Academic literature on the topic 'Police militarization'

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Journal articles on the topic "Police militarization"

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Roziere, Brendan, and Kevin Walby. "Police Militarization in Canada: Media Rhetoric and Operational Realities." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 13, no. 4 (October 27, 2017): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax075.

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Abstract This paper examines police militarization in Canada between 2007 and 2017. We contrast media and police accounts of militarization with special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team deployment records disclosed under freedom of information (FOI) law. Discourse analysis reveals a series of armoured vehicle purchases has been justified by police claims about the danger faced by police officers, and the need to keep police officers and the public safe. Media and police accounts thus suggest militarization is limited. However, our FOI research shows planned and unplanned deployment of SWAT teams have risen in major Canadian cities and are higher in some cases than those reported by Kraska on public police militarization in the USA. After revealing this juxtaposition between media rhetoric and the organization and operational reality of police militarization, we reflect on the implications of police militarization in Canada and the challenges that police may face in communications about armoured vehicle purchases as public awareness of SWAT team use rises and police legitimacy is questioned.
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Moule, Richard K., Bryanna Hahn Fox, and Megan M. Parry. "The Long Shadow of Ferguson: Legitimacy, Legal Cynicism, and Public Perceptions of Police Militarization." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 2 (April 20, 2018): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718770689.

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This study examines public perceptions of police militarization, specifically whether individuals believe police are too militarized, and support for practices associated with militarization. Drawing on concepts found in the legal socialization literature—legitimacy and legal cynicism—this study tests hypotheses regarding whether these constructs influence perceptions of militarization. Using a national sample of 702 American adults, a series of ordinary least squares regression models are used to analyze the relationships between legitimacy, cynicism, and perceptions of police militarization. Results suggested that higher levels of legitimacy reduced beliefs that police are too militarized while also increasing support for practices associated with militarization. Cynicism increased beliefs that the police are too militarized, but had no effect on support for militarization. Perceptions of militarization are thus influenced by legal socialization.
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Bieler, Sam. "Police militarization in the USA: the state of the field." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 586–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2016-0042.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the state of research of police militarization in the USA to explore the claim that the police are becoming more like the military, or “militarized” in order to identify gaps in the research on this topic that require further investigation. Design/methodology/approach To explore the state of police militarization, this paper draws on a scan of scholarly papers published on militarization in the American context as well as a select array of gray literature on the topic. Findings While the nature of militarization has received substantial scholarly attention, debate on the phenomenon remains and there is little consensus on the definition of what makes a department militarized. The impact of militarization is similarly unclear: some scholars suggest that it has a negative impact on policing because it creates community hostility and encourages police to see force as a central problem-solving tool. However, other scholars suggest militarization is a positive development, as it could promote professionalism and accountability. To date, there has been little empirical work on the impact of militarization on policing that could inform this debate. Originality/value This paper suggests that empirical assessments of how militarization affects use of force and legitimacy will be valuable for informing the militarization debate. As scholars on both sides of the debate have suggested that militarization affect policing outcomes in these areas, empirical tests here offer a way to explore both sides’ claims. Such tests could offer new evidence on how militarization is affecting the character and operations of American police.
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Steidley, Trent, and David M. Ramey. "Police militarization in theUnited States." Sociology Compass 13, no. 4 (February 27, 2019): e12674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12674.

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Lawson, Edward. "TRENDS: Police Militarization and the Use of Lethal Force." Political Research Quarterly 72, no. 1 (July 2, 2018): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912918784209.

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In recent years, the killing of suspects by police and the “militarization” of police have drawn considerable public attention, but there is little analysis of a relationship between the two. In this article, I investigate the possibility that such militarization may lead to an increase in suspect deaths using data on police receipt of surplus military equipment to measure militarization and a newly created database on suspect deaths in all fifty states quarterly from the fourth quarter of 2014 through the fourth quarter of 2016. The data consist of more than eleven thousand agency-quarter observations. I find a positive and significant association between militarization and the number of suspects killed, controlling for several other possible explanations.
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Koslicki, Wendy M., and Dale Willits. "The iron fist in the velvet glove? Testing the militarization/community policing paradox." International Journal of Police Science & Management 20, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355718774581.

