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Journal articles on the topic 'Polar Form'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Fabbri, Luca. "ELKO in polar form." European Physical Journal Special Topics 229, no. 11 (2020): 2117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2020-900222-3.

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2

Balcerak, Ernie. "How did Martian polar gullies form?" Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 50 (2011): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo500019.

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3

Candau, Yves, Tarek Raissi, Nacim Ramdani, and Laurent Ibos. "Complex Interval Arithmetic Using Polar Form." Reliable Computing 12, no. 1 (2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11155-006-2966-7.

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4

Wang, Aifeng, Hua Wei, and Guohui Huang. "Comparison of optimal reactive power flow model in the polar form and the mixed polar form." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 431 (February 25, 2020): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/431/1/012043.

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5

Hakioğlu, T. "Canonical-covariant Wigner function in polar form." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 17, no. 12 (2000): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.17.002411.

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6

Silverman, Herb. "POLAR FORM OF THE CAUCHY-RIEMANN EQUATIONS." PRIMUS 10, no. 3 (2000): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511970008965962.

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7

Lewbel, Arthur. "Aids, translog, and the Gorman polar form." Economics Letters 24, no. 2 (1987): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(87)90244-8.

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8

Anas, Al-Masarwah and Abd Ghafur Ahmad. "A new form of generalized m-PF Ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras." Annals of Communications in Mathematics 2, no. 1 (2019): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10041599.

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In this paper, we introduce a new kind of an m-polar fuzzy ideal of a BCK/ BCI-algebra called, an m-polar (∈, ∈ ∨q) fuzzy ideal and investigate some of its properties. Ordinary ideals and m-polar (∈, ∈ ∨ q) fuzzy ideals are connected by means of level cut subset. 

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9

Maciorowski, Robert, Zygmunt Nita, Krystyna Werwińska, and Sławomir Stankowski. "Plonowanie nowych krótkosłomych form owsa nagoziarnistego." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 239 (March 31, 2006): 123–35. https://doi.org/10.37317/biul-2006-0082.

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Doświadczenia poletkowe przeprowadzono w latach 2003–2004. W 2003 roku porównywano 23 rody krótkosłome owsa nagoziarnistego z wprowadzonymi genami karłowatości z odmiany Bandicoot na tle wzorcowych odmian owsa nagoziarnistego Akt i Polar oraz odmiany oplewionej Chwat. W 2004 roku porównywano 18 rodów krótkosłomych owsa nagoziarnistego oraz jeden ród krótkosłomy — STH 5630 owsa oplewionego na tle wzorcowych odmian owsa: nagoziarnistego — Polar oraz oplewionego Chwat. U form krótkosłomych obserwowano redukcję wysokości roślin od 31% do 50% w stosunku do tradycyjnych nagoziarnistych odmian wzorcowych Polar i Akt. Względna redukcja wysokości roślin nie była uzależniona od warunków siedliskowych i przebiegu pogody w okresie wegetacji. Wyróżniono następujące rody: STH 7091 (nagoziarnisty) — charakteryzował się wysoką obsadą wiech oraz długą wiechą o małej liczbie ziaren, ale o wysokiej masie ziarniaków; STH 7146 (nagoziarnisty) — przy stosunkowo niższej obsadzie wiech uzyskiwał bardzo wysoki plon ziarna z wiechy, ale głównie dzięki dużej liczbie nieco słabiej wypełnionych ziaren; STH 5630 (oplewiony) — wytwarzał dużo wiech na jednostce powierzchni oraz wysoką liczbę słabiej wypełnionych ziaren w kłosie. Nie zanotowano wpływu genów karłowatości na przebieg i długość poszczególnych faz rozwojowych oraz na zmiany w liczbie ziaren oplewionych.

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10

Lepp, Stephen, Rebecca G. Martin, and Stephen H. Lubow. "Polar Circumtriple Planets and Disks Can Only Form Close to a Triple Star." Astrophysical Journal Letters 943, no. 1 (2023): L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acaf6d.

