Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poitou (France) – Histoire – 15e siècle'
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Krumenacker, Yves. "Les protestants du Poitou au XVIIIe siècle (1681-1789)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010612.
Full textFollowing a brief introduction to the geography of the area and to the reofrmation during the 16th and 17th centuries, this piece of work presents : detailed study of the years 1681-1685 ; the policy of persecution from 1686 to 1789, and the coming of religious tolerance. Catholic attemps to convert protestants are also presented. A demographic study shaws that the majority of the population remained protestant. Regular worship was successfully established by 1730, whereas churches were re-established from around 1739. Doctrine was propogated via schools, religious instruction, books, prayers, and sermons. God was presented as severe, demanding conversion, but forgiving his choses ones. An evolution towards a more sanctimonious religion, possibly influenced by pietism. Protestant identity is noticable by analysis of population trends (non observance of catholic practices e. G. Marriage and child-conception); in anti-catholic stories of persecutions: provocative attitudes (desecrations) : the (partial) use of old testatment Christian names; and the greater literacy of protestants. On the whole, the co-existence of the two communities remained peaceful - a common culture united the Poitevins the application of the edict of tolerance in 1788 especially satisfied the richer sections of the population (bourgeois, ploughmen)
Guillon-Guépin, Armelle. "De l'administration des anciennes villes de commune du Poitou au XVIIIè siècle." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT3011.
Full textThe reforms undergone by the body of cities beginning with the reign of Louis XIV had for effect the alteration of the old forms handed down from their history. If, at first, the only end of these modifications is to misappropriate the municipal finances for the profit of the royal treasury, at the end of the eighteenth century, a more political intention emerges : the will to make the French participate in decision making on a national level. Meanwhile, insensitive to all these changes, the mayors and the municipal magistrates of the cities continue to fulfill their missions in the service of the inhabitants under the benevolent supervision of the administrator
Mathieu, Maurice. "Les Poitevins et la République (septembre 1870 - juillet 1914) : le passage d'une société traditionnelle à la modernité politique." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010566.
Full textSlowly acceding to modernity, the vienne after 1870, doesn't easily rally 6to the republic. The republican conquest comes up indeed against a strong resistance from the conservative, monarchist and bonapartist parties, and from their support, the catholic church. It finally achieves its goal after a considerable effort of political pedagogy remarkably adapted to collective psychology and thanks to the flawless determination of the government in office from 1877, to break down the old conservatrice hold. Overcoming the economic difficulties and the crises at the end of the 19th century, the republic, never less, succeeds in consolidating its establishment and benefiting from the consensus of the "poitevins" in favour of a laic and, at the same time, moderate democracy. The conditions of mutation of "la vienne" seem to be in keeping with the features of its physical geography and with the organization of its human life. Above all, they translate the effects of the sociological weight as a whole and they bear the imprint of a history which has seldom been violent, but never the less contradictory and passionate
Gauvard, Claude. "Une question d'Etat et de société : violence et criminalité en France à la fin du Moyen-Age." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010624.
Full textJudiciary records from parliament, chancellery, Parisian provotship have a political and social meaning. Crime is conceived as a blot in a still traditional society as well as a disorder in a political space enlarged until realm's frontiers by the growing state. Because of crises and war, crime is a subject for propaganda. Using computer methods, the king's letters of pardon give quantitative results. Criminals are overwhelmingly from male sex. Their actions are independent from places, ages, social and psychological possibilities. Crime takes place among familiar faces and involves relatives (blood and marriage) who are connected by a natural affection; it involves contractual relationships too. In this very exclusive society where hate is a very important feeling, violence is ordered by collective rituals and implicit laws. Violence is not unprovoked. Homicide is prevalent (much more half of crimes) but it is the necessary resolution of a conflict where motions and words, especially sexual insults, are foregoing. Even in the north of the realm men of all conditions make it a point of honour. Crime’s hierarchy bears out this statement. Blood crimes are the most easy to pardon, but the crimes which destroy inviolable values are difficult. Nevertheless king's power is still merciful and strict, though capital punishment is becoming clear
Auzary, Bernadette. "Fluctuat nec mergitur : la Prévôté des Marchands et l'urbanisme parisien au XVe siècle d'après la jurisprudence du Parlement (1380-1500)." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040027.
Full textThis study concerning the provostship's activity in Parisian town planning matters during the XVth century results of the civil decisions of the parliament of Paris. The investigation is based on the "reconstituted file" doctained by gathering the different types of sources found in the various records: "arrêts et juges, plaidoiries, decisions du conseil et accords". During the XVth century, the provostship has been progressively invested which the totality of the town's management. The merchant institution, born in the wealth of the XIIIth century, will have to deal with a war economy. Although she had been created to preserve the merchant class' privileges, her destination will be totally different during the XVth century : the merchant activity being relegated to a position of secondary importance, all efforts are at that moment concentrated on the defense of the town against the English threat. New attributions will appear which are going to change her nature and composition considerably: jurists are largely substituting for the merchants. The study of the litigation concerning town planning matters in which the municipality is involved shows clearly the seizure of the state service on merchant institution. This substitution of personnel testifies in fact a profound transformation of the provostship which will, at the conclusion of that difficult period, become a real town council
Michelin, Bernard. "Pont-Audemer, une petite ville de Normandie à la Renaissance, 1477-1551." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040092.
Full textSources used for this thesis were 57 annual accounting books established by the city receivers of public money (‘'aides''), from 1477 to 1552. Hundreds of related fiscal documents were also used. These sources are today bound in ten registers totalling 3,000 pages. The 1,800 articles of income and 3,200 articles of expense were entered in a computer database to treat the set of information statistically. These exceptional sources allow us to understand the institutional, political, social and financial story of this little city in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. During that period of time, called ‘'La Renaissance'', Pont-Audemer was a fortified city and a royal city. The relations between the royal sovereigns and the city (known from about a hundred royal acts and requests of the inhabitants) were good, although the city did not respect instructions on the amounts of money to be devoted to the fortification. Pont-Audemer benefited from two major privileges : the dispense from ordinary annual imposition (‘'taille'') and the right to collect ‘'aides'', which were taxes on goods and salt. The city was ruled by some royal officers (the captain and the lieutenants of the bailliff of Rouen), the general assemblies of the inhabitants and the city council (9 to 13 members). The urban society and the local events of this period have also been studied. Over 75 years (1477-1552), the twelve receivers in charge of the municipal finances succeeded in weighing up the annual average expenses (1,567 ‘'livres tournois'') with the annual average revenues (1,612 livres). The most important expenses were the ordinary expenses (40 %), the expenses for fortification (20 %) and the money occasionally required by the kings (16 %), all of which represent ¾ of the total annual expenses. A final chapter of this thesis has been devoted to the salaries and the usual prices of the goods at that time. A catalogue of acts and its index are presented in volume II. The transcriptions of 4 accounting books and over 100 original documents are presented in volume III
Kanao, Takemi. "Le messager à la cour de Bourgogne à la fin du Moyen Âge." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040054.
