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Journal articles on the topic 'Polarization dynamics of VCSEL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 January 2023

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1

Panajotov, Krassimir, Marc Sciamanna, Ignace Gatare, Mikel Arteaga, and Hugo Thienpont. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers." Advances in Optical Technologies 2011 (October 11, 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/469627.

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Nonlinear dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) induced by optical injection, optical feedback, current modulation and mutual coupling is reviewed. Due to the surface emission and cylindrical symmetry VCSELs lack strong polarization anisotropy and may undergo polarization switching. Furthermore, VCSELs may emit light in multiple transverse modes. These VCSEL properties provide new features to the rich nonlinear dynamics induced by an external perturbation. We demonstrate for the case of orthogonal optical injection that new Hopf bifurcation on a two-polarization-mode solution delimits the injection locking region and that polarization switching and injection locking of first-order transverse mode lead to a new resonance tongue for large positive detunings. Similarly, the underlying polarization mode competition leads to chaotic-like behavior in case of gain switching and the presence of two transverse modes additionally reduces the possibility of regular dynamics. The bistable property of VCSEL makes it possible to investigate very fundamental problems of bistable systems with time-delay, such as the coherence resonance phenomenon. We also demonstrate that the synchronization quality between unidirectionally coupled VCSELs can be significantly enhanced when the feedback-induced chaos in the master laser involves both orthogonal LP fundamental transverse modes.

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2

Kim, Kyong Hon, Seoung Hun Lee, and Vijay Manohar Deshmukh. "Dynamics of 1.55 μm Wavelength Single-Mode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Output under External Optical Injection." Advances in Optical Technologies 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/247070.

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We review the temporal dynamics of the laser output spectrum and polarization state of 1.55 μm wavelength single-mode (SM) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) induced by external optical beam injection. Injection of an external continuous-wave laser beam to a gain-switched SM VCSEL near the resonance wavelength corresponding to its main polarization-mode output was critical for improvement of its laser pulse generation characteristics, such as pulse timing-jitter reduction, linewidth narrowing, pulse amplitude enhancement, and pulse width shortening. Pulse injection of pulse width shorter than the cavity photon lifetime into the SM VCSEL in the orthogonal polarization direction with respect to its main polarization mode caused temporal delay of the polarization recovery after polarization switching (PS), and its delay was found to be the minimum at an optimized bias current. Polarization-mode bistability was observed even in the laser output of an SM VCSEL of a standard circularly cylindrical shape and used for all-optical flip-flop operations with set and reset injection pulses of very low pulse energy of order of the 3.5~4.5 fJ.

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3

Doumbia, Yaya, Delphine Wolfersberger, Krassimir Panajotov, and Marc Sciamanna. "Two Polarization Comb Dynamics in VCSELs Subject to Optical Injection." Photonics 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020115.

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Optical frequency comb technologies have received intense attention due to their numerous promising applications ranging from optical communications to optical comb spectroscopy. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate a new approach of broadband comb generation based on the polarization mode competition in single-mode VCSELs. More specifically, we analyze nonlinear dynamics and polarization properties in VCSELs when subject of optical injection from a frequency comb. When varying injection parameters (injection strength and detuning frequency) and comb properties (comb spacing), we unveil several bifurcation sequences enabling the excitation of free-running depressed polarization mode. Interestingly, for some injection parameters, the polarization mode competition induces a single or a two polarization comb with controllable properties (repetition rate and power per line). We also show that the performance of the two polarization combs depends crucially on the injection current and on the injected comb spacing. We explain our experimental findings by utilizing the spin-flip VCSEL model (SFM) supplemented with terms for parallel optical injection of frequency comb. We provide a comparison between parallel and orthogonal optical injection in the VCSEL when varying injection parameters and SFM parameters. We show that orthogonal comb dynamics can be observed in a wide range of parameters, as for example dichroism linear dichroism (γa=−0.1 ns−1 to γa=−0.8 ns−1), injection current (μ=2.29 to μ=5.29) and spin-flip relaxation rate (γs=50 ns−1 to γs=2300 ns−1).

