Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Police – Allemagne'
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Napoli, Paolo. "La "police" en France à l'âge moderne (XVIIIe-XIXe siècle) : histoire d'un mode de normativité." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA066.
Full textGauthier, Jérémie. "Origines contrôlées : la police à l'épreuve de la question minoritaire à Paris et à Berlin : [thèse en] cotutelle franco-allemande." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS009S.
Full textOn the basis of ethnographic surveys conducted in police stations in Paris and Berlin, we propose to analyze the relationship between policing and the “minority question”, that is to say the ways in which police officers define and implement categories based on the nationality, culture, origin, appearance, or religion of the people they meet. Through extensive interviews and observation of police work in territories considered "sensitive" in France and Germany, we have shown how these categories frame the representations and the action of the police. By adopting a sociologically comprehensive perspective and broadening the focus of the analysis, we put the issue of police racism and discrimination in the widest economy of police practices and representations. The comparative approach has revealed that the relationship between the policing and the minorities depends on the professional standards, on urban and social contexts as well as on the institutional policies in which policing operates. We show how differences in the roles assigned to the police in Berlin and Paris contribute to defining the relationship between officers “on the beat” and minority populations
Ausgehend von ethnographischen Untersuchungen in Polizeidienststellen in der Pariser Region und in Berlin soll in dieser Arbeit das Zusammenspiel analysiert werden, welches sich aus polizeilichen Maβnahmen und minderheitsgebundenem Kategorisierungsprozess definiert ; das heiβt, die Art, in der die Polizisten Klassifizierungskategorien im Zusammenhang mit Nationnalität, Kultur, Herkunft, Aussehen oder auch Religion von Personen, denen sie begegnen, umsetzen. Über die Durchführung tiefgehender Befragungen und die Beobachtung der Polizeiarbeit an denjenigen Orten und in Bezug auf Bevölkerungsteile, welche in zwei nationalen Kontexten als "sensibel" erarchtet werden, konnte aufgezeigt werden, inwiefern diese Kategorien dazu beitragen, einen Rahmen für polizeiliche Maβnahmen zu bilden und die Polizisten bei der Definition ihrer beruflichen Identität vor Probleme stellen. Mittels einer interpretativ-soziologischen Perspektive, dank derer der Fokus der Arbeit sich erweiterte, wurde die Frage von Rassismus und Diskriminierungen in die so weit wie möglich gefasste Ökonomie polizeilicher Praktiken und Vorstellungen eingebettet. Ein vergleichender Ansatz gestattete es, aufzuzeigen, dass das Zusammenspiel aus polizeilichen Maβnahmen und minderheitsgebundenem Kategorisierungsprozess von beruflichen Normen abhängt, wie auch von dem urbanen und sozialen Umfeld sowie von der Institutionspolitik, in welche es eingebettet ist. Die Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Rolle, welche der Polizei in Berlin und in der Pariser Region jeweils zugeschrieben wird, tragen dazu bei, die Beziehungen zwischen Polizisten und den Minderheiten angehörenden Bevölkerungsteilen zu definieren
Lindenberger, Thomas. "Volkspolizei : Herrschaftspraxis und öffentliche Ordnung im SED-Staat 1952 - 1968 /." Köln [u.a.] : Böhlau, 2003. http://www.sehepunkte.historicum.net/2004/04/3752.html.
Full textSpors, Joachim. "Der Aufbau des Sicherheitsapparates in Sachsen 1945-1949 : die Gewährleistung von Ordnung und Sicherheit unter den Bedingungen eines politischen Systemwechsels /." Frankfurt am Main ; New York : P. Lang, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39054102k.
Full textBensussan, Agnès. "La répression de la déviance politique en RDA, 1971-1989." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0052.
Full textMaguer, Azilis. "La politique de la sécurité à la frontière franco-allemande : une analyse stratégique du fonctionnement de la coopération transfrontalière." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100179.
Full textThe abolition of controls at the inner borders of the Schengen countries in the European union implicated free movement for the persons. By the saine time, many voices raised and considered that this abolition of physical states frontiers could not happened, unless law enforcement forces - customs and polices - did became the means to operate under these new conditions. The reduction of border controls was then accompanied by "compensatory" measures, e. G. International cross-border police co-operation treaties for police forces along the borders. On one hand the visibility of border activity of police services grew dimmer. On the other hand, the cross-border police co-operation became more intense. The research object of cross-border police and customs co-operation is based upon the hypothesis that the changing modus of control - from physical on site control to a control on distance - leads to a change in the nature of this control - from a state organised global control to a localised and systematically French-German management of the border region. The semi-structured interviews, internal police or customs documents, and legislation were the material of the study. First, a comparison between co-operation police partnerships at the French-German border since 1997 amis at the analysis of structures and stakes in the co-operation field. Strategies of adaptation to the new local co-operation mechanisms are focused on. From there on, the use of the instruments of cross-border control by the involved services is analysed under the perspective of efficiency, but also of interest for the individual organisations. The many interactions and strategies of public actors create the border zone as a new space for public policies. Moreover, these ones are of a new sort: they actually are done in a bilateral way and for a bilateral local practice. Further, local actors of police co-operation dissociate their action from the global territorial management of the central state
Jérémie, Gauthier. "Origines contrôlées. La police à l'épreuve de la question minoritaire à Paris et à Berlin. Geprüfte Herkunft. Polizeiliches Handeln gegenüber Minderheiten in Paris und Berlin." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778649.
Full textSchroeter, Wolfgang. "L'école du nouveau roman policier allemand dans l'Allemagne de l'après-guerre." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100022.
Full textMariat, Kevin. "L'équilibre des pouvoirs dans la phase préparatoire du procès pénal : réflexions françaises à la lumière des droits allemand et italien." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3023.
Full textThe pretrial process suffers from a blatant imbalance due to a dissemination of coercion toward the procedure’s upstream. Hence a dual translation of powers: from the judge to the prosecutor and from the prosecutor to the police. The reflex is then to compensate these new prerogatives of the investigation authorities by granting rights to private persons. However, this confuses the rights of private persons with the powers of institutional actors. By refocusing the reflection on the power relations between the judge, the prosecutor and the police, this thesis proposes to draw inspiration from publicist concepts to reflect on the possibility of a real balance of powers in the pretrial process of the criminal trial.To relativize French law, the reflection is based on a comparison with German and Italian laws, both having thoroughly reformed their preparatory phase several decades ago. The reflections proposed here on the balance of powers in the pretrial process of the criminal trial lead to broader questions about the overall balance of the procedure
Barbier, Claude. "Des "événements de Haute-Savoie" à Glières, mars 1943-mai 1944 : action et répression du maquis savoyard." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010615.