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A number of police militarization scholars have explored the paradox of the simultaneous emergence of community policing and militarism in the United States. Several researchers have suggested that police militarization and community policing may be cohesive strategies of state control, with community policing being the “velvet glove” that wraps the “iron fist” of militarization in palatable rhetoric. Alternatively, it has been suggested that these two policing strategies are incoherent, having emerged as a result of the state’s disorganized attempts to maintain control in the face of significant societal changes. To date, little research has examined the link between community policing and police militarization specifically. This study uses community policing data from the 2013 LEMAS survey to examine variation in military equipment acquisition data from the Department of Defense’s 1033 Program between the years 2012 and 2014. Results show that departments engaging in certain community policing activities are significantly less likely to acquire general military equipment, firearms, and military vehicles. These findings suggest that these policing strategies are not necessarily coherent and potentially support the argument that community policing efforts can buffer militarization. However, these results also highlight the need for more empirical research on existing theories of militarization, as well as the causes and effects of police militarism and community policing activities.
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Glasnovich, Ryan S. "A Case Study in Police Militarization." Journal of Applied History 2, no. 1-2 (June 16, 2020): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10006.

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Abstract The militarization of civilian police forces has become a topic of increasing interest among policymakers and social scientists in contemporary societies. In light of this, researchers have debated how and why police forces become militarized. The historical case of Japan in the Meiji Period (1868–1912) provides one such answer. As the Meiji government Westernized Japan in the late-nineteenth century, it also developed a modern police system. Although initially civil in orientation, a combination of internal and external factors—factors shaped by a national crisis—led to a twentieth-century police institution steeped in militarism. Understanding the process whereby the Japanese police militarized can provide lessons for those interested in similar developments taking place in police organizations around the world in the present day.
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Coyne, Christopher J., and Abigail R. Hall-Blanco. "Foreign Intervention, Police Militarization, and Minorities." Peace Review 28, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2016.1166739.

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Kraska, P. B. "Militarization and Policing--Its Relevance to 21st Century Police." Policing 1, no. 4 (November 7, 2007): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pam065.

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Jones, Daniel J. "The Potential Impacts of Pandemic Policing on Police Legitimacy: Planning Past the COVID-19 Crisis." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, no. 3 (June 5, 2020): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paaa026.

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Abstract One of the biggest challenges facing modern policing in recent years has been the lack of police legitimacy. The tipping point of this phenomenon is often attributed to the Rodney King incident in Los Angeles in 1991, where Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers were videoed assaulting a lone black male. They were arrested and charged but eventually all were acquitted, thereby etching deep distrust between communities and police. Now the Rodney King example is an extreme and criminal act by police but it was the beginning of communities and media focusing on what the police were doing and how they were doing it. This lack of legitimacy coupled with what is referred to as the militarization of policing have lasting consequences and impacts on police–community relations and how interactions between police and community shape society today. In the wake of pandemic policing due to COVID-19, there are tales of two eventualities for police legitimacy that will be explored in this article: (1) The police response to the pandemic results in further militarization and draws deeper divides between police and communities or (2) the police response is compassionate and build on procedurally just operations resulting in the rebuilding of police legitimacy post-pandemic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Police militarization"

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Wyrick, Phillip T. "Police Militarization: Attitudes Towards the Militarization of the American Police." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1161.

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Police militarization is a critical contemporary issue in the criminal justice field; however, only a minor amount of research exists on this issue. Almost no research exists on public attitudes toward police militarization, which is very important given the social context. A contextual literature review covers a brief history of American police with emphasis on key events leading to modern police militarization, such as the Munich Incident and Columbine. Also covered are research topics that help outline the need for research on public attitudes in this field, such as the amount and use of PPUs by Peter Kraska and the idea of role convergence. Google Docs was used to generate and disseminate an electronic survey to a random sample of ETSU students. Statistical findings show that, while militarization does play a significant role in public confidence in the police, positive public attitudes and fear of the police play a much more significant role.
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Carmichael, Aaron M. "The War Amongst our Homes: Society's Attitude towards the Increased Militarization of American Policing." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1464183102.

