Relevant bibliographies by topics / Poland. Armia. Armia "Modlin"

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Academic literature on the topic 'Poland. Armia. Armia "Modlin"'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Poland. Armia. Armia "Modlin""

1

Kmeťová, Marianna, and Marek Syrný. "The 1944 Warsaw Uprising." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-18-23.

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After the German campaign at the beginning of World War II (1939), Poland was divided between nazi Germany which occupied the west and center of the country, and the Soviet Union which occupying the Eastern regions. The controversial relationship with Moscow has seen several diametrical breaks from a positive alliance after the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Axis powers in 1941, to a very critical relationship with the USSR after the revelation of the so-called Katyn massacre in 1943. With the approach of the Eastern Front to the frontiers of pre-war Poland, massive Polish Resistance was also activated to get rid of nazi domination and to restore of pre-war Poland. The neutralization of possible claims by the Soviets on the disputed eastern areas (Western Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania), respectively to prevent the crushing sovietization of Poland, it was also intended to serve a clear and world-wide resistance act in the sense of liberating at least Warsaw from the German occupation. This was to prevent the repeat of the situation in the east of the country, where the Red Army and the Soviet authorities overlooked the merits and interests of the Polish Resistance and Polish authorities. The contribution will therefore focus on the analysis of the causes, assumptions, course and consequences of the ultimate outcome of the unsuccessful efforts of the Armia Krajowa and the Warsaw inhabitants to liberate the city on their own and to determine the free post-war existence of the country.
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2

Waśkiewicz, Andrzej. "The Polish Home Army and the Politics of Memory." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 24, no. 1 (January 21, 2010): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325409354556.

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Politics of memory makes use as well as abuse of history. As any kind of politics, politics of memory are not guided by truth—they are guided by utility in a broad sense of the term. Truth and utility may coincide, and yet they are not close friends at all. Politics are, as the political scientists say, an open-ended game, and so they are politics of memory. They do not deprive people of the freedom of thinking any more than politics sensu stricto deprive them of freedom of behaviour. Some politics of memory are necessary for uniting people as fellow citizens. The point is that these particular ones the author is referring to in this article were bad politics; they divided, not united. The present article outlines the history of how the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and particularly the Warsaw Rising of 1944 have been treated and mistreated in the legitimising myths of the regime imposed on Poland in 1945, in the political system the Poles freely elected in 1989, and in the propaganda of the so-called Fourth Republic of Poland in 2005—7. The author intends to show how this controversial wartime event has been entangled in the politics of memory and why its exploitation for political purposes has turned it into a black-and-white picture that has stifled more balanced and less passionate opinions on its meaning and significance.
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Books on the topic "Poland. Armia. Armia "Modlin""

1

Władysław, Karbowski, ed. Armia "Modlin" 1939. Warszawa: Wydawn. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1987.

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2

Juszkiewicz, Ryszard. Walki o przedmościa: Różan, Pułtusk, Płock 1939. Warszawa: MAKO, 1992.

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3

Juszkiewicz, Ryszard. Wzywam Was do apelu--: Straty Korpusu Oficerskiego Armii "Modlin" w czasie drugiej wojny światowej. Warszawa: MAKO, 1995.

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4

Żaroń, Piotr. Armia Andersa. Toruń: Wydawn. Adam Marszałek, 1996.

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5

Bauer, Piotr. Armia "Poznań" 1939. Poznań: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1987.

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6

Steblik, Władysław. Armia "Kraków" 1939. 2nd ed. Warszawa: Wydawn. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1989.

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7

Saja, Piotr. Armia "Lublin" 1939. Toruń: Wydawn. Adam Marszałek, 2003.

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8

Armia "Prusy" 1939. Warszawa: Wydawn. Ministerstwa Oborony Narodowej, 1986.

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9

Bór-Komorowski, Tadeusz. Armia podziemna. 5th ed. London: Studium Polski Podziemnej, 1985.

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10

Bór-Komorowski, Tadeusz. Armia podziemna. 7th ed. Warszawa: Wydawn. Bellona, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Poland. Armia. Armia "Modlin""

1

Wojtaszak, Andrzej. "Wykorzystanie środowiska naturalnego w polskich planach przyszłej wojny w latach trzydziestych XX w." In Oblicza wojny. Tom 1. Armia kontra natura. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8220-055-3.16.

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In the last decade preceding the outbreak of World War II, the war threat of Poland was perceived by the highest political and military authorities. During the reign of Józef Piłsudski the question was asked: who was the war with? This question asked to the military and political decision makers confirmed three possibilities of the outbreak of the conflict: with Russia, with Germany and with Russia and Germany. The analyzes carried out took into account the use of the natural environment as an important element in the preparation of variants of strategic plans for the future war. Each of the plans took into account the complexity of the defense situation of the state (special, long line of borders, natural obstacles and lack thereof). The Polish military alliances were counted on. The Polish defensive war of 1939 turned out to be a conflict with two aggressors (the Third Reich and the USSR), and with the passivity of our Allies, the chances of victory were only hypothetical. The natural environment may help in the implementation of military action plans, but it does not replace the lack of military capabilities of the army.
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2

Łach, Wiesław. "Doświadczenia i wnioski z wojskowego wykorzystania obszaru Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich w XX w." In Oblicza wojny. Tom 1. Armia kontra natura. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8220-055-3.11.

