Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polar Form

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polar Form'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Polar Form"

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Fabbri, Luca. "ELKO in polar form." European Physical Journal Special Topics 229, no. 11 (2020): 2117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2020-900222-3.

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Balcerak, Ernie. "How did Martian polar gullies form?" Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 50 (2011): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo500019.

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Candau, Yves, Tarek Raissi, Nacim Ramdani, and Laurent Ibos. "Complex Interval Arithmetic Using Polar Form." Reliable Computing 12, no. 1 (2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11155-006-2966-7.

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Wang, Aifeng, Hua Wei, and Guohui Huang. "Comparison of optimal reactive power flow model in the polar form and the mixed polar form." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 431 (February 25, 2020): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/431/1/012043.

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Hakioğlu, T. "Canonical-covariant Wigner function in polar form." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 17, no. 12 (2000): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.17.002411.

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Silverman, Herb. "POLAR FORM OF THE CAUCHY-RIEMANN EQUATIONS." PRIMUS 10, no. 3 (2000): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511970008965962.

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Lewbel, Arthur. "Aids, translog, and the Gorman polar form." Economics Letters 24, no. 2 (1987): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(87)90244-8.

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Anas, Al-Masarwah and Abd Ghafur Ahmad. "A new form of generalized m-PF Ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras." Annals of Communications in Mathematics 2, no. 1 (2019): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10041599.

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In this paper, we introduce a new kind of an m-polar fuzzy ideal of a BCK/ BCI-algebra called, an m-polar (∈, ∈ ∨q) fuzzy ideal and investigate some of its properties. Ordinary ideals and m-polar (∈, ∈ ∨ q) fuzzy ideals are connected by means of level cut subset. 
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Maciorowski, Robert, Zygmunt Nita, Krystyna Werwińska, and Sławomir Stankowski. "Plonowanie nowych krótkosłomych form owsa nagoziarnistego." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 239 (March 31, 2006): 123–35. https://doi.org/10.37317/biul-2006-0082.

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Doświadczenia poletkowe przeprowadzono w latach 2003–2004. W 2003 roku porównywano 23 rody krótkosłome owsa nagoziarnistego z wprowadzonymi genami karłowatości z odmiany Bandicoot na tle wzorcowych odmian owsa nagoziarnistego Akt i Polar oraz odmiany oplewionej Chwat. W 2004 roku porównywano 18 rodów krótkosłomych owsa nagoziarnistego oraz jeden ród krótkosłomy — STH 5630 owsa oplewionego na tle wzorcowych odmian owsa: nagoziarnistego — Polar oraz oplewionego Chwat. U form krótkosłomych obserwowano redukcję wysokości roślin od 31% do 50% w stosunku do tradycyjnych nagoziarnistych odmian wzorcowych Polar i Akt. Względna redukcja wysokości roślin nie była uzależniona od warunków siedliskowych i przebiegu pogody w okresie wegetacji. Wyróżniono następujące rody: STH 7091 (nagoziarnisty) — charakteryzował się wysoką obsadą wiech oraz długą wiechą o małej liczbie ziaren, ale o wysokiej masie ziarniaków; STH 7146 (nagoziarnisty) — przy stosunkowo niższej obsadzie wiech uzyskiwał bardzo wysoki plon ziarna z wiechy, ale głównie dzięki dużej liczbie nieco słabiej wypełnionych ziaren; STH 5630 (oplewiony) — wytwarzał dużo wiech na jednostce powierzchni oraz wysoką liczbę słabiej wypełnionych ziaren w kłosie. Nie zanotowano wpływu genów karłowatości na przebieg i długość poszczególnych faz rozwojowych oraz na zmiany w liczbie ziaren oplewionych.
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Lepp, Stephen, Rebecca G. Martin, and Stephen H. Lubow. "Polar Circumtriple Planets and Disks Can Only Form Close to a Triple Star." Astrophysical Journal Letters 943, no. 1 (2023): L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acaf6d.

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Abstract Observations of protoplanetary disks around binary and triple star systems suggest that misalignments between the orbital plane of the stars and the disks are common. Motivated by recent observations of polar circumbinary disks, we explore the possibility of polar circumtriple disks and therefore polar circumtriple planets that could form in such a disk. With n-body simulations and analytic methods, we find that the inclusion of a third star, and the associated apsidal precession, significantly reduces the radial range of polar orbits so that circumtriple polar disks and planets can only be found close to the stellar system. Outside of a critical radius that is typically in the range of 3–10 times the outer binary separation, depending upon the binary parameters, the orbits behave the same as they do around a circular orbit binary. For some observed systems that have shorter-period inner binaries, the critical radius is considerably larger. If polar circumtriple planets can form, we suggest that it is likely that they form in a disk that was subject to breaking.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polar Form"

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AraÃjo, Adenildo Texeira de. "NÃmeros complexos: um estudo de aplicaÃÃes a trigonometria e as equaÃÃes algÃbricas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14006.