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4

Bittner, Stefan, and Marc Sciamanna. "Complex nonlinear dynamics of polarization and transverse modes in a broad-area VCSEL." APL Photonics 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 126108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104852.

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Lasers can exhibit nonlinear and chaotic dynamics driven by the interaction of multiple lasing modes, and investigating the different scenarios of mode competition and bifurcations of their dynamics is of great interest on a fundamental level as well as in view of applications. We study the dynamics of a broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) in solitary continuous-wave operation with a comprehensive investigation of its polarization state, lasing spectra, near-field distributions, and temporal dynamics. Fluctuations at the frequency of birefringence splitting and other frequency components develop in a series of bifurcations. The bifurcations coincide with changes of the transverse lasing modes and/or the polarization state, demonstrating the importance of both the spatial and polarization degrees of freedom for mode competition. As a consequence, the inherent nonlinear dynamics of broad-area VCSELs is significantly more complex than the dynamics of VCSELs with a single spatial mode.

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5

Vatin, Jeremy, Damien Rontani, and Marc Sciamanna. "Experimental reservoir computing using VCSEL polarization dynamics." Optics Express 27, no. 13 (June 18, 2019): 18579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.018579.

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6

Uy, Chi-Hak, Damien Rontani, and Marc Sciamanna. "Vectorial extreme events in VCSEL polarization dynamics." Optics Letters 42, no. 11 (May 30, 2017): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.002177.

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7

Loiko, N. A., A. V. Naumenko, and N. B. Abraham. "Complex polarization dynamics in a VCSEL with external polarization-selective feedback." Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 3, no. 2 (March 27, 2001): S100—S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4266/3/2/353.

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8

Jadan, M., Jihad Addasi, Moayad Husein Flaifel, L. I. Burov, A. S. Gorbatsevich, and P. M. Lobatsevich. "The effect of VCSEL intrinsic dynamics on polarization bistability." Results in Physics 14 (September 2019): 102379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102379.

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9

Harkhoe, Krishan, Guy Verschaffelt, and Guy Van der Sande. "Neuro-Inspired Computing with Spin-VCSELs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 4232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094232.

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Delay-based reservoir computing (RC), a neuromorphic computing technique, has gathered lots of interest, as it promises compact and high-speed RC implementations. To further boost the computing speeds, we introduce and study an RC setup based on spin-VCSELs, thereby exploiting the high polarization modulation speed inherent to these lasers. Based on numerical simulations, we benchmarked this setup against state-of-the-art delay-based RC systems and its parameter space was analyzed for optimal performance. The high modulation speed enabled us to have more virtual nodes in a shorter time interval. However, we found that at these short time scales, the delay time and feedback rate heavily influence the nonlinear dynamics. Therefore, and contrary to other laser-based RC systems, the delay time has to be optimized in order to obtain good RC performances. We achieved state-of-the-art performances on a benchmark timeseries prediction task. This spin-VCSEL-based RC system shows a ten-fold improvement in processing speed, which can further be enhanced in a straightforward way by increasing the birefringence of the VCSEL chip.

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10

Quirce, Ana, Cristina de Dios, Angel Valle, Luis Pesquera, and Pablo Acedo. "Polarization Dynamics in VCSEL-Based Gain Switching Optical Frequency Combs." Journal of Lightwave Technology 36, no. 10 (May 15, 2018): 1798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2018.2790435.

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11

Virte, M., M. Sciamanna, E. Mercier, and K. Panajotov. "Bistability of time-periodic polarization dynamics in a free-running VCSEL." Optics Express 22, no. 6 (March 17, 2014): 6772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.006772.

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12

Denis-le Coarer, Florian, Ana Quirce, Ángel Valle, Luis Pesquera, Marc Sciamanna, Hugo Thienpont, and Krassimir Panajotov. "Polarization dynamics induced by parallel optical injection in a single-mode VCSEL." Optics Letters 42, no. 11 (May 26, 2017): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.002130.