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Abstract Observations of protoplanetary disks around binary and triple star systems suggest that misalignments between the orbital plane of the stars and the disks are common. Motivated by recent observations of polar circumbinary disks, we explore the possibility of polar circumtriple disks and therefore polar circumtriple planets that could form in such a disk. With n-body simulations and analytic methods, we find that the inclusion of a third star, and the associated apsidal precession, significantly reduces the radial range of polar orbits so that circumtriple polar disks and planets can only be found close to the stellar system. Outside of a critical radius that is typically in the range of 3–10 times the outer binary separation, depending upon the binary parameters, the orbits behave the same as they do around a circular orbit binary. For some observed systems that have shorter-period inner binaries, the critical radius is considerably larger. If polar circumtriple planets can form, we suggest that it is likely that they form in a disk that was subject to breaking.

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11

Mannion, D. J., and C. W. G. Clifford. "Cortical and behavioral sensitivity to eccentric polar form." Journal of Vision 11, no. 6 (2011): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.6.17.

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12

Schaffer, M. D., and D. J. Tylavsky. "A nondiverging polar-form Newton-based power flow." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 24, no. 5 (1988): 870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.8993.

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13

Didukh. "A MODIFIED FORM OF THE POLAR MODEL OF CRYSTALS." Condensed Matter Physics 1, no. 1 (1998): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.1.1.125.

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14

SAKAI, O. "Possible form of multi-polar interaction in cubic lattice." Physica B: Condensed Matter 329-333 (May 2003): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(02)02549-8.

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15

Duchene, J. "A new form of discriminant surfaces using polar coordinates." Pattern Recognition 20, no. 4 (1987): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(87)90070-7.

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16

Biel, Wioletta, Krum Petkov, Robert Maciorowski, Zygmunt Nita, and Izabela Jaskowska. "Ocena jakości ziarna różnych form owsa na podstawie składu chemicznego." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 239 (March 31, 2006): 205–11. https://doi.org/10.37317/biul-2006-0090.

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Materiał badawczy stanowiło ziarno pochodzące z doświadczenia poletkowego przeprowadzonego w RSD Lipnik k. Stargardu Szczecińskiego w 2003 roku. Do badań jakościowych wybrano rody: STH 15944, STH 7091, STH 16316 i porównywano je z odmianami nagoziarnistymi (Polar i Akt) oraz z odmianą oplewioną — Chwat. Owies nagoziarnisty zawiera około 20% więcej białka ogólnego w ziarnie i ponad 66% tłuszczu surowego. Mniejsza zawartość włókna surowego oraz strukturalnych frakcji włókna w odmianach owsa nagoziarnistego stwarzają nowe możliwości wykorzystania tego zboża w żywieniu zwierząt monogastrycznych. Badane rody krótkosłome owsa nagoziarnistego tylko sporadycznie wykazywały gorsze parametryi jakościowe ziarna w porównaniu z wzorcowymi odmianami nagoziarnistymi Akt i Polar.

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17

Looney, N. E., J. S. Taylor, and R. P. Pharis. "Relationship of Endogenous Gibberellin and Cytokinin Levels in Shoot Tips to Apical Form in Four Strains of ‘McIntosh’ Apple." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 3 (1988): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.3.395.

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Abstract Shoot tips collected in June from ‘Summerland Red McIntosh’ (nonspur), ‘Macspur’, ‘Morspur’, and ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were examined for polar and less-polar gibberellins (GAs) and for cytokinin-like bioactivity. The latter three strains are increasingly compact and spurry, with ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ exhibiting a distinctive columnar growth habit. ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ shoot tips exhibited significantly lower levels of polar GAs, but the levels of less-polar GAs were similar in all four strains. Conversely, ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ displayed higher levels of cytokinin-like substances than the other three strains. These results are discussed in relation to the physiology of the spur-type growth habit of ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ apple and its progeny.

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18

Ninova, Silviya, and Ulrich Aschauer. "Anion-order driven polar interfaces at LaTiO2N surfaces." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 5 (2019): 2129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10230a.

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19

Crane-Robinson, Colyn. "Role of Water in Defining the Structure and Properties of B-Form DNA." Crystals 12, no. 6 (2022): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060818.

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DNA in the cell is rarely naked but normally protein-bound in nucleosomes. Of special interest is the DNA bound to other factors that control its key functions of transcription, replication, and repair. For these several transactions of DNA, the state of hydration plays an important role in its function, and therefore needs to be defined in as much detail as possible. High-resolution crystallography of short B-form duplexes shows that the mixed polar and apolar surface of the major groove binds water molecules over the broad polar floor of the groove in a sequence-dependent varied manner. In contrast, the narrower minor groove, particularly at AT-rich segments, binds water molecules to the polar groups of the bases in a regular double layer reminiscent of the structure of ice. This review is largely devoted to measurements made in solution, principally calorimetric, that are fully consistent with the location of water molecules seen in crystals, thereby emphasizing the substantial difference between the hydration patterns of the two grooves.