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O estudo dos nÃmeros complexos no ensino mÃdio à caracterizado, quase exclusivamente, pela abordagem algÃbrica deixando a parte geomÃtrica e suas aplicaÃÃes sem uma devida importÃncia. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre nÃmeros complexos bem como algumas de suas aplicaÃÃes tanto da parte algÃbrica, aplicada a polinÃmios, quanto da parte geomÃtrica aplicada em especial à trigonometria. De inÃcio fizemos uma abordagem dos fatos histÃricos desses nÃmeros citando alguns matemÃticos que deram suas contribuiÃÃes acerca desse conjunto complexo. Em seguida à apresentada a parte teÃrica, algÃbrica e geomÃtrica, bem como algumas aplicaÃÃes a trigonometria. Por fim apresentamos a teoria das equaÃÃes algÃbricas quadrÃticas e cÃbicas e a interaÃÃo dessas com os nÃmeros complexos.<br>The study of the complex numbers in the medium teaching is characterized, almost exclusively, for the algebraic approach leaving the geometric part and their applications without a due importance. This work presents a study on complex numbers as well as some of their applications so much of the algebraic part, applied to polynomials, as of the geometric part especially applied to the trigonometry. Of I begin did an approach of the historical facts of those numbers mentioning some mathematical that gave their contributions near of that complex group. Soon afterwards the part theoretical, algebraic and geometric is presented, as well as some applications the trigonometry. Finally we presented the theory of the quadratic and cubic algebraic equations and the interaction of those with the complex numbers.
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Abd, El Kader Magdy Ezzat. "Application of Hot-Melt Ink Jet Processes for Imaging at Offset Printing Form Cylinder." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200400092.

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The present work related to apply hot-melt ink-jet process for imaging at offset lithographic printing form, to utilise a reusable surface for many times and particularly related to validating thermal and ultrasonic erasing processes. This dissertation investigated systematically the role of certain factors towards affecting erasing image area process on print surfaces. Thermal erasing process approved to melt and suck the image area from the surface, the results were adopted by using contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscope. Ultrasonic erasing process permitted to solve the image area by choosing erasing chemistries, influence of selected erasing chemistries on printing surface, and evaluation the process, the results were tested by UV/Vis spectrometer, contact angle, profileometery and visual microscope<br>Der Fortschritt im Bereich von Charakterisierung und Verständnis für Hot-melt Ink Jet Prozesse zur Bebilderung von Offsetdruckform-Zylindern ist ein Ergebnis dieser Forschung. Die Systematik dieser Arbeit basiert auf einem theoretischen Teil, um einen geeigneten Löschprozess auszuwählen. Der Löschprozess hängt von den Eigenschaften des Hot-melt Ink Jet Materials und der genutzten Aluminiumdruckoberfläche ab. Diese werden systematisch im Labormaßstab experimentell untersucht. Der thermische Prozess wurde einerseits durch Benetzbarkeitsprüfungen und anderseites durch Rasterelektronmikroskopaufnahmen bewertet.Der Ultraschallprozess ist ein nasser Löschprozess. Die Untersuchungen wurden in vier Stufen systematisch durchgeführt - Auswahl vom geeigneten Lösungsmitteln - Einflüsse von ausgewählten Lösungsmitteln auf nicht beschichtete und beschichtete Aluminium platten - Evaluation eines Ultraschalllöschprozesses - Validation eines Löschprozesses; zur Bewertung des Löschprozesses wurden mehrere Druckplattenproben bebildert und gelöscht Die Ergebnisse wurden durch UV/Vis Spektrometer, Kontaktwinkel, Profiliometrie und Visuelle Mikroskopie getestet
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Gholami, Sara [Verfasser]. "Association of neighboring β-Strands to form the β-barrel structure of the voltage-dependent anion channel, human isoform 1 (hVDAC1) precedes membrane insertion and is largely driven by polar interactions between basic and acidic amino acid side-chains / Sara Gholami". Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1232431893/34.

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Liu, Ling. "Polar codes and polar lattices for efficient communication and source quantization." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/48001.

