Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poitou (France) – Histoire – 14e siècle'
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Krumenacker, Yves. "Les protestants du Poitou au XVIIIe siècle (1681-1789)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010612.
Full textFollowing a brief introduction to the geography of the area and to the reofrmation during the 16th and 17th centuries, this piece of work presents : detailed study of the years 1681-1685 ; the policy of persecution from 1686 to 1789, and the coming of religious tolerance. Catholic attemps to convert protestants are also presented. A demographic study shaws that the majority of the population remained protestant. Regular worship was successfully established by 1730, whereas churches were re-established from around 1739. Doctrine was propogated via schools, religious instruction, books, prayers, and sermons. God was presented as severe, demanding conversion, but forgiving his choses ones. An evolution towards a more sanctimonious religion, possibly influenced by pietism. Protestant identity is noticable by analysis of population trends (non observance of catholic practices e. G. Marriage and child-conception); in anti-catholic stories of persecutions: provocative attitudes (desecrations) : the (partial) use of old testatment Christian names; and the greater literacy of protestants. On the whole, the co-existence of the two communities remained peaceful - a common culture united the Poitevins the application of the edict of tolerance in 1788 especially satisfied the richer sections of the population (bourgeois, ploughmen)
Guillon-Guépin, Armelle. "De l'administration des anciennes villes de commune du Poitou au XVIIIè siècle." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT3011.
Full textThe reforms undergone by the body of cities beginning with the reign of Louis XIV had for effect the alteration of the old forms handed down from their history. If, at first, the only end of these modifications is to misappropriate the municipal finances for the profit of the royal treasury, at the end of the eighteenth century, a more political intention emerges : the will to make the French participate in decision making on a national level. Meanwhile, insensitive to all these changes, the mayors and the municipal magistrates of the cities continue to fulfill their missions in the service of the inhabitants under the benevolent supervision of the administrator
Mathieu, Maurice. "Les Poitevins et la République (septembre 1870 - juillet 1914) : le passage d'une société traditionnelle à la modernité politique." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010566.
Full textSlowly acceding to modernity, the vienne after 1870, doesn't easily rally 6to the republic. The republican conquest comes up indeed against a strong resistance from the conservative, monarchist and bonapartist parties, and from their support, the catholic church. It finally achieves its goal after a considerable effort of political pedagogy remarkably adapted to collective psychology and thanks to the flawless determination of the government in office from 1877, to break down the old conservatrice hold. Overcoming the economic difficulties and the crises at the end of the 19th century, the republic, never less, succeeds in consolidating its establishment and benefiting from the consensus of the "poitevins" in favour of a laic and, at the same time, moderate democracy. The conditions of mutation of "la vienne" seem to be in keeping with the features of its physical geography and with the organization of its human life. Above all, they translate the effects of the sociological weight as a whole and they bear the imprint of a history which has seldom been violent, but never the less contradictory and passionate
Sarrazin, Jean-Luc. "La campagne et la mer : les pays du littoral poitevin au Moyen Age (fin XIIe siècle - milieu XVe siècle)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040292.
Full textThe thesis presents a study of littoral countries of Poitou between the great expansion that hat taken place during the central years of the middle ages and the relative ending of the ordeals of the XIVth and XVth centuries. It consists in three parts. The first one (prolegomena) describes the geographical components especially the lay-out of the coast and the link between the ocean and the sea-side countries. The second one (book i: expanding and organization of the space - around 1170; around 1340) is the core of the work where are studied the genesis of the marais poitevin, the salt marshes spreading, the conquest of the intended coastline as well as production and seigniorial structures. Towards the beginning of the XIVth century the huge development effort leads to a high con, trol of the environment and to an exceptional occupation of the whole coastline. The third part (book II: crisis and strengthening -around 1340; around 1460-) deals with a study of the ordeals which affect the region starting from 1346-1350 (insecurity, plagues). This part puts into light the firmness of the seigniory which goes through the turmoil without major damage. The main themes studied are: organization of the coastline, control of the waters, salt production means, social and seigniorial structures, peasants agitations
Vulliez, Charles. "Des écoles de l'Orléanais à l'université d'Orléans (10e début 14e siècle)." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100021.
Full textThis thesis intends to be a history of teaching in the wider acceptance of the term (contents and pedagogical methods, institutions and staffs concerned) within a relatively broad chronological framework (four centuries) but in a restricted geographical space (the old diocese of Orléans). The first part deals through a study of the intellectual products with human examples, to reconstruct the teaching of the schools inherited from the Carolingian renaissance, the monastic schools of fleury (st-benoit-sur-loire) and micysaint-mesmin (10th-11th centuries) and the urban schools of Orléans, and eventually meung-sur-loire (11th-13th centuries). The second part, after a survey of the products of the Loire’s called in the field of ars dictaminis (art of writing letters), tries to picture the vision of the society, especially of the world of the schools, which was that of the masters of this discipline in the 12th and 13th centuries. The third part, centered upon the institutions, describes the evolution which leads from the schools, (in the precise sense), of the 12th and 13th centuries, to the institutionalization of the university, confirmed by pope clement 5's bulls of the 27th of January 1306 and its final acceptance after a protected crisis in 1320. A large biographical appendix, devoted to the alumi of the legal stadium
Gondret, Émilie. "Raoul, comte d'Eu et de Guines (129?-1345) : une vie, un office, un milieu." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040282.