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20

Vanakaras, Alexandros G., Edward T. Samulski, and Demetri J. Photinos. "Polar-Twisted, Nano-Modulated Nematics: Form Chirality and Physical Properties." Liquids 4, no. 4 (2024): 768–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/liquids4040043.

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Recently, two new polymorphs have been added to the nematic class: the polar-twisted nematic (NPT) in 2016 and the ferroelectric nematic (NF) in 2020. Comprised of achiral molecules, both exhibit local polar ordering and adopt modulated structures, right- and left-handed helical organizations—form chirality—albeit on vastly different dimensional scales; modulations have a ~10 nanometer pitch in the NPT and ~500 nm in the NF. Here, we focus on the structure and symmetries of the NPT phase and the ensuing physical properties. Based on an array of order parameters that fully describe the molecular ordering and the nano-modulations thereof, we present a consistent formulation of the dielectric, optical, surface anchoring, and elasticity properties of the NPT materials. We show that these properties are distinctly different from those associated with an elastically modulated, locally uniaxial, nematic.

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21

Fleming, Patrick J., and George D. Rose. "Do all backbone polar groups in proteins form hydrogen bonds?" Protein Science 14, no. 7 (2005): 1911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.051454805.

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22

Dickinson, J. Edwin, and David R. Badcock. "Selectivity for coherence in polar orientation in human form vision." Vision Research 47, no. 24 (2007): 3078–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.08.016.

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23

Mbakogu, F. C., and M. N. Pavlović. "Closed-form fundamental-frequency estimates for polar orthotropic circular plates." Applied Acoustics 54, no. 3 (1998): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-682x(97)00094-7.

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24

Williams, C. W., R. N. Zare, and E. Arunan. "Do identical polar diatomic molecules form stacked or linear dimers?" Resonance 19, no. 8 (2014): 704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-014-0078-y.

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25

Ford, R. A., and M. H. Hamdan. "Analysis of the polar form of the von Mises transformation." Applied Mathematics and Computation 72, no. 2-3 (1995): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0096-3003(94)00184-6.

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26

Guo, Fuhai, Jian Zhao, Feixiang Li, et al. "Polar crystalline phases of PVDF induced by interaction with functionalized boron nitride nanosheets." CrystEngComm 22, no. 37 (2020): 6207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01001d.

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27

Du Hai-Ting, Zhou Xiao-Yi, Ni Qi-Ying, Chen Kang, Tian Wen-De, and Zhang Tian-Hui. "Effect of attractive interactions on collective behavior in Quincke active colloidal systems." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 11 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250292.

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Active matter can form various collective motions. In dry and repulsive systems, a uniform polar fluid emerges in the presence of an aligning mechanism. Theoretical studies have shown that in active systems with attractive interactions, particles can achieve spontaneous velocity alignment and form clusters through the synergistic effect of self-propulsion and attraction. However, the effect of attractions on collective behaviors is so far not well addressed experimentally. In this study, an electric field-driven Quincke system, where an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) long-range attraction is present, is employed to investigate the effect of attraction on the collective behavior. It is found that the long-range attraction can significantly improve the interacting time in collision and thus enhance velocity alignment. The aligned particles can form dynamic polar clusters. Moreover, in the presence of a long-range attraction, a uniform polar fluid is unstable: density fluctuations leads to denser polar clusters which share the same direction of collective motion with the polar fluid. Our findings show that the attraction between active individuals can significantly alter the microscopic and macroscopic dynamics of active systems and provide insights for understanding chemotactic attraction phenomena in biological systems.

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28

Ansah, Mercy Akrofi. "Polar interrogatives in Lɛtɛ Discourse". Legon Journal of the Humanities 32, № 2 (2022): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v32i2.2.

