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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Police assessment'
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1
Koepfler, James Robert. "Predicting police aggression : using theory to inform police selection assessment /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (997.98 KB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/masters/koepfljr/koepfljr_masters_04-14-2010_thesis.pdf.
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Aldago, Mohamed Ahmed Abaker. "Police for peace : an assessment of Sudan's police force in peacebuilding." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14162.
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This study aims to examine the relation between Sudanese police and peacebuilding in the country following an exceptionally long period of varied and complex violent conflict Literature on peacebuilding acknowledges the increasing role of police in peacebuilding, but is more often focussed on international police forces than domestic police. in order to investigate the roles of domestic forces in peacebuilding an analysis of the Sudan police is undertaken, which includes its history, organisation, management, training and the adoption of a policy of ‘community policing’. The study evaluates community policing as relatively modern policing style that is espoused by international peace builders in post conflict settings. It also examines the placement of police in peace agreements. The study concludes that whilst international police efforts in peacebuilding are not without pitfalls, domestic police, such as the Sudanese, may also be unfit for peacebuilding roles without changes in certain aspects of their organisational, management, recruitment, training and policing approaches. The study proposes a more combined approach that brings together domestic and international police for more effective role in peacebuilding.
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Aldago, Mohamed A. A. "Police for Peace An Assessment of Sudan’s Police Force in Peacebuilding." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14162.
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This study aims to examine the relation between Sudanese police and peacebuilding in the country following an exceptionally long period of varied and complex violent conflict Literature on peacebuilding acknowledges the increasing role of police in peacebuilding, but is more often focussed on international police forces than domestic police.
in order to investigate the roles of domestic forces in peacebuilding an analysis of the Sudan police is undertaken, which includes its history, organisation, management, training and the adoption of a policy of ‘community policing’. The study evaluates community policing as relatively modern policing style that is espoused by international peace builders in post conflict settings. It also examines the placement of police in peace agreements.
The study concludes that whilst international police efforts in peacebuilding are not without pitfalls, domestic police, such as the Sudanese, may also be unfit for peacebuilding roles without changes in certain aspects of their organisational, management, recruitment, training and policing approaches. The study proposes a more combined approach that brings together domestic and international police for more effective role in peacebuilding.
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Dale, Andrew J. "The problem of assessment in police work." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316247.
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Chan, Wa-shing. "An assessment of the police superintendent's discretion scheme." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19709778.
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Tinsley, Paul Norlend. "Assessing discrimination in a police recruit assessment center." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ56634.pdf.
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Chan, Wa-shing, and 陳華勝. "An assessment of the police superintendent's discretion scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965581.
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McMullen, Shirley M. "Are the police racist? A critical assessment of the literature on police minority relations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9455.
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This thesis proposes that the systemic differential treatment of aboriginal and racial minority peoples in the criminal justice system is at least partly attributed to police racism. Discrimination, which refers to the negative treatment toward out-groups (Elliot and Fleras, 1992:330), is systemic in policing and not isolated to racial minorities. The lower class and others considered deviant are also routinely discriminated against. However, the visibility of racial minorities and aboriginal peoples makes them particularly susceptible to police actions. Because the role of policing necessitates the identification of not only criminals but also potential criminals, this identification must have visible characteristics, or cues. Consequently, the police officer comes to develop these visible characteristics to identify criminals. It is thus the visibility of racial minorities which results in their being categorized as criminal and subsequently the focus of police suspicion. Chapter one reviews the literature in other democratic countries to determine the role of police decision-making in the over-representation of aboriginals and racial minorities in the criminal justice system. Establishing the over-representation of aboriginal peoples and visible minorities in Canada, chapter two examines various explanations for this. Chapter three presents the allegations of police racism by visible minority and aboriginal peoples. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Williams, EmmaJean. "Implementing Community Policing: a Documentation and Assessment of Organizational Change." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1156.
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Four research questions guided this documentation and assessment of the Portland Police Bureau's conversion to community policing. These questions generated a description of the events and circumstances that created the perceived need for change in the Bureau's role and function; a search for justification for selecting community policing as an alternative policing approach; a comparative analysis of past attempts to implement innovative change of a similar dimension in police organizations; and an assessment of the process by which the Bureau implemented this new policing strategy. The findings indicate that the prominent factors driving this change are first, the limitations of conventional policing tactics against emerging new patterns of crime and disorder; second, an intensification of public interest in quality-of-life issues; and third, an increase in the numbers of progressive police officers that are influencing change in the traditional police culture. The process by which the Bureau effected changes in its organizational structure and design to accommodate community policing strategies was assessed using theoretical guidelines abstracted from the organizational change literature. This assessment led to a hypothesis that innovative change which is incongruent with organizational traditions and culture must be implemented organization-wide, in an "all-or-none" fashion, to maximize the probability that the change will become institutionalized. The Bureau's inadvertent adherence to most of the guidelines suggests that a pattern may exist to guide the implementation of innovative organizational change. It was also found that the traditional bureaucratic policing structure has been relaxed, but remains quasi-bureaucratic in character, as a function of retaining the traditional military rank structure.
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Armstrong, Andrea. "The National Occupational Standards and the assessment of student police officers." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/16232/.
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Ghufli, Ali-Hamad Badi. "Training needs analysis : an empirical study of the Abu Dhabi police." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9207.
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Training Needs Analysis (TNA) is often considered the most important step among the stages in the training cycle and, therefore, should precede any training intervention. However, in spite of the importance of TNA, the literature contains little empirical work on the topic. This study investigates the current practice of TNA within the Abu Dhabi Police (ADP), in order to identify the different barriers to its effective implementation, and to develop a suitable framework that can not only be applied to the Abu Dhabi Police, but also has wide applicability to other public sector organisations. Four areas are examined, these being: current practices of TNA, training decisions, effectiveness of TNA, and the barriers to its implementation. The study adopts a phenomenological approach, using inductive qualitative data in the main. The research population is categorised into three groups: a) policy-makers, top management, and academics, b) trainers, and c) trainees. In total, 51 individuals from the ADP are interviewed. The results show that TNA in the ADP is generally conducted formally on a regular basis. To a certain extent, all the methods are in use by the ADP in identifying its training needs, and the overall perceptions of the respondents regarding TNA practices are high. However, the study has identified some barriers to the implementation of effective TNA practices in the ADP. It is to be noted here that lack of expertise of the trainers; nepotism, kinship and personal relations between the supervisors and the employees, disrupt the training selection process in the ADP. Based on the findings this study has suggested some recommendations. This study hopes to contribute to, and extend, the body of knowledge on TNA by developing a novel, holistic conceptual framework, which provides general guidelines for TNA practitioners in the public sector of the UAE to ensure the successful and effective implementation of TNA. Additionally, it will contribute to the body of knowledge of TNA in the Middle East generally, and TNA in the Middle Eastern public sector, being the first exploratory empirical study conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as far as the author believes.