Full textRalph, count of Eu, became constable of France in 1329 at the death of Gaucher de Châtillon, his predecessor. The sources have made possible to study three aspects of this man : in a first time, his life and action as constable of France at the beginning of the Hundred Years War, including a chapter on the office of constable. Secondly, his circle of knights and men-at-arms who served him in his house or his company at war. Then the second volume contains the complete edition of his register of accounts and some other sources (his bataille for 1340). This document is useful for the historians to understand a lifestyle of a great lord in the beginning of the XIVth century : his house, his family circle, his life during the military campaigns and the merchants who made possible such a lifestyle. This is a contribution to military, nobility and political history as well as one to economic and social history
Viallet, Ludovic. "Groupes cléricaux et monde des lai͏̈cs à Romans (vers 1280 - vers 1530) : une société en équilibre." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE29027.
Full textSantinelli, Emmanuelle. "Veuves et veuvage, de la Flandre au Poitou, de la fin du VIe à la fin du XIe siècle." Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL30025.
Full textKerhervé, Jean. "Finances et gens de finances des ducs de Bretagne, 1365-1491." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040006.
Full textFrom 1365, when the dynasty was set on the throne, to 1491 when Ann of Brittany married king Charles 8, the dukes of the house of Montfort devoted themselves to found in Brittany a state endowed with financial means matching its political ambitions. Their effort aimed at modernizing the institutional machinery, and the techniques of financial management, with the treble prospect of estimates, and budgetary and accountancy control, of knowledge of the Breton territory and sovereignty over it, of optimum exploitation, under the circumstances of the day, of state resources, and above all, of financial possibilities of their country. Their enterprise of centralization was largely backed and relayed by a dynamic administration constantly growing in number. Born of the most diverse Breton social strata, especially of the plethoric middle or lower aristocracy, its members carried out their task with all the more conviction as, while serving the interests of their princes, they also served their own. They contributed to turn Brittany, on the eve of its return to France, into a modern state, open to innovations, and accustomed to the monarchic methods of centralization, just like the kingdom
Borde, Hubert. "Gérard de Bologne, O. Carm. (+1317) : sa conception de la théologie et la puissance de Dieu." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040222.
Full textGerard of Bologna—Prior General of the Carmelite order during twenty-one years at the beginning of the 14th century—is the first Parisian theologian of his order (1295). His intellectual personality still remains relatively unknown. The goal of this study is to present the figure of Gerard of Bologna, as well as his conception of the doctrina sacra and of the power of God, and to propose a critical edition of some of his major texts treating the potentia Dei. The proposed methodology is that of rereading within context some of the questions raised by Gerard of Bologna, especially in light of the connection between philosophy and theology. This connection is, in fact, representative of the transformations of medieval thought in the first two decades of the 14th century, the epoch in which Gerard taught and wrote. The conception of the sacra doctrina and the doctrine of the potentia Dei are two excellent view points from which to identify the tensions between theology and philosophical rationality at the beginning of the 14th century. Following a century of historiography, of research and of editions, this study also proposes an evaluation and a renewed and updated monograph of the Carmelite theologian, author of Quodlibeta defended in Paris and in Avignon between 1309 and 1312, as well as a Summa theologiae, written between 1313 and 1317. Relegated to the status of a “history of the states of reason” (Paul Vignaux), the thought of Gerard of Bologna represents an original form of rationality, which does not depend simply upon natural reason, a theological rationality which insists upon the relation to the light of faith and to Revelation
Le, Roy Hervé. "Aspects de l'idéologie politique en Bretagne à travers les chroniqueurs (XIVè-XVè siècles)." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1D009.
Full textThe mediaval breton chroniciers tried to promote a specific historiography to sustain theirs dukes'claims to indemendance but several obstacles compelled them to reduce theirs claims. The legendary sources cannot assert an absolute unique originality of the bretons : these people pretend to be equal to other great european peoples after their common trojan ancestry. The armorique princes, according to chronicles, must keep a restraint attitude towards their king for feudal, sentimental and family ties prevent any absolute rupture. Alain bouchart dare not expose too openly the pernicious influence of french aristocrats on the last duke, francois ii, to avoid any claim from the king about the deserters to brittany. He, particularly, put the blame for the final disaster upon landais, a favourite to francois ii before becoming his master and a tyrant to his country because of the guilty renunciation of the king. Here appeard the modernity of the attitude of bouchard, a contemporary to commynes, in a period of realistic renewing of the notion of tyranny ou of religions field and emphasizing the rightful opposition of official bodies (aristocrats and officers) to dictatorship
Rauzier, Jean. "Finances et gestion d'une principauté au XIVème siècle : le duché de Bourgogne de Philippe le Hardi, 1364-1384." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040228.