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The use of special intonation patterns, interrogative particles, the addition of tags, disjunctive structures, a change in the order of constituents, and particularly verbal inflection are among strategies for forming polar questions. This paper describes the use of a special intonation pattern, the use of interrogative tags in tandem with a special intonation pattern, and the use of question particles in conjunction with a special intonation pattern to form polar questions in Lɛtɛ. The paper further discusses social norms governing the use of polar interrogatives in Lɛtɛ discourse. Lɛtɛ is a less-studied South-Guan language of the Kwa family of Ghana. Data for this study form part of a larger database collected in the speech community – Larteh. Praat was used to analyse the pitch patterns of the polar questions informants produced. The paper demonstrates that Lɛtɛ polar interrogatives are marked by a sharp falling intonation and not a rising intonation as claimed in prior studies.

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29

Ahn, Dorothy, Ankana Saha, and Uli Sauerland. "Positively polar plurals: Theory and predictions." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 30 (March 2, 2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v30i0.4851.

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Several researchers have suggested that languages vary as to whether number marking on noun phrases is obligatory or optional. We develop an implementation of this idea within a theory that assumes that the plural is a semantically vacuous, unmarked number (Sauerland et al. 2015 and others). We then explore the semantic consequences of this proposal. One striking prediction of the proposal is that plural nouns should be ungrammatical in antitone environments in languages where number marking is optional, i.e. plurals should be positive polarity items in optional number languages. This prediction arises because the plural form is equivalent to the number neutral bare form in optional number languages. The Efficiency requirement of Meyer 2013 therefore predicts that plurals require local exhaustification in optional number languages since otherwise the bare form is more efficient. Because bare forms are impossible in obligatory number languages, plurals are not predicted to be positive polarity items in such languages. We conclude with an outlook on how to empirically verify the predictions of the theory we presented.

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30

Gregor, Tomáš. "Three-Polar Space Over the Semi-Field of Double Numbers." Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 61, no. 1 (2014): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tmmp-2014-0034.

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Abstract Multi-polar space is a generalization of the notion of vector space. In this paper, we deal with a three-polar vector space over a semi-field of double (hyperbolic complex) numbers. We introduce and study operations of addition and multiplication such that they form a commutative ring with unit on the three-polar space

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31

Cruwys, Liz, and Gareth Rees. "The Polar Record Glacier." Polar Record 37, no. 201 (2001): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400026991.

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AbstractThe name for the Polar Record Glacier was approved in February 1952. At that time, the glacier was reported to possess an ice tongue that flowed into Sandefjord Ice Bay. In autumn 2000, AVHRR images were examined to assess whether the Polar Record ice tongue was still extant. It was found that there is an ice feature currently about 15 miles in length at the end of the glacier, although its orientation has changed since it was first surveyed in 1947. A fissure indicates that the tongue has calved to form an iceberg that is probably grounded.

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32

Gutjahr, Oliver, and Carolin Mehlmann. "Polar Lows and Their Effects on Sea Ice and the Upper Ocean in the Iceland, Greenland, and Labrador Seas." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 129, no. 7 (2024): e2023JC020258. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020258.

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Abstract Using two case studies, we analyze the effects of explicitly resolving polar lows in a global climate model (ICON-Sapphire) with a high resolution of 2.5 km on the upper ocean and sea ice. We aim to understand the mechanism of how polar lows form in a global coupled model and how they interact with the upper ocean and sea ice. When polar lows form at the sea ice edge, they induce marine cold air outbreaks that lead to large heat loss from the ocean. This heat loss contributes to dense water formation in the Iceland and Greenland Seas, which replenishes the climatically important Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). The high wind speeds of polar lows open leads and polynyas in the sea ice cover, such as the Sirius Water Polynya in northeastern Greenland. Heat loss in polynyas is compensated for by the formation of new ice, and the rejected brine densifies the water on the Greenland shelf. In the Labrador Sea, polar lows intensify cold air outbreaks from the sea ice and rapidly deepen the ocean mixed layer. Resolving polar lows and kinematic features in the sea ice improves the realism of climate models, in particular the surface heat loss and the dense water formation in (sub)polar oceans.

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33

Ali, H. Shah, Hussien Miry Abbas, and M. Salman Tariq. "Automatic modulation classification ased b deep learning with mixed feature." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 2 (2023): 1647–53. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1647-1653.