Full textThe Valois of Burgundy in the later middle ages didn't establish any organization exclusivity for the communication system. The duke's stablemen composed a large part of this activity and the messengers on foot, professional and local, supplemented them in the Burgundian Netherlands. Those two principal couriers were registered on equal terms in the account book, but in reality they were essentially different. The stablemen were men at horse, though situated at the lower end of their society, but the messengers on foot were really modest people. To the former, the receivers regulated payments based on the fixed daily salary, but to the latter, they decided wages at each occasion. The messengers on foot, without common visible symbol, didn't organize their own corporation. The duke's government engaged them by a belief. That means, no establishment for this purpose was strictly structured in the Burgundian states. The duke and his government didn't organize a permanent communication net-work among the cities
Paviot, Jacques. "La politique navale des ducs de Bourgogne (1384-1482)." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040186.
Full textIn the first chapter, the maritime institutions are studied: admiralties of flanders, and of artois, boulonnais, zeeland, holland and friesland; maritime justice; water bailiffs of sluis and of arnemuiden. The second chapter considers the projects of invasion of england (1385-1388), then the passive attitude of the dukes with the english to 1435. There were naval armaments for the conquest of holland, zeeland and friesland (1425-1428), but not as important as those for the siege of calais (1436), that was a failure. With the peace of arras and the renewing of economic relations with england, duke philip the good was free to involve himself in the crusade: he sent help to rhodes (1441), to constantinople (1444), and took part in the aborted crusade of 1464. The fourth chapter is devoted again to the relations with england and france: norman provocations (14351469), war against warwick (1470), and against king louis xi of france (1470-1482). The fifth chapter presents the policy towards economic interests (wine fleets, fishery) and the maritime disagreements with european powers (problem of the captures on sea with england, relations with the hanse). The last chapter presents the means of the navla policy of the dukes of burgugndy: ports, ships, artillery, men
Sarrazin, Jean-Luc. "La campagne et la mer : les pays du littoral poitevin au Moyen Age (fin XIIe siècle - milieu XVe siècle)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040292.
Full textThe thesis presents a study of littoral countries of Poitou between the great expansion that hat taken place during the central years of the middle ages and the relative ending of the ordeals of the XIVth and XVth centuries. It consists in three parts. The first one (prolegomena) describes the geographical components especially the lay-out of the coast and the link between the ocean and the sea-side countries. The second one (book i: expanding and organization of the space - around 1170; around 1340) is the core of the work where are studied the genesis of the marais poitevin, the salt marshes spreading, the conquest of the intended coastline as well as production and seigniorial structures. Towards the beginning of the XIVth century the huge development effort leads to a high con, trol of the environment and to an exceptional occupation of the whole coastline. The third part (book II: crisis and strengthening -around 1340; around 1460-) deals with a study of the ordeals which affect the region starting from 1346-1350 (insecurity, plagues). This part puts into light the firmness of the seigniory which goes through the turmoil without major damage. The main themes studied are: organization of the coastline, control of the waters, salt production means, social and seigniorial structures, peasants agitations
Rendu, Anne-Thérèse. "Comptes d'exploitation des mines de Pampailly et Joux en Lyonnais : comptes de Pierre Granier (1454-1457) (Arch. nat. KK 329)." Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA010255.
Full textViallet, Ludovic. "Groupes cléricaux et monde des lai͏̈cs à Romans (vers 1280 - vers 1530) : une société en équilibre." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE29027.
Full textSantinelli, Emmanuelle. "Veuves et veuvage, de la Flandre au Poitou, de la fin du VIe à la fin du XIe siècle." Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL30025.
Full textKerhervé, Jean. "Finances et gens de finances des ducs de Bretagne, 1365-1491." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040006.
Full textFrom 1365, when the dynasty was set on the throne, to 1491 when Ann of Brittany married king Charles 8, the dukes of the house of Montfort devoted themselves to found in Brittany a state endowed with financial means matching its political ambitions. Their effort aimed at modernizing the institutional machinery, and the techniques of financial management, with the treble prospect of estimates, and budgetary and accountancy control, of knowledge of the Breton territory and sovereignty over it, of optimum exploitation, under the circumstances of the day, of state resources, and above all, of financial possibilities of their country. Their enterprise of centralization was largely backed and relayed by a dynamic administration constantly growing in number. Born of the most diverse Breton social strata, especially of the plethoric middle or lower aristocracy, its members carried out their task with all the more conviction as, while serving the interests of their princes, they also served their own. They contributed to turn Brittany, on the eve of its return to France, into a modern state, open to innovations, and accustomed to the monarchic methods of centralization, just like the kingdom
Gorochov, Nathalie. "Le collège de Navarre de sa fondation (1305) au début du XVème siècle : histoire de l'institution, de sa vie intellectuelle et de son recrutement." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010655.
Full textThe foundation of the College could be studied with the texts of the statues written by the queen Jeanne de Navarre (in 1305) and by her executors (in 1315). The queen conceived a very original project with the organization of courses in the college, courses intended for the 70 bursars that the fundation has to receive. The institution doesn't function very well during the first half century of its history (1rst part of the thesis: 1315-1418), as the processes which oppose bursars and candidates to bursaries of the 1340 years can prove it. The 280 bursars before 1360 aren't well known the second part of the thesis concern the history of the college during its reformation and the reign of charles v (1356-1380) and is based on the analysis of several important. Acts of the parlement and the royal chancellery charles v brings the college closer to the royal power, giving the choice of the bursars to his confessor. The study of the 225 bursaries of his reign shows that the recruitment is now turned towards the formation of humanists and servitors of the state. During the reign of charles vi (3rd par of the the sis), the college has a new place in the university and in the realm
Le, Roy Hervé. "Aspects de l'idéologie politique en Bretagne à travers les chroniqueurs (XIVè-XVè siècles)." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1D009.