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Tidmore, James R. "Basic police officer training in Oklahoma : an assessment of effectiveness and relevance /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1997.
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Boggs, Brad D. "An assessment of campus police departments across Mississippi's public community and junior colleges." Mississippi State University, 2013.
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Teicher, Sebastian. "Suspects' verbal and paralinguistic behaviour and credibility assessment in real life police interviews." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538040.
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Cook, Shannon. "The Citizen Police Academy: Assessment of a Program's Effects on Community and Officer Attitudes." TopSCHOLAR®, 2003. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/587.
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The study was conducted in order to determine the effects of the Citizen Police Academy (CPA) program on community and officer attitudes. The two main goals of this program are to increase officer awareness of community concerns and to raise community awareness about the police department. Surveys were distributed to three groups: employees of the Bowling Green Police Department, all alumni of the CPA, and a random sample of the local community. Participants were asked their attitudes regarding crime prevention, awareness of police officers' activities, and the effectiveness of the CPA program. T-tests and ANOVAs determined that police officers who had participated with the CPA did not express significantly more support for the CPA program than did those who had not participated with the program. Community members rated officer awareness of community concerns lower than did the officers themselves. Finally, alumni were able to identify obscure programs discussed by the CPA significantly more often than were community members. Results of this assessment seem to indicate that the CPA is successfully meeting its goal of increasing community awareness about the police department. Use of these results for improving the program are discussed.
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NATION, DENISE DEON. "AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF RACIAL VARIATIONS OF PREFERENCES FOR POLICE WORK." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212164227.
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劉日雄 and Yat-hung Lau. "An assessment of the historical origins and role of the marine police in contemporary Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975446.
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Hammond, Augustine. "An assessment of adolescents' perceptions of and attitudes toward police instructors in school-based drug prevention programs." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1124292573.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Urban Studies and Public Affairs, 2005."August, 2005." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 01/15/2006) Advisor, Sonia Alemagno; Committee members, Peter Leahy, Lucinda Deason, Dennis Keating, Jesse Marquette, Zili Sloboda; Department Chair, Raymond Cox III; Dean of the College, Charles Monroe; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Zengin, Cevdet. "The effectiveness of the in-service training function in the Turkish National police : A baseline assessment." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516803.
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Himelfarb, Frances E. "The effect of sex-type on perception, self-assessment and performance of police recruits in training." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20860.
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Erwee, Jurie J. J. "A psychometric assessment of the Temperament and Character Inventory in a South African sample of police recruits." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46109.
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The current investigation is post-hoc in nature and is nested in a larger research project, which aimed to explore and compare the personality characteristics, coping mechanisms and psychological well-being of South African and Swedish police trainees.
The purpose of this particular study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in a sample of South African Police trainees. A literature review highlighted that the TCI has the potential to be applied across various cultures without the risk of any ethnic or gender bias; this characteristic is attributed to the theoretical model underlying the TCI, which assumes that personality consists of seven universal factors, which manifest in an invariant manner across all humans. Despite this, the majority of international research focussing on the TCI version nine has been undertaken with primarily European populations and Eastern populations. Research exploring the construct equivalence, factor structure and the level of instrument bias of the TCI in any African is virtually non-existent. The current study endeavoured to address the aforementioned knowledge gap by exploring the psychometric properties of the TCI in a multi-cultural South African sample.
The primary goal of the research endeavour was to explore whether the TCI can in the future be established as a valid and reliable personality assessment measure in a multi-cultural context like South Africa. Literature indicates that in the current South African psychometric context personality measures should adhere to the stipulations of the employment equity act (EEA), which especially in its amended form requires fair and just measurement. Studies such as this one can be used to adjudicate whether the TCI has the potential to be used as a fair and reliable measure, which does not violate the stipulation of the employment equity act. In this way the measure may contribute to provide evidence which can be used to make fair, just and reliable decisions not only in the South African Police Service, but also within the general public.
A quantitative investigation was conducted using analysis base on Item Response Theory, specifically the Rasch model, which is considered more accurate than Classical Test Theory in assessing the psychometric functioning of dichotomous personality assessment measures. The analyses rendered information with which the researcher was able to evaluate the validity, reliability, levels of gender and cultural bias, as well as the factors rendered by the TCI. The research sample was a convenient one, comprising 1144 police trainees whom completed a test-battery of four tests, which included the TCI. The results derived from this investigation show that the primary TCI scales each measured a single factor, the presence of these factors among the current sample provide some support for the universality of the TCI; however most of these scales showed a high level of bias when measuring their respective constructs across ethnic and gender groups. The results also pointed out that numerous items and sub-scales possess a considerable level of ethnic and gender bias. There was also no attempt made to investigate the reasons underlying bias, bias may yield important information about cross-cultural differences and can also be seen as a phenomenon that requires explanation (Poortinga and Van der Flier, 1989), which means that the study created a launch pad for future investigations to explore the sources of bias.
These findings have stern implications for the larger research project, as it might decrease the validity of findings derived from comparing scores across groups within the current sample, and to a lesser degree if the performance of the current sample is compared to that of the Swedish sample. It can also be argued that another implication of the study’s findings is that the information derived from the TCI cannot legally be used to make clinical or selection decisions based partially on the personality profile of individuals; however the convenient nature of the sample limits the generalizability of the investigation’s findings. This means that additional research is first required before the legitimacy of the use of the TCI in a South African context can be evaluated.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
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Psychology
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Barnard, Adi. "The cross-cultural application of the social axioms survey in the South African Police Service / A. Barnard." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11.
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Beliefs are social in nature. and are widely shared within social groups, such as cultures.
Shared beliefs reflect how people construct their social world and how they seek meaning and
understanding of social realities. and they are context specific. General beliefs are context free
and related to a wide spectrum of social behaviours across diverse contexts, actors,
targets and periods. These general beliefs function like axioms in mathematics, thus they are
basic premises that people endorse and on which they rely to guide their actions. A better
understanding of beliefs can therefore be a useful instrument in managing a diverse
workforce, such as the workforce found in South Africa.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the replicability of the Social Axioms Survey
(SAS) in the South African Police Service (SAPS), to examine the construct equivalence and
item bias. and to assess the reliability. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study
population consisted of applicants (N=1535) who applied for jobs in the SAPS. The SAS
instrument was administered. Descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor
analyses, scale and item level analysis and estimation of reliability were used to analyse the
results.
An exploratory factor analysis utilising target rotation applied on all 60 items of the SAS
revealed four interpretable factors (Factor 1 = Social Cynicism; Factor 2 = Reward for
Application; Factor 4 = Fate Control; and Factor 5 = Spirituality Religiosity) congruent with
the model of Leung et al. (2002). The third factor, namely Social Complexity did not
replicate. Values of Tucker's phi higher than 0.90 were found for seven culture groups (Zulu,
Sotho, Tswana, Swati, Tsonga, Venda and Pedi). This provided a strong indication of the
structural equivalence. Analyses of variance showed that item bias was not a major
disturbance. Cronbach's alpha reported lower levels of reliability.