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13

Prior, Estefania, Cristina De Dios, Markus Ortsiefer, Peter Meissner, and Pablo Acedo. "Understanding VCSEL-Based Gain Switching Optical Frequency Combs: Experimental Study of Polarization Dynamics." Journal of Lightwave Technology 33, no. 22 (November 15, 2015): 4572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2015.2476956.

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14

Prior, E., C. de Dios, R. Criado, M. Ortsiefer, P. Meissner, and P. Acedo. "Dynamics of dual-polarization VCSEL-based optical frequency combs under optical injection locking." Optics Letters 41, no. 17 (August 29, 2016): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.004083.

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15

Gahl, A., S. Balle, and M. S. Miguel. "Polarization dynamics of optically pumped VCSELs." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 35, no. 3 (March 1999): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.748839.

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16

Schires, Kevin, Antonio Hurtado, Ian D. Henning, and Michael J. Adams. "Polarization and Time-Resolved Dynamics of a 1550-nm VCSEL Subject to Orthogonally Polarized Optical Injection." IEEE Photonics Journal 3, no. 3 (June 2011): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2011.2158636.

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17

Marin, Francesco, and Giovanni Giacomelli. "Polarization and transverse mode dynamics of VCSELs." Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4266/1/1/023.

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18

Deshmukh, Vijay Manohar, Seoung Hun Lee, Dong Wook Kim, Kyong Hon Kim, and Min Hee Lee. "Experimental and numerical analysis on temporal dynamics of polarization switching in an injection-locked 155-μm wavelength VCSEL." Optics Express 19, no. 18 (August 15, 2011): 16934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.016934.

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19

Pérez, Pablo, Hong Lin, Ángel Valle, and Luis Pesquera. "Polarization dynamics induced by orthogonal optical injection close to the lasing mode of a single-transverse-mode VCSEL." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 31, no. 11 (October 30, 2014): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.31.002901.

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20

Zhong, Zhu-Qiang, Zheng-Mao Wu, Jian Song, Liang-Yan Wang, Tao Deng, and Guang-Qiong Xia. "Polarization Dynamics of 1550-nm VCSELs Subject to Polarization-Preserved FBG Feedback." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, no. 9 (May 1, 2016): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2016.2522193.

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21

Deshmukh, Vijay Manohar, Seoung Hun Lee, Dong Wook Kim, Kyong Hon Kim, and Min Hee Lee. "Experimental and numerical analysis on temporal dynamics of polarization switching in an injection-locked 155-μm wavelength VCSEL: errata." Optics Express 20, no. 10 (May 2, 2012): 11382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.011382.

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22

Zhang, Y., S. Xiang, X. Guo, A. Wen, and Y. Hao. "All-optical inhibitory dynamics in photonic neuron based on polarization mode competition in a VCSEL with an embedded saturable absorber." Optics Letters 44, no. 7 (March 19, 2019): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.001548.

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23

Gerhardt, Nils C., and Martin R. Hofmann. "Spin-Controlled Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers." Advances in Optical Technologies 2012 (March 14, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/268949.

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We discuss the concept of spin-controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and analyze it with respect to potential room-temperature applications in spin-optoelectronic devices. Spin-optoelectronics is based on the optical selection rules as they provide a direct connection between the spin polarization of the recombining carriers and the circular polarization of the emitted photons. By means of optical excitation and numerical simulations we show that spin-controlled VCSELs promise to have superior properties to conventional devices such as threshold reduction, spin control of the emission, or even much faster dynamics. Possible concepts for room-temperature electrical spin injection without large external magnetic fields are summarized, and the progress on the field of purely electrically pumped spin-VCSELs is reviewed.

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24

Al-Seyab, R., K. Schires, A. Hurtado, I. D. Henning, and M. J. Adams. "Dynamics of VCSELs Subject to Optical Injection of Arbitrary Polarization." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 19, no. 4 (July 2013): 1700512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2013.2239614.

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25

Vatin, Jeremy, Damien Rontani, and Marc Sciamanna. "Enhanced performance of a reservoir computer using polarization dynamics in VCSELs." Optics Letters 43, no. 18 (September 14, 2018): 4497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.004497.

