Academic literature on the topic 'POKER 360 (Electronic computer system)'

Increased heat generation in semiconductor devices for demanding applications leads to the investigation of highly efficient cooling solutions. Effective options for thermal management include passing of cooling liquid through the microchannel heat sink and using highly conductive materials. In the author's previous work, experimental and computational analyses were performed on LTCC substrates using embedded silver vias and silver columns forming microchannels. This novel technique of embedding silver vias along with forced convection using a coolant resulted in higher heat transfer rates. The present work investigates the design optimization of this cooling system (microheat exchanger) using systems optimization theory. A new multiobjective optimization problem was formulated for the heat transfer in the LTCC model using the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) method of heat exchangers. The goal is to maximize the total heat transferred and to minimize the coolant pumping power. Structural and thermal design variables are considered to meet the manufacturability and energy requirements. Pressure loss and volume of the silver metal are used as constraints. A hybrid optimization technique using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and branch and bound method of integer programming has been developed to solve the microheat exchanger problem. The optimal design is presented and sensitivity analysis results are discussed.

Terahertz waves generated by vacuum electron devices have been successfully applied in dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP-NMR) technology to significantly enhance the sensitivity of high-field NMR. To reduce the magnetic field interference, the high-power terahertz wave source and the NMR spectrometer need to be separated by a few meters apart. Corrugated horns and directional couplers are key components for shaping high linearly polarized terahertz Gaussian beam and accurately coupling electromagnetic power in the transmission system. In this paper, a corrugated TE11-HE11 mode converter and a three-port directional coupler realized by its inner cylindrical wire array are proposed for a 330 GHz/500 MHz DNP-NMR system. The output mode of the mode converter presents a characteristic of highly linear polarization, which is 98.8% at 330 GHz for subsequent low loss transmission. The designed three-port directional coupler can produce approximately −33 dB electromagnetic wave power on port 3 in the frequency range between 300–360 GHz stably, which can be used to measure the electromagnetic wave power of the transmission line in real-time. The designed mode converter and direction coupler can be installed and replaced easily in the corrugated waveguide transmission system.

This paper proposes a family of N-Branch hybrid switched inductor and capacitor (SLC) converters. With the single circuit, the multi-level output voltage or current could be generated. The proposed converter is suitable both for the voltage source and the current source. The same LC network is reused for different LC branches. The proposed converter is controlled by the phase shift control method with a time domain multiplexing concept. The N level circuit is operated with the same frequency. One cycle period is divided into N small time cycles for each branch. The phase shift for each branch is 360°/N. The load voltage could be changed by modifying the duty cycle of the transistor. When the SLCs work in the resonant condition, the soft switching will be acquired. The power loss of transistors could be sharply reduced. In this paper, a 300 W SLC converter is constructed to verify the theoretical analysis and operation mechanism in the resonant condition and hard switching condition. With the experimental and simulated verification, the soft switching and the stable multi-level output voltage or current are achieved. The proposed SLC converter could be used for the multi-level voltage power supply system, such as the electric vehicle, the electric aircraft, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and a new energy generation system.

Abstract Enhancements on power electronic systems with reduced chip area and miniaturized passive components are subject of several research activities in academics and industry. To realize such future electronic devices, it is necessary to incorporate wide bandgap semiconductor technology such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride operating at higher temperatures. Therefore, the development of novel materials with high thermal conductivities and stability, withstanding harsh environments up to 300°C is of major interest. Especially, polymeric encapsulation materials have to be improved because of common degradation effects above 175°C. Ceramic (nonpolymeric) materials with thermal conductivities above 5 W/(m·K) already illustrated promising results for the encapsulation of power electronics. The present work illustrates recent developments and improvements on novel ceramic encapsulation materials, which finally avoid critical interactions with the chip surface. Furthermore, advances in reliability will be discussed in terms of passed high-temperature reverse bias and humidity tests correlated with relevant material properties.

Speed regulation of hydroelectric power plants of isolated systems is a complex subject, which is now becoming more important as customers install computers, stereophonic equipment, and advanced satellite dish electronic equipment in such systems. This paper presents a methodology for determining hydroelectric generator inertia, based on theoretical analysis, coupled with a review of data from over 50 hydroelectric projects with units having capacities between 2 and 300 MW. The parameters that affect generator inertia—system size, allowable frequency variation, type of load, turbine and governor, water column start time, governor time, and relief valve operation— are all discussed. A chart combining these parameters is developed, on which data from hydro projects is plotted. From an analysis of the plotted data, an empirical equation is developed for the generator inertia as a function of the aforementioned parameters. Key words: hydroelectric power, generator inertia, speed regulation, hydro design.