Recommendations for future research were made.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Henning, Christopher John. "An assessment of routinely collected information on internet sex offenders by criminal justice social workers and the police in Scotland : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31028.
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The number of offenders who have been convicted of possession, distribution or production of sexually explicit media involving children (SEMIC) has increased exponentially in the last decade. The majority of these cases have been facilitated by increased availability and affordability of the internet and mobile technology. This has led both practitioners and academics to question whether or not internet sex offenders are a new type of offender or whether they are similar to contact offenders who target children offline. Questions have also been raised as to whether or not such internet sex offenders are a homogenous group or whether they can be distinguished by their potential to recidivate or escalate to contact offences. This thesis contributes to this body of knowledge by assessing the information routinely collected on internet sex offenders by criminal justice social workers and the police in Scotland. The forensic reports produced by the police (N=80) alongside matched social enquiry reports from criminal justice social workers (N=30), on all of the offenders convicted for breach of section 52 of the Civic Government Scotland Act (1982) in a particular region of Scotland from 2002-2009, were assessed. Police reports contained detailed information relating to specific offending behaviours: the number of images/videos found on the offender’s computer; the age and sex of the children depicted; the severity of the SEMIC (based on the modified COPINE scale); where the SEMIC was from and how it was stored; whether the offender attempted to hide any images or videos, and whether or not he shared or produced any SEMIC. These reports also noted whether the offender had any previous convictions, as well as age at the time of the offence. Based on the social enquiry reports, the criminal justice social workers focused on demographic characteristics (age, educational background, employment history, family status) of the offenders as well as the attitudes or beliefs they might have held (expression of remorse or guilt and admission to being sexually attracted to children). The social enquiry reports also provided risk assessments, which assessed this group of internet sex offenders as a normally distributed range from low to very high risk to reoffend utilizing the RM2000 and Stable/Acute 2007. The criminal justice social workers did not differentiate between offenders in their management recommendations, which as reported in social enquiry reports, included: no use of the internet except for education or employment; no ownership of devices capable of taking or receiving images/videos, and no unsupervised access to children. Statistical analysis of this sample showed that distinctions between internet sex offenders could be made based on their offending behaviour, demographic information and attitudes they held about the crime. Correlation analysis suggested that offenders who were in possession of SEMIC depicting very young children were also likely to be in possession of SEMIC depicting boys and Level 4/5 images or videos (based on the modified COPINE scale). In addition, offenders who possessed very large collections of SEMIC were also the most likely to be in possession of the most deviant images and videos. Post-hoc analysis suggested offenders who were producers of SEMIC were more likely to have been in relationships and single offenders were more likely to be in possession of the more deviant collections. Contrary to what was expected, the size of an offender’s collection of SEMIC was negatively correlated with the risk assessment level reported by the criminal justice social workers. These results are discussed in the context of current research on risk assessment and management. Based on that current literature and the results of this research, it is recommended that criminal justice social workers utilize information relating the offender’s behaviour, or more specifically the quantity and deviancy of the SEMIC he possessed, in relation to his social circumstances when making recommendations for management and assessing his risk to reoffend.
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Welthagen, Gerrit Cornelius. "The cross-cultural application of the adapted Schwartz values instrument in South Africa / G.C. Welthagen." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1114.
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Different value systems are a major source of diversity between people and culture groups. A
better understanding of these differences can be a valuable tool when a diverse work force, as
found in South Africa, has to be managed. Values can act as a unifying theory for the field of
human motivation, as a way of organising the different needs, motives and goals proposed in
other theories. The values theory describes aspects of the human psychological structure that
are fundamental, aspects presumably common to all humankind.
The objective of this study was to investigate the construct equivalence of the values as
measured by the Work and Organizational Values Scale for new applicants from different
language groups in the South African Police Service (SAPS), and to investigate the
relationship between the value patterns of the different language and gender groups.
A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study population consisted of two groups who
applied for jobs in the South African Police Services (SAPS). The first group consisted of
civilians (N=3 400), while the second group consisted of police applicants (N=1 800). The
Work and Organizational Values Scale was administered. Descriptive statistics, exploratory
factor analyses, and multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyse the results.
Principal component analysis with a direct oblimin rotation resulted in two factors. The first
factor was interpreted as self-enhancement (power, materialism and prestige) versus
conservation (conformity and security). The second factor was interpreted as collectivism
(social commitment, relations, and environment) versus individualism (goal-orientedness.
stimulation and self-direction). These factors were found to be equivalent for four language
groups. Statistically significant differences were found between the value priorities of
different language groups as well as genders. However, larger practically significant
differences were found between males and females than between different language groups.
Recommendations for future research were made.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Hutchison, Eric. "The Effect of Community Evaluators on the Selection of Entry-Level Police Officers." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6724.
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As a method of building relationships with the public, some police forces have integrated community members into the candidate assessment and selection process. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine the effect of integrating community evaluators as a new method in the assessment and selection process for police officers in a city police force. Media richness theory and general mental ability were used as a framework, and archival data from a large Midwest department of public safety were collected by filing two public records requests. Data from 2,510 police candidates were included. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using correlational and regression tests to examine rater agreement, subgroup differences (gender or race/ethnicity) in selection outcomes, and the predictive validity of a testing method as measured by academy performance with and without the integration of community evaluators. There was no evidence to suggest that integrating community evaluators into the assessment and selection process for entry-level police officers affected rater agreement or subgroup differences in selection outcomes. The findings from this study support positive social change by indicating that integrating the community into a structured assessment process did not impact selection outcomes as measured by gender, race/ethnicity, or academy performance, which may encourage public safety departments to build community relationships by inviting local residents to participate in the assessment and selection process for police officers. Other social change may include the effect that the integration of community members could have on applicant and community perceptions of the assessment and selection process for police officers.
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Taniguchi, Travis A. "Policing a Negotiated World: An Empirical Assessment of the Ecological Theory of Policing." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/76079.
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Criminal JusticePh.D.