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Martin, Derrick W. A. "From the Desire to Mark Essex: The Catalysts of Militarization for the New Orleans Police Department." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2174.

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Abstract The ultimate goal in the South was to end segregation, but nationwide equal-rights were the common goal of all African-Americans. Nonviolent protests and over aggressive police departments became the norm within the African-American community. Understated in the history of the Civil Rights Era is the role of armed resistance and Black Nationalism. Marcus Garvey, Stokely Carmichael, Huey P. Newton, and Malcolm X were Black Nationalists that led the charge of Black Nationalism worldwide. The Deacons of Defense, the Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO) and the Black Panther Party for Self Defense transformed the social makeup of the country and became major causes of the militarization of police departments across the United States. Many police departments across America began to create SWAT teams and use military-style weaponry following an outbreak of riots and the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. In New Orleans, Louisiana, stand-offs and shoot-outs with Black Panther members warranted a call for military backup, but it was the acts of Mark James Robert Essex that totally militarized the New Orleans Police Department.
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Ilchi, Omeed S. "Public Servants or Soldiers? A Test of the Police-Military Equivalency Hypothesis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535634126574304.

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Pier, Angelli De Luca Maciel. "The Pacification of Favelas of Rio de Janeiro: A Neoliberal Twist to an Old-Fashioned Intervention." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32390.