Full textDuring the period 1364-1384,when Philipp the Bold is only duke of Burgundy,we've gathered together in a sole and centralized accounting the accounts of the Recette générale de Bourgogne,of the Chambre aux deniers,of five bailiwicks,of fourty castellanies,of the gruerie,and some various particular accounts. .
Boyer, Christine. "Les sermons de Guillaume de Sauqueville : l'activité d'un prédicateur dominicain à la fin du règne de Philippe le Bel." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/chevalier_c.
Full textGuillaume of Sauqueville was a quite unknown dominican preacher. Ail of we know about him is a sermon's collection of 106 pièces de tempore and de sanctis in five european manuscripts. In order to study his prédication's way we fïrst propose a complète and scientifîc édition of the sermon's collection : this work had never been completed until now. Guillaume of Sauqueville preached in Paris at the end of the reign of Philip the Fair, he well knows the académie organisation of his time and was probably student in the Collège of Sorbonne. Guillaume is not well-known, he is not one of the famous académie teachers of the XTVth century and ail of we clearly know now about him is this sermon's collection. This work shows an effective way of prédication which serves a theological and moral content. Guillaume wants to compose sermons that every one can understand : he uses latin language, but also french. The collection also shows his composition's style, for example how Guillaume uses working tools like the Manipulus florum, a médiéval florilège of citations. At last, the favourite thèmes of Guillaume clearly show that he is concerned by political questions, not only pastoral, and especially by three main powers of this time : the university of Paris, the clergy and the french monarchy
Portugal, Emmanuelle. "Des chartes aux registres. Les notaires et secrétaires royaux au XIVe siècle. Etude sociale et documentaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV054.
Full textCentered on the reign of the first three Valois (1328-1380), this thesis aims to study the construction, functioning and practices of the social group formed by the notaries and secretaries of the French royal chancellery. It is based on the combined examination of their scriptural practices and their experiences.This work is based on the study of the totality of the chancery registers of Philippe VI, Jean le Bon and Charles V. At the center of textual archeology, these documents are treated as units of meaning composed of several layers of human actions ranging from their creation to the 19th century. A comparative study with registers of civil Parliament is being conducted to determine whether one or more arts of registry within the royal administration are implied.The extra sigillum entries, the signature and the personal seals of several notaries and secretaries are also analysed. These personal markers give us access to administrative practices as well as to the expression of an individuality.In full expansion under the first three Valois, the ornamentation of the charters and registers is also the subject of a study. A practice related to the two documentary genres, it develops a visual rhetoric over time.The careers of some twenty notaries and royal secretaries are finally apprehended in order to highlight the characteristics and points of cohesion of this professional group that became a brotherly community following the creation of their confraternity in March 1351
Saliou, Clément. "Vie théâtrale dans le Nord-Ouest de la France (Bretagne, Pays de la Loire, Poitou, Aunis) du XIIIe au XVIe siècle." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20031.
Full textThis PhD research studies drama and the dramatic culture in Latin, French and Breton in northwestern France from the 13th century to the very beginning of the 17th century. It encompasses liturgical drama, mystery plays, farces, morality plays, civic entries and humanist drama, thanks to an interdisciplinary approach combining literary, historical and social elements.This analysis is primarily based on a thorough and comprehensive archive investigation, meant to extend our knowledge about theatrical mentions
Guihard-Lefeuvre, Gaël. "Bretagne et Bourgogne. Les relations politiques de deux États princiers à la fin du Moyen Âge 1364-1491." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0017.
Full textThis study covers a period of almost 130 years of relations between Brittany and Burgundy, two princely states developing in the Middle Ages. It focuses both on the content of these relations and on the means and men that helped establish them. While the primary focus is on politics, the study also takes a look at anything that might influence political decisions, particularly trade and military connections. The backdrop for this study is provided by the 100-year war, the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war, the development of a state apparatus in each of theses principalities and, starting in the middle of the 15th century, the growing influence of a crown intent on bringing the principalities to heel. Three periods need to be distinguished. The first period corresponds to the reign of Philip the Bold (1364-1404), duke of Burgundy, heir to the counts of Flanders. Philip the Bold forged ties with the various factions fighting for power in Brittany and thereby managed to establish himself as the arbiter in the conflicts in Brittany, and then as the regent of the dukedom in 1402. The second period covers the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war and looks at the dealings of the duke of Brittany and his entourage. The dukes of Burgundy and Brittany formed a lasting alliance, which constituted one of the most stable elements of their foreign policies. The last period (1435-1491) saw the French crown reassert its power. The dukes of Brittany and Burgundy were forced to tighten their alliance in order to confront the king. The alliance brought them some diplomatic success, but never stood the test of war
Galés, Françoise. "Des fortifications et des hommes : l'oeuvre des Foix-Béarn au XIVe siècle." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20067.
Full textLe, Strat-Lelong Sylvie. "Le comté de Bourgogne d'Eudes IV à Philippe de Rouvres (1330-1361) : une principauté en devenir." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1014.