Klinger's (1997) ecological theory of policing addresses the intersection of environment and police organizational structure on police patrol practices. It argues that officer actions can be characterized along a continuum of formal authority ranging from vigorous to lenient, where arrest represents more vigor than non-arrest, filing a report more vigor than not filing a report, and so forth. The theory has the potential to explain the spatial patterning of police behavior by incorporating both formal and informal organizational practices and community characteristics. Although the theory has been cited extensively, evaluations have been limited. The single existing direct assessment of Klinger's theory was qualitative, on a small scale, and resulted in findings both consistent with, and in disagreement with, key theoretical postulates (Hassell, 2006). This dissertation is an extensive quantitative examination of this key policing theory, which addresses the following research question; "Is police response to calls for service and self-initiated activity influenced by the level of serious violent crime?" Police responsiveness was measured by the final disposition given to a case and the number of arrests made for low seriousness events; self-initiated activity was measured by the level of traffic enforcement. Additional questions are also addressed such as: Does the relationship between police workload and responsiveness and police workload and self-initiated activity vary over time? If there is a cross-sectional relationship found between these factors, is it contingent upon socio-demographic or land use characteristics of where the events occur? If Klinger's ecological theory of policing is correct it is expected that police will expend less vigor towards low seriousness events and self-initiated activity if there is a great deal of serious crime demanding their attention. The current work also extends the ecological theory in two ways: by expanding and clarifying the impact of environmental factors and by examining the proposed relationship between crime level and vigor within a longitudinal framework. These questions were addressed using data supplied by the Philadelphia Police Department, demographic data from the U.S. Census, and environmental data drawn from a number of sources. Three dependent variables quantified police vigor at different stages of case processing; (1) the number of incidents that resulted in a final disposition of unfounded; (2) the number of low seriousness incidents that ended in an arrest; and (3) the number of traffic stops. These count outcomes were measured at both the census block group level and at the police district level of aggregation. Low seriousness offenses present the greatest opportunities for officer discretion and, therefore, provide officers the most latitude in selecting the vigor of their response. These data were analyzed using both cross-sectional multilevel model (MLM) design and a repeated measure MLM design. Additionally, exploratory spatial data analyses (ESDA) investigated the spatial distributions of these dependent variables. Findings generally support key propositions of Klinger's ecological theory of variations in policing behavior. Vigor varied as a result of officer workload (the number of serious crime incidents) and resource constraint (the number of officer hours assigned to patrol duties). Yet other findings suggested that further conceptual development is still required. The relationship between vigor and key theoretical variables was frequently sensitive to the way vigor was operationalized. More problematically, variations in vigor were expected to be greatest in events of low seriousness. Yet, crime types fall along a continuum of seriousness and imposing arbitrary cut points between low seriousness events and high seriousness events was a difficult task that required either arbitrary distinctions between crime types or value judgments about the seriousness of a crime. Furthermore, these findings suggested that the spatial and temporal resolution through which vigor is investigated will have potentially dramatic impacts upon whether the findings support, or are in contradiction to, key theoretical relationships. These findings, taken a whole, suggest that the ecological theory of policing has strength and utility in explaining patterns of police activity but also that a number of issues could benefit from further conceptual development.
Temple University--Theses
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Ciaccia, Frank. "Building the New Westminster Police Service as a learning and leadership organization, an employee assessment of leadership skills and competencies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59431.pdf.
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Daniels, Nicolette. "An assessment of quality management in the South African Police service: a case study of selected community service centres in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2359.
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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.This study examined concerns relating to the provision of quality service by the community service centres of police stations and identified how this provision is linked to quality management practices. The researcher adopted a mixed method approach, utilising both qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the service provided to the clients of three police stations in Mfuleni, Kuilsriver and Kleinvlei.
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Warshel, Yael. "How do you convince children that the "army', "terrorists" and the "police" can live together peacefully? a peace communication assessment model /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3386931.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 11, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 681-712).
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Van, Sittert Vanessa. "The relationship between personality preference and career anchors amongst police officers within the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8837_1255683696.
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The objective of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the personality preference and career anchors of police officers. The idea that personality relates meaningfully to the kinds of careers people choose and how they perform in these careers, has a long history in career psychology.
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Smith, Kristine Marie. "The assessment of writing ability: A comparative cost effectiveness study of indirect and direct measures." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/640.
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Terry, Travis Neal. "Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emergency Lighting, Retroreflective Markings, and Paint Color on Policing and Law Enforcement Safety." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104450.
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This project is an in-depth investigation on the impact of lighting, marking and paint schemes on the operational aspects of police vehicles. This investigation consisted of two phases that ultimately consisted of four experiments. An array of lighting and marking schemes were implemented on police vehicles in a variety of jurisdictions for evaluation. The study then investigated the change in the visibility of police officers, the public reaction to these schemes, and the operational impacts of these systems.
The first phase of the project was a naturalistic observation study where the goal was to better understand how traffic behaved around traffic stops. Test vehicles were positioned in simulated traffic stops and patrol locations to determine how traffic behavior was affected by various configurations of police lighting and markings. Camera and radar systems were used to measure the changes in driver speed and when drivers responded to the move over law.
Based on the results of the naturalistic studies, the impact of the lighting system on officer visibility was investigated in a controlled human factors test where the ability of a driver to see a police officer outside of their vehicle was measured in the presence of the lighting systems. The purpose of this interjected effort was to verify that the experimental schemes would not increase risk to law enforcement despite data from the first phase indicating the vehicles were more visible. A second part to that study evaluated conventional methods of bolstering an officer's visibility outside of their vehicle at night.
The second phase took the findings of the first phase and implemented changes to several police vehicles from local and state agencies to be in operation for at least 18 months. This was to assess the rate of near-misses and crash rate to relate the vehicle changes to law enforcement safety. Additionally, rates of citations were assessed, and surveys offered an opportunity for law enforcement to provide their own feedback on the implementations.
The lighting systems evaluated included a completely blue lighting system, an enhanced all blue lighting system with twice the light output, a red and blue system, and a single flashing blue beacon. In terms of markings, retroreflective markings along the side of the vehicle, a retroreflective contour line, chevrons on the rear of the vehicle and unmarked vehicles were evaluated. Finally, a variety of vehicle colors were used to investigate the impact of the base vehicle paint color.
The results indicate that both the red and blue lighting system and the high output blue lighting system increase the distance at which drivers moved over significantly. In general, at least 95% of traffic attempted to merge away from an actively lighted police vehicle, when possible. In terms of the speed change, drivers began reducing their speed by approximately 600 m from the police vehicle. Similarly, the addition of retroreflectivity to the rear of the vehicle showed an additional benefit for causing drivers to move over sooner. However, these benefits came at a cost to the officer's visibility. When outside of their vehicle, the high output blue system significantly reduced officer detectability while the red and blue configuration only impacted detection distance by 3 meters. The investigation did find that these impacts could be overcome with retroreflective vests worn by the officers.