Full textThe mediaval breton chroniciers tried to promote a specific historiography to sustain theirs dukes'claims to indemendance but several obstacles compelled them to reduce theirs claims. The legendary sources cannot assert an absolute unique originality of the bretons : these people pretend to be equal to other great european peoples after their common trojan ancestry. The armorique princes, according to chronicles, must keep a restraint attitude towards their king for feudal, sentimental and family ties prevent any absolute rupture. Alain bouchart dare not expose too openly the pernicious influence of french aristocrats on the last duke, francois ii, to avoid any claim from the king about the deserters to brittany. He, particularly, put the blame for the final disaster upon landais, a favourite to francois ii before becoming his master and a tyrant to his country because of the guilty renunciation of the king. Here appeard the modernity of the attitude of bouchard, a contemporary to commynes, in a period of realistic renewing of the notion of tyranny ou of religions field and emphasizing the rightful opposition of official bodies (aristocrats and officers) to dictatorship
Gresser, Pierre. "La gruerie du comté de Bourgogne aux XIVe et XVe siècles." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL022.
Full textThe so-called 'gruerie' was created as an institution around 1335 by Eudes IV, duke and count of Burgundy. The aim behind this creation was to make it possible to administer and manage the woods and waterways on the prince's estates. The heyday of the 'gruerie' lasted from the middle of the 13th century until the death of Charles the bold in 1477. But the conquest of Franche-Comté by Louis XI, after the prince's death, had a stultiyind effect that lasted for several years. The officers working for the 'gruerie' were placed under the responsaibility of a senior officer called the 'gruyer'. Those officers were forestry specialists and wardens in charge of the ponds. Over a period of two centuries, there never were many of them. Their duties extended to rivers, ponds and broadleaf woods only. Angling, timber sales, pig-rearing in the woods, were lucrative activites for the counts of burgundy, but not as much as some others. Looked at from an ecological standpoint, the institution did nothing to alter the relationship of the inhabitants of the county (known as the 'comtois') with their natural environment
Blanchard, Jean-Christophe. "L'armorial d'André de Rineck : un manuscrit messin du XVème siècle (Vienne, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 3336)." Nancy 2, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc419/2003NAN21025_1.pdf.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is primarily devoted to the edition of André de Rineck's armorial (Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 3336), a late XVth century armorial from the city of Metz. It includes a detailed description of the manuscript (codicological description, content analysis, biographical sketch of the previous owners), a scientific edition, a transcript of the textual material in the manuscript and in three additionnal related armorials placed in appendix. This previously unpublished material provides a major contribution to our knowledge of heraldics in Metz and within the Lorraine province. Tracing its line of descent hints at the existence of at least two previous armorials that are no longer extent. This manuscript is a rare testimony to heraldic activity at the Lorraine's court. Also, it testifies to the importance that Metz patricians granted to armorials among other intellectual, social and political issues. It appears tha Metz elite circle, sharing a deep concern for civic independance and recognition of their nobility as safeguarding this independance, used armorial as a manifesto to that effect. Our research put in the limelight the significance of medieval armorials as crucial socio-political documents
Saliou, Clément. "Vie théâtrale dans le Nord-Ouest de la France (Bretagne, Pays de la Loire, Poitou, Aunis) du XIIIe au XVIe siècle." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20031.
Full textThis PhD research studies drama and the dramatic culture in Latin, French and Breton in northwestern France from the 13th century to the very beginning of the 17th century. It encompasses liturgical drama, mystery plays, farces, morality plays, civic entries and humanist drama, thanks to an interdisciplinary approach combining literary, historical and social elements.This analysis is primarily based on a thorough and comprehensive archive investigation, meant to extend our knowledge about theatrical mentions
Ragnard, Isabelle. "Etude et édition critique de quatre chansonniers de la première moitié du XVe siècle : manuscrits Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Nouvelles acquisitions françaises 4379 (deuxième et troisième sections), Nouv. acq. fr. 6771 (troisième section) et Nouv. acq. fr. 4917." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2026.
Full textFrêlon, Elise. "Le parlement de Bordeaux et la loi : 1451-1547." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020047.
Full textFargeix, Caroline. "Les élites lyonnaises au miroir de leur langage : recherches sur les pratiques et les représentations culturelles des conseillers de Lyon du XVe siècle, d'après les registres de délibérations consulaires." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/fargeix_c.
Full textLemaître, Nicole. "Paroisses du Rouergue flamboyant : le clergé et les paroisses du diocèse de Rodez (1417-1563)." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010606.
Full textDauphant, Léonard. "« Toute France ». Construction et représentations de l'espace politique français au XVe siècle (1380-1514)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040156.
Full textDuring the 15th century, the French nation emerged and the unification of the country progressively took place, under the rule of the royal state. The question of how to control the territory, in both its intellectual and practical dimensions, was made more urgent by the troubles caused by the Hundred Years’ War. How, in the 15th century, could a King of France visualize his kingdom ? How was he able to govern it ? The territorialisation of power, oscillating between representation and real occupation, became progressively clearer. Differentiated social spaces emerged, depending on whether the regions were directly governed by the King or were entrusted to governors, be it a Prince or a Parliament. At the time when the monarchy gained overall control over the territory within the limits defined by four rivers (Scheldt, Meuse, Saone, Rhone), political society organised itself in a state constituted by offices ruled by royal law. Royal unity and diverging regional structures combined themselves into an original type of nation-state, a mixed territorial state, unitary and heterogeneous at the same time
Mas, Jean-Paul. "L'oeuvre de Philippe de Vigneulles : du vécu au récit (journal, chronique, tomes III et IV, recueil de nouvelles)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF20018.
Full textOur study proposes first a thematic then a structural reading of cent nouvelles nouvelles by philippe de vigneulles (1471-1528), a metz droper. His work, the product of the oral middle-class culture of the early 16th century, may be understood in the light of his "historical" works: on autobiographical narrative (journal) and a chronicle of metz. After having analysed the particular features of each of the narratives (which concord in their approach to reality) and resolved the problems of method raised during their reading (chapter 1), the events chronicled in metz were re-examined in the light of the author's view of his own society (chapter 2). The analysis of themes and motifs in the narratives shows that their author adopts the values present in his historical works, but using the comic mode. He contests neither the social hierarchy nor the socio-economic and political systems of his day. He does however imagine a nonaggressive society freed from any supernatural manifestation: the dream of the merchant class on its quest for material wealth and new worlds to conquer. Chapter 4 studies the formal aspects of nouvelles nouvelles in two phases: an exploration of the semantic field "nouvelle" in philippe's historical work (354 occurences) leads to the identification of a set structure, the embryonic, archetypal structure of the literary narratives. Two functions, termed "conjonctural analysis of a situation" and "choice of on immediate riposte", appearing systematically and often high-lighted by various stylistic effects, confer a didactic import on the work; philippe's stories are a series of case studies, profane "exempla", lessons in social sciences. Despite their still medieval flavour, they express their author's belief in man, at a cultural level as yet unaffected by the humanist enlightement
Parisse, Christel Véronique. "Le siège de Nice en 1543 et ses conséquences." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040182.