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In the past several decays, lattice codes played an important role in coding theory and information theory. Lattice codes with good performance in communication and source compression have attracted considerable interest. A typical method of constructing good lattice codes is to use existing linear codes. For instance, the famous Barnes-Wall lattices are generated by Reed-Muller (RM) codes, and more recently, the emerging low density Construction-A (LDA) lattices are resulted from low density parity check (LDPC) codes. In this thesis, we develop a new class of lattices, called polar lattices, based on polar codes. The invention of polar codes is considered to be one of the major breakthroughs in coding theory for the past ten years. We show that polar lattices provide explicit solutions for many interesting problems in information theory. For channel coding, we prove that polar lattices are capable of achieving the capacity of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. For the dual side, i.e., source compression, polar lattices can also achieve the rate-distortion bound for the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian source. Moreover, a combining design of polar lattices for both channel coding and source coding gives us explicit solutions to the Gaussian version of the Wyner-Ziv and Gelfand-Pinsker problems. For physical layer security, we prove that polar lattices are able to approach the secrecy capacity of the Gaussian wiretap channel under the strong secrecy criterion. Two more applications of polar lattices are achieving the capacity of the i.i.d. fading channel and extracting the common information of two joint Gaussian sources. The explicit construction of polar lattices provides us better insights on the study of lattice coding. Many interesting problems of lattice coding, such as AWGN goodness, secrecy-goodness, lattice shaping, and lattice Gaussian distribution will be addressed from the perspective of polar lattices.
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Zhou, Linghui. "Polar Codes for Identification Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232176.

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Identication systems are ubiquitous, for example, biometric identication systemswith ngerprints and Face IDs, etc. Basically, the identication problemconsists of two steps. The enrollment phase where the user's data are captured,compressed and stored, for example taking the ngerprint or capturing some importantfeatures of your face. In the identication phase, an observation, yourngerprint or your face, is compared with the stored information in the databaseto provide an armative answer. Since the system involves many users, bothstoring and searching for the correct user is challenging.This project aims to implement compression and identication algorithms forthe high dimensional identication system which includes M users. Polar codesare employed to be the main toolbox. Firstly, we implement polar codes for thesource compression and then design corresponding identication mappings. Thesource compression can be seen as the channel decoding of polar codes. In theidentication phase, the observation can be seen as the side information, so wewill consider using Wyner-Ziv coding for polar codes to reconstruct and identify.In the next step, we will implement polar codes for two-layer Wyner-Zivcoding for identication systems. This will enable us to store the compresseddata in separate databases and do the reconstruction in two stages. With theenrollment mapping and identication mapping implemented, we will evaluatethe performance of the designed identication systems, such as identicationerror rate and complexity. Some possible further directions would be to implementmore advanced algorithms such as simplied or fast simplied successivecancellation encoding in source coding and universal decoding in identication.<br>Identieringssystem frekommer verallt, till exempel, biometriska identieringssystemmed ngeravtryck och ansiktsigenknning, etc. Fundamentalt kan problemetbrytas ned i tv faser. Registreringsfasen dr data om anvndaren insamlas, komprimerasoch lagras, till exempel att ta ngeravtryck eller nna viktiga ansiktsdetaljer.I identieringsfasen, jmfrs en observation, ditt ngeravtryck elleransikte, med information som lagrats tidigare fr att ge ett positivt svar. Eftersomsystemet hanterar mnga anvndare r bde lagring och skning efter den rttaanvndaren utmanande.Syftet med detta projekt r att designa och implementera eektiva komprimeringsochidentieringsalgoritmer fr det hgdimensionella Identieringssystemet medM anvndare. Polar codes anvnds som det huvudsakliga verktyget. Frst implementerarvi polar codes fr eektiv kllkomprimering och designar sedan motsvarandeidentieringskartlggning. Kllkomprimering kan ses som kanalavkodningen avpolar codes och I identieringsfasen kan observationen ses som sido-informationen,s vi vervger att anvnda Wyner-Ziv kodning fr polar codes fr att rekonstrueraoch identiera. I nsta steg implementerar vi polar codes fr skra Wyner-Zivproblem. Detta tillter oss att spara komprimerad data i separata databaser ochterskapa med tv steg. Med registreringskarlggning och identieringskartlggningimplementerade utvrderar vi prestandan av de designade identieringssystemenmed metoder som felfrekvens av identieringar och berkningskomplexitet.
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Margerum, Michael Robert. "Equations of state for polar fluids." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5863.

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Peng, Liz Shihching. "p5.Polar - Programming For Geometric Patterns." Digital WPI, 2020. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1353.

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Traditional teaching methods are often passive and do not interactively engage students, and this is even more challenging when teaching programming to beginners. In recent years, tech companies such as Google, and academic institutions like MIT, have introduced online learning environments to schools for teaching programming. Most of these learning environments are web-based, interactive, and provide visual feedback. Our project follows these trends and builds on p5.js, a JavaScript library that provides software sketching features and rapid visual feedback to reduce the barrier for learning programming languages. We designed and implemented a new library for drawing geometric patterns using polar coordinate systems, p5.Polar. We then developed a game that incrementally teaches our library to players, and evaluated it with an online user study.
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Morlock, Allison. "Polar robot design for performance reliability." Thesis, Dartmouth College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1550975.