This study is devoted to the consideration of a method for assessing the stability of systems with pulse-width modulation, based on the linearization of its equivalent system with pulse-width modulation. An approximate study of the dynamic modes of operation of systems with pulse-width modulation, taking into account the stability for the system of automatic control of the supply current of electromagnets under the conditions of external and internal interference, is carried out. Variants of execution of schemes of pulse-width regulators for the power supply of an electromagnet based on a unipolar and bipolar element with pulse-width modulation are presented. The possibility of linearization of systems with pulse-width modulation for the subsequent detailed assessment of the stability of such systems is shown. The prospects of using functional differential equations for stability analysis of automatic systems with pulse-width modulation are shown. The frequency characteristics of an equivalent pulse system are analyzed using the example of a current stabilization system of high-power electromagnets with a pulse-width regulator, taking into account the replacement of the latitude modulation by the amplitude one. Based on the analysis of the resulting transfer function, which is a stable linearized equivalent open system, the ways of evaluating the stability of the original system with pulse-width modulation using the Nyquist stability criterion are proposed. The conclusion is made about the advantage of a system with PWM, in relation to a system with AIM, in terms of stability, and recommendations are given for the use of the obtained data in the analysis oftransients in such systems.

Energy transformation by power electronic converters is not feasible without the efficient use of renewable energy. The article tries to extend the use of renewable energy to PHEV battery charging. In PHEV, the battery is one of the major sources of stored energy. The converter used for charging these batteries is of crucial concern. The paper addresses various challenges in designing a DC to DC converter for battery charging in DC bus. An optimized converter is designed to work with renewable energy sources to accomplish a high boost ratio, low input current ripple, low output voltage ripple, high power efficiency, and high power density. A combination of two interleaved boost converters is effectively used with the overlap time switching to achieve a high voltage boost ratio in forming the DC bus. Transformer isolation is used to increase reliability and boost ratio further. The secondary side employs a series-connected voltage doubler. The converter boosts an input voltage of 24 V to a range of 300–400 V. Simulation results have been obtained for a 300 W system. Simulation results are validated by a prototype implementation for a 250 W system. The converter is studied and analyzed for steady-state and transient state characteristics and the power efficiency obtained is 92.9%.

A remarkable correlation between chaotic systems and cryptography has been established with sensitivity to initial states, unpredictability, and complex behaviors. In one development, stages of a chaotic stream cipher are applied to a discrete chaotic dynamic system for the generation of pseudorandom bits. Some of these generators are based on 1D chaotic map and others on 2D ones. In the current study, a pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG) based on a new 2D chaotic logistic map is proposed that runs side-by-side and commences from random independent initial states. The structure of the proposed model consists of the three components of a mouse input device, the proposed 2D chaotic system, and an initial permutation (IP) table. Statistical tests of the generated sequence of bits are investigated by applying five evaluations as well as the ACF and NIST. The results of five standard tests of randomness have been illustrated and overcome a value of 0.160 in frequency test. While the run test presents the pass value t0=4.769 and t1=2.929. Likewise, poker test and serial test the outcomes was passed with 3.520 for poker test, and 4.720 for serial test. Finally, autocorrelation test passed in all shift numbers from 1 to 10.

We propose a portable and wireless acquisition system to help consumers or users register important physiological signals. The acquisition system mainly consists of a portable device, a graphic user interface (GUI), and an application program for displaying the signals on a notebook (NB) computer or a smart device. Essential characteristics of the portable device include eight measuring channels, a powerful microcontroller unit, a lithium battery, Bluetooth 3.0 data transmission, and a built-in 2 GB flash memory. In addition, the signals that are measured can be displayed on a tablet, a smart phone, or a notebook computer concurrently. Additionally, the proposed system provides extra power supply sources of ±3 V for the usage of external circuits. On the other hand, consumers or users can design their own sensing circuits and combine them with this system to carry out ubiquitous physiological studies. Four major advantages in the proposed system are the capability of combining it with a NB computer or a smart phone to display the signals being measured in real time, the superior mobility due to its own independent power system, flash memory, and good expandability. Briefly, this acquisition system offers consumers or users a convenient and portable studying tool to measure dynamic vital signals of interest in psychological and physiological research fields.