Full textGuihard-Lefeuvre, Gaël. "Bretagne et Bourgogne. Les relations politiques de deux États princiers à la fin du Moyen Âge 1364-1491." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0017.
Full textThis study covers a period of almost 130 years of relations between Brittany and Burgundy, two princely states developing in the Middle Ages. It focuses both on the content of these relations and on the means and men that helped establish them. While the primary focus is on politics, the study also takes a look at anything that might influence political decisions, particularly trade and military connections. The backdrop for this study is provided by the 100-year war, the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war, the development of a state apparatus in each of theses principalities and, starting in the middle of the 15th century, the growing influence of a crown intent on bringing the principalities to heel. Three periods need to be distinguished. The first period corresponds to the reign of Philip the Bold (1364-1404), duke of Burgundy, heir to the counts of Flanders. Philip the Bold forged ties with the various factions fighting for power in Brittany and thereby managed to establish himself as the arbiter in the conflicts in Brittany, and then as the regent of the dukedom in 1402. The second period covers the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war and looks at the dealings of the duke of Brittany and his entourage. The dukes of Burgundy and Brittany formed a lasting alliance, which constituted one of the most stable elements of their foreign policies. The last period (1435-1491) saw the French crown reassert its power. The dukes of Brittany and Burgundy were forced to tighten their alliance in order to confront the king. The alliance brought them some diplomatic success, but never stood the test of war
Benveniste, Henriette. "Stratégies judiciaires et rapports sociaux d'après les plaidoiries devant la Chambre criminelle du Parlement de Paris : vers 1345-vers 1454." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010605.
Full textThe object of this study is the relations between classes or social groups, their attitudes towards the judicial machinery, as well as the problems of violence and justice as they appear through the pleadings before the criminal court of the parliament of paris in the end of the middle ages. The first part is dealing with the contemporaries, conceptions about law and their ideas of a king as a dispenser of justice or about the competence of the professionnals of law, as well as the references lawyers make to the different sources of law and their arguments on criminality. The second part concerns the relations of the parliament with the inferior courts and the personnel that serves royal justice, the problems that officers' behavior night create, the jurisdiction conflits and the contradictions of royal pardon. Pleading can also be considered as a "particular system of bringing evidence" and as a reflaxion of a cultural model; through the lawyers' rhetoric we can appreciate their arguments and the social values they illustrate, the importance and the meaning of the penalties mentioned. In the third part we examine certain crimes as they appear in the pleadings. Treason is revealing a political doctrine and pleadings on private wars demonstrate the modalities and the representations of medieval violence. Murders, theft, and plundery complete the image of this violence and allows to understand what differentiates medieval violence from every other type of violence, to show its role in the conceptual world of the pledges and its treatement by the parliament. By acts or by the expressin of an ideology the parliament participates in the process of the construction of a state
Levy, Fabien. "La Monarchie et la Commune : les relations entre Gênes et la France, 1396-1512." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040193.
Full textFrom 1396 to 1512, Genoa, incapable of ruling itself, gives itself over to France three times, thus enabling the encounter of two opposit political, social and cultural models. The evolution of their relationship, obviously conflictual, outlines throughout the fifteenth century the triumph of the Monarchy over the Commune. On the diplomatical level first, where Genoa becomes progressively the French gateway to Italy, providing funds and ships to each expedition. Then amoung the Citys' government, where the governors implement increasingly arbitrary practices inspired by monarchy principles. But a victory in appearance only, masking the resurgence of a civic ideal in the city. An ideal that will flourish all along the century under foreign influence, supported by a group of city dwellers united around the values of Liberty, Union and Stability. And an ideal that will end up being the basis of the 1528, enabling the Genovese to enter their « golden century »
Lavaud, Sandrine. "Saint-Seurin : une grande seigneurie du Bordelais : XIVe-XVe siècles." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30003.
Full textSaint Seurin church is located in the ancient suburbs of Bordeaux, just north west of the historical city-center. Built in the VIth century on the first place of christian cult, it was a very famous sanctuary right from the beginning. Since the XIIth century, a collegiate chapter has been instituted in the church. In addition to its liturgical duties, this chapter had to administrate a large seigniory which was built up thanks to the pious legacies. We have focused on this Saint Seurin seigniory. Our study concentrates on the end of the middle-ages (XIV-XVth centuries), a period of history when archive-data are numerous. The monograph of the seigniory follows three directions: - the seigniory in its natural and seigniorial environnements. -the men of the seigniory: the lord ans his tenants. - the way of farming, which means the origin and nature of the rights held by the lord and the tenants over the tenures composing this seigniory
Levieuge-Colas, Evelyne. "Le registre de comptes de sarreguemines de 1475 - approche socio-historique - analyse phonologique - diachronie et diatopie systemiques." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR20064.
Full textThe 1475 sarreguemines accounts book, a 109 page hand-written document, is a balance sheet that the squire sent every year to the duke oflorraine, in this case rene ii. The local events stand out in sharp relief as it was written at the time when the duke of burgundy was attempting to conquer lorraine. The study of the manuscript first gives interesting socio-historical information on the life and organisation of a manor at the end of the 15th century. Through the taxes which the population had to pay, it is possible to have a better understanding of living conditions and to highlight the social hierarchy of the community. The squire's expenses, recorded in the document, show the carrying out of his responsibilities and the local management which he was accountable for to the ducal authorities. The study of the graphic signs of the document and the comparison with middle-high- german and the sarreguemines modem dialect has made it possible to describe the phonological system of the language used at the time and also to notice the transformations and factural evolutions on the diachronic axis. Finally, a systemic approach to the evolution of this language has been considered, first through time - from the period of middle-high german to today - then through the spatial distribution of dialects by comparison with present, neighbouring dialects
Bournot-Didier, Nancy. "André Sulpice et les stalles du Rouergue." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20015.
Full textRoucole, Fabien. "Prélats et hommes de guerre : Dans l'espace français au XVe siècle : Culture et pratiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3090.