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<p> The <i>Cool Robot</i> is a solar powered autonomous robot designed to support summertime science campaigns in the Polar Regions. While the overall design was proven in a previous deployment to Summit Greenland, it lacked the robustness for longer campaigns, and the ergonomics of accessing the interior of the robot were arduous and time consuming. The objectives of this thesis were to 1) redesign the solar panel system for improved performance in wind and rough terrain and for easier assembly and access to inside of the robot chassis, 2) update the power system controls and electronics for reliable and robust operation, 3) update all electrical systems using common, off-the-shelf components, 4) establish a common code base and communication protocol used by other similarly designed robots, 5) provide permanent data logging capability to evaluate mobility and the power system performance, and 6) develop and implement a sensor-based framework for detecting and avoiding dangerous levels of tilt which could result in roll-over. All of these objectives aim to increase the performance reliability of the <i>Cool Robot</i>. The data logging capability allows for collecting data to evaluate performance of the new power system. The reliability of the <i>Cool Robot</i> will be tested during a summer mission to Summit Greenland.</p>
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Anderson, Hyrum Spencer. "Polar Sea Ice Mapping for SeaWinds." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/36.

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In recent years, the scientific community has expressed interest in the ability to observe global climate indicators such as polar sea ice. Advances in microwave remote sensing technology have allowed a large-scale and detailed study of sea ice characteristics. This thesis provides the analysis and development of sea ice mapping algorithms for the SeaWinds scatterometer. First, an in-depth analysis of the Remund Long (RL) algorithm for SeaWinds is performed. From this study, several improvements are made to the RL algorithm which enhance its performance. In addition, a new method for automated polar sea ice mapping is developed for the SeaWinds instrument. This method is rooted in Bayes decision theory, and incorporates an adaptive model for seasonally fluctuating sea ice and ocean microwave signatures. The new approach is compared to the RL algorithm, to passive microwave data, and to high-resolution SAR imagery for validation.
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Iodice, Enrichetta. "Formation Scenarios for Polar Ring Galaxies." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4321.

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Books on the topic "Polar Form"

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Hibbert, Clare. Polar workout. Evans, 2008.

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Elliot, Rachel. Brave little polar bear. Igloo Books, 2010.

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Woodford, Chris. Arctic tundra and polar deserts. 2nd ed. Heinemann Library, 2011.

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Chapman, Linda. Wild friends: Polar bear wish. Red Fox, 2012.

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Meg, Rutherford, ed. Swim polar bear, swim! André Deutsch Children's Books, 1996.

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Woodford, Chris. Arctic tundra and polar deserts. 2nd ed. Heinemann Library, 2011.

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Stace, Colin. 1992 New Zealand poplar and willow nursery survey. Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 1993.

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Carmichael, J. K. An investigation of shallow ground-water quality near East Fork Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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L, Gerlach C., and National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Characterization of mercury contamination at the East Fork Poplar Creek Site, Oak Ridge, Tennessee: A case study. National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Ford, Miela. On my own: Words and pictures. Greenwillow Books, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polar Form"

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Gallier, Jean. "Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Polar Form." In Texts in Applied Mathematics. Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0137-0_12.

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Gallier, Jean. "Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Polar Form." In Texts in Applied Mathematics. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9961-0_13.

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Kortemeyer, Jörg. "Two Further Representations: From the Polar Form to the Euler Form." In essentials. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34929-5_3.

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Brown, H. C., and M. Zaidlewicz. "By Addition to Polar Organometallics to Form Organoborates." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145241.ch23.

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Brown, Donald J. "Approximate Solutions of Walrasian and Gorman Polar Form Equilibrium Inequalities." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59512-8_4.

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Jessop, Bob. "Polar Bears and Class Struggle: Much Less than a Self-Criticism." In Post-Fordism and Social Form. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22407-4_8.

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Weidner, Matylda. "Chapter 4. Responses to polar questions in Polish." In Studies in Language and Social Interaction. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slsi.35.04wei.

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Using data from naturally occuring Polish conversations this chapter demonstrates how speakers of Polish answer polar questions. It offers a detailed conversation analytic examination of two response formats, particularly in their unexpanded form: (i) particle responses, which are used for confirming the terms and the action agenda of the question and which display the participants’ understanding of the status of the question as subsidiary to a larger course of action and (ii) repetitional responses, which are understood to do more than simple confirmation (e.g., to fullfil requests). By identifying the interactional circumstances for the choice of a particular format of a response, the chapter highlights the importance of social action as key to building and understanding polar question-answer sequences in Polish.
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García-Fernández, Eduardo. "Chapter 9. Intonational form and speaker belief in Mieres Asturian polar questions." In Sound, Syntax and Contact in the Languages of Asturias. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ihll.36.09gar.