Full textRazé, Laetitia. "L'âge en droit social : étude en droit européen, français et allemand." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G025/document.
Full textDealing with longer life expectancy and demographic deficit is currently a huge challenge for the social system of European member states. To face this challenge, it is necessary for legislators to develop a dedicated protection policy for the young people in a business relationship context and, at the same time, to redefine age limits policy especially in business relationship termination situation.. The presented study focuses on the factuality of the « age » concept. Based on cultural history, confirmed by the legislator analysis of the physiological aging, « age » criterion is closely linked to general principles in E.U. legislation like, for example, the human dignity and the equal treatment. However, the « age » criterion still remains ambivalent which is underlined by the non-discrimination principle. This ambiguity is emphasized in business relationships which leads to the influence of the « age » in an ending working life situation. This intergenerational pact support, which influence the proceed of the pension liquidation, is currently experiencing a revival beyond E.U. member state boundaries. A converging point is achieved in old-age treatment which leads to new solidarity development schemes inside companies (like for example the company occupational scheme). An important objective is to promote the pursuance of a professional activity in order to retire later (increasing in the statutory retirement age, increment or reduce of the retirement pension, restriction of derogations, proscription of business relationship breaches if they are based on age, …) and to redefine the connection between age and business relationships (combined work and retirement, phased retirement, …). By this way, legislators promote a human longevity based age treatment in Europe
Jackson, Peter Darron. "France and the Nazi menace : intelligence and policy making, 1933-1939 /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376477793.
Full textKay, Alex J. "Exploitation, resettlement, mass murder : political and economic planning for German occupation policy in the Soviet Union, 1940-1941 /." New York : Berghahn books, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40227679v.
Full textBibliogr. p. 222-234.
Brunn, Matthias. "Idées globalisées, défis nationaux : l’introduction du Disease Management et du paiement à la performance en France et en Allemagne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV020/document.
Full textHealth systems in many welfare states are undergoing important transformations, triggered by increasing budgetary pressures and characterized by the growing role of market and rationalization measures. In this context, France and Germany have introduced disease management (DM) programs to deliver more structured patient care and pay-for-performance (P4P) measures to provide financial incentives for providers meeting certain objectives.These reforms, which reflect the increasing role of the State in both statutory health insurance systems, were inspired by Anglo-Saxon models but translated in distinct ways, owing to differences in the two countries’ systems. In Germany, DM and P4P were based on increasing competition between sickness funds and between hospitals, while in France these reforms reflected a shift by its central insurance system “from payer to player”.The positioning of the medical profession vis-a-vis these new instruments of governance, which are hierarchical in nature and impose stronger public accountability, was a key issue in both France and Germany. The negotiation processes were accompanied by a growing disconnect between physician representatives and their memberships in both countries, despite significant differences in the way physicians are traditionally integrated into health system regulation
Leconte, Louise. "L’action paysagère en France et en Allemagne : la Convention européenne du paysage comme cadre commun ?" Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0023.
Full textOn the 20th of October 2000, the Council of Europe(CoE) opens for signature by its member states a European Landscape Convention (ELC). As the first international treaty that refers exclusively to landscape issues, it offers several definitions and a common framework for landscape development in Europe in the 21st century. With the ELC, the CoE aims at“achieving a greater unity between its members”around the safeguarding and enhancement of their landscapes as the common heritage of Europeans (Preamble of the ELC). In this PhD thesis, we question this notion of unity. While France was among the first CoE countries to sign the ELC, the federal government of Germany still refuses to sign the Convention. There are several and complex reasons for this non-signature . One of our hypotheses refers to the very definition of the concept of Landschaft on which landscape policy was built in Germany. However, the text of the Convention is known within the science and policy makingsphere about landscape in Germany and several stakeholders stand for a ratification of the ELC by the government. Thus, our second hypothesis is that there is an evolution of the landscape approach in Germany towards the one defended by the ELC. This thesis proposes, through a comparative analysis of landscape development at the national (landscape policy) and local level (landscape project) between France and Germany, to answer the following question : "Is the European Landscape Convention an impetus to reconcile two approaches on landscape development between France and Germany? "
Lübbe, Dorothea. "Europera : innovation artistique et politique culturelle de théâtre musical contemporain en Allemagne et en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0315.
Full textThis research project is concentrated to focus the general conditions of cultural policy which are responsible for the creation of new artistic forms of contemporary music theatre in Germany and France. For this the research is focussed on innovations and not on the analysis of the crisis. The aim is to find solution and discus different reforms in the artistic practices. The field work include the analysis of 7 case studies, traditional institutions and structures of the free landscape of contemporary music theatre in Germany and France. It will be shown in the analysis that there is a link between cultural policy and innovation of arts
Laumond, Bénédicte. "Réponses des Etats à la Droite Radicale en France et en Allemagne : acteurs publics, cadres de référence et prise de décision." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV082.
Full textBased on research fieldwork conducted in France and Germany with semi-directed interviews split between different institutional actors responding to right-wing radicalism, this study seeks to explain how public actors have taken part in the regulation of the expression of right-wing radicalism. I thereby chose to compare neighbouring countries, which have framed the struggle against right-wing radicalism differently: German political and state actors have constructed a public policy responding to political radicalism, whereas it has hardly been the case in France where the radical right is primarily handled in the political arena. The comparative approach outlines that the governance of the radical right by state authorities is the object of a continuous political construction undertaken by a variety of actors with distinctive policy frames. These are based on normative judgements, personal interests, and institutional experiences. The constellations of actors with different policy frames and their interactions during the decision-making process enable to explain the modalities of the use of policy instruments that are used to respond to right-wing radicalism. Differences in the handling of right-wing radicalism in France and Germany illustrate the relationships that these liberal and democratic societies have had with politics
Carden, Ron M. "German policy toward neutral Spain, 1914-1918." New York : Garland, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35698574t.
Full textGarcia, Núria. "Gouverner les langues : l’institutionnalisation et la transformation de la politique d’enseignement des langues étrangères en France, en Allemagne et au Luxembourg." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0048.