La tesis se encarga de analizar, por un lado, la integración y el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías en la Administración de Justicia; y, por otro, los parámetros que constituyen la validez y eficacia del documento electrónico.
La primera cuestión se centra en la configuración de los Sistemas de Información de la Oficina Judicial y del Ministerio Fiscal, así como de la informatización de los Registros Civiles, donde el art. 230 LOPJ es la pieza clave. Se estudian sus programas, aplicaciones, la videoconferencia, los ficheros judiciales y las redes de telecomunicaciones que poseen la cobertura de la firma electrónica reconocida, donde cobran gran relevancia los convenios de colaboración tecnológica. La digitalización de las vistas quizá sea una de las cuestiones con más trascendencia, teniendo en cuenta que el juicio es el acto que culmina el proceso. Aunque no todos los proyectos adoptados en el ámbito de la e.justicia se han desarrollado de forma integral, ni han llegado a la totalidad de los órganos judiciales. El objetivo final es lograr una Justicia más ágil y de calidad, a lo cual aspira el Plan Estratégico de Modernización de la Justicia 2009-2012 aprobado recientemente.
En referencia a la segunda perspectiva, no cabe duda que el Ordenamiento jurídico y los tribunales, en el ámbito de la justicia material, otorgan plena validez y eficacia al documento electrónico. Nuestra línea de investigación se justifica porque cada vez son más los procesos que incorporan soportes electrónicos de todo tipo, ya sea al plantearse la acción o posteriormente como medio de prueba (art. 299.2 LEC). Entre otros temas examinamos el documento informático, la problemática que rodea al fax, los sistemas de videograbación y el contrato electrónico.
La tesi s'encarrega d'analitzar, per una part, la integració i el desenvolupament de les noves tecnologies dins l´Administració de Justícia; i, per l'altra, els paràmetres que constitueixen la validesa i l'eficàcia del document electrònic.
La primera qüestió es centra en la configuració dels Sistemes d´Informació de l´Oficina Judicial i del Ministeri Fiscal, així com de la informatització dels Registres Civils, on l'art. 230 LOPJ es la peça clau. S'estudien els seus programes, aplicacions, la videoconferència, el fitxers judicials i les xarxes de telecomunicacions que tenen la cobertura de la firma electrònica reconeguda, on cobren gran rellevància els convenis de col·laboració tecnològica. La digitalització de les vistes tal vegada sigui una de les qüestions amb més transcendència, tenint amb compte que el judici es l'acte que culmina el procés. Però no tots el projectes adoptats en l'àmbit de la e.justicia s'han desenvolupat d'una manera integral ni han arribat a la totalitat dels òrgans judicials. L'objectiu final es assolir una Justícia més àgil i de qualitat, al que aspira el Pla Estratègic de Modernització de la Justícia 2009-2012 aprovat recentment.
En referència a la segona perspectiva, no hi ha dubte que l´Ordenament jurídic i els tribunals, en l'àmbit de la justícia material, donen plena validesa i eficàcia al document electrònic. La nostra línia d'investigació es justifica perquè cada vegada son més el processos que incorporen suports electrònics de tot tipus, ja sigui quant es planteja l'acció o posteriorment como a medi de prova (art. 299.2 LEC). Entre altres temes examinem el document informàtic, la problemàtica que envolta al fax, els sistemes de videogravació i el contracte electrònic.
The thesis seeks to analyse, on the one hand, the integration and development of the new technologies in the Administration of Justice; and, on the other, the parameters which constitute the validity and efficiency of the electronic document.
The first question centres on the configuration of the Information Systems of the Judicial Office and the Public Prosecutor, as well as the computerisation of the Civil Registers, where the art. 230 LOPJ it's the part key. Their programmes, applications, the Video Conferencing, the judicial registers and the telecommunication networks which are covered by the recognised electronic signatures, are studied, where the agreements on technological collaboration gain great relevance. The digitalisation of evidence might perhaps be one of the questions with most consequence, bearing in mind that the judgment is the act by which the process is culminated. Although not all the projects adopted within the compass of e.justice have developed completely nor have reached all the judicial organs. The final objective is to achieve an agile, quality Justice, to which the recently approved Strategic Plan for the Modernisation of Justice aspires.
With reference to the second perspective, there is no doubt that the juridical Ordinance and the tribunals within the compass of material justice grant full validity and efficacy to the electronic document. Our line of investigation is justified because there are more and more processes which are sustained by electronic supports of all kinds, whether it be at the establishment of the action or later, as a proof of it (art. 299.2 LEC). Amongst other things, we examine the computerised document, the problems which surround the fax, the systems for video recording and the electronic contract.