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Vepsäläinen, Heidi, Anna Sundqvist, Marja-Leena Sorjonen, and Auli Hakulinen. "Chapter 10. Responding to polar questions without a polarity item ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in Finnish." In Studies in Language and Social Interaction. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slsi.35.10vep.

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Polar questions and their responses have been a subject of increasing interest for conversation analysts. This paper contributes to this research by studying answers to interrogatively formatted polar questions in Finnish that do not contain a separate element for expressing positive or negative polarity. We will show that the answers are used for a range of practices that form a continuum from cases where the polarity is implied to ones where the recipient, in their response, leaves it to the questioner to evaluate the quality of the response. Moving beyond the polarity of the question, these answers focus on what the recipient inferred to be the core relevance of the question, furthering the progressivity of the interaction by sustaining the ongoing project.
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Harjunpää, Katariina, and Ana Cristina Ostermann. "Chapter 3. Responding to polar questions in Brazilian Portuguese." In Studies in Language and Social Interaction. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slsi.35.03har.

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This paper explores the division of labor between particle and repetitional responses to polar questions in Brazilian Portuguese. We examine a response form that occurs both as a particle and as a verb repeat – the é-response – and compare its uses to repeat responses consisting of elements other than é. Freestanding and expanded responses are analyzed to gather evidence of the participants’ orientations to the epistemic and action commitments that the initial polar responses convey. The analyses indicate that é-responses (both particle and repeat) sufficiently confirm previously established information, for instance, in response to understanding checks. In contrast, when responding to requests for confirmation about a new matter, é responses only weakly confirm the proposition in the question, indicating that it might not be true, or treat it as ancillary. Importantly, é-responses do not affirm genuinely new information but instead suggest a lack of commitment to affirming the proposition. In order to provide a committed confirmation or affirmation, minimal repetitional responses other than é are used. The study thus sheds further light on é-responses in different sequential and action environments and on the role of repetitional responses in Brazilian Portuguese, including a discussion in relation to findings from other languages.
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Conference papers on the topic "Polar Form"

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Ko, Xueying, and Sumit Sharma. "Adsorption and Self-Assembly of Corrosion Inhibitors on Metallic Surfaces Studied Using Molecular Simulations." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15056.

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Abstract Organic corrosion inhibitors are widely used in oil and gas industry to mitigate the internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines. These inhibitor molecules are known to self-assemble and form a protective layer at the metal-water interfaces. In this work, we have studied adsorption and self-assembly of inhibitor molecules of different chemistries and geometry on polar surfaces using classical molecular dynamics simulations by employing a coarse-grained model. We show that (a) hydrophobic interactions between inhibitor tails play an important role in their adsorption and self-assembly on surfaces, (b) the morphology of the adsorbed film is dictated by the molecular geometry of inhibitors, and (c) metal-polar head group interactions change the nature of adsorbed corrosion inhibitor films. We also show that in an oil saturated aqueous phase, inhibitor molecules have a tendency to entrain oil molecules into the adsorbed films and this process dramatically changes their adsorbed morphology.
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Shani, Nitzan, Fan Cheng, Lev Deych, and Tal Carmon. "Imaging of localized whispering-gallery-modes in a cylindrical fiber." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jw2a.66.

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Modes of a dielectric cylindrical waveguide are characterized by three numbers: azimuthal number m, radial number, s, and a continuous propagation constant β.1 The azimuthal number determines the field dependence of the azimuthal angle φ of the cylindrical coordinate system with the polar axis along the axis of the cylinder in the form of exp (imφ). The radial number characterizes the behavior of the field in the radial direction and in an ideal cylinder is given by a cylindrical Bessel function Jm (κm,sr). Discrete values of the parameter κs characterizing the radial dependence of the field is determined by Maxwell boundary conditions. The propagation constant β describes the propagation of the mode along the axis of the fiber (Z-axis of the cylindrical coordinate system).
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Gallacher, B. J., and J. S. Burdess. "A Polar Form Rayleigh Wave Gyroscope." In 2023 DGON Inertial Sensors and Systems (ISS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iss58390.2023.10361934.

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Gong Chengming. "Implementation of polar form algorithms with the rectangular form complex number." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2010.5588093.

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Moiseev, Alexei, Olga Sil’chenko, Ivan Katkov, Victor P. Debattista, and C. C. Popescu. "Inner Polar Disks and Rings: How Do They Form?" In HUNTING FOR THE DARK: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF GALAXY FORMATION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3458503.

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Voelker, Richard P., Alexander Sutherland, Harold Owen, et al. "New Generation Polar Research Vessel." In SNAME 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2006-103.