Full textThis thesis analyses public action in the field of the government of languages through the study of the transformation of foreign language education policies in France, Germany and Luxembourg. The analysis aims to show how language education policies that are relatively similar in terms of their goals and their means of implementation produce significantly different results in France and Germany, two cases that appear to very close. Retracing the process of institutionalization of these policies on the long term, our demonstration shows that these differences can only be partially explained by infra-sectorial dynamics. The explanation of the variation in the outputs and outcomes of foreign language education policies requires to take into account the larger political and societal configuration through a systemic perspective: it is the sectorial or intersectorial definition of the objective of multilingualism and the interaction effects between language education policies and other policy sectors that explain the variations in individuals’ perceptions of the utility of language and their motivation to invest in the study of this languages, and consequently the differences in the results of these policies. The absence of a direct link between the inputs, outputs and outcomes of foreign language education policies raises the questions of the limits of public policy in the field of governing languages. These limits are linked to the responsiveness of the state to contradictory citizens’ preferences and to the link that exists between language and citizenship in monolingual societies
Meyer, Teva. "Une analyse comparative des géopolitiques du nucléaire civil en Allemagne, en France et en Suède." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080024.
Full textThe Fukushima atomic disaster had different political fallouts in the thirty-one countries where nuclear power is exploited. In Europe, while Germany decided to accelerate the phase-out engaged ten years before, the Swedish government repealed the moratorium on new nuclear reactors introduced in 1981 and France only committed to reduce marginally the share of nuclear electricity. Three European countries, facing the same event, took three different directions. In the past, differences between countries’ nuclear policies have been explained by economic, geographical or cultural determinism. This work offers to go beyond these approaches and to consider energy policies as the result of power struggles between opponents and supporters of atomic energy who fight to control the territory. Thanks to the local geopolitical approach, this thesis aims at highlighting the rivalries and the representation which structure the actors’ systems in each country as well as the strategies used in the conflict. In a context where nuclear energy is portrayed as a potential solution to mitigate climate change, the purpose of this work is to identity the elements which led to the elaboration of diametrically opposed energy policies in France, Germany and Sweden
Bleuel, Petra. "Suffit-il de s’inspirer du "modèle allemand" pour augmenter la performance des PME françaises ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0038/document.
Full textFrench and German SME belong to a category of firms which stand out from an important heterogeneity. Due to the wide variety of companies which compose the category of SMES, an overall theoretical framework hasn’t been defined. These firms are not only distinguished from large companies by their small size but also by their greater flexibility and reactivity, their proximity to their customers and close localized links with suppliers etc. Additionally, there is also a difference between SMEs according to their home country. Several reports have highlighted the difference of French SMEs and those of the German Mittelstand. The latter would be larger in size, more innovative and more active internationally than their French counterparts. These reports also show that France could have superior performance in terms of growth, employment, competitiveness and international activities if we could generate a French Mittelstand supporting SMEs through targeted measures. Contrary to the idea we have of the German Mittelstand, it does not boil down to a category of companies identifiable by their size, but rather to a concept based on an entrepreneurial culture favored by the German ecosystem. Our analysis focuses first on these companies constituting the Mittelstand to highlight their characteristics and their differences compared to French SMEs.In a second step, our study focuses on the support that SMEs in both countries benefit and to what extent one could draw inspiration from the German support or model to increase the performance of French SMEs
Französische und deutsche KMU sind Teil eines Kontingents von Unternehmen, die sich durch eine große Heterogenität auszeichnen. Die Heterogenität der Unternehmen, aus denen die KMU-Kategorie besteht, ist der Hauptgrund, warum ein einziger theoretischer Rahmen, der sie betrifft, nicht definiert werden konnte. KMU unterscheiden sich von größeren Unternehmen nicht nur durch ihre geringere Größe, sondern auch durch ihre größere Flexibilität, ihre Reaktionsfähigkeit, ihre Nähe zu ihren Kunden und enge lokale Verbindungen zu ihren Lieferanten usw. Darüber hinaus stellt man Unterschiede unter KMU fest, die aus verschieden Herkunftsländern kommen. In mehreren Berichten wurde der Unterschied zwischen französischen und deutschen KMU hervorgehoben. Die letzteren seien größer, innovativer und aktiver als die französischen alter ego. Dieselben Berichte zeigen, dass Frankreich bessere Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Wachstum, Beschäftigung, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und internationale Aktivitäten erzielen könnte, wenn es möglich wäre einen französischen Mittelstand hervorzubringen. Der deutsche Mittelstand ist nicht nur eine durch ihre Größe identifizierbare Kategorie von Unternehmen, sondern ein Konzept, das auf einer vom deutschen Ökosystem begünstigten Unternehmenskultur basiert. Unsere Analyse konzentriert sich zunächst auf die Merkmale, die französische KMU von denen des Mittelstands unterscheiden. Zweitens konzentriert sich unsere Studie auf die öffentliche Unterstützung, von der französische und deutsche KMU profitieren, und inwieweit man sich von der deutschen öffentlichen Unterstützung inspirieren lassen kann, um die Leistungsfähigkeit französischer KMU zu steigern
Aliyeva, Vusala. "Impact de la politique familiale de l'Union Européenne pour les pays membres : France, Royaume-Uni, Allemagne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010014.
Full textThe policy of the European Union has packed academic debate on its potential impact on the political process at national level. Recent reforms of german and english family policies can be attributed to the European Union influence through its participation in the learning process initiated by this organisation. This examines the potential shifts in the objectives of national families to European Union objectives
Lobry, Sylvaine. "Les politiques urbaines de l'industrie : interroger la consistance des politiques publiques au prisme des politiques urbaines de l'industrie : l'exemple de Lyon et Munich." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2115.
Full textThis thesis aims at questioning the consistency of urban policies through an analysis of the policies in favour of industry in Lyon and Munich. Three fundamental issues are addressed. Do urban policies of the industry exist? Have these policies consistency as urban policies and what are the factors, particularly institutional factors, contributing to this consistency? Does the analysis of urban industry policies validate the thesis of the "return of cities"? By characterizing and contextualizing stakeholder systems in different national and local contexts, we focus on the production processes of policies in favour of industry and we investigate their policy frameworks. We propose a definition of the consistency of urban policies resulting from an analysis of the role of distinct levels of government in the production of policies in favour of the industry, the distribution of power, mobilized or created public policy instruments. The institutional approach reveals the influence of social, political and institutional factors that explain the distinguished empowerment of urban governments and their ability to produce consistent urban policies. Our definition of the consistency of urban policy gives significant importance to the capacity of a city to become autonomous and to constitute itself as a collective actor. In view of the differentiated affirmation of the Munich and Lyon’s urban powers, we propose to speak of an "unequal return", to point out the conditions favouring or not the return of cities
Levine, Rachel. "The Politics of Language and the Language of Politics : the Use of German and Kiswahili in German East Africa, 1885-1918." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA176.
