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Books on the topic 'Polarization phenomena'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Gudkov, V. V., and J. D. Gavenda. Magnetoacoustic Polarization Phenomena in Solids. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1168-6.

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2

Balashov, Vsevolod V., Alexei N. Grum-Grzhimailo, and Nikolai M. Kabachnik. Polarization and Correlation Phenomena in Atomic Collisions. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3228-3.

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3

International Conference on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Physics (8th 1994 Bloomington, Ind.). Polarization phenomena in nuclear physics: Eighth International Symposium, Bloomington, IN, September 1994. Edited by Stephenson Edward J, Vigdor Steven E, and American Institute of Physics. Woodbury, N.Y: AIP Press, 1995.

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4

Balashov, Vsevolod V. Polarization and Correlation Phenomena in Atomic Collisions: A Practical Theory Course. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000.

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5

International Conference on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Physics. 7th International Conference on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Physics: Paris, France, 9-13 juillet 1990. Les Ulis, France: Editions de physique, 1990.

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6

1944-, Aoki Y., and Yagi K. 1934-, eds. Proceedings of the Tsukuba International Workshop on Deuteron Involving Reactions and Polarization Phenomena (Tsukuba, Aug. 22-23, 1985). Singapore: World Scientific, 1986.

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7

The optics of life: A biologist's guide to light in nature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.

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8

(Giuseppe), Ciullo G., ed. Transversity 2008: Proceedings of the second workshop on transverse polarization phenomena in hard processes, Ferrara, Italy, 28-31 May 2008. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2009.

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9

W, Lynn B., and Verzegnassi Claudio, eds. Proceedings of the Conference on Tests of Electroweak Theories: Polarized processes and other phenomena, Trieste, Italy, 10-12 June 1985. Singapore: World Scientific, 1986.

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10

Magnetoacoustic Polarization Phenomena in Solids. Springer, 2011.

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11

Gudkov, V. V. Magnetoacoustic Polarization Phenomena in Solids. Springer, 2012.

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12

Magnetoacoustic Polarization Phenomena in Solids. Springer, 2000.

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13

Ohlsen. Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Physics 1980. American Institute of Physics, 1998.

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14

Polarization Phenomena in Physics: Applications to Nuclear Reactions. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2018.

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15

Holzapfel, Wolfgang, and Shulian Zhang. Orthogonal Polarization in Lasers: Physical Phenomena and Engineering Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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16

Holzapfel, Wolfgang, and Shulian Zhang. Orthogonal Polarization in Lasers: Physical Phenomena and Engineering Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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17

Holzapfel, Wolfgang, and Shulian Zhang. Orthogonal Polarization in Lasers: Physical Phenomena and Engineering Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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18

Orthogonal Polarization In Lasers Physical Phenomena And Engineering Applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

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19

Emergent Phenomena In Housing Markets Gentrification Housing Search Polarization. Physica-Verlag, 2012.

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20

Grüebler and König. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions. Birkhäuser, 2013.

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21

George, Birnbaum, ed. Phenomena induced by intermolecular interactions. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

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22

Aoki, Y. Proceedings of the Tsukuba International Workshop on Deutron Involving Reactions and Polarization Phenomena. World Scientific Pub Co Inc, 1986.

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23

Balashov, Vsevolod V., Alexei N. Grum-Grzhimailo, and Nikolai M. Kabachnik. Polarization and Correlation Phenomena in Atomic Collisions: A Practical Theory Course (Physics of Atoms and Molecules). Springer, 2000.

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24

Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Physics: Osaka, 26-30 August, 1985. Tokyo: Physical Society of Japan, 1986.

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25

(Editor), Edward J. Stehpenson, and Steven E. Vigdor (Editor), eds. Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Physics: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium, held in Bloomington IN, September 1994 (AIP Conference Proceedings). American Institute of Physics, 2000.

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26

Conference, on Tests of Electroweak Theories (1985 Trieste Italy), and Bryan W. Lynn. Proceedings of the Conference on Tests of Electroweak Theories: Polarized Processes and Other Phenomena. World Scientific Pub Co Inc, 1987.

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27

Solymar, L., D. Walsh, and R. R. A. Syms. Magnetic materials. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0011.