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The automatic modulation classification (AMC) plays an important and necessary role in the truncated wireless signal, which is used in modern communications. The proposed convolution neural network (CNN) for AMC is based on a method of feature expansion by integrating I/Q (time form) with r/Ɵ (polar form) in order to take advantage of two things: first, feature expansion helps to increase features; the second is that converting to polar form helps to increase classification accuracy for higher order modulation due to diversity in polar form. CNN consists of six blocks. Each block contains symmetric and asymmetric filters, as well as max and average pooling filters. This paper uses DeepSig: RadioML which is a dataset of 24 modulation classes. The proposed network has outperformed many recent papers in terms of classification accuracy for 24 modulation types, with a classification accuracy of up to 96.06 at an SNR=20 dB.

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34

Vadivelu, Anantha Lakshmi, Sathapathy Panduranga Vittal, and Duvvuri Suryakala. "UHPLC Specific Method for Simultaneous Determination of Probable Impurities of Ezetimibeand Simvastatin in Combined Dosage Form." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 40, no. 1 (2024): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/400128.

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Method development, degradation impurities that may appear in Ezetimibe, Simvastatin tablets with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC or UPLC) technique. Water’s Acquity High strength (HSS) T31.8µ, 100x 2.1mm column is used for critical separation between closely eluting impurities originating from the combined dosage form. Perchloric acid buffer (1.0 mL/L)and acetonitrile are selected as Elution phase A, B. The resolution between polar, mid polar and highly polar impurities is achieved with flow of 0.5 mL per minute in step gradient mode with short run time. Detection was done at 238nm for quantification of both Ezetimibe and Simvastatin impurities. Method validation is performed as per compound requirement. The validated UHPLC method is specific and stability demonstrating for process or degradation impurities that may originate from drug product or peaks appears during stress degradation in Ezetimibe and Simvastatin tablets . The method was accurate, robust and validation is as per ICH guide lines. The results are more reliable, precise and reproducible.

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35

Fadhillah Makuasong, Novita, and Novi . "The Investigation of The Imperative Sentences In The Oral Language of Geliting Community." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 5, no. 1 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2021.v05.i01.p05.

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Every language has its way of switching a positive sentence to a question form. However, the way each language does this is based on a grammar set. Besides this, in every language of the world, there are polar questions and there are content questions. In polar questions, a yes/no answer is adequate as a response; while content questions require sentential structure as an answer. In this study, the writer describes the polar questions formation and content questions formation in Geliting dialect, a language situated within Sikka speech form, spoken in Maumere, Flores island Southeast island. This study shows that Geliting dialect operates a kind of derivation in its interrogative formation.

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36

Stoll, Patrick Johannes, Thomas Spengler, Annick Terpstra, and Rune Grand Graversen. "Polar lows – moist-baroclinic cyclones developing in four different vertical wind shear environments." Weather and Climate Dynamics 2, no. 1 (2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-19-2021.

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Abstract. Polar lows are intense mesoscale cyclones that develop in polar marine air masses. Motivated by the large variety of their proposed intensification mechanisms, cloud structure, and ambient sub-synoptic environment, we use self-organising maps to classify polar lows. The method is applied to 370 polar lows in the north-eastern Atlantic, which were obtained by matching mesoscale cyclones from the ERA-5 reanalysis to polar lows registered in the STARS dataset by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. ERA-5 reproduces most of the STARS polar lows. We identify five different polar-low configurations which are characterised by the vertical wind shear vector, the change in the horizontal-wind vector with height, relative to the propagation direction. Four categories feature a strong shear with different orientations of the shear vector, whereas the fifth category contains conditions with weak shear. This confirms the relevance of a previously identified categorisation into forward- and reverse-shear polar lows. We expand the categorisation with right- and left-shear polar lows that propagate towards colder and warmer environments, respectively. For the strong-shear categories, the shear vector organises the moist-baroclinic dynamics of the systems. This is apparent in the low-pressure anomaly tilting with height against the shear vector and the main updrafts occurring along the warm front located in the forward-left direction relative to the shear vector. These main updrafts contribute to the intensification through latent heat release and are typically associated with comma-shaped clouds. Polar-low situations with a weak shear, which often feature spirali-form clouds, occur mainly at decaying stages of the development. We thus find no evidence for hurricane-like intensification of polar lows and propose instead that spirali-form clouds are associated with a warm seclusion process.

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37

Shah, Ali H., Abbas Hussien Miry, and Tariq M. Salman. "Automatic modulation classification based deep learning with mixed feature." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 2 (2023): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1647-1653.