Full textThe Dukes-Counts of Burgundy inherited in 1330 within a domain already well established, whose strengths espouse the axes of penetration of the relief, according to a diagonal southwest / northeast. Although only partially and temporarily dismembered at the option of boisterous successional divisions, it has had only minor changes, aimed at strengthening the territorial mesh. It relies on a network of former administrative provosts, castellanies and, incidentally, town halls. Its archaic character is offset by the reorganization, under Eudes IV, the competence of bailiffs, which results in a partition between two bailiwicks, Upstream and Downstream. The prince is also responsible for creating the gruerie, and implementation of accounting structures to optimize the circuit for the production and marketing of salt. The Dukes-Counts have fully used the resources of the feudalism to strengthen and expand their network of vassalage. They clash with the interests of large families - Faucogney, Montbéliard, Neuchâtel, Chalon-Arlay and Chalon-Auxerre - mistresses border positions whose power allows them to compete with the prince. The government of Eudes IV is traversed by strong tensions with the nobility of the County, victim of the affirmation of the Duke-Count policy. They are expressed regularly by the use of weapons in any part of the aristocracy, which finds support among neighboring princes and especially to the king of England. A relative easing occurs with the accession of Philip of Rouvres: it raises the emergence of new balances by offering to the great vassals to participate in the government of the province. Eudes IV, meanwhile, played against the barons the card of small and medium nobility, which he included to the machinery of power through the offices and the armed service. The number of rallies proves the achieved success of this modest nobility association policy to the financial impact of the prince’s domain, including income from the salt industry, originality of the province. However, the record of the assertion of princely power, still in full development in the county of Burgundy, is mixed. If the sovereignty of the prince is clearly affirmed in principle, it is not always effective in practice, even if the Dukes-Counts, especially Eudes IV, have focused all their efforts, notably by trying to create for their benefit a draft of political, judicial and economic space, extended to fiefdoms. These enterprises face the demands of a still alive feudal law, and suffer from the general economic conditions of the Hundred Years War, which forced the King of France to spare his strength by giving satisfaction to the great vassals against their prince. However, institutions are strengthened, particularly in relation to the exercise of justice. The war drives to redefine the functions of the officers and to create new ones. And major fact, the legislative and normative power of the prince entered mentalities. The land is fully prepared for the construction of the Burgundian state under the Valois dukes
Benveniste, Henriette. "Stratégies judiciaires et rapports sociaux d'après les plaidoiries devant la Chambre criminelle du Parlement de Paris : vers 1345-vers 1454." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010605.
Full textThe object of this study is the relations between classes or social groups, their attitudes towards the judicial machinery, as well as the problems of violence and justice as they appear through the pleadings before the criminal court of the parliament of paris in the end of the middle ages. The first part is dealing with the contemporaries, conceptions about law and their ideas of a king as a dispenser of justice or about the competence of the professionnals of law, as well as the references lawyers make to the different sources of law and their arguments on criminality. The second part concerns the relations of the parliament with the inferior courts and the personnel that serves royal justice, the problems that officers' behavior night create, the jurisdiction conflits and the contradictions of royal pardon. Pleading can also be considered as a "particular system of bringing evidence" and as a reflaxion of a cultural model; through the lawyers' rhetoric we can appreciate their arguments and the social values they illustrate, the importance and the meaning of the penalties mentioned. In the third part we examine certain crimes as they appear in the pleadings. Treason is revealing a political doctrine and pleadings on private wars demonstrate the modalities and the representations of medieval violence. Murders, theft, and plundery complete the image of this violence and allows to understand what differentiates medieval violence from every other type of violence, to show its role in the conceptual world of the pledges and its treatement by the parliament. By acts or by the expressin of an ideology the parliament participates in the process of the construction of a state
Gresser, Pierre. "La gruerie du comté de Bourgogne aux XIVe et XVe siècles." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL022.
Full textThe so-called 'gruerie' was created as an institution around 1335 by Eudes IV, duke and count of Burgundy. The aim behind this creation was to make it possible to administer and manage the woods and waterways on the prince's estates. The heyday of the 'gruerie' lasted from the middle of the 13th century until the death of Charles the bold in 1477. But the conquest of Franche-Comté by Louis XI, after the prince's death, had a stultiyind effect that lasted for several years. The officers working for the 'gruerie' were placed under the responsaibility of a senior officer called the 'gruyer'. Those officers were forestry specialists and wardens in charge of the ponds. Over a period of two centuries, there never were many of them. Their duties extended to rivers, ponds and broadleaf woods only. Angling, timber sales, pig-rearing in the woods, were lucrative activites for the counts of burgundy, but not as much as some others. Looked at from an ecological standpoint, the institution did nothing to alter the relationship of the inhabitants of the county (known as the 'comtois') with their natural environment
Lavaud, Sandrine. "Saint-Seurin : une grande seigneurie du Bordelais : XIVe-XVe siècles." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30003.
Full textSaint Seurin church is located in the ancient suburbs of Bordeaux, just north west of the historical city-center. Built in the VIth century on the first place of christian cult, it was a very famous sanctuary right from the beginning. Since the XIIth century, a collegiate chapter has been instituted in the church. In addition to its liturgical duties, this chapter had to administrate a large seigniory which was built up thanks to the pious legacies. We have focused on this Saint Seurin seigniory. Our study concentrates on the end of the middle-ages (XIV-XVth centuries), a period of history when archive-data are numerous. The monograph of the seigniory follows three directions: - the seigniory in its natural and seigniorial environnements. -the men of the seigniory: the lord ans his tenants. - the way of farming, which means the origin and nature of the rights held by the lord and the tenants over the tenures composing this seigniory
Louison, Lydie. "Le roman gothique : analyse des romans en vers des XIIIe et XIVe siècles dits "réalistes"." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31016.