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Macroscopic and microscopic theories of magnetic polarization are discussed. The origin of domains, domain walls, and of the hysteresis curve and the contrast between soft and hard magnetic materials are explained. The more important elements of the quantum theory of magnetism are discussed. The principles of the alignments in antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are explained. Magnetic resonance phenomena are discussed. Magnetoresistance and spintronics and their device prospects are also discussed at some length.
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28

Goldsmith, Mike. Waves: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198803782.001.0001.

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We live in a world of waves. The Earth shakes to its foundations, the seas and oceans tremble incessantly, sounds reverberate through land, sea, and air. Beneath the skin, our brains and bodies are awash with waves of their own, and the Universe is filled by a vast spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, of which visible light is the narrowest sliver. There are also mechanical waves, quantum wave phenomena, and gravitational waves. Waves: A Very Short Introduction considers waves of all kinds, their sources, effects, and uses. It discusses how wave motion results in a range of phenomena—from reflection, diffraction, interference, and polarization in the case of light waves to beats and echoes for sound—and considers the importance of understanding wave behaviour.
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29

Nagaosa, N. Multiferroics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0010.

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This chapter delves into the physics of multiferroics, the recent developments of which are discussed here from the viewpoint of the spin current and “emergent electromagnetism” for constrained systems. It presents the three sources of U(1) gauge fields, namely, the Berry phase associated with the noncollinear spin structure, the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), and the usual electromagnetic field. The chapter reviews multiferroic phenomena in noncollinear magnets from this viewpoint and discusses theories of multiferroic behavior of cycloidal helimagnets in terms of the spin current or vector spin chirality. Relativistic SOI leads to a coupling between the spin current and the electric polarization, and hence the ferroelectric and dielectric responses are a new and important probe for the spin states and their dynamical properties. Microscopic theories of the ground state polarization for various electronic configurations, collective modes including the electromagnon, and some predictions including photoinduced chirality switching are discussed with comparison to experimental results.
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30

Kavokin, Alexey V., Jeremy J. Baumberg, Guillaume Malpuech, and Fabrice P. Laussy. Spin and polarisation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782995.003.0009.

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In this chapter we consider a complex set of optical phenomena linked to the spin dynamics of exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. We review a few important experiments that reveal the main mechanisms of the exciton-polariton spin dynamics and present the theoretical model of polariton spin relaxation based on the density matrix formalism. We also discuss the polarisation properties of the condensate and the superfluid phase transitions for polarised exciton-polaritons. We briefly address the polarization multistability and switching in polariton lasers. Finally, the optical spin-Hall and spin-Meissner effects are described.
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31

Tiwari, Sandip. Phase transitions and their devices. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759874.003.0004.

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Phase transitions as a collective response of an ensemble, with appearance of unique stable properties spontaneously, is critical to a variety of devices: electronic, magnetic, optical, and their coupled forms. This chapter starts with a discussion of broken symmetry and its manifestation in the property changes in thermodynamic phase transition and the Landau mean-field articulation. It then follows it with an exploration of different phenomena and their use in devices. The first is ferroelectricity—spontaneous electric polarization—and its use in ferroelectric memories. Electron correlation effects are explored, and then conductivity transition from electron-electron and electron-phonon coupling and its use in novel memory and device forms. This is followed by development of an understanding of spin correlations and interactions and magnetism—spontaneous magnetic polarization. The use and manipulation of the magnetic phase transition in disk drives, magnetic and spin-torque memory as well as their stability is explored. Finally, as a fourth example, amorphous-crystalline structural transition in optical, electronic, and optoelectronic form are analyzed. This latter’s application include disk drives and resistive memories in the form of phase-change as well as those with electochemical transport.
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32

Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Waves in a medium. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0034.

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This chapter uses a phenomenological approach to obtain a ‘mean’ or macroscopic description of electromagnetic phenomena inside matter. The electromagnetic field inside a medium induces charge and current distributions called polarization. These are the response of the matter to the field. The charge and current densities can be decomposed into the sum of free densities (that is, imposed from outside the medium, and which create the field) and induced densities. The matching conditions on the electromagnetic field at the interface between two different media (for example, a pair of lenses) can be obtained from the macroscopic Maxwell equations with the use of the Gauss and Stokes theorems.
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33

Buchler, Justin. Polarization and Solving the Collective Action Problem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0005.