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In 2008, a policy to address the territorialisation of the drug trade in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas was developed: the pacification of favelas. It involves two key elements, policing and local development, which are said to work in tandem to conquer the territory from drug dealers and integrate these areas to the city. Drawing from the literature on the governance of marginalized areas and neoliberal practices of security, this study explores how the pacification of favelas unfolds within a neoliberal context. The findings of this study are based on a thematic analysis of twenty-five in-depth interviews with key actors involved in the development and implementation of three core projects of the policy (the Pacifying Police Unit and two projects that coordinates social efforts, UPP Social and Peace Territories). Using the theoretical lenses of pacification proposed by Neocleous (2011) and Rigakos (2011), this research argues that the pacification of favelas can be considered a "project of pacification" (Rigakos, 2011). The analysis demonstrates that the dual strategy of the policy reinforces neoliberal practices to govern through fear, resulting in the militarization of favelas. Moreover, this study also finds that this policy serves capitalist interests when implemented within a neoliberal framework, even though its core elements resemble interventionist initiatives of colonial enterprises. My findings also reveal that some participants resist the implementation of initiatives based on a neoliberal framework. However, although their actions seek to emancipate and build an ethical community in favelas, based on long-term and fraternal bonds, the mainstream approach is still prevalent. As a result, favelas are progressively turned into aesthetic communities in which the interests of the market are the driving force.
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Valente, Júlia Leite. "Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora: pacificação, território e militarização." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9533.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Pretende-se uma análise crítica do projeto das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs), procurando entender como ele aparece como uma resposta possível para os problemas urbanos e de segurança na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Em primeiro lugar, volta-se à importação do ideal civilizatório pelo Brasil no início do século XIX e o surgimento da polícia e de uma questão urbana na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O resgate histórico permite entender o surgimento das favelas e de uma cidade partida. Em seguida, trata-se do aspecto da pacificação das UPPs, retomando o sentido que essa ideia teve ao longo da história do Brasil, em especial como subjugação dos povos indígenas e como repressão às insurreições da primeira metade do século XIX. Em um segundo momento, volta-se à configuração da governamentalidade policial no Rio de Janeiro e no Brasil, do surgimento das polícias à racionalidade governamental do neoliberalismo. Demonstra-se como a polícia surge como um agente civilizador e como uma racionalidade autoritária da militarização e da criminologia do outro marca as polícias brasileiras, o que explica sua histórica atuação violenta voltada às classes subalternas. Em seguida, partindo da concepção de território pressuposta pelas UPPs, elabora-se sua crítica, observando que constituem uma política de ocupação militarizada do território que reforça uma geografia das desigualdades e promove uma nova forma de territorialização. Por fim, trata-se dos mecanismos que a governamentalidade neoliberal assume na gestão da questão urbana no Rio de Janeiro, a partir das ideias de urbanismo militar e empresarialismo urbano.O urbanismo militar é entendido como a extensão de ideias militares para os espaços e circulações cotidianos, o que leva a uma tendência internacional de militarização da segurança pública e proliferação de territórios de exceção. Nesse contexto, a política das UPPs guarda proximidades com as ocupações das favelas em Porto Príncipe pela MINUSTAH, os territórios palestinos ocupados por Israel, acontrainsurgência estadunidense no Iraque e Afeganistão e os Proyectos Urbanos Integrales em Medellín, nos quais se inspirou. Mas condizem também com o ideal do empresarialismo urbano, modelo baseado na competitividade das cidades orientada para o mercado. Trata-se, portanto, de um projeto de controle militarizado das favelas, necessário para os megaeventos e para a construção de uma imagem de cidade maravilhosa.
This work intends to a critical analysis of the Pacification Police Units (PPU), searching to understand how it constitutes apossible answer to the urban and safety problems in Rio de Janeiro. First of all, we turn to the importation of the civilization ideal in the early 19th centurys Brazil and the advent of the police and the urban issues in Rio de Janeiro. The historical review allows understanding the appearance of the favelas and of a divided city. Then, we turn to the PPUs pacification aspect, resuming this ideas meaning throughout Brazilian history, particularly as the subjugation of indigenous people and as repression to the insurrections of the first half of the 19th century. In a second place, we turn to the configuration of a police governmentality in Rio de Janeiro and in Brazil, from polices appearance to the neoliberal governmental rationality. We demonstrate how the police appear as a civilizing agent and how an authoritarian rationality of militarization and criminology of the other marks the Brazilian polices, what explains its historical violent acting against the underprivileged classes. Then, from the territory conception assumed by the PPU, we elaborate its critic, observing that they constitute a politics of militarized occupation of the territory which reinforces a geography of inequality and promotes a new form of territorialization. Finally, we talk about the mechanisms that the neoliberal governmentality assumes in the management of the urban issues in Rio de Janeiro from the ideas of a military urbanism and urban entrepreneurialism. The military urbanism is understood as the extension of military ideas to the daily spaces and circulations, which leads to an international tendency of militarization of the public safety and proliferation of exception territories. In this context, the PPU politics resembles the MINUSTAHs slums occupations in Porto Príncipe, the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel, the American counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan and the ProyectosUrbanosIntegralesinMedellin, which inspired it. But they are also befitting with the urban entrepreneurialism ideal, based on the competition between cities marked orientated. It is, therefore, a militarized control project of the favelas, needed for the mega events and the construction of a Marvelous City image.
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Persson, Magnus. "Building trust : The contradiction between security and democracy in post Apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, SA, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17110.

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Abstract Title: Building Trust: The contradiction between security and democracy in post apartheid South Africa Author: Magnus Persson Supervisor: Svante Lundberg This paper aims to investigate the contradiction between security and democracy in post-apartheid South African policing, and was executed on the field together with the South African Police Service (SAPS). The theoretical point of departure is that trust between people, in relation to the institutions of society, is fundamental to democratic development. This in combination with previous research on police reform, police academy socialization, community policing and militarization has lead to the conclusion that a remilitarization process is under way and that a militaristic approach to policing is likely to be counterproductive in terms of achieving democratic development. The study has been executed on a South African police academy as well as at two different police stations with the combined methods of participatory observation and interviews.
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Cymrot, Danilo. "Polícia Militante: deputados policiais militares na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo (1999-2011)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-11102015-141358/.