Full textSavy, Nicolas. "La défense des villes et des bourgs du haut Quercy pendant la guerre de Cent ans : aspects militaires, politiques et socio-économiques." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1022.
Full textTowns and small towns of the High Quercy are a good subject for a general study about urban defences during the Hundred Year’s War : their archives and the studies concerning them are rather numerous to be effectively used in connection with the most recent works of urban history and military history. Facing a mobile and rather well organized enemy, consulates defined important programs of fortification, but they had to take into account strong political and financial constraints to implement them ; the protection of the back-countries was even more difficult to realize. Within this framework, the choices made by the municipalities mainly explain the way in which the royal capacity considered the defence of the province, and finally happened to expel the enemy troops of it. The setting in defence had for first consequence an unprecedented reinforcement of the legal and tax powers of consulates, but it is through the management of the watch that the consular world took powerful ascending on the population. The guard was also at the origin of important economic losses, but, for these societies which had largely integrated the war, it was there only one of the multiple consequences of defence. The municipalities tried despite everything to fight against the perverse effects of the calamities, but they could not prevent important social changes from occurring. During the conflict, the consular elites used their political positions to maintain their situations privileged compared to the remainder of the population ; on the strategic level, the economic and military roles of the strengthened city were specified
Thomas, Nicolas. "Les ateliers urbains de travail du cuivre et de ses alliages au bas Moyen Âge : archéologie et histoire d'un site parisien du XIVe siècle dans la Villeneuve du Temple, 1325-1350." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010615.
Full textKopp, Vanina Madeleine. "Der königh und die bücher : sammlung, nutzung und funktion der königlichen bibliothek am spätmittelalterlichen hof in Frankreich." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0073.
Full textThe royal library, known as the "librairie du Louvre", was the royal book collection, assembled in small rooms on three levels of a Louvre tower. About 900 manuscripts were in the library, which made it the biggest non-clerical library in the West. At the centre of my research, I study the following question: How and when was the collection of books and knowledge in the Louvre Library used by the French kings for cultural or political operations? 1demonstrate in a historical perspective how, in addition to a bibliophile aspect, the library made a political contribution to the development of the "religion royale" and the legitimation of royalty. This dissertation challenges several theoretical and methodological approaches to capture the different dimensions of the Louvre Library. I try to contextualise the subject in different fields of research in order to infer some general information on the use of books. 1focus on the virtually existing medieval library in order to contextualise and historicise the function it had at the French court. Following a historical anthropological approach, I concentrate on the use of the book collection and the use of texts. In this project 1show that the Louvre Library, the use of the texts by the kings and the circulation of the books served to accumulate arguments in favour of the king's politics, strengthen the legitimisation of the dynasty and disseminate this content. The functional character of the Louvre Library fits into a larger politics of circulations, commands and acquisitions. These cultural and courtly processes strengthened the monarchic ideology and contributed to the construction of the image of a wise king
Legrand, Franck. "Gens d'armes et art de la guerre dans le sud-ouest de la France (1337-1380) : oppositions et spécificités." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30023.
Full textThis thesis focuses on some military aspects in South-western France in the early years of the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1380), such as framework and strength, pays and art of warfare. It assesses the respective armies of the Valois King of France and of the King of England, Duke of Aquitany which rule the area between 1346 and 1356, and of the Viscount of Béarn as well. Specificities of the South-western part of France can be noticed on all sides, such as particular classes of men-at-arms (crossbowmen, serjeants and horsemen of lower value) or particular rates of wages. Thus, the Anglo-gascon soldiers are more like their French and Bearnese opponents than their English brothers in arms for the composition of troops, recruiting (contracts) and art of warfare. There would be a common provincial military identity, so to speak, between Gascony and Languedoc. Of course, each side have its own specificities: a great efficiency for Plantegenêt’s troops, a better organization and a larger number of soldiers for the French, with Gaston Fébus looking like a sort of synthesis of both. Common evolutions are noticeable on each side, and not only in South-western France, with the English often acting as the forerunners. From ca 1360 on officering structures (territorial commands, “auxiliarisation” and homogenization in the companies) and pay processes are simplified. Tactics of the victorious English armies (dismounted fights combined with archery) are copied and adaptated. Anglo-gascons are less interested in French practices (except for marshalls). But some areas seem immutable, such as siege warfare despite the development of the powder artillery
Lémeillat, Marjolaine. "Les gens de savoir en Bretagne à la fin du Moyen Âge (fin XIIIe-XVe siècle)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0082.