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26

Zhang, Wei Li, Wei Pan, Bin Luo, Xiao Feng Li, Xi Hua Zuo, and Meng Yao Wang. "Theoretical study on polarization dynamics of VCSELs with negative optoelectronic feedback." Applied Optics 46, no. 29 (October 5, 2007): 7262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.007262.

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27

Temgoua, Loannis Pavel Gauss, Jimmi Hervé Talla Mbé, Bernard Essimbi Zobo, and Paul Woafo. "Dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under AM and FM current modulations." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (November 15, 2021): 125523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac35bf.

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Abstract We numerically investigate the dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) described by the current-dependent gain model and subjected to current in the form of amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). Since VCSELs have two polarization modes (PMs), the competition between them offers more complex dynamical behaviors. It is found that when operating close to the threshold current, the laser converts the AM and FM currents into a series of pulse packages (PPs) that are globally irregular and modulated either in amplitude or frequency. In the particular case of FM current, both modulations occur in a unique signal. Besides, chaotic light is recovered even at low frequencies (few MHz) where it is not usually expected when sinusoidal current modulation is used. But, if the AM and the FM currents evolve over the threshold value, the laser does not alter the form of the current. Therefore, those currents are linearly converted into light signals.

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28

Pérez, Pablo, Ana Quirce, Luis Pesquera, and Angel Valle. "Polarization-Resolved Nonlinear Dynamics Induced by Orthogonal Optical Injection in Long-Wavelength VCSELs." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 17, no. 5 (September 2011): 1228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2011.2134075.

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29

Guo, Xing Xing, Shui Ying Xiang, Ya Hui Zhang, Lin Lin, Ai Jun Wen, and Yue Hao. "Four-channels reservoir computing based on polarization dynamics in mutually coupled VCSELs system." Optics Express 27, no. 16 (July 30, 2019): 23293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.023293.

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30

Liao, Jian-Fei, and Jun-Qiang Sun. "Polarization dynamics and chaotic synchronization in unidirectionally coupled VCSELs subjected to optoelectronic feedback." Optics Communications 295 (May 2013): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.12.074.

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31

Wei, Bin, Zhengmao Wu, Tao Deng, and Guangqiong Xia. "Nonlinear dynamics of 1550 nm VCSELs subject to polarization-preserved optical feedback and orthogonal optical injection." Frontiers of Optoelectronics 6, no. 3 (June 24, 2013): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-013-0333-y.

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32

Al-Seyab, Rihab K., Michael J. Adams, and Ian D. Henning. "Dynamics and polarization of conventional and spin-VCSELs in the presence of an axial magnetic field." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 32, no. 4 (March 23, 2015): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.32.000683.

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33

Salvide, Matias F., Maria Susana Torre, Ian D. Henning, Michael J. Adams, and Antonio Hurtado. "Dynamics of Normal and Reverse Polarization Switching in 1550-nm VCSELs Under Single and Double Optical Injection." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 21, no. 6 (November 2015): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2015.2413955.

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34

Münchow, Frank, and Karthik Iyer. "Polarization‐controlled VCSEL characterization." PhotonicsViews 19, no. 2 (April 2022): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phvs.202200014.

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35

Yoshikawa, T., T. Kawakami, H. Saito, H. Kosaka, M. Kajita, K. Kurihara, Y. Sugimoto, and K. Kasahara. "Polarization-controlled single-mode VCSEL." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 34, no. 6 (June 1998): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.678597.

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36

Apanasevich, A. V., A. A. Petrenko, and V. E. Bougrov. "Polarization Instabilities in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers." Reviews on advanced materials and technologies 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2687-0568-2022-4-1-9-13.

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We report on experimental investigation of short-period InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattice vertical cavity surface emitting lasers characteristics (VCSEL), including light-current-voltage characteristics, optical and radiofrequency spectra and polarization mode hopping between orthogonal modes. The observed polarization switching features is similar to what is observed in quantum well VCSEL. Future investigations will consider polarization-resolved optical and radiofrequency spectra, total intensity noise analysis of VCSEL biased near the polarization switching point.