In the second phase, a preference revealed by officers favored the red-blue configuration. They stated that this configuration provided greater comfort for them and less glare to approaching drivers. The study also revealed that the alternative configurations did not impact the operational activities of police authority.Doctor of Philosophy
This project evaluated how lighting, marking and paint schemes on police vehicles affected their visibility and how traffic responded to them. An observational study positioned police vehicles with alternative lighting and markings in simulated traffic stops and patrol locations to evaluate traffic behavior. Camera and radar systems were used to measure the changes in driver speed and when drivers responded to the Move Over law. A second study evaluated how the lighting systems on a police car affect the visibility of an officer at night in a traffic stop scenario. A followup experiment looked into methods for bolstering the visibility of officers at night through conventional implementations such as body worn LED lighting, the use of a retroreflective vest, or by using lighting on the police vehicle's light bar to increase illumination of the police officer. A third study took the findings of the previous experiments and outfitted 64 Virginia State Police vehicles for 18 months. Another 64 Virginia State Police vehicles participated in a control condition where no changes were made to their vehicles. Data collected included the rate of near-misses or crashes and the rates of written citations. Surveys were administered to each participating officer regarding their perception of safety and comfort and allowed their open feedback and suggestions. The lighting systems evaluated included a completely blue lighting system, an enhanced all blue lighting system with twice the light output, a red and blue system, and a single flashing blue beacon. In terms of markings, retroreflective markings along the side of the vehicle, a retroreflective contour line, chevrons on the rear of the vehicle, and unmarked vehicles were evaluated. Finally, a variety of vehicle colors were used to investigate the impact of the base vehicle paint color. The results indicate that both the red and blue lighting system and the high output blue lighting system increase the distance at which drivers moved over significantly. In general, at least 95% of traffic attempted to merge away from an actively lighted police vehicle, when possible. In terms of the speed change, drivers began reducing their speed by approximately 600 m from the police vehicle. Similarly, the addition of retroreflectivity to the rear of the vehicle showed an additional benefit for causing drivers to move over sooner. However, these benefits came at a cost to the officer's visibility. When outside of their vehicle, the high output blue system significantly reduced officer detectability while the red and blue configuration only impacted detection distance by 3 meters. The investigation did find that these impacts could be overcome with retroreflective vests worn by the officers. In the second phase, a preference revealed by officers favored the red-blue configuration. They stated that this configuration provided greater comfort for them and less glare to approaching drivers. The study also revealed that the alternative configurations did not impact the rate of citations.
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Hallenheim, Martina. "SARA B-SAFER som riskbedömningsinstrument." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24235.
Full textAbstract:
Studien är en källstudie vars syfte är att undersöka huruvida SARA B-SAFER fungerar som riskbedömningsinstrument och om brottsutvecklingen för våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer har ökat eller minskat under tidsperioden, åren 2000-2012. Urvalet för studien är Kalmar polismyndighet och Södertörn polismästardistrikt. Underlaget för studien är tidigare forskning från hur Polisen har arbetat med SARA B-SAFER och offentlig statistik på antalet anmälda brott från Brottsförebyggande rådet (BRÅ). Resultaten i studien visar på en ökning av antalet anmälda brott för våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer, samtidigt som anmälningarna ligger på en förhållandevis jämn nivå. Vidare indikerar studien på att det finns en komplexitet kring SARA B-SAFER som riskbedömnings-instrument, då det finns indikationer på att instrumentet har en prediktiv validitet. Åtgärder för att skydda brottsoffren hamnar i skymundan och SARA B-SAFER fungerar då inte preventivt, vilket kan förklara antalet ökade anmälningar för att instrumentet predicerar rätt.This study aims to appose if the SARA B-SAFER are successful as a risk-assessment tool and if the crime development for spousal against women have risen or declined between the years 2000-2012. Kalmar Police County and Södertörn Manor are participating and statistics over crimes for spousal violence against women are studied in these areas. The material for the study is earlier research and statistics from Brottförebyggande rådet (BRÅ). The result in the study show that the crimes for spousal violence against women have increased but lay on a stable level. Further there is a complexity about SARA as a risk-assessment tool, when it seems to work on a predictive level, but not as much on a preventive stage, as wishes. The predictive factor on SARA can explain the increased numbers of crimes.
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Lucas, Marthe. "Étude juridique de la compensation écologique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA029.
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Tentant d’accommoder protection de l’environnement et artificialisation de la nature, les mesures de compensation consistent techniquement à rééquilibrer un dommage écologique par un gain écologique. Imposées juridiquement dans les années 1970, la place de ces dispositifs interroge toujours. Mesures de police administrative par nature, elles s’assimilent à un mode de réparation en dehors de tout régime de responsabilité par leur finalité : remédier en nature aux atteintes causées aux milieux naturels. Échappant à toute définition en dépit de la variété des régimes juridiques actuels, les compensations à visée écologique demeurent inabouties sur le plan juridique. De cette hétérogénéité des régimes juridiques, peut-il émerger un concept unique propre à garantir sa nature curative ? Leur vocation commune est desservie par les indéterminations juridiques dont souffrent ces compensations et qui résident tant dans la pluralité juridique des compensations que dans les défaillances pratiques lors de leur mise en œuvre. Se créé alors un hiatus entre les décisions prises fondées sur une compensation idéalisée, à savoir un instrument de lutte contre la perte de biodiversité, et la réalité des mesures le plus souvent sans équivalence écologique, précaires voire inexistantes. C’est pourquoi il convient de mettre fin à cet amalgame grâce à une caractérisation juridique de ce que devrait être la compensation écologique. Cette tentative de définition s’accompagne d’une exploration des perspectives d’avenir de la compensation écologique notamment sous l’angle d’une mutualisation des sites de compensationThe aim of ecological offsets is to combine environmental protection with the social and economic opportunities of implementing new projects on natural spaces. Technically, these measures involve restoring balance between ecological damages and ecological benefits to be provided for by the ecological offset. Ecological offsets measures became mandatory in the seventies, yet their adequacy is still questioned today. They are administrative policy measures, distinct from liability. Although several different ecological offsets exist, no law explicitly defines them. It appears then very important to know whether it’s possible to draw one global legal definition of ecological offset, in order to assure the achievement of the ecological goals of all this measures: providing effective reparation of the damages caused to the ecosystems. All the more as the lack of legal offset criteria is adding to already existing practical difficulties which may in term bring about the downfall of ecological offset.Actually, though it is widely presented as a legal instrument to reverse the loss of biodiversity; reality shows that this purpose may not be attained, especially because of a lack of unanimous ecological measurement model. That’s why ecological offset deeply needs a legal characterization of what it should be. After this attempt at a definition, the thesis proposes to explore the future of the ecological offset, including the opportunities offered by shared sites of natural remediation
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Grounard, Daniel J. "At the Intersection of Political Culture and the Policy Process: an Evolution of the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System Through the Tennessee Legislature." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27877.
Full textAbstract:
This grounded theory retrospective case study examined whether the development of the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System (TVAAS) supported Lasswell's (1951) policy process framework and the ecological adaptation of Marshall, Mitchell and Wirt's policy actors model. The study was a retrospective case study employing semi-structured interviews, analysis of documents, and archival records.
The following research questions guided the study: Did the policy process evolve linearly as in Lasswell's theoretical model? If it was different, how? With respect to Marshall, Mitchell, and Wirt's ecological model of policy actor behavior, how was this theory consistent with the evidence from this case study? How did the political culture affect the policy process? How did the selected participants interpret their roles in the different policy stages? What issues developed during the stages of the policy process? How has the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System as a codified policy changed?