Full textIn German East Africa, Kiswahili was used as the language of instruction in government-run schools and as the language of administration. This article examines various archival, primary, and secondary sources to determine how this administrative practice came to pass; the background against which such a decision was taken or practice was institutionalized; the issues, attitudes, and problems that surrounded that practice; and what consequences it had in the short, medium, and long term for both the German colony and the consciousness and identity of the colonized people who would go on to experience British rule and then independence as the countries of Tanganyika and Tanzania
Hagenmaier, Monika. "Predigt und Policey : der gesellschaftspolitische Diskurs zwischen Kirche und Obrigkeit in Ulm : 1614-1639 /." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsges, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35535097z.
Full textCaro, Céline. "Le développement de la conscience environnementale et l’émergence de l’écologie politique dans l’espace public en France et en Allemagne, 1960-1990." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-64392.
Full textL’écologie est un courant de pensée critique à l’encontre des sociétés industrialisées qui se développe dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle en Occident. En tant que mouvement social, les écologistes cherchent à définir les règles d’une société plus respectueuse de l’environnement et du cadre de vie ; en tant que courant politique, leurs réflexions ont pour but de proposer un autre modèle de société. Entre 1960 et 1990, la France et l’Allemagne présentent des similitudes en matière de prise de conscience environnementale au sein de la population et au niveau de l’arrivée de l’écologie sur la scène politique. Une analyse comparative plus précise dévoile toutefois des caractéristiques historiques, économiques, sociales, politiques et institutionnelles ainsi que culturelles et mentales propres à chaque pays qui permettent de souligner des divergences importantes dans ces domaines et d’expliquer les clichés se rapportant à une Allemagne romantique, sensible à la protection de la biosphère, et une France cartésienne, négligente sur le plan environnemental
Landwehr, Achim. "Policey im Alltag : die Implementation frühneuzeitlicher Policeyordnungen in Leonberg /." Frankfurt am Main : Klostermann, 2000. http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/type=rezbuecher&id=498.
Full textLemettre, Sonia. "Gouverner le fret ferroviaire en France et en Allemagne (1990-2010) : processus de diffusion d'énoncés réformateurs à l'ère du développement durable." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961252.
Full textBaldermann-Cornec, Ute. "Urbanisme durable et potentialités de transferts d’expériences interculturelles entre Régions européennes : comparaison des démarches en Bretagne (France) et en Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Allemagne) au croisement de la qualité urbaine durable et de la prospective paysagère." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20042.
Full textMy urban planning dual culture (German and French), the works to implement of a device for encouraging the sustainable urban design, the innovation and the environmental excellence for the Brittany elected representatives, had been my personal questioning a long standing concern: Can we transpose extraterritorial experiences from one culture to another and methods to boost and develop the quality of the projects and the approaches of local actors? The answer to this question, determinant for my own professional practice and my standing concern, does not exist in the literature in 2005. Starting from the Brittany region, at first glance, the choice of the Saxony Land was required for comparison resulting of a twinning since 1995. After investigation, it turns out that only few concrete projects and actions were developed. This is, perhaps, not surprising given the very different territorial characteristics from Britain and Saxony (very industrial past, little agriculture, no coastline, many large cities).. Accordingly, the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Land with its extensive coastline, its many islands, its economy which is shared between agriculture and tourism, seemed more interesting to compare (and for a future partnership, if my research would showed the real interest of collaboration on sustainable urban design). I am convinced of the relevance of the European regional level (the "region" in France and the "Land" in Germany) to introduce public policies and consistent urban planning strategies without losing the link with the mobilizing territorial identity.A State of art of the potential and limits of the transfer experiences introduced my thesis. A focus on the regional policies give a framework for the innovative devices specifically dedicated to the sustainable urban design and the prospective landscape (Eco-FAUR and Städtebau-und Dorferneuerungsprogramm) to place them in context. Comparison of 16 best and recent projects in Brittany and in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern allowed me to analyze in detail the approaches, methods, the intervention of the actors, the best and weak points of the projects. The face to face of these local examples give a framework on 8 topics currently in the discussions of the prospective and sustainable urban landscape Europeanexperts: the revitalization of the cities centers, the urban renewal, the urban landscapes, the great landscape and the city, the new rural dynamic, urban coastal planning, green tourism and urban eco-subdivisions as extensions. My analysis and exchanges with more than 250 actors led me some positive issues (under conditions) concerning the potential of enhanced cooperation between two non-adjacent European areas. My PhD thesis concludes with recommendations for the improvement of trade efficiency, because the interest for the innovative and concrete projects, and around a limited motivated actors group looks promising
Meine doppelte deutsch-französische Raumplanungskultur und meine Arbeit für Politiker der Bretagne (Aufbau eines Förderprogrammes für nachhaltigen Städtebau, Innovation und hohe Umweltverträglichkeit) machen aus meiner langjährigen persönlichen Fragestellung ein Thema der Aktualität: Kann man Erfahrungen, die auf einer anderen, außerterritorialen Planungskultur aufbauen transferieren, um die Qualität der Projekte und die Herangehensweise der Akteure vor Ort zu „dynamisieren“, zu verbessern ? Die Antwort auf diese Frage existierte im Jahr 2005 nicht in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur. Von der Bretagne ausgehend bot sich eigentlich Sachsen zum Vergleich an, da eine offizielleRegionalpartnerschaft seit 1995 besteht. Bei den Voruntersuchungen stellte sich aber heraus, dass sich sehr wenige Aktionen und konkrete Projekte entwickelt haben. Das ist vielleicht nicht verwunderlich wenn man sich die sehr unterschiedlichen territorialen Charakteristiken der Bretagne und Sachsens (Industriestandort, wenig Landwirtschaft, keine Küste und viele große Städte) vor Augen führt. So schien mir der Vergleich mit Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (ausgedehnte Küste mit Inseln, eine auf Landwirtschaft und Tourismus basierende Wirtschaftsstrukture) viel versprechender, vor allem wenn meine Forschungen ein reelles Interesse für eine Zusammenarbeit im Gebiet des Nachhaltigen Stadtbaus und der Landschaftsentwicklungsplanung aufzeigen sollten. Ich bin überzeugt, dass es der regionale Ansatz (die Region in Frankreich und das Land in Deutschland) ist, der im europäischen Rahmen kohärente Lösungen für lokale Entwicklungsstrategien hervorbringt, weil ein genügend großes Territorium mit der mobilisierenden Identität der Akteure verbunden werden kann. Eine Bestandsanalyse der positiven und negativen Faktoren für einen Erfahrungstransfer führtmeine Dissertation ein. Eine Fokussierung auf die Rahmenbedingungen (globale Regionalpolitik) ermöglicht, die beiden auf nachhaltigen Städtebau- und Landschaftsentwicklungsplanung spezialisierten Programme (Eco-FAUR und Städtebau- und Dorferneuerungsprogramm) einzuordnen. Der Vergleich von 16 innovativen und aktuellen Projekten der Bretagne und Mecklenburg- Vorpommerns gab mir die Möglichkeit, im Detail die Herangehensweisen, Methoden, Beteiligung derAkteure sowie die Stärken und Schwachpunkte der Projekte aufzuzeigen. Die Gegenüberstellung bedient sich 8, die aktuelle Fachdebatte der europäischen Experten in Städtebau und ländlicher Entwicklung anregende, Themen: Innenstadtrevitalisierung, Stadtumbau, Stadtlandschaft, Landschaftsplanung und Stadt, Dynamik des ländlichen Raumes, Küstenbebauung, Ökotourismus, Ökoquartiere. Meine Analyse und der Austausch mit über 250 Akteuren erlauben mir einen optimistische Einschätzung (unter entsprechenden Rahmenbedingungen) der Möglichkeiten der Intensivierungder Zusammenarbeit in den analysierten Gebieten und zwischen nichtbenachbarten europäischen Regionen. Meine Dissertation schließt mit Vorschlägen zur Verbesserung des Erfahrungsaustausches ab, da die Zusammenarbeit von motivierten, kleinen Gruppen von Akteuren mit konkreten, innovativen Projekten, vielversprechend erscheint
Giangrande, Romuald. "L’Allemagne et l’Europe centrale. Achèvement d’une transition politique et émotionnelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3007.