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The unified model predicts that a legislative caucus that is ideologically homogeneous, electorally diverse and policy-motivated will empower party leaders to solve the collective action problem of sincere voting. The result will be that legislators incrementally adopt ideologically extreme, electorally suboptimal positions in the policy space. Over the course of the post-World War II period, the party caucuses became more ideologically homogeneous, but retained their electoral diversity, thereby creating the conditions for party government. Legislators from centrist, competitive districts closely tracked their party medians rather than adopting centrist positions, which would have satisfied their constituents. That suggests parties are solving the collective action problem of sincere voting. No other institution is comparably suited to creating that effect, and even the rise of competitive primaries serves as a poor explanation for the phenomenon.
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34

Glazov, M. M. Electron & Nuclear Spin Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanostructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.001.0001.

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In recent years, the physics community has experienced a revival of interest in spin effects in solid state systems. On one hand, solid state systems, particularly semicon- ductors and semiconductor nanosystems, allow one to perform benchtop studies of quantum and relativistic phenomena. On the other hand, interest is supported by the prospects of realizing spin-based electronics where the electron or nuclear spins can play a role of quantum or classical information carriers. This book aims at rather detailed presentation of multifaceted physics of interacting electron and nuclear spins in semiconductors and, particularly, in semiconductor-based low-dimensional structures. The hyperfine interaction of the charge carrier and nuclear spins increases in nanosystems compared with bulk materials due to localization of electrons and holes and results in the spin exchange between these two systems. It gives rise to beautiful and complex physics occurring in the manybody and nonlinear system of electrons and nuclei in semiconductor nanosystems. As a result, an understanding of the intertwined spin systems of electrons and nuclei is crucial for in-depth studying and control of spin phenomena in semiconductors. The book addresses a number of the most prominent effects taking place in semiconductor nanosystems including hyperfine interaction, nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamical nuclear polarization, spin-Faraday and -Kerr effects, processes of electron spin decoherence and relaxation, effects of electron spin precession mode-locking and frequency focusing, as well as fluctuations of electron and nuclear spins.
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35

Campbell, Susan A. Investigation of the CIDNP phenomenon observed during the thermal decomposition of acetyl benzoyl peroxide: A thesis in chemistry. 1987.

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36

Feldman, Lauren. The Hostile Media Effect. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.011.

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The “hostile media effect” occurs when opposing partisans perceive identical news coverage of a controversial issue as biased against their own side. This is a robust phenomenon, which has been empirically demonstrated in numerous experimental and observational studies across a variety of issue contexts and has been shown to have important consequences for democratic society. This chapter reviews the literature on the hostile media effect with an eye toward the theoretical explanations for it, its relationship to other psychological processes, and its broader implications for perceived public opinion, news consumption patterns, attitudes toward democratic institutions, and political discourse and participation. Particular attention is paid to how the hostile media phenomenon can help explain the public’s eroding trust in the news media and the recent polarization among news audiences. The chapter concludes with several suggestions for future research.
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37

Feldman, Lauren. The Hostile Media Effect. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.011_update_001.

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The “hostile media effect” occurs when opposing partisans perceive identical news coverage of a controversial issue as biased against their own side. This is a robust phenomenon, which has been empirically demonstrated in numerous experimental and observational studies across a variety of issue contexts and has been shown to have important consequences for democratic society. This chapter reviews the literature on the hostile media effect with an eye toward the theoretical explanations for it, its relationship to other psychological processes, and its broader implications for perceived public opinion, news consumption patterns, attitudes toward democratic institutions, and political discourse and participation. Particular attention is paid to how the hostile media phenomenon can help explain the public’s eroding trust in the news media and the recent polarization among news audiences. The chapter concludes with several suggestions for future research.
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38

Leifeld, Philip. Discourse Network Analysis. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.25.

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Political discourse is the verbal interaction among political actors, who make normative claims about policies conditional on each other, rendering discourse a dynamic network phenomenon. The structure and dynamics of policy debates can be analyzed by combining content and dynamic network analysis. After annotating statements of actors in text sources, networks can be created from these structured data, such as congruence or conflict networks at the actor or concept level, affiliation networks of actors and concept stances, and longitudinal versions of these networks. The resulting network data reveal important properties, such as the structure of advocacy coalitions or discourse coalitions; polarization and consensus formation; and underlying endogenous processes like popularity, reciprocity, or social balance. The advantage of discourse network analysis over survey-based policy network research is that policy processes can be analyzed from a longitudinal perspective. Inferential techniques for understanding the micro-level processes governing political discourse are being developed.
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39

Panagopoulos, Costas. Bases Loaded. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197533062.001.0001.