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In 2003, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated a program to determine the national requirements for polar marine science in the Antarctic and to assess vessel characteristics for a new generation Polar Research Vessel (PRV). This paper describes the results of that investigation. Science requirements included a need for year-round operations covering a wide range of diverse activities in geographic areas currently inaccessible. These requirements were followed by a series of technical studies that provided an assessment of vessel size, hull form, and power plant to successfully operate in 1.4 m (4.5 ft) level ice.
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Chernov, V. E., D. L. Dorofeev, and B. A. Zon. "Rotational Rydberg states in polar molecules." In Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd59.

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The molecular Rydberg states have more complicated structure than the atomic ones. The phenomenon is due to the rotational spectrum being characteristic of molecules unlike atoms. Inasmuch as the distance between rotational levels of the molecular core is comparable to the distance between high excited levels in the pure Coulomb field, rotational states mix with Rydberg ones and form rotational-Rydberg (ro-Ry) states.
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Hicks, J. M., and K. B. Eisenthal. "Photoisomerization of Polar Molecules in Solution." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.mc4.

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To study the effects of the solvent on the dynamics of photoisomerization of polar molecules, the isomerization of p-dimethylamino-benzonitrile (DMABN) was studied in n-alcohol and n-nitrile solutions. DMABN undergoes both a structural change (90° twist about the amino–phenyl bond) and an electronic change (charge transfer from the dimethylamino portion to the benzonitrile moiety) in the excited state in polar solvents1. In the twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) model, B* refers to the planar form (twist angle of 0°), while A* refers to the twisted (90°) charge transfer state. In alkanes, only the B* fluorescence is observed, which indicates that the excited state potential surface connecting the planar and twisted forms is dependent on solvent polarity2. Despite numerous kinetic studies3–6, the role that the solvent plays in determining the dynamics of TICT is still the subject of controversy. We wish to clarify the effects of solvent viscosity, polarity and hydrogen bonding on the rate of the B* to A* transition. To accomplish this, the rate constants were measured for DMABN in a wide range of neat, normal nitriles and alcohols at various temperatures.
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Parque, Victor. "On a Class of Polar Log-Aesthetic Curves." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-72184.

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Abstract Curves are essential concepts that enable compounded aesthetic curves, e.g., to assemble complex silhouettes, match a specific curvature profile in industrial design, and construct smooth, comfortable, and safe trajectories in vehicle-robot navigation systems. New mechanisms able to encode, generate, evaluate, and deform aesthetic curves are expected to improve the throughput and the quality of industrial design. In recent years, the study of (log) aesthetic curves have attracted the community’s attention due to its ubiquity in natural phenomena such as bird eggs, butterfly wings, falcon flights, and manufactured products such as Japanese swords and automobiles. A (log) aesthetic curve renders a logarithmic curvature graph approximated by a straight line, and polar aesthetic curves enable to mode user-defined dynamics of the polar tangential angle in the polar coordinate system. As such, the curvature profile often becomes a by-product of the tangential angle. In this paper, we extend the concept of polar aesthetic curves and establish the analytical formulations to construct aesthetic curves with user-defined criteria. In particular, we propose the closed-form analytic characterizations of polar log-aesthetic curves meeting user-defined criteria of curvature profiles and dynamics of polar tangential angles. We present numerical examples portraying the feasibility of rendering the logarithmic curvature graphs represented by a straight line. Our approach enables the seamless characterization of aesthetic curves in the polar co-ordinate system, which can model aesthetic shapes with desirable aesthetic curvature profiles.
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Kowshik, Anagha K., Deepan Vetrivel, Ganesan Thiagarajan, and Sanjeev Gurugopinath. "Interactive Multiple Model-Based High-Resolution Tracking in Polar Form for Millimeter-Wave Radars." In 2024 National Conference on Communications (NCC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncc60321.2024.10485686.

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Reports on the topic "Polar Form"

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Cabrita, Maria Teresa, Ana David, and Gonçalo Vieira. Portuguese Polar Program Annual Report 2020. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20210001.

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The Portuguese Polar Program - PROPOLAR is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ( based at Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território ( of the University of Lisbon ( The coordination of PROPOLAR is led by the Centro de Estudos Geográficos from Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território University of Lisbon (CEG/IGOT ULISBOA), under a Coordinating Committee that includes members from 4 other research centres, namely the Centro de Ciências do Mar University of Algarve (CCMAR UALG), the Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente University of Coimbra (MARE UC), the Centro de Química Estrutural from Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisboa (CQE/IST ULISBOA), and the Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental University of Oporto (CIIMAR U PORTO) Gonçalo Vieira (CEG/IGOT ULISBOA) is the Head of the program The remarkable effort and commitment of the Portuguese Polar scientists, within the framework of the International Polar Year ( 2007 08 were key to promote awareness of the importance of Polar science and research for Portugal A strategic plan encompassing three main objectives was then set out to i creating a Portuguese Polar Program focused on polar research and innovation and supporting the young generation of Polar scientists,scientists,( signing the Antarctic Treaty, and ( implementing a national Polar education and outreach program With the support of the FCT, PROPOLAR started in 2007 Portugal ratified the Antarctic Treaty in 2010 and the Madrid Protocol in 2014 and has established liaisons with major international Polar scientific and management organisations and networks PROPOLAR in close connection with the FCT, has ensured consolidation and sustainability of the development of Portuguese Polar science
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Borgeaud, Maurice, Jonathan Bamber, Anny Cazenave, et al. Earth Observation Groundbreaking Science Discoveries. ESA, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5270/essc-esa-eo-groundbreaking-science-2025.