The study concluded that the policy process evolved linearly, but took multiple cycles. The Small School Lawsuit precipitated events that suggest features of Punctuated Equilibrium and Multiple Streams theories during the agenda setting stage. The Advocacy Coalition Framework theory underscored many of the events that occurred in later stages. Policy actor behavior changed relative to actor proximity to the inner circle. The traditionalistic policy culture of Tennessee influenced the policy process largely through the elite's inclusion of the TVAAS policy in the omnibus Education Improvement Act (EIA) Bill. The interviewee/participant's roles during the policy process varied at the different policy process stages.
Several issues (superintendent elections, teacher evaluation) with the omnibus EIA bill emerged during the policy process that threatened its passage; however, the bill passed due to the initial urgency of fiscal litigation concerns. Since its passage, TVAAS as a codified policy has not experienced any significant changes, except No Child Left Behind has necessitated changes to the types of assessments and indicators.
This study may be very useful to policy analyses and policy-makers interested in state level policymaking.Ed. D.
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Blyden, Eleanor R. Penn. "Utilization of needs assessments by decision makers : a comparative analysis of assessment methods." FIU Digital Commons, 1995. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1715.
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The major purpose of this study was to ascertain how needs assessment findings and methodologies are accepted by public decision makers in the U. S. Virgin Islands. To accomplish this, the following five different needs assessments were executed: (1) population survey; (2) key informants survey; (3) community forum; (4) rates-under-treatment (RUT); and (5) social indicators analysis. The assessments measured unmet needs of older persons regarding transportation, in-home care, and sociorecreation services, and determined which of the five methodologies is most costly, time consuming, and valid.
The results of a five-way comparative analysis was presented to public sector decision makers who were surveyed to determine whether they are influenced more by needs assessment findings, or by the methodology used, and to ascertain the factors that lead to their acceptance of needs assessment findings and methodologies.
The survey results revealed that acceptance of findings and methodology is influenced by the congruency of the findings with decision makers' goals and objectives, feasibility of the findings, and credibility of the researcher.
The study also found that decision makers are influenced equally by needs assessment findings and methodology; that they prefer population surveys, although they are the most expensive and time consuming of the methodologies; that different types of needs assessments produce different results; and, that needs assessment is an essential program planning tool. Executive decision makers are found to be influenced more by management factors than by legal and political factors, while legislative decision makers are influenced more by legal factors. Decision makers overwhelmingly view their leadership style as democratic.
A typology of the five needs assessments, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses is offered as a planning guide for public decision makers.
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Bekker, Marleen Petra Maria. "The politics of healthy policies redesigning health impact assessment to integrate health in public policy /." Delft : Rotterdam : Eburon ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10491.
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Lemons, Kenneth Elvert. "A comparative study of technology assessment, social impact assessment and environmental impact assessment in developed and less developed countries : 1980-1994." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28952.
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Davies, Tom Graham. "Sustainability assessment : towards a new generation of policy assessment, principles and process." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5723.
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This thesis examines the current state of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in relation to
its explicit aim of Sustainable Development (SD). The argument developed is that with increasing
levels of theoretical and practical interest in Strong Sustainability (SS), the current, largely
retrospective model of SEA, and its application need to be re-envisioned. The thesis therefore
improves this existing model of SEA to ensure greater sensitivity to concerns for stronger
sustainability. The new model is referred to as Strategic Sustainability Development (SSD). This
model is tested against the current Auckland Regional Growth Strategy (ARGS) to determine
whether an SEA model, with explicit Strong Sustainability references can generate a workable
process for governments to achieve SD related goals. In particular, the new model is assessed to
see whether applying it to the issue of Climate Change would result in substantive environmental
gains in Auckland, New Zealand.
The ARGS as it stands in 2008 has taken a small but important step towards Sustainability by
recognizing the need for limiting spatial growth. To this end, the Auckland Regional Growth Forum
has instigated the creation of Auckland���s Metropolitan Urban Limit and internal growth
conurbations. These developments, while positive, will however fail to address the key
environmental issues facing Auckland. The ARGS, by adopting a framework that conforms to the
standard of only Weak Sustainability, will continue to encourage a social and economic growth
discourse that promotes unsustainable consumption, social dysfunction, and environmental
problems such as air pollution. This thesis therefore argues that the ARGS should employ a model
of SEA based on SS, namely the model developed in this thesis, SSD. Had a model such as SSD
been applied to Auckland���s development over the last decade, significant positive environmental
outcomes may have been achieved. Recent developments, such as the signing of the Kyoto
Protocol, represent a qualitative change in the way environmental issues are now taken seriously
by governments and publics alike. Environmentalism has thus reached a tipping point where
governments clearly have a mandate to give substantive attention to environmental issues. This
thesis provides a clear model that can be applied by governments to achieve sustainable
environmental outcomes.
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Johnson, Mark Chapin. "An Assessment of United States Ethanol Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/24.
Full textAbstract:
From 1978 on there have been a series of legislative acts that have placed substantial protectionist burdens on the American taxpayer to provide incentives, credits and mandates for the production and use of ethanol under the rationale of reducing U.S. dependence on foreign sources of oil while purporting to economically benefit the American economy and strengthening American security. While there has been much discussion about the economic benefits of ethanol policy, there is growing literature suggesting that in addition to being neither economically nor environmentally beneficial, ethanol policy may not be achieving its intended goals. Connection between political contributions, policy formation, and the actual outcomes of the enacted policies does not appear to have been addressed. Throughout the course of ethanol policy development the narrow interests of some stakeholders may have been met at the expense of others. Given the very large economic and social costs of ongoing ethanol subsidies and mandates an exploration of such a nexus would be illuminating and valuable.
Hence the question of this research will be:
Has the ethanol energy policy of the United States, as outlined in legislative actions, requiring subsidies and mandates from taxpayers, been reflective of a deliberative democratic process that after taking into account the input and influence of various competing viewpoints has resulted in a beneficial national policy? Consequently have the policy outcomes of the legislative stakeholders matched the stated intentions of those involved in the deliberative debate that enacted it or, where have those objectives not been met?
Research that can increase understanding of how such an important policy may have failed can inform policy deliberation in such diverse areas as agriculture, national security and energy policy while illuminating how and why such public policy was made. Examination of a policy created and continuing which may have failed the most basic cost benefit analysis and does very little to enhance national energy security could demonstrate how a distortion of the legislative process resulted in outcomes that differ markedly from the stated intentions of those who enacted the policy.
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van, der Ploeg Frederick, and Armon Rezai. "Simple rules for climate policy and integrated assessment." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6890/1/WP_19.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A simple integrated assessment framework that gives rules for the optimal carbon price, transition to the carbon-free era and stranded carbon assets is presented, which highlights the ethical, economic, geophysical and political drivers of optimal climate policy. For the ethics we discuss the role of intergenerational inequality aversion and the discount rate, where we show the importance of lower discount rates for appraisal of longer run benefit and of policy makers using lower discount rates than private agents. The economics depends on the costs and rates of technical progress in production of fossil fuel, its substitute renewable energies and sequestration. The geophysics depends on the permanent and transient components of atmospheric carbon and the relatively fast temperature response, and we allow for positive feedbacks. The politics stems from international free-rider problems in absence of a global climate deal. We show how results change if different assumptions are made about each of the drivers of climate policy. Our main objective is to offer an easy back-on-the-envelope analysis, which can be used for teaching and communication with policy makers.Series: Ecological Economic Papers
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van, der Ploeg Frederick, and Armon Rezai. "Simple Rules for Climate Policy and Integrated Assessment." Springer Nature, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-018-0280-6.
