory failure being the major cause of death within years following clinical diagnosis. Two major genes mutated in ALS patients are the RNA-binding protein FUS (FUSed in sarcoma), implicated in RNA metabolism, and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain 10 (CHCHD10), which plays a role in mitochondria stability. Both these genes have been investigated through different model systems, from small invertebrate models to patient biopsies. However, the major phenotypic features obtained in these models are complex and often controversial. The objective of this work is to provide new insights on the implication of these genes in ALS through the use of new models.To investigate the pathogenic mechanisms induced by FUS and CHCHD10, we generated and characterized two novel stable non-sense mutant zebrafish models for the orthologues of these genes and highlighted several ALS phenotypic features. We demonstrated, for the FUS model but not for CHCHD10, reduced lifespan, locomotor disabilities, aberrant motor axons, disorganized neuromuscular junction (NMJ), muscle and mitochondrial alteration, as well as molecular changes. These findings indicate that loss of fus expression is responsible for the occurrence of distal pathological signs at the NMJ, thus supporting a “dying-back” neuronopathy, in which early disease hallmarks start at the level of the NMJ and progress towards MN cell bodies
Fievet, Lorraine. "ARN non-codants et protéines effecteurs de la biologie du cil : identification du microARN let-7b comme modulateur de la ciliogenèse et rôle ciliaire putatif de l'Ataxine-7 dans l'ataxie spinocérébelleuse 7." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ050.
Full textCilia are conserved organelles projecting from almost every vertebrate cell. Mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in cilia structure or function can cause different developmental and degenerative anomalies, which are collectively termed ciliopathies. Ciliopathy patients present an important inter- and intra-familial phenotypic variability, suggesting the presence of modifier genes of the penetrance and expressivity of the disease. Using the zebrafish model organism enables to 1) validate the role of the microRNA let-7 as a modulator of ciliogenesis, and thus consider it as a potential modifier gene of ciliopathies; and 2) explore the putative ciliary role of Ataxin-7 and a potential developmental contribution to spinocerebellar ataxia 7, which is a degenerative disease. A better understanding of cilia biology and ciliopathies would allow better diagnostics and care of patients
Lissouba, Alexandra. "Modélisations de maladies des motoneurones en utilisant le poisson zébré." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21795.
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