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In the eastern part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, lies the Land of the Great Masurian Lakes. The line of these lakes during the First World War crossed the roads leading from the east into the German Reich, forcing the Russian army to circumvent it in 1914 and contributed to their defeat. In 1915, this entire natural defensive line was modernized and was ready for combat. However, in the interwar period it was additionally strengthened with a new fortification system. In 1940, the work started, in addition to expanding the existing fortificati on system, included the construction of a group of command posts for central state and military authorities (including headquarters for Adolf Hitler near Kętrzyn). In 1944, Germany prepared intensively for defense, expanding its fortification system, hoping that Masurian lakes would become the axis of defense. However, the nature of the combat operations in 1945 differed fundamentally from the 1914 fights. The Red Army broke the fortifications of the German defensive lines by maneuvering and destroying the areas of resistance. After the World War II, the lake area was within the Polish state. The army took over Gὅring’s headquarters in Broad Bor creating ammunition stores. The training ground in Orzysz and barracks facilities were used to locate military units in Węgorzewo and Giżycko. In the 1960s, using the natural conditions of the lakes, the 32nd Brigade of operational-tactical missiles was located in Orzysz. The close location of the Polish border with Russia in the 1990s meant that a German inventory of German fortifications and military facilities was carried out, and the Great Masurian Lakes are treated as an axis of possible tactical operations in northern Poland. The character of stationed units, which are operational in nature, has changed, and the training ground in Orzysz has become the base of allied forces.
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3

Kozyra, Waldemar. "Polityka administracyjna ministrów spraw wewnętrznych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w dziedzinie aprowizacji i jej wpływ na aprowizację armii polskiej w latach 1918–1939." In Oblicza wojny. Tom 1. Armia kontra natura. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8220-055-3.13.

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It should be noted that in the Republic of Poland in the years 1918–1939 the main state institutions in the field of provisioning were: in the period of 1918–1921 the Ministry of Provisioning, in the years 1921–1938 the Ministry of the Interior, and in the years 1938–1939 the Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Reforms. Of course, in the entire interwar period for the provision of state supplies, and especially its main supply subsystems, such as urban population (various categories of cities and settlements), rural population (individual regions of the country), Polish army, public administration, state enterprises, industrial plants, etc. many specialized state (administrative) institutions, self-government structures, business entities and social organizations worked. However, it should be emphasized with all force that the concepts of the provisioning policy, and then the forms and methods of its implementation arose in the central and supreme institutions of the state, which, by virtue of government laws and ordinances, received competences in this respect. It should be recalled that for a great part of the interwar period the supreme state institution in the field of food supply policy was the Ministry of the Interior. Therefore, without knowing the twists and turns of the administrative policy of the Interior Ministers in the field of food supply, it is impossible to understand the ways of provisioning the society during the Second Polish Republic, and especially the forms, methods and problems related to the provisioning of the Polish Army. Finally, it should be noted that the provisioning system of the Polish State – starting from its very beginning – has although sometimes with difficulty, coped with not only the burden of provisioning the Polish society with food and necessities, but also the provisioning of the Polish army during the wars (1918–1921), during peace (1921–1939) as well as during the German-Polish war of 1939.
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4

Grabarczyk, Tadeusz. "Kalendarz wojenny pospolitego ruszenia w czasach Władysława Jagiełły." In Oblicza wojny. Tom 1. Armia kontra natura. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8220-055-3.05.

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This article concerns the participation of knights in wars during the reign of Władysław Jagiełło (1386–1434). Its goal is to determine how often and for how long the king called up the army, which will allow to assess how absorbing war expeditions were for knights at that time. The analysis shows that the king called knights 22 times minimum, of which the army from all over the Kingdom of Poland (expeditio generalis) was issued seven times, the remaining mobilizations concerned knights from one province (expeditio particularis). In addition, there were also smaller-scale defensive clashes, mainly near the Polish borders with the Teutonic Order and Silesia (defensio terrae). From the announcement of mobilization to the gathering of troops, it took from 2 to 8 weeks, this time depended on whether the expedition from one province or the whole Kingdom was convened. Preparations for the latter took longer, because the knights needed more time to get to the place of concentration of troops. In the case of local activities, the fighti ng was carried out for 2–4 weeks, in the case of expeditio generalis the campaigns lasted 8–13 weeks. During the most intense war period of 1409–1422, knights were called up to eight times. Participation in wars was absorbing for knights. Most of the conflicts took place in the summer, which forced the nobility to leave their farms at harvest time. Participation in the wars was costly, and the king refused to pay any remuneration for participating in the expedition abroad, despite his commitment to do so in 1388. Starting from 1419, the deterioration of the relationship between the king and the knights during expeditions can be seen. Worsening of discipline in the army becomes apparent.
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5

Lahmiri, Salim. "An Exploration of Backpropagation Numerical Algorithms in Modeling US Exchange Rates." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 380–96. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7272-7.ch022.

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This chapter applies the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) trained with different numerical algorithms and technical analysis indicators as inputs to forecast daily US/Canada, US/Euro, US/Japan, US/Korea, US/Swiss, and US/UK exchange rate future price. The training algorithms are the Fletcher-Reeves, Polak-Ribiére, Powell-Beale, quasi-Newton (Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno, BFGS), and the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). The standard Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) process is adopted as a reference model for comparison. The performance of each BPNN and ARMA process is measured by computing the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), and Mean of Squared Errors (MSE). The simulation results reveal that the LM algorithm is the best performer and show strong evidence of the superiority of the BPNN over ARMA process. In sum, because of the simplicity and effectiveness of the approach, it could be implemented for real business application problems to predict US currency exchange rate future price.
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