Full textAbstract:
A simple integrated assessment framework that gives rules for the optimal carbon price, transition to the carbon-free era and stranded carbon assets is presented, which highlights the ethical, economic, geophysical and political drivers of optimal climate policy. For the ethics we discuss the role of intergenerational inequality aversion and the discount rate, where we show the importance of lower discount rates for appraisal of longer run benefit and of policy makers using lower discount rates than private agents. The economics depends on the costs and rates of technical progress in production of fossil fuel, its substitute renewable energies and sequestration. The geophysics depends on the permanent and transient components of atmospheric carbon and the relatively fast temperature response, and we allow for positive feedbacks. The politics stems from international free-rider problems in absence of a global climate deal. We show how results change if different assumptions are made about each of the drivers of climate policy. Our main objective is to offer an easy back-on-the-envelope analysis, which can be used for teaching and communication with policy makers.
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Nicolas, Claire. "Robust energy and climate modeling for policy assessment." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100054/document.
Full textAbstract:
La plupart des exercices d’analyse de politiques climatiques ou énergétiques font appelà des modèles dits "d’évaluation intégrée" (MEIs). Ces modèles économie-énergie-climat sont des modèles numériques pluridisciplinaires destinés à étudier lesquestions liées au changement climatique et à sa gestion. Socles d’une accumulationde connaissance, ils ont une visée prospective et aident à traduire les débatsqualitatifs des instances de décisions nationales et internationales en un ensemble dedonnées quantitatives, scientifiquement vérifiables. Leur faible capacité à prendre encompte les incertitudes inhérentes à tout exercice de prospective mais aussi leur tropgrande complexité expliquent pourquoi ces MEIs sont si souvent décriés et leurutilisation remise en question.Ce constat a guidé nos travaux dont l’objectif était de contribuer à améliorer larobustesse des MEIs, afin de renforcer la pertinence de leur utilisation pour l’analysede l’impact de politiques économiques sur le climat-énergie. Nous avons d’abordexaminé comment ces modèles participent aux débats sur le changement climatique etcomment améliorer leur utilisation. Nous avons retracé la genèse de ces modèles etleur évolution et analysé les principales critiques qui leur sont adressées. Dans unsecond temps, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’un des principaux reproches faits auxMEIs : le traitement de l’incertitude. Sur la base de ces analyses, nous avons mis enoeuvre une approche récente de traitement des problèmes d’incertitude paramétrique:l’optimisation robuste, méthode encore très peu utilisée dans le cadre d’étudesprospectivesEnergy-economy and energy-economy-environment models are widely used to assessenergy and climate policies. Developed during the last forty years, these models allowthe study of the interactions between the energy-transport system, the economy andthe climate system. These interactions are very complex as they involve linkages,feedback loops and delays that are not perfectly known and that take place over a longtime horizon.This complexity along with the large uncertainties weighing on the model parametersand main assumptions explain why the use of models in the policy debate, (where themodels address issues on climate change scenarios and on energy planning), is largelycriticized.Based on this observation, our work aimed primarily at increasing the robustness ofthese models, to reinforce the relevance of their use to evaluate economic policyimpacts. At first, we examine how these models should be used to contributeeffectively to the climate and energy policy analysis debate. We review the evolution ofthe modeling practice and question it, discussing its relevance. We then focus on theuncertainty treatment and on the basis of this review, we implement an alternativeway of considering parameter uncertainty when "modeling the future" using robustoptimization
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Aper, Jeffery Paul. "The development of student assessment policy in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54757.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objectives of this study were to provide detailed understanding of:
(1) the processes by which Virginia's student assessment policy developed;
(2) the current expectations and intentions of policy makers in regard to assessment; and
(3) the anticipated direction of state policy in regard to uses of and further requests for information documenting institutional processes and quality.
Primary data for this study included over 100 document sources, supplemented by interviews with 61 individuals involved in the policy making process.
Virginia's assessment policy was shaped by a national trend toward state efforts to stimulate reform and "quality assurance" procedures in higher education, as well as the interests of the State Council of Higher Education staff in using assessment to advance an agenda for review and renewal of undergraduate curricula. Student assessment has been marked in Virginia by efforts to maintain an institution-centered approach to the process. As a result of the desire not to characterize assessment as an accountability mechanism, these activities have been guided by general and somewhat vague guidelines and expectations from SCHEV and other state officials.
Assurances that institutions have meaningful and appropriate programs in place were desired, but most officials had limited concepts of what would constitute such processes and further indicated little concern with obtaining or using specific data. Assessment and related activities were seen by state officials as positive and logical components of necessary self-evaluation undergone by any agency or organization. As SCHEV officials awaited the first full institutional reports in summer 1989, it was apparent that only a very negative report on the quality of institutional efforts might spur prescriptive action on the part of the General Assembly.Ph. D.
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Cooper, Consuela Michelle. "Effect of Summer Bridge Programming on Students' Performance on the Texas Success Initiative Assessment." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3666.
Full textAbstract:
Summer bridge programs (SBPs) have been used as a means of increasing students' college readiness and academic skills. University Southeast implemented a SBP in 2013 for students placing into developmental courses on the Texas Success Initiative Assessment (TSIA). However, researchers have found mixed results when evaluating the effectiveness of SBPs, and at University Southeast, it has not been investigated. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the difference in TSIA score gains between first-time-in-college students with developmental-level test scores who attended a three-week SBP and those who did not. Tinto's longitudinal model of student departure guided the study examining how university-provided support may increase a student's skills and abilities before the start of college. The research questions focused on the gain scores on TSIA math, reading, and writing pre- and posttests for first-time-in-college students completing the SBP and a control group not participating in the SBP and taking the TSIA a second time. A total of 769 archived test scores from 2014 and 2015 were analyzed using an independent-samples t test. Data analysis found significant gains only in the area of TSIA math, which suggests that college administrators reevaluate the use of SBPs. This study contributes to positive social change because it provides research-based data to administrators of the local SBP and demonstrates the need to explore options that will increase college readiness while ensuring that institutional funds are being used effectively.
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Evans, Carla M. "Can Schools Be Reformed by Reforming Assessment?| The Effects of an Innovative Assessment and Accountability System on Student Achievement Outcomes." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10746294.