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37

Bandyopadhyay, S., Y. Hong, P. S. Spencer, and K. A. Shore. "VCSEL polarization control by optical injection." Journal of Lightwave Technology 21, no. 10 (October 2003): 2395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2003.818176.

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38

Nazhan, Salam, and Zabih Ghassemlooy. "Polarization Switching Dependence of VCSEL on Variable Polarization Optical Feedback." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 53, no. 4 (August 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2017.2718550.

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39

Yokota, Nobuhide, and Hiroshi Yasaka. "Spin Laser Local Oscillators for Homodyne Detection in Coherent Optical Communications." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050573.

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We numerically investigate spin-controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) for local oscillators, which are based on an injection locking technique used in coherent optical communications. Under the spin polarization modulation of an injection-locked spin-VCSEL, frequency-shifted and phase-correlated optical sidebands are generated with an orthogonal polarization against the injection light, and one of the sidebands is resonantly enhanced due to the linear birefringence in the spin-VCSEL. We determine that the peak strength and peak frequency in the spin polarization modulation sensitivity of the injection-locked spin-VCSEL depend on detuning frequency and injection ratio conditions. As a proof of concept, 25-Gbaud and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation optical data signals and a pilot tone are generated, and the pilot tone is used for the injection locking of a spin-VCSEL. An orthogonally-polarized modulation sideband generated from the injection-locked spin-VCSEL is used as a frequency-shifted local oscillator (LO). We verify that the frequency-shifted LO can be used for the homodyne detection of optical data signals with no degradation. Our findings suggest a novel application of spin-VCSELs for coherent optical communications.

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40

Marconi, Mathias, Stéphane Barland, and Massimo Giudici. "Nonvolatile polarization control of a bistable VCSEL." Optics Express 20, no. 26 (November 29, 2012): B299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.00b299.

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41

Luo, Huiwen, Junze Li, and Mo Li. "Improved Output Power of GaN-based VCSEL with Band-Engineered Electron Blocking Layer." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100694.

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The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) has unique advantages over the conventional edge-emitting laser and has recently attracted a lot of attention. However, the output power of GaN-based VCSEL is still low due to the large electron leakage caused by the built-in polarization at the heterointerface within the device. In this paper, in order to improve the output power, a new structure of p-type composition-graded AlxGa1−xN electron blocking layer (EBL) is proposed in the VCSEL, by replacing the last quantum barrier (LQB) and EBL in the conventional structure. The simulation results show that the proposed EBL in the VCSEL suppresses the leaking electrons remarkably and contributes to a 70.6% increase of the output power, compared with the conventional GaN-based VCSEL.

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42

Бобров, М. А., С. А. Блохин, Н. А. Малеев, А. Г. Кузьменков, А. А. Блохин, А. П. Васильев, М. М. Кулагина, et al. "Исследование шумовых характеристик вертикально-излучающих лазеров с ромбовидной токовой апертурой для применения в компактном квантовом цезиевом магнитометре." Письма в журнал технической физики 47, no. 24 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2021.24.51789.18940.

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The possibility of using vertical-emitting lasers with intracavity contacts (IC-VCSEL) and a rhomboidal oxide current aperture for creating a non-zero magnetic field optically pumped atomic magnetometers (OPM) with a 133Cs vapor cell for magnetoencephalographic (MEG) systems were demonstrated. Relative intensity noise (RIN) and polarization resolved RIN of the IC-VCSEL in the 895 nm range with different mirror losses (linewidth) in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz were experimentally investigated. Lasers with low mirror loss (narrow linewidth) have polarization resolved RIN comparable to amplitude noise. For IC-VCSEL with an output optical power of 0.8 mW and a linewidth of 55 MHz, the noise level measured is 148 dB/Hz in 1 Hz bandwidth at 40 kHz frequency. The ultimate sensitivity of OPM based on two-beam MX scheme with studied VCSELs was estimated as ~ 11 fT/√Hz.