Full textIn the Middle Ages, Clerics bearing arms, often bishops, regularly appear. Both priests and secular lords, these men fight for various reasons: to serve the king, for the cause of the Church, or even for their own interests. This is a study of these prelates and of the cultural, legal and social norms that condition their behaviour: noble and military culture, various services owed to the the king, limits brought by canon law. The chosen period begins with the Great Schism (1378) and ends at the dawn of the Lutherian Reform (1517). In France, this time is marked by the omnipresence of war, especially in the first half of the century; prelates often have to take part in these conflicts. On the other hand, the Hundred Years War induce the development of new military institutions, which tend to discharge bishops and abbots from the old feudal obligations. Prelates who engage in warfare are only rarely punished, even the most scandalous ones.At the councils, critics are expressed against them, but they lead to no conclusion. In fact, many reasons may justify the conduct of fighting bishops
Naudet, Valérie, and David Aubert. "Edition critique et commentaire de Guérin le Loherain en prose, extrait du livre II des Histoires de Charles Martel et de ses successeurs copiées par David Aubert (XVe siècle)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040315.
Full textLamassé, Stéphane. "Les problèmes dans les arithmétiques commerciales en langue française et occitane de la fin du Moyen Âge." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010720.
Full textKopp, Vanina Madeleine. "Der königh und die bücher : sammlung, nutzung und funktion der königlichen bibliothek am spätmittelalterlichen hof in Frankreich." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0073.
Full textThe royal library, known as the "librairie du Louvre", was the royal book collection, assembled in small rooms on three levels of a Louvre tower. About 900 manuscripts were in the library, which made it the biggest non-clerical library in the West. At the centre of my research, I study the following question: How and when was the collection of books and knowledge in the Louvre Library used by the French kings for cultural or political operations? 1demonstrate in a historical perspective how, in addition to a bibliophile aspect, the library made a political contribution to the development of the "religion royale" and the legitimation of royalty. This dissertation challenges several theoretical and methodological approaches to capture the different dimensions of the Louvre Library. I try to contextualise the subject in different fields of research in order to infer some general information on the use of books. 1focus on the virtually existing medieval library in order to contextualise and historicise the function it had at the French court. Following a historical anthropological approach, I concentrate on the use of the book collection and the use of texts. In this project 1show that the Louvre Library, the use of the texts by the kings and the circulation of the books served to accumulate arguments in favour of the king's politics, strengthen the legitimisation of the dynasty and disseminate this content. The functional character of the Louvre Library fits into a larger politics of circulations, commands and acquisitions. These cultural and courtly processes strengthened the monarchic ideology and contributed to the construction of the image of a wise king
Kempf, Charlotte. "Die deutschen Erstdrucker im französischsprachigen Raum bis 1500. Untersuchungen zu Materialität und Präsenz von Inkunabeln." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH181.
Full textWith the establishment of a press at University of Paris in 1470, the history of printing presses in the French speaking world began. One of the founders was the German scholar Johannes Heynlin von Stein. He marks the start of a historically significant development in which printers from the Holy Roman Empire are of central importance. In the 15th century, it were in fact German printers who took the initiative to establish printing presses in eleven out of forty French cities. Geographically, those presses were predominantly located in the southeast of the French Kingdom and in the Duchy of Burgundy, in the Palatinate County of Burgundy, as well as in the region of what is today the French-speaking part of Switzerland. This media-historically important transition is the focus of this dissertation. On the basis of a profound methodology rooted in the history of materiality, the thesis shows that printing presses must be understood as an intersection of different developments. A comprehensive examination of the biographies of the respective printers and their printing portfolios are presented. Additionally, this thesis records the university, urban and monastic environment of the presses and critically evaluates the printed editions. By doing so, it is possible to work out in detail – while always referring to the sources – the complexity of the transition from a period of manuscripts to a period of printed books. Hence, a transition from non-typographic to typographic societies. Finally, this thesis proves that the German printers were a communicative and trans-border networked group which exemplarily stands for the French and partly for the European history of the printing press in the 15th century. By precisely and extensively analysing one of the most important groups of printers in the 15th century, this thesis allows for new insights to the history of early French printing presses and therefore seeks to fill a gap in academic literature. Furthermore, it encourages an international and scientific dialogue
Mit der Einrichtung einer Buchdruckerei in der Universität Paris im Jahre 1470 beginnt die Geschichte des Buchdrucks im französischsprachigen Raum. Einer der Gründer war der deutsche Gelehrte Johannes Heynlin von Stein. Er steht am Anfang einer Entwicklung, in der den Druckern aus dem Heiligen Römischen Reich entscheidende Bedeutung zukam - in elf von rund 40 französischen Städten, in denen in der Inkunabelzeit eine Druckerpresse eingerichtet wurde, ging die Initiative von deutschen Druckern aus. Sie waren vor allem im Südosten des Königreichs Frankreich sowie im Herzogtum Burgund, in der Freigrafschaft Burgund und in Gebieten der heutigen französischsprachigen Schweiz präsent. Dieser mediengeschichtlich bedeutsamen Umbruchphase widmet sich die vorliegende Untersuchung. Auf der Basis einer materialitätsgeschichtlich fundierten Methode kann gezeigt werden, dass die Druckereien als Kreuzungspunkte unterschiedlicher Entwicklungslinien verstanden werden müssen. Die Studie untersucht die Biographien der Drucker, stellt ihr Druckprogramm vor, erfasst das universitäre, städtische oder monastische Umfeld der Pressen und wertet die von ihnen produzierten Ausgaben aus. Auf diese Weise kann detailliert, und stets mit Bezug auf die Quellen, die Komplexität des Übergangs vom Handschriften- zum Druckzeitalter, von non-typographischen zu typographischen Gesellschaften herausgearbeitet werden. Darüber hinaus wird nachgewiesen, dass es sich bei den deutschen Erstdruckern um eine kommunikative und über Ländergrenzen hinweg breit vernetzte Gruppe handelt, die als exemplarisch für das französische sowie in Teilen auch für das europäische Druckwesen des 15. Jahrhunderts gelten kann. Dieser Ansatz einer präzisen und umfassenden Auseinandersetzung mit einer bedeutenden Gruppe von Buchdruckern präsentiert neue Erkenntnisse zur Geschichte des frühen französischen Buchdrucks und regt zur Intensivierung des internationalen Forschungsdialogs an
Luccioni, Jean. "Etude démographique économique et sociale de la cité de Toulon du début du XVème siècle au premier tiers du XVIème siècle (1535)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3093/document.