Full textPeople of science, bishops and canons, abbots and monks, chancelors and secretaries, bailiffs and seneschals, prosecutors and atorneys, notaries and professors, medical practitioners, make the most part of the high-clergy, the justice people and the ducal administrative executives in Britanny, at the end of the Middle Ages.Mostly trained in law in universities of the Kingdom of France (Paris, Angers), many come back to make a carreer in the duchy, serving the Church, the Justice, the duke and his administration, contributing to their developpement from the end of the 14th century and during the 15th century. In their tasks, they do not neglect their own professionnal and personnal success, some cumulating positions and incomes.This study tracks back their origins, their career path, their aspirations, their successes and failures in securing a position in society and beyond, also enlightening on the workings of the various professionnal branches in which they evolve
Jouët, Valérie. "Et un temps pour parler. . . : la communication orale sous le règne de Charles VI : le témoignage de la Chronique du Religieux de Saint-Denis." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010505.
Full textStudy of the oral communication in the chronique du religieux de Saint-Denis, chronicle of the reign of Charles VI (1380-1422), composed in the Saint-Denis abbey by the monk Michel Pintoin. The thesis is developping 4 directions 1- Study of the vocabulary of the oral communication particulary some words : rumor, sermo, publicare, voce preconia, praedicare, collatio. . . 2- Study of the orators and particulary the princes and the members of the university of Paris 3- The oral informations of Michel pintoin 4- The work of the monk, with special part about the translation of two orations : vivat rex of Jean Gerson and accipe sanctum gladium of Philippe de Villette
Roussel, Claude. "La Belle Hélène de Constantinople : chanson de geste du XIVe siècle." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040014.
Full textA chanson de geste probably composed towards the middle of the XIVth century by an author well acquainted with Flanders and the Artois and in whose language many features characteristic of Picardy can be found, "La Belle Hélène de Constantinople" as we have it consists of three complete manuscripts and a short fragment. The present work is the first complete critical edition of this long epic poem of 15. 538 alexandrines. The accompanying literary study aims and situating the text among the numerous medieval writings making use of the same story, of folk origin, from the XIIIth to the XVth century. It is composed of two parts: the first is devoted to the nuclear tale, characterized by the association of three fundamental motifs (incestuous father, persecuted young woman falsely accused of having given birth to a monster, mutilation of hands) and to its medieval adaptations. The second part analyses the choices imposed by the "epic" treatment of the subject: central place of religion, massive insertion of war episodes, use of the formal devices of the epic (laisses of alexandrines, appeals to the public, formular style, etc. )
Tuttle, Liêm. "La justice pénale devant la Cour de Parlement, de Saint Louis à Charles IV (vers 1230-1328)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020052.
Full textAs early as the reign of St. Louis, criminal justice represents a major part of the work of the Court of the King. Indeed, from the middle of the thirteenth century, while a true “State of law” is being developed, especially through its daily activities, the number of criminal cases risen before it increases steadily. Their settlement becomes soon an area where a specific judicial policy is adopted, of which it is necessary to determine the objectives, the means and the outcome. The judicial decisions taken by what is becoming the “Parliament”, tend to fall in line with the ideas of that time about the duties of the monarchy concerning the punishment of offenses and the maintaining of peace, while revealing that the judges are confronted on a regular basis to the difficulties posed by the composite character of the judiciary, and the entanglement of customs, privileges and personal laws. Applying justice consistently with the ideals of the monarchy makes it a necessity and a prerequisit to set a judicial and legal framework, respectful for acquired rights, but also binding for criminal judges of the kingdom. The sovereign court forces them to respect a number of principles, partly inherited from those it itself defines, in its own developing procedure, as the fundamentals of the criminal trial. The way to solve the disorder caused by the criminal act becomes essential: after defining the elements necessary for the attribution of a punishable offense, the court applies and enforces penalties that are always meticulously “arbitrated” accordingly to the damage and to the guilt. Thus, the prosecution of crimes, the settlement between judges in criminal matters, or between the judges and private persons are all privileged areas for the defense of “public good”: through those, the court makes sure that “crimes do not go unpunished”, even if room is always left for mercy, and will be dealt with through law, that is through a royal criminal law in accordance with “what justice recommends”
Bulté, Cécile. "Images dans la ville. Décors monumentaux et identités urbaines en France à la fin du Moyen Age." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040172.
Full textWhether royal lily or Christian cross, the space of medieval towns is characterized by the marks placed on it by medieval institutions.At the end of the Middle-Ages, the new urban elites make the process of marking the city their own by imposing their own signs onthe public space. Thus, they assert their presence on the public and artistic scene. In the 14th and 15th century, civilian decorationbecomes the tangible expression of this social transformation ; emblems and small sculptural figures conquer the urban space. Anemblematic edifice, the town hall, is erected by the municipal institution, whose emblazoned portal echo other emblems placed atstrategic locations. Private citizens, in turn, transplant into their homes these monumental modes of representation. Officers ormerchants – these men of a new kind – cover their residences with coats of arms, religious or emblematic figures. By linking them toa profession, an institution or a parish, these decorative programs state the social standing and moral values that those affluentcommissioners claim for themselves. By presenting their personal insignia, their motto or their name, they put their identity on stage,thereby introducing fragments of subjectivity in the public and urban space. Some singular and radical small figures begin toproliferate: exposed, naked bodies, grotesque and allegorical scenes that foreshadow one’s possible downfall in order to exalt one’scurrent status. Structured and hierarchically organized, these decors form a relational system in which social promotion dialogueswith exclusion : telltale signs of a social order in transformation
Bartholeyns, Gil. "Naissance d'une culture des apparences : le vêtement en Occident, XIIIe-XIVe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210550.