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<span lang="EN-US">The automatic modulation classification (AMC) plays an important and necessary role in the truncated wireless signal, which is used in modern communications. The proposed convolution neural network (CNN) for AMC is based on a method of feature expansion by integrating I/Q (time form) with r/Ɵ (polar form) in order to take advantage of two things: first, feature expansion helps to increase features; the second is that converting to polar form helps to increase classification accuracy for higher order modulation due to diversity in polar form. CNN consists of six blocks. Each block contains symmetric and asymmetric filters, as well as max and average pooling filters. This paper uses DeepSig: RadioML which is a dataset of 24 modulation classes. The proposed network has outperformed many recent papers in terms of classification accuracy for 24 modulation types, with a classification accuracy of up to 96.06 at an SNR=20 dB.</span>

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38

Mager, Sarah M., Inga J. Smith, Edward W. Kempema, Benjamin J. Thomson, and Gregory H. Leonard. "Anchor ice in polar oceans." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 37, no. 4 (2013): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133313479815.

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One feature of high-latitude areas is the formation of ice clusters attached to the beds of rivers, lakes and the sea. This anchor ice, as it is widely known, plays an important role in mobilizing bed sediments, as well as ecological roles as a food source, habitat and potentially fatal environment. Much work has been devoted to fluvial anchor ice in the Northern Hemisphere, yet comparatively little work has described anchor ice in polar marine environments, despite its description by Antarctic expedition scientists over a century ago. In this paper, we review the current understanding of anchor ice formation in polar marine environments. Supercooled water is a necessity for anchor ice to form and frazil adhesion is the most likely common mechanism for initial anchor ice growth. Strong biological zonation has led some authors to suggest that anchor ice does not form to depths of greater than 33 m, yet in Antarctica there appear to be no physical reasons for such a limit given the production of supercooled water to substantial depths associated with ice shelves. Future work should focus on the potential extent of anchor ice production and identify the key oceanographic, glaciological and meteorological conditions conducive to its formation.

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Bashir, Shahida, Ahmad N. Al-Kenani, Maria Arif, and Rabia Mazhar. "A new method to evaluate regular ternary semigroups in multi-polar fuzzy environment." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 7 (2022): 12241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022680.

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<abstract> <p>Theory of $m$-polar fuzzy set deals with multi-polar information. It is used when data comes from $m$ factors $\left({m \ge 2} \right)$. The primary objective of this work is to explore a generalized form of $m$-polar fuzzy subsemigroups, which is $m$-polar fuzzy ternary subsemigroups. There are many algebraic structures which are not closed under binary multiplication that is a reason to study ternary operation of multiplication such as the set of negative integer is closed under the operation of ternary multiplication but not closed for the binary multiplication. This paper, presents several significant results related to the notions of $m$-polar fuzzy ternary subsemigroups, $m$-polar fuzzy ideals, $m$-polar fuzzy generalized bi-ideals, $m$-polar fuzzy bi-ideals, $m$-polar fuzzy quasi-ideals and $m$-polar fuzzy interior ideals in ternary semigroups. Also, it is proved that every $m$- polar fuzzy bi-ideal of ternary semigroup is an $m$-polar fuzzy generalized bi-ideal of ternary semigroup but converse is not true in general. Moreover, this paper characterizes regular and intra-regular ternary semigroups by the properties of $m$-polar fuzzy ideals, $m$-polar fuzzy bi-ideals.</p> </abstract>

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Alimot, Folake Eleshin-Ajikobi. "Minimalist program, Olùkùmi, Polar particle, Polar question, Tone-morph." Journal of Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies (JLLLS) 5, no. 1 (2025): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14845235.