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Over the past few decades, a fundamental shift in political campaign strategy has been afoot in U.S. elections: Political campaigns have been gradually shifting their attention away from swing voters toward their respective, partisan bases. Independents and weak partisans have been targeted with less frequency, and the emphasis in contemporary elections has been on strong partisans. This book documents this shift—away from persuasion toward base mobilization—in the context of U.S. presidential elections and explains that this phenomenon is likely linked to several developments, including advances in campaign technology and voter-targeting capabilities as well as insights from behavioral social science focusing on voter mobilization. The analyses show the 2000 presidential election represents a watershed cycle that punctuated this shift. The book also explores the implications of the shift toward base mobilization and links these developments to growing turnout rates for strong partisans and attenuating participation among independents or swing voters over time. The book concludes these patterns have contributed to heightened partisan polarization in the United States.
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40

Roger, Charles B. The Origins of Informality. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947965.001.0001.

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This book explores the phenomenon of informal international organizations. These bodies are involved in governing many of the most important issues the world currently faces, and differ significantly from the highly legalized, formal organizations the world has traditionally relied on. But despite their evident importance, they remain poorly understood. This book develops a new approach to thinking about these puzzling institutions, presents new data revealing their extraordinary growth over time, and develops a novel theory about why states are creating them. The theory explains how states form preferences over the informality of international organization and how legal designs get chosen through often contentious bargaining processes. This theory of institutional design then informs a more dynamic account of the rise of informality. This account explains how major shifts occurring in the domestic political arenas of powerful states—especially growing polarization and the rise of the regulatory state—have been projected outward and reshaped the legal foundations of global governance. The book systematically tests this theory, quantitatively and qualitatively, and presents detailed accounts of the forces behind some of the most important institutions in the global economy. It concludes with an analysis of the effectiveness of informal organizations, finding that many are likely to be less capable of addressing the complex challenges the world presently confronts.
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41

Agrawal, Khushbu, Yukihiko Hamada, and Alberto Fernández Gibaja. Regulating Online Campaign Finance: Chasing the Gost. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.6.

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As the number of Internet and social media users increases, political parties and candidates are spending significant amounts of money on online campaigning. It not only helps them to reach out to more voters with comparatively lower costs, but also allows them to communicate more targeted messages to voters when compared with other traditional campaign tools. Despite the growing use of online campaigns, appropriate regulation of online expenditures is almost non-existent around the world. In fact, online expenditure is one of the key weaknesses of political finance systems and regulatory frameworks. Appropriate regulation of online expenditures will not only protect the integrity of the political process, but also thwart negative effects, such as disinformation and polarization and, more generally, prevent inauthentic activities that usually characterize online campaigns. As online expenditure is a relatively new phenomenon, its regulation is not straightforward and there is no conclusive evidence on what works. This report outlines some of the challenges that policymakers, legislators and oversight agencies face when drafting and implementing laws to include online expenditure within the scope of regulated political finance. It also provides recommendations for policymakers, social media platforms, political parties, candidates and campaigners, as well as civil society actors, on the steps that they can take towards closing the regulatory gap.
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42

Sonn, Tamara, ed. Overcoming Orientalism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054151.001.0001.

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The term “Orientalism” reduces Islam and Muslims to stereotypes of ignorance and violence, in need of foreign control. In scholarly discourse, it has been used to rationalize Europe’s colonial domination of most of the Muslim world and continued American-led interventions in the postcolonial period. In the past thirty years it has been represented by claims that a monolithic Islam and equally monolithic West are distinct civilizations, sharing nothing in common and, indeed, involved in an inevitable “clash” from which only one can emerge the victory. Most recently, it has appeared in alt-right rhetoric. Anti-Muslim sentiment, measured in public opinion polls, hate crime statistics, and legislation, is reaching record levels. Since John Esposito published his first book nearly forty years ago, he has been guiding readers beyond such politically charged stereotypes. This Festschrift highlights the contributions of scholars from a variety of disciplines who, like—and often inspired by—John Esposito, recognize the misleading and politically dangerous nature of Orientalist polarizations. They present Islam as a multifaceted and dynamic tradition embraced by communities in globally interconnected but substantially diverse contexts over the centuries. The contributors follow Esposito’s lead, stressing the profound commonalities among religions and replacing Orientalist discourse with holistic analyses of the complex historical phenomena that affect developments in all societies. In addition to chapters focusing on diversity among Muslims and interfaith relations, this collection includes chapters assessing the secular bias at the root of Orientalist scholarship, and contemporary iterations of Orientalism in the form of Islamophobia.
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43

Charnock, Emily J. The Rise of Political Action Committees. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190075514.001.0001.