Full textThe German attitude towards crises across Europe today, is leading to question the nature of the German power, as well as understanding how Germany is perceived by its neighbors and how it perceives its own role in Central Europe. Germany’s hesitations to conduct an uninhibited foreign policy is leading inevitably to refer at the mechanisms of its conception, and then to observe what are the institutional boundaries in the formulation of its objectives. Since the 1990s, the synthesis between the civil power and the trade power concepts allowed united Germany to establish an alternative model to her old hegemonic determinism. Even if the German unification and the disappearance of the Cold War environment has changed the context of the german foreign Policy, it has not altered its form in Europe. On the international level, German power remains constrained by international institutions and the framework for a multilateral commitment. On the domestic level, the foreign Policy in its conception and its implementation, remains highly dependent on internal political consensus, but also on the power of the german institutions and the respect of its Basic Law. Despite being sovereign since the 1990s the german foreign Policy remains conditioned by the influence of the developments in the international environment as well as the influence of emotional developments within it’s national society and the way she is perceived by its european partners
Pichard-Doustin, Dominique. "L'enseignement des langues étrangères dans la formation professionnelle du second degré en Allemagne, en Catalogne et en France : statuts, usages, représentations." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2025.
Full textThis doctoral thesis seeks to explore and compare representations about forein languages to learn in vocational education in three socio-historical and political entities, Germany, Catalonia and France. It also aims to explore and compare the finalities of learning foreign languages in this kind of education and the eventual influences of political, ideological, sociolinguistical and educational contexts on the representations of the interviewed persons. Those questions allow to formulate that one language and one finality are hegemonical in the representations, english and the utility to learn a foreign language
Kaiser, Christian. "Korporatismus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : eine politikfelderübergreifende Übersicht /." Marburg : Metropolis-Verl, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41021939s.
Full textPlatini, Vincent. "Démons du crime : les pouvoirs du truand et son instrumentalisation idéologique dans la littérature et le cinéma de l’entre-deux-guerres (Allemagne, États-Unis, France)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040067.
Full textThe cultural productions of the interwar years were marked by the proliferation of representations of the mobster figure. Historically, the socio-economic context facilitated the emergence of a certain criminality which started being widely depicted in mass culture including films, crimen ovels and drama. The mobster figure depicted in these productions turns out to be all the more versatile since power relations were going through profound changes at that time : the official authorities were being contested, the limits of legality were redefined and with the advent of the Third Reich, those who had once challenged power eventually acceded to it. The representations of mobsters therefore acquired ambiguous meanings. These characters could very well support social control by imposing norms and justifying measures of surveillance orembody resistance against the establishment, pointing out loopholes in control systems and promoting new life styles. Based on Michel Foucault’s works, this dissertation examines the social, scientific and political discourses featured in the cultural productions of that periodas well as the ideological, esthetical and practical instrumentalisation of these characters. This dissertation argues that mobsters may appear as participants of punitive and disciplinary systems which subdue the people, but may also be questioning the powers and discourses that shape their representations. This work further demonstrates that, because mass culture usually adapts itself to its consumers, the mobsters may also be taken on by the audience, being the promoters of new cultural practices and new social bonds
Caro, Céline. "Le développement de la conscience environnementale et l'émergence de l'écologie politique dans l'espace public en France et en Allemagne, 1960-1990." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030154.
Full textEcology is a critical current of thought towards industrialized societies, which spreads throughout the Western countries in the second half of the 20th century. As a social movement, Ecologists try to set the rules of a society more respectful of the environment and the living conditions ; as a political movement, they offer a new model for society. Between 1960 and 1990, France and Germany present similarities regarding a growing sensitivity towards the environemental issues in their populations and the progressive accession of ecology to the political stage. A more detailed analysis nevertheless reveals historical, economical, social, political and institutional as well as cultural and mental characteristics peculiar to each country underlining important differences in these fields and explaining the clichés about a romantic Germany concerned with the need to preserve the biosphere and a Cartesian France ignoring the environment
Lendermann, Marc. "Strafschadensersatz im internationalen Rechtsverkehr : die Behandlung auslädischer punitive damages im deutsh-französischen Rechtsvergleich." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D037.