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43

Virte, Martin, Marc Sciamanna, and Krassimir Panajotov. "Synchronization of polarization chaos from a free-running VCSEL." Optics Letters 41, no. 19 (September 23, 2016): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.004492.

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44

Katayama, Takeo, Daisuke Hayashi, and Hitoshi Kawaguchi. "All-Optical Shift Register Using Polarization Bistable VCSEL Array." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, no. 19 (October 1, 2016): 2062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2016.2582212.

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45

JIANG Xiao-wei, 江孝伟, and 关宝璐 GUAN Bao-lu. "Polarization Research of VCSEL Based on Sub-wavelength Grating." Chinese Journal of Luminescence 38, no. 6 (2017): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20173806.0729.

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46

CHANG-HASNAIN, C. J., Y. A. WU, L. E. ENG, and G. S. LI. "VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER ARRAYS FOR WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING APPLICATIONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 05, no. 04 (December 1994): 569–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156494000231.

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The capability to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor diode laser array is one of the most important steps towards making wafer-scale low-cost lasers. The recent emergence of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) facilitates the fabrication of such large 2D arrays. In this paper, we review the recent progress on a novel largeaperture single-mode VCSEL and a 2D multiple-wavelength VCSEL array for ultra-high bandwidth applications. We demonstrate a passive antiguide region (PAR) VCSEL which emits a stable single mode with very low threshold, a large aperture, and a fixed polarization. We also demonstrate multi-wavelength VCSEL arrays with repeatable wavelength spans over 20 nm, grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The wavelength shift is achieved by varying the GaAs growth rate across the wafer using a patterned backing wafer to induce a temperature profile. Such multiple wavelength laser arrays are promising for ultrahigh bandwidth optical transmission and switching systems using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).

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47

Ni, Min, Xiaodong Lin, Xi Tang, Ziye Gao, Luyao Xiao, Jun Wang, Fan Ma, Qiulan Zheng, and Tao Deng. "Image Transmission Based on Spiking Dynamics of Electrically Controlled VCSEL-SA Neuron." Photonics 8, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070238.

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Abstract:

Based on the spiking dynamics of the electrically controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with an embedded saturable absorber (VCSEL-SA), we propose an image transmission system using two unidirectionally coupled VCSEL-SAs and numerically investigate the binary-to-spike (BTS) conversation characteristics and the image transmission performance. The simulation results show that, through electrically injecting the binary data to VCSEL-SA, the BTS conversation can be realized and the conversion rate of BTS highly depends on the injection strength and bias current. Thus, the image transmission can be realized in the proposed system. Moreover, the parameter mismatches between these two VCSEL-SAs have some effects on the image transmission performance, but the encoded images are still successfully decoded even under certain parameter mismatches. In addition, spiking patterns can be also stored and transmitted in the cascaded system with optoelectronic feedback loop.

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Yang Bing-Xing, Xia Guang-Qiong, Lin Xiao-Dong, and Wu Zheng-Mao. "Polarization switching performance of VCSEL subjected to optical pulse injection." Acta Physica Sinica 58, no. 3 (2009): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.58.1480.

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Li XiuShan, 李秀山, 宁永强 Ning Yongqiang, 崔锦江 Cui Jingjiang, 张星 Zhang Xing, 贾鹏 Jia Peng, 黄佑文 Huang Youweng, 钟础宇 Zhong Chuyu, 秦莉 Qin Li, 刘云 Liu Yun, and 王立军 Wang Lijun. "Polarization Properties of Rectangle-Shape VCSEL with Asymmetrical Current Injection." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 52, no. 7 (2015): 071402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop52.071402.

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50

Wang, Xiaolong, Yonggang Zou, Linlin Shi, Yingtian Xu, Liang Jin, Yongqin Hao, Zhifang He, Chunyang Gong, Xiaohui Ma, and Guojun Liu. "Polarization-stabilized tunable VCSEL with internal-cavity sub-wavelength grating." Optics Express 27, no. 24 (November 19, 2019): 35499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.035499.

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