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This study investigates polar questions in Olùkùmi, an island dialect of Yorùbá.  Clauses have unique peculiarities that distinguish one clause type from another in every language. This informs why a question construction can be differentiated from any other construction type. Question construction is of various types one of which is the polar question that is the focus of this paper. A polar question is the question type that expects affirmation or rejection. Studies on Olùkùmi have paid little attention to question types. Hence, this study aims to fill this gap in language documentation by illustrating the derivation, projection, and possible responses to polar questions in Olùkùmi.  This study adopts a qualitative method, and the frame technique is used for data collection to get relevant structural samples from competent native speakers in the Ugbódù community, Delta state, Nigeria. Chomsky’s Minimalist Program is adopted as the theoretical framework. Findings show that Olùkùmi uses a high-low tone morph under the special intonation pattern which takes the last vocalic anchor of an affirmative construction as a polar particle. The particle surfaces sentence finally changes the status of a declarative construction to a polar construction. Also, It was discovered that polar question derivation in Olùkùmi has a limited overt particle/marker and its response could either be hẹ́hẹ̀hẹ́/báà ni ‘’Yes/It is so’’ or hẹ́hẹ̀/ é è ghò báà ‘‘No/ It is not so’’. This study has shown that the form and derivation pattern of the Olùkùmi polar question is different from standard Yorùbá.

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Sošić, Milena. "On Rose Curves in the Polar Coordinate System." Current Research in Statistics & Mathematics 3, no. 3 (2024): 01–14. https://doi.org/10.33140/crsm.03.03.06.

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The article examines rose curves in the polar coordinate system, where each rose curve is determined by a cosine function with arbitrary positive amplitude and angular frequency. The amplitude refers to the radius of a circle whose center is the pole in which a rose curve is completely inscribed, and the angular frequency refers to the number of petals of a rose curve. Depending on the values of the angular frequency, which can be an integer, a rational number in the form of an irreducible fraction or an irrational number, the number of petals of a rose curve, the length of the interval for which a rose curve is complete and the polar angle between the peaks of the successive petals of a rose curve are examined. All mathematical considerations are accompanied by suitable examples and pictures.

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Atakishiyev, Natig M., George S. Pogosyan, Kurt Bernardo Wolf, and Alexander Yakhno. "On elliptic trigonometric form of the Zernike system and polar limits." Physica Scripta 94, no. 4 (2019): 045202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aafecb.

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Sauterer, Roger. "From Backwater to Center Stage: Using Electronegativity as a Central Concept for Understanding Chemical Principles in Biology Classes." American Biology Teacher 73, no. 8 (2011): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2011.73.8.10.

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Understanding basic chemical concepts, including bonding, polar and nonpolar molecules, and hydrogen bonds is difficult for many biology students, who often have minimal chemistry backgrounds. The concept of electronegativity is introduced at the beginning of the chemical foundations part of a biology course as a central integrative concept. By using the electronegativity concept and an associated line graph, students gain an understanding of why ionic and covalent bonds form and which atoms form them, why atoms form polar and nonpolar covalent bonds, and what chemical groups can form hydrogen bonds. Positive student reviews indicate that this is an effective method for introducing chemical principles.

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Rahayu, Sri, Noor Amaliah, and Raudatul Patimah. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN TABAT BARITO (Ficus deltoidea) TERHADAP BAKTERI Bacillus substillis DENGAN TINGKATAN POLARITAS PELARUT." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v4i1.229.

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Tabat barito leaf (Ficus deltoidea) is a single leaf of a sole form, the leaf has round tip with a flat edge and a pointed base. These leaves have a smooth surface, coloured green above and brownish yellow beneath. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of polar, semi-polar and non-polar compounds contained in Tabat barito leaf extract extracted with solvents of different polarity. The highest bacterial inhibition was also measured against Bacillus substillis which is a gram-positive bacterial. The maceration method uses 3 levels of solvents with different polarities, started with a non-polar solvent (n-hexan), a semi-polar solvent (ethyl acetate) and finally macerated with a polar solvent (methanol). The bacterial activity test was done with diffusion method. The results showed that the Tabat Barito leaf extract contained antibacterial compounds that were non-polar, semi-polar and polar. The highest inhibition of the hexane extract at concentration 15% with a clear zone diameter of 22.33 mm in very strong inhibition category against Bacillus substilis bacteria

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Kondo, Ren, Hong Yu Zeng, Mitsuru Sometani, Hirohisa Hirai, Heiji Watanabe, and Takahide Umeda. "Differences between Polar-Face and Non-Polar Face 4H-SiC/SiO<sub>2 </sub>Interfaces Revealed by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 434 (August 22, 2024): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-yktpw3.

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We performed electron-spin-resonance (ESR) and electrically-detected-magnetic-resonance (EDMR) spectroscopy on 4H-SiC(1120)/SiO2 interface defects to study differences between polar-face and non-polar-face 4H-SiC MOS interfaces. We found that in the non-polar-face MOS system, interface defects prefer to form spin-less states of doubly-occupied states and/or empty states, probably due to charge transfer between Si and C atoms at the interfaces.