Full textEven though the law of continental European countries does not explicitly contain punitive damages, the tribunals of these states can be confronted with this legal instrument when dealing with the recognition or enforcement of a foreign decision awarding punitive damages or when the notification of a foreign legal act is requested. Despite the fact that the law of France and Germany follows the principle of full compensation, the case law of the supreme courts of both countries differs regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments awarding punitive damages The thesis aims at explaining the different interpretation of the international public policy exception in both countries .The thesis argues for a convergence in French and German law regarding foreign punitive damages: it is recommended that the German Supreme Court changes its case law by adopting the same approach as the French Cour de cassation did, according to which a foreign decision awarding punitive damages is not as such contrary to public policy, but that enforcement must be denied if the sum awarded is disproportionate. The French courts, on the other hand, could be inspired by the solutions applied by the judges and the legislator in Germany in order to deal with those issues on which the Cour de cassation has not had to decide yet : they should provide judicial assistance regarding foreign proceedings in which punitive damages are claimed, but refrain from awarding punitive damages when applying foreign law according to rules of conflict of laws
Mandret-Degeilh, Antoine. "Gouverner par le rite : socio-histoire des rites d’institution municipaux autour de la parenté en France, au miroir de la situation en Allemagne (1789-1989)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0039/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with French municipal rites of institution related to kinhood – civil wedding, civil baptism, marriage anniversaries, Mother’s Day and virginal feasts – and aims to trace back their history since the French revolution. It is based on primary sources collected in three cities (Bobigny, Nice and Göttingen), as well as at the central administration, complemented by secondary sources. Moreover, it follows an ethnographic, socio-historical and comparative approach (referring to the German situation).This research identifies three main steps: first, the invention of these rites as the result of the secularization of catholic rites, from the French revolution to the 1960’s with the interwar-period as a turning point. Second, the liberalization of these rites occurring in the 1970’s and 1980’s, and finally, their individualization in the following decades, which constitutes the starting question of the research. Besides, this dissertation shows the local and national specificities of these rites, as well as the temporal and geographical diversity of the moral figures these rites are founded on, despite their steady features (they are above all feminine and recur to the registers of both kinhood and citizenship). Finally, this dissertation voices the plasticity of municipal rites of kinhood, such as illustrated by the diversity of bottom-up uses (mode of collective action, individual political action, practice focused on the sole question of kinhood, etc.), as well as top-down uses (policy instruments, tools of legitimization, clientelism, etc.) of these rites
Thomauske, Nathalie saskia. "Des constructions de "speechlessness" : une étude comparative Allemagne-France sur les rapports sociaux langagiers de pouvoir dans le domaine de l'éducation de la petite enfance." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD050/document.
Full textGermany and France face similar challenges concerning questions of immigration. Both countries are nation states, in which the majoritarian society is convinced that the people should be unified through speaking a common language. This conception of the nation-state is nevertheless strongly opposed by plurilingual people (of Color). The aim of the thesis is to analyze how a discrimination of plurilingual children is constructed and legitimized in daily life in the domain of early childhood education.To this end, focus group discussions with practitioners and parents have been conducted and analyzed following a constructionist “grounded theory” approach. Findings show, among others, that practitioners do not know or are insecure of how to deal with children who do not speak the target language. Some of them react by expecting children to adapt and to learn the language on their own through "language submersion". The “Other” languages of the children and their parents are relegated to the private context and their speakers are silenced in the ECEC setting. Other practitioners criticize these de facto language policies and describe how they contribute to support children in expressing themselves in their favorite language(s)
Bouiller, Sophie. "Le Parti social-démocrate allemand et la justice sociale dans les années 1980. Une identité social-démocrate à l'épreuve de l'unification (1989-1990)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL024.
Full textThis doctoral thesis analyses the concepts of social justice and the welfare state in light of the social policies of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in the 1980s. Both in the opposition in the Bundestag in Bonn and in office in some West German Länders, the SPD found itself in an ambiguous position, peculiar to German federalism. The Social Democrats took on a strategy based alternatively on opposition and cooperation with Helmut Kohl’s government, in order to influence the welfare reforms introduced by the Labour Minister Norbert Blüm (Christian Democratic Union, CDU). The SPD simultaneously started to overhaul its political platform with a view to taking back power in 1990. The generational conflicts, which have been widely established by researchers, gave way to a new divide between a “social wing” advocating a traditional policy and a “reforming wing” drawn towards post-materialist and “eco-socialist” values. By virtue of its immediacy, the German unification process (1989-1990) proved to be a litmus test, which allowed the efficiency of the SDP’s agenda and rhetoric to be evaluated. In spite of Rudolf Dreßler’s concrete propositions to improve the social union between East and West Germany, the SDP failed both to share its views on German unification and to impose its determination to overhaul the welfare state. Oskar Lafontaine’s reservations about the economic and social costs spiralling out of control contributed to a blurring of the lines on the SDP’s position on German unification.This doctoral thesis analyses the concepts of social justice and the welfare state in light of the social policies of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in the 1980s. Both in the opposition in the Bundestag in Bonn and in office in some West German Länders, the SPD found itself in an ambiguous position, peculiar to German federalism. The Social Democrats took on a strategy based alternatively on opposition and cooperation with Helmut Kohl’s government, in order to influence the welfare reforms introduced by the Labour Minister Norbert Blüm (Christian Democratic Union, CDU). The SPD simultaneously started to overhaul its political platform with a view to taking back power in 1990. The generational conflicts, which have been widely established by researchers, gave way to a new divide between a “social wing” advocating a traditional policy and a “reforming wing” drawn towards post-materialist and “eco-socialist” values. By virtue of its immediacy, the German unification process (1989-1990) proved to be a litmus test, which allowed the efficiency of the SDP’s agenda and rhetoric to be evaluated. In spite of Rudolf Dreßler’s concrete propositions to improve the social union between East and West Germany, the SDP failed both to share its views on German unification and to impose its determination to overhaul the welfare state. Oskar Lafontaine’s reservations about the economic and social costs spiralling out of control contributed to a blurring of the lines on the SDP’s position on German unification
Siemushyna, Mariia. "Parents immigrés dans quelle(s) langue(s) vivez-vous votre parentalité ? : évaluation biographique des effets des politiques linguistiques familiales et institutionnelles sur la parentalité des parents immigrés à Strasbourg (France) et Francfort-sur-le-Main (Allemagne)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG024.
Full textThis research focuses on the effects of family and institutional language policies on different dimensions of parenting of migrant parents (exercice, practice, experience (Houzel, 1999)). The analysis is based on non-directive interviews and life stories of immigrant parents and children, as well as testimonies of professionals and volunteer resource persons in Strasbourg (France) and Frankfurt-on-the-Main (Germany). By positioning parents as the main focus of this study, we endeavour to make a contribution to the research on family language policies, and through conducting a biographical evaluation of institutional language policies, we also seek to contribute to studies on policy evaluation, and in particular to those on the evaluation of language policies
Wernert, Carole. "L'historicité de la transition énergétique bas carbone : analyse comparée des politiques énergie-climat locales en France (Metz) et en Allemagne (Sarrebruck)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3016.