Full textLe développement s’attache au changement radical d’attitudes à l’égard du vêtement dans les communautés chrétiennes du Bas-Empire romain du IIe au IVe siècle ;à l’institutionnalisation des apparences chrétiennes au haut Moyen Age ;à la métaphore du vêtement comme grande figure explicative des mythes chrétiens ;au statut anthropologique du vêtement dans la pensée et les pratiques médiévales ;à l’histoire de la valeur de l’objet technique et corporel ;aux modèles de consommation des biens de luxe ;au gouvernement politique par les apparences à la fin du Moyen Âge ;aux causes de la transformation des formes du vêtement jusqu’à la naissance du phénomène de mode. Toutes les sources (théologie, littérature populaire, comptabilité, archives judiciaires, images) sont convoquées, parfois de manière quantitative. Lorsque c’est possible le raisonnement procède par inversion :mettre en lumière des situations ponctuelles par l’arrière-plan normatif ou affectif, comprendre les phénomènes de longue durée ou les contradictions internes à une société au moyen de cas précis (une controverse, par exemple). Une expérience de description « intégrée » du récit historique est donc tentée, séparant le moins possible les « univers » (le social, l’économique, le symbolique, l’esthétique…) qui forment d’un seul tenant une culture. Si l’on souhaite faire une histoire du vêtement médiéval, il n’est pas dit que les moments, les pratiques ou les auteurs interrogés appartiennent à ce que l’on appelle couramment le Moyen Âge.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Colombani, Philippe. "Les corses et la couronne d’Aragon fin XIIIe- milieu XVe siècle. Projets politiques et affrontement des légitimités." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0012/document.
Full textThe claims of the Crown of Aragon on Corsica go back to 1297, the year Pope Boniface VIII, eager to form an alliance with King James II of Aragon, bestowed on him the opportunely-created Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica. It was for the King to turn this theoretical allegiance into an effective domination. During the first half of the XIV Century, the Catalan-Aragonese concentrated their efforts on Sardinia but found it hard to impose their rule on Corsica, where the Commune of Genoa already had many strongholds. Corsicans, caught in the midst of this conflict opposing two great Mediterranean powers, were careful not to choose sides hastily. The lords of the island first made alliances with those rival suzerains, in an attempt to favour their own seigneuries. The situation changed radically after 1358, when the Corsican peoples rebelled against their lords and obtained the help of the Commune of Genoa, which then took the control of Northern Corsica, now “Terra del Commune”.Rejecting this popular – and Genovese- legitimacy, some “Cinarchesi” barons succeeded in reconquering their Southern seigneuries, with the help of the King of Aragon, the enemy of Genoa and lawful suzerain. This changed the very nature of the Aragonese alliance – initially meant as a diplomatic covenant between two foreign powers, it now became a major issue inside Corsican society. Corsican lords, such as Arrigo della Rocca or Vincentellod’Istria, emerged as leaders of a royalist party, opposed to Genoa and benefitting from the help of the Crown of Aragon. For them, the alliance was also an asset in their own plan to turn Corsica into one single seigneury. The island became the scene of many a clash between competitive political agendas, in which each player – both local and foreign, tried to assert its claim to rule Corsica.Studying the ties formed between Corsicans and the Crown of Aragon from the XIII Century to the XV Century amounts to analyzing the situation from two perspectives – a Mediterranean one, which comprehends Corsica in the vast conflict between Genoa and Aragon and aims to understand the nature of the political plan of the Crown of Aragon as regarded Corsica, and a local one, which focuses on the extent to which Corsicans absorbed the Aragonese reality. The latter perspective highlights the specificities and evolutions of Corsican political culture and, in particular, issues such as the legitimacy of power and its representation.My research is, for the most part, based on documents from theArchivo de la Corona de Aragón in Barcelona, so far hardly exploited as regards Corsica, and in particular on the registers of the Cancilleria Real. Aragonese sources are confronted with Corsican, Italian and Catalan chronicles, as well as with the documents from the Archivio di Stato di Genova, in order to present as many different perspectives and axes of study as possible
Serra, Angelique. "Le réseau éducatif à Briançon : de la République des Escartons (1343) à la fin du XIXème siècle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20138.