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This book explores the origins of political action committees (PACs) in the mid-twentieth century and their impact on the American party system. It argues that PACs were envisaged, from the outset, as tools for effecting ideological change in the two main parties, thus helping to foster the partisan polarization we see today. It shows how the very first PAC, created by the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in 1943, explicitly set out to liberalize the Democratic Party by channeling campaign resources to liberal Democrats while trying to defeat conservative Southern Democrats. This organizational model and strategy of “dynamic partisanship” subsequently diffused through the interest group world—imitated first by other labor and liberal allies in the 1940s and 1950s, then adopted and inverted by business and conservative groups in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Previously committed to the “conservative coalition” of Southern Democrats and northern Republicans, the latter groups came to embrace a more partisan approach and created new PACs to help refashion the Republican Party into a conservative counterweight. The book locates this PAC mobilization in the larger story of interest group electioneering, which went from a rare and highly controversial practice at the beginning of the twentieth century to a ubiquitous phenomenon today. It also offers a fuller picture of PACs as not only financial vehicles but electoral innovators that pioneered strategies and tactics that have come to pervade modern US campaigns and helped transform the American party system.
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44

Penney, Joel. The Citizen Marketer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658052.001.0001.

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From hashtag activism to the flood of political memes on social media, the landscape of political communication is being transformed by the grassroots circulation of opinion on digital platforms and beyond. The Citizen Marketer offers a new framework for understanding this phenomenon by exploring how everyday people assist in the promotion of political media messages in hopes of persuading their peers and shaping the public mind. The analysis is grounded in the firsthand testimony of citizens who have engaged in popular activities such as changing their profile picture to a protest symbol, tweeting links to news articles to raise strategic awareness about select issues, and publicly displaying everything from slogan T-shirts to viral videos that promote a favored electoral candidate. In contrast to the “slacktivism” critique often leveled at these media-based forms of political activity, The Citizen Marketer argues that they enable citizens to take on the potentially influential role of viral political marketers as they participate in the networked dissemination of ideas. Furthermore, the discussion critically examines the promises of the citizen marketer approach for expanding democratic participation and elevating the voices of marginalized groups, as well as the risks that these practices pose for polarization and partisanship, the trivialization of issues, and control and manipulation by elites. By investigating the logics and motivations behind the citizen marketer, as well as how this approach has developed in response to key social, cultural, and technological changes, the book charts the evolution of activism in the age of mediatized politics, promotional culture, and viral circulation.
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45

Hawley, George. The Alt-Right. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190905194.001.0001.

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In recent years, the so-called Alt-Right, a white nationalist movement, has grown at an alarming rate. Taking advantage of high levels of racial polarization, the Alt-Right seeks to normalize explicit white identity politics. Growing from a marginalized and disorganized group of Internet trolls and propagandists, the Alt-Right became one of the major news stories of the 2016 presidential election. Discussions of the Alt-Right are now a regular part of political discourse in the United States and beyond. In The Alt-Right: What Everyone Needs to Know® , George Hawley, one of the world's leading experts on the conservative movement and right-wing radicalism, provides a clear explanation of the ideas, tactics, history, and prominent figures of one of the most disturbing movements in America today. Although it presents itself as a new phenomenon, the Alt-Right is just the latest iteration of a longstanding radical right-wing political tradition. The Alt-Right represents a genuine challenge to pluralistic liberal democracy, but its size and influence are often exaggerated. Whether intentionally or not, President Donald Trump energized the Alt-Right in 2016, yet conflating Trump's variety of right-wing politics with the Alt-Right causes many observers to both overestimate the Alt-Right's size and downplay its radicalism. Hawley provides a tour of the contemporary radical right, and explains how it differs from more mainstream varieties of conservatism. In dispassionate and accessible language, he orients readers to this disruptive and potentially dangerous political moment.
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