Full textAbstract:
The Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 authorizes a pilot program that allows up to seven states to develop innovative assessment and accountability systems. Prior to the official pilot program launch, the U.S. Department of Education approved one pilot program—New Hampshire’s Performance Assessment of Competency Education (PACE). To implement the PACE pilot, the New Hampshire Department of Education received a 2-year waiver (2014-2016) from federal statutory requirements related to state annual achievement testing and was granted additional waivers for the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 school years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the average effect of the PACE pilot on 8th grade student achievement outcomes in mathematics and English language arts during the first two years of implementation. This study also examines the extent to which those average treatment effects vary according to student characteristics and among PACE schools. PACE students are compared to non-PACE students with similar probabilities of being selected into treatment using propensity score methods. Multi-level modeling is then used to estimate the average treatment effect for students receiving either one or two years of treatment. Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence that the PACE pilot is having a positive effect on 8th grade student achievement outcomes in mathematics for some students starting in the second year of implementation and no effect in English language arts. Findings also suggest that students with disabilities that attend PACE schools tend to exhibit positive differential effects in comparison to students with disabilities in the non-PACE comparison group in both subject areas, although these findings should be considered exploratory due to the small number of PACE IEP students in the sample. Findings also suggest that male students that attend PACE schools tend to exhibit negative differential effects in comparison to female students in the non-PACE comparison group in both subject areas. Results are descriptive not causal, however, findings could be used to provide assurance to key stakeholders that PACE students are provided an equitable opportunity to learn the content standards. Also, because the focus of PACE pilot is on performance assessments used throughout the year, this study provides initial evidence that the learning gains on performance assessments may carry over to the more traditional state standardized tests. Implications for research, policy, and practice are also discussed.
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com, jennypope@bigpond, and Jennifer Pope. "Facing the Gorgon: Sustainability Assessment and Policy Learning in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070330.154243.
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Sustainability assessment is emerging as a form of impact assessment with the concept of sustainability at its heart. This thesis contributes to the process of theory-building for sustainability assessment through an exploration of the development of this policy tool within the Western Australian context. Through an analysis of the sustainability assessments of the Gorgon gas development on Barrow Island and the South West Yarragadee water supply development, and a process of personal reflection, I explore the potential of sustainability assessment to contribute to a more sustainable society by facilitating learning.
While the focus of traditional forms of impact assessment has typically been exterior forms of knowledge and learning relating to the potential impacts of a proposal, or to process methodologies and governance arrangements, in this thesis I argue that sustainability assessment processes should also facilitate interior forms of learning that excavate and challenge underpinning assumptions about the organisation of society, including shared discourses and storylines, as well as personal views and beliefs.
To achieve this aim, I maintain that sustainability assessment should be a proactive process that is integrated with the proposal development, framed by an open question and guided by a sustainability decision-making protocol that operationalises sustainability for the decision at hand. It should be guided by a structured process framework that assures attention is given to issues that might otherwise be neglected. Each step of the process framework should represent a space for inclusive deliberation, with the concept of sustainability itself acting as a catalyst for learning and reflexivity.
Located within the institutions of modern industrial society, deliberative sustainability assessment processes can contribute to the emergence of an 'integral sustainability' that embraces and reconnects the interior and exterior, collective and individual dimensions of policy-making and of society in general. The influence of sustainability assessment can thus extend beyond the immediate decision at hand to contribute to a momentum for societal change towards a more sustainable future.
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Byrom, Christopher L. "Dismantling the Afghan Opiate economy : a Cultural and Historical Policy Assessment, with Policy Recommendations /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FByrom.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs (Defense Decision-Making and Planning))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Jeanne Giraldo, Thomas H. Johnson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-178). Also available online.
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Hui, Wai Tin. "Teachers as policy actors in Hong Kong : the case of school-based assessment policy." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682186.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation describes a study of the policy process in Hong Kong focussed on the New Senior Secondary School (NSS) reforms set within the framework of wider systemic changes to the sector. Amongst this suite of reforms, the School-Based Assessment (SBA) initiative has been one of the most controversial. Specifically, there have been two significant changes in the SBA policy in English Language public examination: (i) moving from compulsory SBA to allowing schools to opt out within the assessment cycle in 2006; and (ii) the withdrawal of the proposal for SBA to replace the public oral examination in 2008. This dissertation focuses on the decision making processes at work advancing these two policy changes as it moves through the policy process and asks: what is the role of teachers in this process, and how do they engage as policy actors in different moments of the policy process? Conceptually, the study draws on the policy work of Hodgson & Spours' (2006) concerning multiple policy trajectories and Vidovich 's (2002) levels of policy text production. Methodologically, the study adopts mixed methods to investigate my broad research question. A questionnaire survey was conducted to study the perception and reaction of English teachers during the above changes. Documentary analysis was undertaken to understand the anticipated and actual participation of teachers in the holistic and NSS reform initiatives. Interviews were conducted with key informants to understand the policy-making processes inside the related committees. The insights gathered from these three methods were then synthesised to draw a set of conclusions about the policy process in Hong Kong, and the role of teachers in this process. The findings suggest that teachers are largely passive in the policy process even when they encounter an unpopular policy. However it is also evident from my findings that teachers' participation is also circumscribed through a series of strategies deployed by other policy actors - notably the education officials - during various phases of the reform. The effect is to minimize what is viewed as interference from teachers in order to achieve the anticipated reform targets and schedule. In short, the government dominated the reform process in turn contributing to difficulties amongst teachers as frontline implementers. This study concludes with a series of recommendations that include teachers' strategic involvement in the policy process so as to strengthen their professional autonomy and maximise the reform effectiveness
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Easton, Lois Brown. "The Arizona Student Assessment Program (ASAP) as educational policy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185711.
Full textAbstract:
The Arizona Student Assessment Program (ASAP) is a major piece of legislation for Arizona, reducing norm-referenced standardized testing, providing performance-based assessments matching curriculum, requiring district articulation with state curriculum frameworks and assessments, collecting contextual information from districts, and producing complete profiles of schools, districts and the state. In its first year of implementation, the ASAP is appropriately examined through policy analysis rather than through an evaluation study. Six criteria for educational policy analysis developed by Mitchell (1986) were validated and used as interview questions with seven interviewees knowledgeable about the ASAP. Results of the interviews suggest the degree to which the ASAP is good educational policy and likely to make a difference in Arizona. Interviewees indicated that the ASAP is democratic, providing for both the needs of legitimate stakeholders and the general public interest. It recognizes and supports the organizational integrity of schools only if schools have begun to make some reform efforts of their own in the direction of the ASAP. The ASAP provides adequate means-end linkage for the first two years of implementation, including through school, district, and state profiles, but may need to provide additional help to districts during the first two years; furthermore, relief incentives may be needed, rather than sanctions or disincentives, to encourage continued implementation. The ASAP may not be integrated into overall state educational policy, primarily because there has been no unifying state policy until the ASAP. The ASAP may emerge as a force to reorient current and unify future policy. The ASAP will be expensive, but the interviewees felt the short and long-term benefits justify cost. The ASAP was the most politically feasible policy available to bring about the changes needed, but perhaps not the most palatable, especially to districts that have made no reform efforts of their own. Policy analysis using different criteria and evaluation studies are recommended.