Full textThis thesis questions the capacity of cities to seize the energy issue through history, then through a low carbon perspective. It is based on assumptions that the introduction of energy as a local resource, is to become a reason for low carbon transition in cities. The historicity of this transition indicates that its lineaments are sometimes identifiable before the advent of its imperatives. Through a territorial history of energy, the thesis contributes to decoding keys of interest of cities to the low carbon transition as well as "its atomic elements" at the local scale.The city of Metz has a Local Distribution Company (ELD), rare in France, created under German annexation in 1901: Usine d'Electricité de Metz (UEM). The company produces and distributes electricity and heat. It belongs to the city (85%) and consolidates public finances while developing local and / or renewable resources.Saarbrücken, the capital of a German coal and industrial land, seems reluctant to the low carbon transition. However, in the years 1980-1990, the city and its "Stadtwerk" (German ELD) challenged nuclear power-plants and played the role of laboratory for renewables. The energy transition in Saarbrücken also shows ruptures, coal path dependencies, and illustrates the non-linearity of the process. Depending on the historical characteristics of cities and the exogenous pressures on urban supply, low-carbon energy transitions interest local actors to different extents and take various forms and rhythms
Fabre, Christopher. "La dimension environnementale des politiques énergétiques française et allemande de 1973 à 2000 : de l’antagonisme à la convergence des modèles ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040102.
Full textThis thesis studies the integration of environmental issues into French and German energy policies between 1973 and 2000. While the two countries are generally analyzed in terms of their divergences, the question here is whether the development of protection of the environment has not contributed to the phenomena of convergence. To do this, the energy systems of the two countries are studied in their entirety and through a long historical perspective. Beyond the nuclear question, it is indeed the entire energy mix and the evolution of consumption that are questioned here, from the first oil shock and the launch of nuclear programs, until the early 2000s, Which mark the beginning of a new cycle for the energy sector. Over the period as a whole, environmental protection has become a key and structuring issue, particularly through the development of standards and commitments at international and community levels. While the nuclear issue remains a definite element of differentiation, it appears that it responds to different initial constraints between the two countries and is gradually being resolved. In the end, there is a certain degree of convergence of all French and German indicators between 1973 and 2000, to which the protection of the environment contributed with certainty
Borzillo, Laurent. "Les forces expéditionnaires bi/multinationales en Europe : analyse comparée des politiques d’alliance de la France et de l’Allemagne (1991-2016)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTD001.
Full textWhy do states create bi/multinational expeditionary forces? Why have not they been used yet? The objective of this PhD dissertation is to explain this paradox, which is well exemplified by the Franco-German brigade and the European Union Battle Groups (EUBG). Although these two units are not the only ones in Europe that can be qualified as expeditionary forces, we chose these two case studies to analyze, among others, the decision-making processes in both France and Germany.We have therefore focused on these two units and on the alliance policies that are at the origin of these units. In practice, our research builds on the work on alliances and the field of comparative foreign policy analysis. The theoretical framework developed to explain the foreign policy decisions is based on the theory of roles by Kal Holsti. Our findings indicate that these decisions are made only by a limited group of actors and result from the roles those actors assume for their country. Institutional arrangements, as well as conflicts and power struggles, moderate these roles. In addition, there is strong evidence for path dependency in cases where decisions have an institutional scope.The decisions in favor of the Franco-German brigade and the EUBG ultimately resulted from the role of a promoter of reinforced European military capabilities and the role of a faithful ally, which dominated among the actors behind these decisions. Other roles present among the French and German decision-makers tend, on the contrary, to slow down the use of these units. This is particularly true for the role of a great power (France) and the role of a civilian power (Germany). Several roles coexist indeed within each state and each sees its amount of influence fluctuate. This variation in roles’ influence depends on the actors involved, as well as on power struggles and relations.Our dissertation is divided into seven chapters. In the first three we will return to the literature on expeditionary forces and alliances, to our methodology, and to the international relations in Europe over the past thirty years. The following chapters deal with the development of the Franco-German brigade as an expeditionary force, the creation of battle groups, the choice of partners within them, and finally the non-employment of these military troops. These are the four empirical chapters of our research.In conclusion, we estimate that the probability of deployment of the studied units in the coming years remains rather low. Relying on role theory, our theoretical explanation serves as a tool for understanding the functioning of the French and German political-military decision-making structures. While validated for this analysis, this theoretical framework now has to be tested on other case studies
Glaeser, Janina. "Politiques du 'care' en France et en Allemagne : étude des parcours des assistant-e-s maternel-le-s issu-e-s de l'immigration." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG030.
Full textThis research project examines how care policies affect the social mobility of child minders with migrant backgrounds in France and (West) Germany. As an element of modern division of labour among women, the child minders’ situation influences the issue of care in the European welfare state within society as a whole. Taking biographical-narrative interviews with registered family home-based child minders in both countries as a basis, those actors are considered who enable mothers (and fathers) to go to work within the scope of outsourcing domestic housework and day care duties
Es wird in diesem Forschungsprojekt untersucht, wie care policies auf die soziale Mobilität migrantischer Kindertagespflegepersonen in Frankreich und Westdeutschland einwirken und damit, als Teil der modernen Arbeitsteilung unter Frauen, die gesamtgesellschaftliche Problematik von Care im europäischen Wohlfahrtsstaat beeinflussen. Anhand von biografisch-narrativen Interviews mit registrierten Tageseltern in beiden Ländern werden Akteure in den Blick genommen, die den Müttern (und Vätern) im Prozess des Outsourcings von Haushalts- und Fürsorgearbeit ermöglichen, erwerbstätig zu sein
Lanoe, Elise. "La culture au service de la diplomatie? Les politiques culturelles extérieures de la RFA et de la France au Brésil (1961-1973)." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738382.
Full textCampbell, Margaret Isabel Catherine. "Harmony and dissonance : a study of the influence of foreign policy goals on military decision-making with respect to the canadian NATO brigade in Germany, 1951-1964." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ54006.pdf.
Full textFontaine, Thomas. "Déporter : politiques de déportation et répression en France occupée : 1940-1944." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010602/document.
Full textDeportations by means of large-scale transports of 1,000 people, small convoys of 50 prisoners, killing executions, reckless slaughter. ... German repression in Occupied France took many forms. The measure of this repression that claimed the largest number of victims in Occupied France from 1940 to 1944 was deportation. Tens of thousands - at least 60,500 people from France's northern and southern occupied zones - were subject to this enormous forced transfer to the Reich's concentrationary and prison systems. This study demonstrates that to comprehend deportees as a group, we must first focus on the steps involved in their deportation. The concept of deportation policies has enabled us to think through such a process. By envisaging deportation as a congeries of policies, we can examine the objectives of the Germans, specify transfer conditions, and explain their results. Further, this work offers an indispensable contextualization by placing these deportation policies within the larger framework of the repressive methods established in Occupied France. Finally, because this subject could not be delimited and explored using this approach after the World War Il, we discuss the function of representations and of memory, as well as their ramifications for historiography
Mor, Elsa. "La transition énergétique urbaine : vers une reconfiguration multi- niveaux des systèmes de gouvernance et des systèmes énergétiques ? : Deux études de cas contrastées : Bristol (Royaume-Uni) et Munich (Allemagne)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3010/document.