Full textThe maritime city undergoes the recession's trend of the 15th century until its inversion toward growth, a mutation due to the dynamism of Toulon drapery and shipbuilding. The high growth after 1517 is materialized by the reconstruction of the suburbs. The commercial options of traders, selling oil, sheets, hides and skins, boats and small ships on a wider market, will generate substantial profits. The councilors will gradually control the evills of the city : its deficiencies in cereals, epidemies of plagues and leprosy, threats of hostile fleets, debt after borrowing Florentine merchants in Avignon. An oligarchy of thirty families associating notaries and merchants, led the city during the last century of the middle ages
Roser, Sandrine. "L'art à l'abbaye de Baume-les-Messieurs dans la première moitié du XVe siècle." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1036.
Full textAu XVe siècle, la restauration de l'abbaye de Baume (Jura), ruinée depuis 1336, fut le fait de deux abbés : Amé de Chalon (1389-1431) et Henri de Salins (1431-1451 ?). Après avoir redressé le temporel, le premier restaura dès 1399 les bâtiments conventuels, l'église et sans doute une partie du cloître. Pour le chantier, il utilisa le système des corvées et exploita les proches carrières de Crançot. Le réfectoire et de nombreux vestiges des importants aménagements liturgiques qu'il fit réaliser subsistent : des stalles, trois autels, de nombreuses statues ayant appartenu au jubé, à l'autel majeur et à sa chapelle particulière, inspirées d'œuvres de Dijon ou Poligny. L'abbé fit ériger son somptueux tombeau sous une arche, au nord du sanctuaire, orné de peintures murales et de plusieurs sculptures. Son successeur éleva l'actuelle façade occidentale de l'église, dotée de statues et restaura une vaste chapelle mariale hors-œuvre, typique de l'architecture clunisienne, et s'y fit inhumer
Guillemard, Eléna. "L'adieu aux ordres. Les sécularisations des religieuses au moment de la Réforme (France, Suisse, Angleterre, XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3020.
Full textOut of the 200 or so women that I found who left the religious orders during the 16th century in France, Switzerland and England, certain life paths suggest the difficulty of adapting to the secular life, especially in terms of economy. Indeed, these women, often deprived of family support (they were able to leave against the will of their families because their exit threatened family legacies by reintroducing them as potential heirs), alone in the world for the first time, had to find the means for a secular adaptation. But their capacity for action was often limited: thus, on the one hand, noble women, such as Charlotte de Bourbon, the future Princess of Orange, left and regained their former social position, with the help of various networks of solidarity; on the other hand, less famous women, from families with various social backgrounds, faced the return to the world without any economic, friendly or family support. A question then arises as to the future of these women: what form does their secularization take? If Protestant and Catholic discourses acclaimed or condemned marriage, it would seem that only some of the women who had escaped from the cloister chose that path. Thus, these paths present multiple alternatives, between forming a conjugal home, obtaining pensions, annuities, or returning to their parents’ home. Through these paths, the former nuns invented their life itineraries, in a context of religious confrontations in which their status as former nuns constantly influenced and conditioned the modalities of their return to the world
Didiot, Mylène. "Metz, une ville fortifiée : étude des comptes des gouverneurs des murs de la ville (1463-1543)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0230/document.
Full textMetz in the Middle Ages is a city that gradually managed to free itself from imperial tutelage. The Golden Age of the city corresponds to this conquest of urban autonomy. As early as the thirteenth century, a republic was established and organized as a real, rich and powerful state. The city then fuels the lust of its neighbors and must protect itself. The old fortifications, too narrow, were replaced by a new enclosure more than five kilometers long. It is built between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. An administration devoted to the construction and maintenance of the ramparts is then put in place. Written on parchment until the sixteenth century, the « counts of the Governors of the Walls » of the city of Metz testify to the nature, the cost and the progress of the various works carried out on the enclosure. This thesis proposes to analyze this accounting by highlighting the complexity of this administration. It will be a question of studying the provenance and use of the funds and of demonstrating the preponderant role played by the men of the city. All contributed to the edifice, whether they were workers, craftsmen, corvees or lords. The study of the nature and use of materials will not be left out and will show the evolution of the techniques of fortifications and armaments. The transcription and analysis of these accounts, so far relatively neglected by historical research and the study of the chronicles of the time, will complement our knowledge of the Metz enclosure
Lémeillat, Marjolaine. "Les gens de savoir en Bretagne à la fin du Moyen Âge (fin XIIIe-XVe siècle)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0082.
Full textPeople of science, bishops and canons, abbots and monks, chancelors and secretaries, bailiffs and seneschals, prosecutors and atorneys, notaries and professors, medical practitioners, make the most part of the high-clergy, the justice people and the ducal administrative executives in Britanny, at the end of the Middle Ages.Mostly trained in law in universities of the Kingdom of France (Paris, Angers), many come back to make a carreer in the duchy, serving the Church, the Justice, the duke and his administration, contributing to their developpement from the end of the 14th century and during the 15th century. In their tasks, they do not neglect their own professionnal and personnal success, some cumulating positions and incomes.This study tracks back their origins, their career path, their aspirations, their successes and failures in securing a position in society and beyond, also enlightening on the workings of the various professionnal branches in which they evolve
Arrighi, Lucie. "Pouvoir et historiographie : les Histoires de Corse (XVe-XVIe siècles) entre France, Italie et Espagne." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL007.
Full textIn the middle of the Fifteenth century, a Corsican notary named Giovanni della Grossa wrote the earliest historical account of the island of Corsica, in the particular geopolitical context of the struggles between the feudal partisans of Aragonese Corsica and of the Commune of Genoa. At the same time witness and actor of the events that divide Corsica during the Quattrocento, Giovanni della Grossa participates in the Geno-Aragonese War and delivers his account of the conflict, describing a chaotic Corsica. Through his History, he intends to ideologically “reorder” the island’s political parties, distinguishing the communal party on one hand, and the seigneurial one on the other. In order to do this, he invents the political origins of Corsica and turns his invention into a model. This model consists in a monarchical county, under the rule of a count of Corsica chosen within the ranks of the Cinarchesi, enemies of the Commune of Genoa. This political legend, which is not founded on any historical basis, generates several rewritings of the work of the notary during the Cinquecento. Two versions survived: the “short version”, published in 1594 under the title of Historia di Corsica, and the “long version”, published for the first time in 1910. The Histories of Corsica thus designates this complex historiographical corpus, which includes two historical compilations of several writers of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth centuries that copyists, compilers and scientific publishers have often mixed up. This thesis aims to find, among the manuscript versions and their paratext, the medieval Corsican historical narrative, and thus tries to precisely seize a political discourse that was lost between France, Italy and Spain during the wars of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth centuries
Pagazani, Xavier. "Demeures campagnardes de la petite et moyenne noblesse en haute Normandie (1450-1600) : pour une histoire architecturale d’une province française." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040249.