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This document was prepared by the Earth Sciences Panel of the European Space Sciences Committee in response to the ESA contract 500104016 entitled “Ground-breaking science discoveries and successes enabled by ESA Earth Observation satellites”. This brochure showcases 12 ground-breaking scientific discoveries and successes enabled by the programme. These are divided into 3 cases for each of the 4 main thematic domains of the Earth sciences: atmosphere, ocean, land, and polar regions. The criteria used to define a “groundbreaking science discovery” include a clear “elevator pitch”, the “degree of astonishment”, and the jump in knowledge that the scientific discovery represents. All the cases illustrated are based on a discovery as described in the list of references at the end of the document. They draw primarily on data from ESA missions (ERS-1, ERS-2, ENVISAT, and Earth Explorers) and the European Commission’s Copernicus programme (Sentinels), but with additional insights gained from European national and NASA missions. Together with in-situ data and modelling, these findings form a vital foundation for informed decision-making to address and adapt to the profound changes humanity is driving within the Earth system. How to cite this document: Borgeaud, M., Bamber, J., Cazenave, A., Hegglin, M., Kerr, Y., Marcos, M., Massari, C., Tamminen, J., Rapley, C., L’Haridon, J. and Allison, C., Earth Observation Groundbreaking Science Discoveries, ESA publication, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5270/ESSC-ESA-EO-Groundbreaking-Science-2025
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BARKHATOV, NIKOLAY, and SERGEY REVUNOV. A software-computational neural network tool for predicting the electromagnetic state of the polar magnetosphere, taking into account the process that simulates its slow loading by the kinetic energy of the solar wind. SIB-Expertise, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0519.07122021.

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The auroral activity indices AU, AL, AE, introduced into geophysics at the beginning of the space era, although they have certain drawbacks, are still widely used to monitor geomagnetic activity at high latitudes. The AU index reflects the intensity of the eastern electric jet, while the AL index is determined by the intensity of the western electric jet. There are many regression relationships linking the indices of magnetic activity with a wide range of phenomena observed in the Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere. These relationships determine the importance of monitoring and predicting geomagnetic activity for research in various areas of solar-terrestrial physics. The most dramatic phenomena in the magnetosphere and high-latitude ionosphere occur during periods of magnetospheric substorms, a sensitive indicator of which is the time variation and value of the AL index. Currently, AL index forecasting is carried out by various methods using both dynamic systems and artificial intelligence. Forecasting is based on the close relationship between the state of the magnetosphere and the parameters of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This application proposes an algorithm for describing the process of substorm formation using an instrument in the form of an Elman-type ANN by reconstructing the AL index using the dynamics of the new integral parameter we introduced. The use of an integral parameter at the input of the ANN makes it possible to simulate the structure and intellectual properties of the biological nervous system, since in this way an additional realization of the memory of the prehistory of the modeled process is provided.
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Vieira, Gonçalo, Maria Teresa Cabrita, and Ana David. Portuguese Polar Program: Annual Report 2019. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20200002.

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This Annual Report of the Portuguese Polar Program, PROPOLAR reports the main activities conducted between August 2018 and December 2019 The PROPOLAR is led by the CEG/IGOT University of Lisbon, under a Coordinating Committee that includes members of other 4 Portuguese research institutions CCMAR University of the Algarve, MARE University of Coimbra, CQE University of Lisbon, and CIIMAR University of Oporto The Program is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia MCTES FCT) as a development of its former Polar Office The activities herein disclosed reflect a very busy and inspiring year The PROPOLAR supported fifteen projects that were successfully carried out in the Arctic and Antarctica Logistics continued to be based on international cooperation and on a Portuguese funded Antarctic flight open to partner programs Logistical support in Antarctica was mainly provided by Spain, Chile and the Republic of Korea, also with strong cooperation in research and facilities with Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Peru, Turkey, United States of America and Uruguay Participation in international meetings and workshops, as well as the organisation of a symposium and an international meeting, and the support provided to the Portuguese Conference on Polar Science, fulfilled and enriched this very active period, also helping to reinforce the credibility and relevance of the program in the international polar arena B ringing together all these efforts and resources will surely attract and mobilise more young researchers into a Polar scientific career, thus ensuring the future of the Portuguese Polar science, and that the program will continue to blossom We are confident that the successes that PROPOLAR has had in 2019 will serve as an impetus for our very dynamic and committed community of polar researchers to move forward in in vesting in the future of the Portuguese P olar science and preparing to seize new opportunities
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Gresser, Joseph D. Stable Biodegradable Polymers for Delivery of Both Polar and Non-Polar Drugs. Phase I. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb222994.