Full textThe PhD addresses the processes of urban energy transition and their multi-level dimension. Given that these processes cannot be considered independently from the local context in which they apply and that they are built in interaction with the other levels of action, understanding them calls for a multi-level analysis to shed light the articulations between the different scales of decision and action. The first part shows that the systemic and cross-cutting nature of the climate-energy issues makes governance processes more complex and contributes to their reorganization at all scales of action by questioning the standard conceptual frameworks and disciplinary fields. The second and third parts develop mixed case studies, Munich and Bristol. This analysis reveals a contrast in the transition models, between Bristol, which favors a strategy of decentralization and energy resilience supported by the municipality, the energy communities and the industrial actors, and Munich, which adopts a strategy organized around the relocation of electricity generation and the internationalization of activities of the municipal energy company (SWM) – 7th largest German producer. A reversal of the dynamics and national models of energy is paradoxically observed between the national and the local scales. The UK centralism acts as a structural constraint for the decentralized strategy of Bristol, in Munich, the EnergieWende is a driver for the industrial and delocalized strategy of the SWM, which becomes a major player in the federal transition given its scale
Chanson, Aude. "Ruptures ou continuités dans les enjeux scolaires, de la période coloniale allemande puis britannique à l'émergence de la nation Tanganyikaise (1885-1961)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC131.
Full textThis research is devoted to education in German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika : DOA), which became Tanganyika Territory as a part of the British East Africa (BEA) in the aftermath of the Great War. This transition could have resulted in a discontinuity of school policy, particularly with regard to Africans who formed the majority of the population alongside Arabo-Swahili, Indians and a minority of Europeans. Instead, a strategy of laissez-faire prevailed during the British rule, which was a style of Indirect Rule that allotted insufficient means to education. The educational priorities, like at the time of DOA, were rather to train auxiliaries, create a skilled workforce and reinforce the intermediaries for the purpose of colonization. But even in this colonial context, Arabo-Swahili and Indians continued to play a decisive role. As a mosaic of societies and languages, the question of language proved pivotal in the educational discussions of the territory. Debates and tensions thus emerged between various educational actors; and yet, the Kiswahili persisted throughout the entire colonial period and beyond.Despite speeches and investigations meant to improve and adapt the educational system, education for the majority was not part of the program of government schools. These schools were far more concerned with training an elite during the German and British colonial periods. Education for the minorities was provided by religious schools run by the missionaries, some of them having existed since the last decades of the 19th century. Missionaries pursued evangelism as their main objective. However, World War II marked a rupture in school policy. Nationalist associations and parties, mainly the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), appropriated the issues of education, especially African education, to prepare for independence. This diverse country finally achieved unity thanks to two factors: one, the efforts to adopt a common African language, Kiswahili, which was generalized during the German colonial era, and two, a man named Julius Nyerere, who made education a national priority
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Schulausbildung in Deutsch-Ostafrika (DOA). Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurde das Tanganyika Territory, unter britisches Mandat gestellt, als Teil des Verbundes des British East Africa (BEA). Diese Zäsur brachte Umbrüche in der Schulpolitik mit sich, insbesondere für die afrikanische Bevölkerung, welche die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung stellten, vor arabischen Swahili, Indern und der europäischen Minderheit. Dennoch war die Zeit der britischen Vorherrschaft, im Rahmen der indirect rule, von einer Logik des Laisser-faire geprägt, und für die Ausbildung standen nur unzureichende Mittel zur Verfügung. Auch in dieser Zeit, wie auch schon während der deutschen Kolonialisation, blieb die Ausbildung von Hilfspersonal, qualifizierten Arbeitskräften und mittleren Verwaltungs-beamten das vornehmliche Ziel der Schulbildung. Unter den britischen Kolonialherren spielten weiterhin die arabischen Swahili und Inder eine wichtige Rolle. In diesem Puzzle aus verschiedenen Gesellschaften und Sprachen auf diesem Territorium war hinsichtlich schulischer Belangen die Frage nach dem Erlernen der Sprachen von fundamentaler Bedeutung. Diesbezüglich kam es zu Auseinandersetzungen und Spannungen zwischen den verschiedenen Akteuren der schulischen Bildung. Trotzem blieb das Kiswahili während der gesamten Kolonialzeit und auch über diese Zeit hinaus die vorherrschende Sprache.Trotz vieler Reden und Studien im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung und Anpassung des Unterrichts, das Unterrichten der Hauptzahl der Bevölkerung war nicht Ziel von der Regierung eingerichteten Schulen, die vornehmlich der Ausbildung der Elite dienten, sowohl unter der deutschen Kolonialherrschaft, als unter britischem Mandat. Das Unterrichten der anderen Bevölkerungskreise wurde konfessionnell getragenen Schulen überlassen, die von Missionaren geleitet wurden, die teilweise seit dem ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert auf dem Territorium anwesend gewesen sind. Deren Hauptziel war jedoch die Mission. Der Zweite Weltkrieg bringt dennoch eine Zäsur in der Schulpolitik mit sich. Vereinigungen und nationalistische Parteien, insbesondere die Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), machen sich die Frage der Schulbildung, insbesondere die der afrikanischen Bevölkerung, zu eigen, mit dem Ziel des Erlangens der Unabhängigkeit. Dieses sehr vielseitige Land wird seine Einheit in dem gemeinsam beschrittenen, verschlugenen Weg finden in der Wahl einer gemeinsamen afrikanischen Sprache, dem Kiswahili, das während der deutschen Kolonialzeit durchgesetzt wurde, und durch Julius Nyerere, der die Schulbildung zu einer Frage von nationaler Wichtigkeit machte
Bergès, Michel. "Corporatisme et construction de l'État." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10029.
Full textAlouko, Ange Thierry. "La politique étrangère de Willy Brandt." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030008.
Full textWilly Brandt, chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), from 1969 to 1974, has certainly marked Germany’s history post-war period by his Ostpolitik, the Détente’s policy between East and West and the policy of relations’ normalization between the FRG and the Soviet bloc. But his political career has had many experiences and a variety of commitments at international level. Willy Brandt, as an European, who believes in the FRG’s integration into the West, is also the protagonist of the opening to the East and the advocate of the Third World’s development