Full textSeriously affected by the Hundred Years War, Normandy experienced such a renaissance from the end of the XVth century that it became the major source of revenue for the kingdom, causing the king to tighten its control over it during the following century. This thesis offers a study in two distinct parts of equal importance. The first, a synthesis on the country houses of the small and medium nobility in the context of a period highly favourable to the architectural activity. The second, a deeper analysis of about eighty manorial domains, which constitutes the basis upon which rests the larger interpretative account in the first part. If the method adopted stresses archaeological analysis of the buildings, more than archives often missing, it also uses an approach comparing them with structures in other regions of France and with contemporary rural treatises (Estienne, Liébault) and “maisons pour les champs” models (Androuet Du Cerceau), who often suggest forms already widespread. The enquiry conducted in this manner allows us not only to understand the function, the individuality and the evolution of the manors of upper Normandy between 1450 and 1600, but it reveals also the ability of the architects working in the province to innovate, with the early appearance of the compact plan with double rows of rooms, the vestibule “à l’antique” or the window with a wooden mullion, experiments which, because of the civil wars, would not be fully exploited until the next century. Following the pioneering study on Le Manoir en Bretagne, 1380-1600 (Inventaire général, Paris, 1993), this thesis offers an additional firm bench mark for comparison in future regional studies
Bureaux, Guillaume. "Union et désunion de la noblesse en parade. Le rôle des Pas d'armes dans l'entretien des rivalités chevaleresques entre cours princières occidentales, XVe-XVIe siècles (Anjou, Bourgogne, France, Saint-Empire)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR142/document.
Full textAppearing in 1428 in Spain, the Pas d’Armes are a real example of the undeniable interest held by the nobility of the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance in the arts of warfare, in literature, and theater. It is in reality an evolution of the joust and tournament in which one or several knights volunteer to keep a crossroad, a door or another symbolic place. To differ from the joust, the organizers publish chapters, or letters of weapons, several months in advance. They consisted of two parts, the first one coming to place the knights defenders and aggressors in a magic and fantastic universe, the second containing rules to be followed. It is also necessary to note that the great majority of Pas place the knights in a fictional world, in particular regarding Arthurian legend, by means of chapters, present scenery around the lists and, naturally, costumes. Testimonies of transcultural contacts between the Valois ‘courts of Anjou and Burgundy and Spanish courts, the Pas d’armes are organized at courtly decisive moments like marriages, treaties of peace or just after a war, all the Pas d’armes had a common role : to highlight the unity of knighthood around the Prince and his power. On each occasion is the Prince who emerges victorious from all the entertainment organized at his court. Essentially, it is a way for the prince to dramatize his power in this “game – mimicry” where the important thing was not so much the fighting but the scenery and the highlighting of cultural, financial and military power of the court
Depreter, Michaël. "Estoit moult belle et poissant: artillerie, artisans et pouvoir princier dans les pays bourguignons, v. 1450-1493." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209260.
Full textEn une première partie sont analysés les modes de décision, de financement et de contrôle d’une arme en plein essor. L’implication personnelle des ducs, Charles le Hardi/Téméraire en tête, est patente. Mais, le développement d’une administration particulière s’impose. La spécialisation de ce personnel est révélée par l’analyse prosopographique. L’artillerie acquiert alors une certaine autonomie au niveau de la gestion des stocks matériels et des ressources financières et humaines.
La seconde partie est consacrée au matériel. Les politiques d’acquisition des armes à feu, des munitions et du matériel auxiliaire (affûts, manteaux, outillage divers) témoignent d’une prise en main progressive de la production :on assiste à l’émergence, encore timide certes, d’une première « industrie d’État ». Quittant le château ducal, le parc d’artillerie des princes bourguignons rejoint des lieux plus adaptés à son stockage, à son entretien, voire à sa fabrication :c’est la naissance de l’arsenal moderne – un des premiers à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. Il est alors possible, pour les gestionnaires comme pour l’historien, d’évaluer la puissance de frappe des ducs. Celle-ci est tributaire de deux facteurs :le nombre de bouches à feu, d’une part, la standardisation des calibres, influençant les cadences de tir, de l’autre. Tant au niveau quantitatif que qualitatif, l’état-major bourguignon mène de réels efforts qui doivent permettre à l’artillerie ducale d’éluder les inconvénients politiques et militaires d’un emprunt aux communes et aux seigneurs.
Le troisième volet de l’étude concerne les hommes animant les structures de l’artillerie. Il s’agit d’un ensemble d’artisans-soldats ayant un rôle dans la conception, la fabrication et la manipulation de l’arme. Les modalités de leur recrutement révèlent la volonté du pouvoir princier de s’attacher les meilleurs spécialistes. Un corps ordinaire aux effectifs encore minces, certes, est alors constitué, complété en temps de guerre par un appel aux métiers urbains et par la réquisition d’une abondante main-d’œuvre sur le pays.
Au final, si le gouvernement de Philippe le Bon en révèle les prémices, l’émergence de nouvelles conceptions relatives à la gestion d’une arme en pleine croissance doit attendre le règne de Charles le Hardi. L’efficacité de l’artillerie ducale, devenant un véritable instrument au service du pouvoir central, devait s’en trouver accrue. Pourtant, suite aux défaites de ce duc, un recul des conceptions de l’arme est perceptible. Sans pour autant abandonner entièrement la poursuite des visées de son prédécesseur, Maximilien doit composer avec des moyens financiers et humains inférieurs. Le pouvoir central devint alors à nouveau plus dépendant des pouvoirs communaux et seigneuriaux avec lesquels il fallait négocier, dans le domaine de l’artillerie comme en tant d’autres…
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Caillat, Gérard. "Ville modèle, modèles de ville. Nîmes (1476-1789)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30073.