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Phillips, Sara, ed. Conditions ripe for Polar Silk Road. Monash University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/0159-a6da.

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Wilson, D., Vladimir Ostashev, Michael Shaw, et al. Infrasound propagation in the Arctic. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42683.

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This report summarizes results of the basic research project “Infrasound Propagation in the Arctic.” The scientific objective of this project was to provide a baseline understanding of the characteristic horizontal propagation distances, frequency dependencies, and conditions leading to enhanced propagation of infrasound in the Arctic region. The approach emphasized theory and numerical modeling as an initial step toward improving understanding of the basic phenomenology, and thus lay the foundation for productive experiments in the future. The modeling approach combined mesoscale numerical weather forecasts from the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model with advanced acoustic propagation calculations. The project produced significant advances with regard to parabolic equation modeling of sound propagation in a windy atmosphere. For the polar low, interesting interactions with the stratosphere were found, which could possibly be used to provide early warning of strong stratospheric warming events (i.e., the polar vortex). The katabatic wind resulted in a very strong low-level duct, which, when combined with a highly reflective icy ground surface, leads to efficient long-distance propagation. This information is useful in devising strategies for positioning sensors to monitor environmental phenomena and human activities.
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Douglas, Thomas, Lauren Bosche, Edith Martinez-Guerra, et al. International Workshop on Cold Regions Defense Infrastructure : 13–15 September 2022, Hanover, New Hampshire. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47422.

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The Inaugural International Workshop on Cold Regions Defense Infrastructure united engineers and scientists of the US Department of Defense with defense representatives from the other nations comprising the International Cooperative Engagement Program for Polar Research (ICE-PPR): Canada, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and New Zealand. Through the ICE-PPR Memorandum of Understanding, Project Arrangements (PAs) enable the seven nations to share measurements, models, and access to research sites and facilities. The goal of the workshop was to work as a coherent team to identify needs and develop PAs for three major topic areas: infrastructure, water/wastewater, and energy. Increasing interest in earth’s polar regions necessitates identifying capabilities and gaps for these critical mission-relevant topic areas.
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Lever, James, and Jason Weale. High efficiency fuel sleds for Polar traverses. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43445.

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We describe here the evolution of lightweight, high-efficiency fuel sleds for Polar over-snow traverses. These sleds consist of flexible bladders strapped to sheets of high molecular weight polyethylene. They cost 1/6th, weigh 1/10th and triple the fuel delivered per towing tractor compared with steel sleds. An eight-tractor fleet has conducted three 3400-km roundtrips to South Pole with each travers delivering 320,000 kg of fuel while emitting &lt;1% the pollutants, consuming 1/2 the fuel and saving $1.6 M compared with aircraft resupply. A two tractor fleet in Greenland recently delivered 83,000 kg of fuel in bladder sleds to Summit with similar benefits. Performance monitoring has revealed that bladder-sled towing resistance is largely governed by sliding friction, which can start high and drop in half over the first 30 min of travel. Frictional heating probably produces a thin water layer that lubricates the sled–snow interface. Consequently, towing resistance depends on the thermal budget of the sled. For example, black fuel bladders increase solar gain and thus decrease sled resistance; data suggest they could double again the fuel delivered per tractor. The outstanding efficiency and low cost of these sleds has transformed fuel delivery to Polar research stations.
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Bejarano Segura, Daniel. Operaciones de suma y resta con números complejos de forma binómica, polar y trigonométrica. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2023. https://doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.110.

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Los números complejos son una extensión de los números reales que permite trabajar con raíces cuadradas de números negativos. Estos números tienen una gran importancia en el campo de la ingeniería civil y de sistemas, ya que permiten modelar y resolver problemas en diversas áreas como la electrónica, la mecánica, la hidráulica, entre otras. Las operaciones fundamentales de los números complejos son la suma, la resta, la multiplicación y la división, las cuales pueden realizarse en la forma binómica, polar y trigonométrica. La forma binómica representa los números complejos como una suma o resta de una parte real y una parte imaginaria, mientras que la forma polar y trigonométrica los representan como un módulo y un ángulo. Estas formas permiten realizar operaciones más eficientes y simplificadas, lo que facilita la solución de problemas en la ingeniería civil y de sistemas. Además, los números complejos también tienen aplicaciones en el diseño de estructuras, el análisis de circuitos eléctricos y la programación de sistemas informáticos.
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