The recent miniaturization of electronic devices and compaction of computer systems will soon lead to data centers with power densities of the order of 300 W/ft2. At these levels, traditional thermal management techniques are unlikely to suffice. To enable the dynamic smart cooling systems necessary for future data centers, an exergetic approach based on the second law of thermodynamics has recently been proposed. However, no experimental data related to this concept is currently available. This paper discusses the development and subsequent validation of an exergy-based computer model at an instrumented data center in Palo Alto, California. The study finds that when appropriately calibrated, such a computational tool can successfully predict information about local and global thermal performance that cannot be perceived intuitively from traditional design methods. Further development of the concept has promising potential for efficient data center thermal management.

Conducting experiments on real high-density computer servers can be an expensive and risky task due to the risks associated with unintended inlet temperatures that exceed the server’s red-line temperature limit. Presented herein is the development of the simulated chassis that mimic real computer servers. Briefly, twelve high-power simulated chassis were designed and built to accurately simulate the actual operating conditions of a real computer chassis in a data center. Each simulated chassis is designed to have approximately 300 Pa pressure drop at a flow rate of 600 cfm to represent a real IBM server chassis. Additionally, the simulated chassis are designed to match the thermal mass of a real server. Eight of the simulated chassis were designed to have constant speed fans and variable heating power while the remaining four chassis were designed to have variable speed fans and variable heating power. Further discussions about the design phase of the simulated chassis are the substantial part of this paper. Underlining the challenges and safety issues with high-power chassis, guidelines for designing and constructing a chassis that simulates the real environment of a typical data center are presented.

Energy utilization from low-grade fuels of either fossil or renewable origin, or from medium-temperature heat sources such as solar, industrial waste heat, or small nuclear reactors, for small-scale power generation via steam cycles, can be reasonably enhanced by a simple technology shift. This study evaluates the technical feasibility of a compact power generation package comprising a steam turbine directly coupled to a high-speed alternator delivering around 8–12 MW of electrical power. Commercial or research-phase high-speed electrical generators at MW-scale are reviewed, and a basic thermodynamic design and flow-path analysis of a steam turbine able to drive such a generator is attempted. High-speed direct drives are winning new grounds due to their abilities to be speed-controlled and to avoid the gearbox otherwise typical for small system drivetrains. These two features may offer a reasonable advantage to conventional drives in terms of higher reliability and better economy. High-speed alternators with related power electronics are nowadays becoming increasingly available for the MW-size market. A generic 8 to 12 MW synchronous alternator running respectively at 15,000 to 10,000 rpm, have been used as a reference for evaluating the fundamental design of a directly coupled steam turbine prime mover. The moderate steam parameter concept suits well for converting mid-temperature thermal energy into electrical power with the help of low-tech steam cycles, allowing for distributed electricity production at reasonable costs and efficiency. Steam superheat temperatures below 350°C (660°F) at pressures of maximum 20 bar would keep the steam volumetric flow sufficiently high in order to restrain the turbine losses typical for small-scale turbines, while helping also with simpler certification and safety procedures and using primarily established technology and standard components. The proposed steam turbines designs and their characteristics thereof have been evaluated by computer simulations using the in-house code ProSteam and its sub-procedures AXIAL and VaxCalc, by courtesy of Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery and its steam turbine division located in Finspong, Sweden. The first results from this study show that high-speed steam turbines of the proposed size and type are possible to design and manufacture based on conventional components, and can be expected to deliver a very satisfactory performance at variable power output.

This report presents the results of thermal-hydraulic analysis for the Ultra High Temperature Reactor Experiment (UHTREX) as well as the modular Gas Turbine High Temperature Reactor 300 MWth (HTGR-GT300) loaded with Pebble Type Fuel. A thermal-hydraulic computer code was developed that was named PEBTEMP. In order to compare the present PBR case with UHTREX, a calculation for HTGR-GT300 was carried out in the similar conditions with UHTREX i.e. the inlet coolant temperature of 871°C, system pressure of 3.45 MPa and power density of 1.3 W/cm3. The hot channel factor of 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 are chosen for the present calculation. As the result, the fuel temperature for the present PBR case is extremely low when compared to the UHTREX case. The evaluated temperature is compared to the data of conventional optical high temperature camera using the principle of the thermal radiation flux dependence upon surface temperature. Therefore, the present PBR system design will be named as NUHTREX i.e. New UHTREX. The evaluated temperature is compared to the data of conventional optical high temperature camera using the principle of the thermal radiation flux dependence upon surface temperature.