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Armstrong, Meghan E. "Accounting for intonational form and function in Puerto Rican Spanish polar questions." Probus 29, no. 1 (2017): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2014-0016.

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AbstractMany varieties of Romance show more than one intonation contour available for polar question (PQ) marking. Understanding the pragmatic licensing conditions for these contours is no easy task. Experimental work has tended to account for the variation in terms of dichotomies like

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Riaz, Muhammad, Khalid Naeem, Ronnason Chinram, and Aiyared Iampan. "Pythagoreanm-Polar Fuzzy Weighted Aggregation Operators and Algorithm for the Investment Strategic Decision Making." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (February 25, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6644994.

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The role of multipolar uncertain statistics cannot be unheeded while confronting daily life problems on well-founded basis. Fusion (aggregation) of a number of input values in multipolar form into a sole multipolar output value is an essential tool not merely of physics or mathematics but also of widely held problems of economics, commerce and trade, engineering, social sciences, decision-making problems, life sciences, and many more. The problem of aggregation is very wide-ranging and fascinating, in general. We use, in this article, Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) in multipolar form to contrive imprecise information. We introduce Pythagoreanm-polar fuzzy weighted averaging (PmFWA), Pythagoreanm-polar fuzzy weighted geometric (PmFWG), symmetric Pythagoreanm-polar fuzzy weighted averaging (SPmFWA), and symmetric Pythagoreanm-polar fuzzy weighted geometric (SPmFWG) operators for aggregating uncertain data. Finally, we present a practical example to illustrate the application of the proposed operators and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness towards investment strategic decision making.

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Ji, Shi Ming, Xian Zhang, Li Zhang, Qiao Ling Yuan, Y. H. Wan, and Ju Long Yuan. "Form and Texture Control of Free-Form Surface Polishing." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.113.

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In this paper, a new type of flexible sub-size polishing tool, and an advanced polishing technique for free-form surface based on the new type of tool will be researched. The configuration of the flexible polishing tool and the method of controlling the multi-DOF precessions of the flexible polishing tool will be introduced. The rectilineal movement along X,Y, Z axis and flirts on two polar coordinates rotational axis of the polishing tool are used to control the form precision and the surface texture of polished surface. This polishing technique is enable to change continuously the polishing pressure and contact area and makes the flexible polishing tool well suited both to control the texture of work-piece surface and to control the form of work-piece surface. The influence functions the flexible polishing tool is near-Gaussian, symmetrical, and lacks the high spatial frequencies and center-zero of removal. The example of multi-DOF precessions polishing for optic spherical and aspherical will be introduced. The results show that the form, the size and the movement mode of the polishing tool will have important effect to polishing quality and multi-DOF precessions polishing can obtain better surface texture quality, form precision and higher polishing efficiency than traditional pole-down polishing for free-form surface.

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FALCONE, D., N. TANCREDI, F. TRAMONTANO, and P. SANTORELLI. "PHENOMENOLOGICAL BOUNDS ON B TO LIGHT SEMILEPTONIC FORM FACTORS." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 23 (1998): 1845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398001935.

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The form factors for the weak currents between B and light mesons are studied by relating them to the corresponding D form factors at [Formula: see text] according to HQET, by evaluating them at q2=0 by QCD sum rules, and by assuming a polar q2 dependence. The results found are consistent with the information obtained from exclusive non-leptonic two-body decays and, with the only exception of A1, with lattice calculations.

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Mawhinney, Thomas P., Yiyi Li, Deborah L. Chance, Steven P. Kelley, and Valeri V. Mossine. "Crystal structure of (R,S)-2-hydroxy-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 76, no. 4 (2020): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989020003138.

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The title compound, a major animal feed supplement, abbreviated as HMTBA and alternatively called DL-methionine hydroxy analogue, C5H10O3S, (I), was isolated in pure anhydrous monomeric form. The melting point is 302.5 K and the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with two conformationally non-equivalent molecules [(I A ) and (I B )] in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structure is formed by alternating polar and non-polar layers running along the bc plane and features an extensive hydrogen-bonding network within the polar layers. The Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed a significant contribution of non-polar H...H and H...S interactions to the packing forces for both molecules.

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