Full textThe notion of model refers to a mode of representation, to an exemplary nature, and to a method of investigation. In the search of an identity, the city projects by different ways a representation of itself. The historians stack upon this idealized image one or several outlines of their own themes. Nimes appears so alternately as the example of the Latin colony, the Renaissant city filled with admiration for its own past, the fortified town Huguenot fighting for the religious freedom, the city of the Enlightenment spread around the vestiges of Augusteum. Today, the exceptional preservation of its antique monuments suggests that Romanity remained unchanged from the very beginning in the landscape and in the urban imagination. The archives of the consuls allow to establish on the contrary a slow maturation, accellerated by the violent disturbances of the civil wars and by the evolutions of defence systems. The city of Nemausus is familiar, but distant and legally worthless. The political body prefers to use the consular privilege, created by the counts of Toulouse, and on the particular status of the States of Languedoc to represent the community. Profoundly reformed in 1476, the consulate channels the local political debate until the Revolution. When, in the middle of the XVIIIth century, the industrial expansion shows the limits of its right on the space, it finds the means and the capacity to bend the choices of the royal power in town planning. The thesis, which covers in a equivalent way the three centuries of modern period, is organized in two parts, the identity of the city and the construction of the landscape
Bulté, Cécile. "Images dans la ville. Décors monumentaux et identités urbaines en France à la fin du Moyen Age." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040172.
Full textWhether royal lily or Christian cross, the space of medieval towns is characterized by the marks placed on it by medieval institutions.At the end of the Middle-Ages, the new urban elites make the process of marking the city their own by imposing their own signs onthe public space. Thus, they assert their presence on the public and artistic scene. In the 14th and 15th century, civilian decorationbecomes the tangible expression of this social transformation ; emblems and small sculptural figures conquer the urban space. Anemblematic edifice, the town hall, is erected by the municipal institution, whose emblazoned portal echo other emblems placed atstrategic locations. Private citizens, in turn, transplant into their homes these monumental modes of representation. Officers ormerchants – these men of a new kind – cover their residences with coats of arms, religious or emblematic figures. By linking them toa profession, an institution or a parish, these decorative programs state the social standing and moral values that those affluentcommissioners claim for themselves. By presenting their personal insignia, their motto or their name, they put their identity on stage,thereby introducing fragments of subjectivity in the public and urban space. Some singular and radical small figures begin toproliferate: exposed, naked bodies, grotesque and allegorical scenes that foreshadow one’s possible downfall in order to exalt one’scurrent status. Structured and hierarchically organized, these decors form a relational system in which social promotion dialogueswith exclusion : telltale signs of a social order in transformation
Steffen, Bénédicte. "Les décors en forme de mandorle et leur évolution sur les reliures des manuscrits islamiques du 13e au 15e siècle : d’après un corpus de manuscrits issu des fonds arabe et persan de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, de la Staatsbibliothek de Berlin, de l’Universiteitsbibliotheek de Leyde et d’une collection privée." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4004.
Full textArab and Islamic bindings offer a very large variety of patterns throughout the Middle Ages. The period from 13th to the 15th century is undoubtedly a golden age regarding the beauty of their ornement and decoration.If during a long time circular and geometric profiles dominated the bindings decoration, the Mongol conquests from the 13th century have contributed to the diffusion of almoond profile from Persia to the Mamluk and Ottoman's bindings. It was widely used by Persian bookbinders whose art has certainly experienced an artistic influence from China. Persian artists have worn the almond shape at its highest degree of aesthetic refinement. The almond profile only appeared into the Mamluk binder's repertoire until the end of the 15th century and commonly used from the second half of 15th century. It is also from this period that it appears on the Ottoman bindings with lobed profiles usually filled with beautiful arabesques and floral ornamentoften on gilded background. In the late 15th century appears the technique of pressure moulding, that involved the pressing of the leather with large stamps. This technique quickly spread and replace almond shape using small stamps. The aesthetic influence of the almond profile was such that it were introduced into the Italian bookbinder's repertoire by the middle of the 15th century. This study presents the developments and dissemination of the almond profile made with small stamps from the 13th to the 15th century on the basis of a sample of ninety two bindings
Chaigne-Legouy, Marion. "Femmes au « coeur d’homme » ou pouvoir au féminin ? : Les duchesses de la seconde Maison d’Anjou (1360-1481)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040204.
Full textThis PhD thesis is based on the specificity of the history of the second House of Anjou (1360-1481) characterized in each generation by moments of discontinuity in which women find themselves in state governing positions as regents, lieutenants or vice-regents. This princely French dynasty offers a unique opportunity to observe and analyze a phenomenon that was in the developing stages both judicially and practically at the end of the Middles Ages, namely the exercise of political power by sovereigns who were not supposed to govern. Due to the increasing variety of existing sources, this study will also assess the administrative progress or institutional developments in the principalities where the Duchesses were involved in governing. The Duchesses have also been instrumental in the territorial expansions of their states, enabling the articulation of a common history for areas traditionally studied independently: Anjou, Provence, Barrois, Lorena, and Naples. The study, spanning over a century, draws on the dialectic of individual existence and collective destiny in order to offer a new interpretation to issues concerning women’s identity and political actions. These issues are analyzed using multiple approaches (political, anthropologic, legal, judicial, and quantitative) and various themes (finances, entourages, governing of constitutional bodies, war, diplomatic affairs). As a result, the analysis sheds light on the mechanisms and dynamics by which, on one hand, these princesses exert their authority as men’s equal, as women « with a man’s heart », while on the other hand, forced by their gender’s moral, intellectual and judicial imposed constraints, they adopt a governing style specifically feminine, exalt particular virtues or even change the rules of ordinary politics
Vallery-Radot, Sophie. "Les Français à Constance : Participation au concile et construction d’une identité nationale (1414-1418)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20120.
Full textPope John XXIII convened the oecumenical council of Constance to end the schism splitting the western Christianity since 1378. The council Fathers were also eager to reform and rid the Church of the prevailing influence peddling. Anyhow, at first glance nothing suggested that the council of Constance would give the attending French party an opportunity to assert and build up their national identity.Still, the council’ organisation around nations prompted the French to pool together and called for common stances in decision-making. Between 1415 and 1417, while differences still existed amongst the members of this composite nation, a feeling of national loyalty and the fight for common interests became increasingly important.In addition, due to the emergence of the 100 years’ war in the midst of the council, the French-English relationships became ever more conflicting. The French were isolated in the council as a result of the Roman king Sigismond’ alliance with Henry V.As a result of these mishaps, most members of the French nations felt prompted to unite and stand solidly behind Charles VI’ ambassadors.In the name of their pledge of allegiance to the Crown, the French king’s embassy endeavoured to gain control of, and orientate the French nation’s decision in a sense favouring the king’s interest