Full textWhile dealing with the history of State Education for boys at large, the study undertaken focusses on one particular case, that of Briançon, an Alpine town located in the north of the “Hautes-Alpes” district.Over centuries, Briançon and the surrounding area had the benefit of high levels of literacy along with a keen interest in teaching going back to the Middle Ages with the establishment of a specific political system commonly referred to today as the Escartons Republic (1343-1789). Under this Republic, a novel school system run by the town was created.Based on local history data as well as the collection of municipal school archives available in Briançon -which we filed in the process- and also drawing on departmental and national archives, our research allows us first of all to trace the beginnings of this local education system back to the Middle Ages and then to describe this vanguard school system while comparing it to other existing school systems in France under the Old Regime.Next, our study looks at what happened to this unique system once the 'Escartons' came to an end during the French Revolution. In the 19th century, when new laws allowed for schooling to be organised throughout the country, did the Briançon school system manage to retain some aspects of its structure and former specificity? Along with its primary education, the town of Briançon set up a broader school system by first adding a secondary school and then an upper primary school. Did those schools conform to ministerial directives or did they combine local specificity and national requirements ? The study shows that for the first half of the century, they kept aspects of what set them apart from other schools but that, as time went on, they tended to blend into the general system.It is the intention of this thesis to demonstrate how, for any given people, access to education can be an essential prerequisite on the road to freedom, at a time when education is still a privilege for some. In Briançon, paradoxically, when the republic became nationwide, it deprived its school system of the innovative spirit that had been its trademark
Chaigne-Legouy, Marion. "Femmes au « coeur d’homme » ou pouvoir au féminin ? : Les duchesses de la seconde Maison d’Anjou (1360-1481)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040204.
Full textThis PhD thesis is based on the specificity of the history of the second House of Anjou (1360-1481) characterized in each generation by moments of discontinuity in which women find themselves in state governing positions as regents, lieutenants or vice-regents. This princely French dynasty offers a unique opportunity to observe and analyze a phenomenon that was in the developing stages both judicially and practically at the end of the Middles Ages, namely the exercise of political power by sovereigns who were not supposed to govern. Due to the increasing variety of existing sources, this study will also assess the administrative progress or institutional developments in the principalities where the Duchesses were involved in governing. The Duchesses have also been instrumental in the territorial expansions of their states, enabling the articulation of a common history for areas traditionally studied independently: Anjou, Provence, Barrois, Lorena, and Naples. The study, spanning over a century, draws on the dialectic of individual existence and collective destiny in order to offer a new interpretation to issues concerning women’s identity and political actions. These issues are analyzed using multiple approaches (political, anthropologic, legal, judicial, and quantitative) and various themes (finances, entourages, governing of constitutional bodies, war, diplomatic affairs). As a result, the analysis sheds light on the mechanisms and dynamics by which, on one hand, these princesses exert their authority as men’s equal, as women « with a man’s heart », while on the other hand, forced by their gender’s moral, intellectual and judicial imposed constraints, they adopt a governing style specifically feminine, exalt particular virtues or even change the rules of ordinary politics
Mohseni, Saber. "Réception de Hâfez de Chirâz en France : examen critique de la première traduction intégrale française du Divân de Hâfez." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF011/document.
Full textThis thesis intends to offer a “traductological critique” of the first complete translation of the Divan of Hafiz in French, which, upon its publication, aroused both admiration and criticism and earned its translator, Charles-Henri de Fouchécour, several literary awards and titles. In the first part, entitled "In Search of the translator," we focus on C. H. de Fouchécour as a researcher and specialist in classical Persian literature and translator of the Divan of Hafiz. In the first chapter, we examine his career from its beginning, to reveal how he approaches and presents Persian works. The second chapter is devoted to the translator that is C. H. de Fouchécour and reveals how he conceives translation, the specific perspective he adopted to translate the Divan of Hafiz and finally his “horizon traductif”, in other words the situation of the poetic translation in France and especially the history of the translation of Hafiz’s poems in French. The second part of this research, "Translation and poetry", is devoted to the source text and the translated text; that is to say, in the third chapter, we present a new reading of the Hafizian thought, paying a special attention to the form of his poetry. In the fourth chapter, having established a three-dimensional method of comparison, based to the reading presented in the previous chapter, we compare five ghazals of Hafiz with their French translations by A. Guy, G. Lazard and C. H. de Fouchécour
Richard, Stéphanie. "Vies et morts des couples. Les séparations conjugales princières (Deuxième Maison d’Orléans, XIVe-XVe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040164.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the topic of marital separation in its various forms; it aims at analyzing the behaviors which are implemented by spouses of higher nobility on such occasions. The phrase marital separation may be used to designate a wide range of configurations: for example, when husband and wife, though still married, are not living together, or when a marriage comes to an end, all these situations being reached through a legal process or not. This research is especially based on a thorough analysis examining the couples of the Second House of Orleans in the 14th and 15th centuries, as the marital lives of these Dukes and Duchesses provide a large sample of possible cases of separation. The research shows that the realities associated with marriage and married life are much more complex than what ecclesiastical and secular rules suggest on these matters. Another purpose of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the conjugal structure in princely aristocracy and of how married couples work. Therefore, the study sheds light on the solidarities shared by spouses when their separation does not derive from their own will to part. It shows that married couples are primarily defined by economic bonds between husband and wife. This work also highlights the possible autonomy enjoyed by spouses, in society and towards each other, in the cases where at least one of them intends to adjourn cohabitation or wants to put an end to their marriage
Quéré, Sylvie. "Le discours politique des États de Languedoc à la fin du Moyen Âge (1346-1484)." Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5240/1/D2393.pdf.
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