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Utilizada para reprimir movimentos sociais e manter a ordem, a polícia é tradicionalmente identificada com os interesses da direita. No Brasil, a criação da Polícia Militar no contexto político da ditadura civil-militar instaurada no país em 1964 facilita essa associação. No entanto, se por um lado policiais militares tendem a se aliar politicamente a setores da população que se opõem a instrumentos de responsabilização da polícia, encarados como fatores que dificultam o trabalho policial, por outro, são servidores públicos que reivindicam melhores condições de trabalho, o que abre a possibilidade para que se aproximem da esquerda ou pelo menos se distanciem da direita neoliberal. Alguns dos candidatos a deputado estadual mais votados em São Paulo são oriundos da Polícia Militar. O presente trabalho almeja investigar se os deputados da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo oriundos da Polícia Militar, das 14ª, 15ª e 16ª legislaturas (1999-2011), são responsivos ao eleitorado de direita; se adotam pontos de vista homogêneos sobre diversos temas (militarização da polícia, corrupção policial, missão da Polícia Militar, policiamento comunitário, ditadura, política criminal, movimentos sociais etc.); e como exercem a defesa dos interesses da Polícia Militar, uma corporação marcada por inúmeros conflitos internos, principalmente entre praças e oficiais. Para tanto, pesquisou-se em que zonas eleitorais esses deputados são proporcionalmente mais votados; problematizou-se a associação entre sensação de insegurança, defesa de bandeiras repressivas, percepção da corrupção e o voto em candidatos e partidos de direita; identificaram-se seus projetos de lei; compararam-se suas votações em plenário na 16ª legislatura (2007-2011); analisaram-se seus discursos na tribuna da ALESP, que foram contrastados com pesquisas de opinião pública, pesquisas de opinião de policiais militares e literatura sobre subculturas policiais. Da mesma forma, o trabalho discute as possíveis razões que levam policiais militares a se candidatarem a uma vaga no Poder Legislativo estadual.
The police are used to repress social movements and to keep the order, and are traditionally identified with the right wing interests. In Brazil, the Military Police was created within the political context of the civil/military dictatorship established in 1964 and eases such association; however, if on one hand military policemen tend to politically ally themselves with the population sectors contrary to instruments that hold the police liable, faced as factors making police work more difficult, on the other hand, military policemen are public servants claiming for better work conditions, and there is the possibility of they getting nearer to the left wing, or at least distancing themselves from the neoliberal right wing. Some candidates for deputies of the House of São Paulo State Legislative derive from the Military Police. The aim of this work is to investigate whether the deputies of the House of Representatives of the State of São Paulo from the Military Police, in the 14th, 15th and 16th legislatures (1999-2011), are responsive to the right wing electors, if they adopt similar viewpoints on several themes (police militarization, police corruption, Military Polices mission, community policing, dictatorship, criminal policy, social movements, etc.), and how they defend the Military Polices interests, a corporation marked by uncountable internal conflicts, mainly among police force and officers. For such purpose, the following issues were addressed: research about in which electoral zones those deputies are proportionally more voted; where one can see the connection among feeling of insecurity, defense of repressive flags, perception of corruption and voting in right wing candidates and parties; identification of their bills of law; their votes in plenary sessions in the 16th legislature (2007-2011) are compared; their speeches at ALESPs tribune are analyzed and contrasted with public opinion polls, opinion polls with military policemen and the literature on police subcultures. Likewise, the work discusses the possible reasons for military policemen running for an office in the State Legislative.
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Seker, Ali Osman. "Militarization of Energy Security Turkey as a case study /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FSeker.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Russell, James; Second Reader: Kadhim, Abbas. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Energy Security, Turkey's Energy Policy, Energy Conflicts, Iran-Iraq War, International Energy Agency. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-54). Also available in print.
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Clemens, George S. "The Truman-Macarthur conflict : a case study of the Korean War and the militarization of American foreign policy, 1950-1951." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045638.

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On April 11, 1951, President Harry S. Truman dismissed General Douglas MacArthur as Commander of United Nations forces in Korea. Since the dismissal, contemporaries of the Truman-MacArthur era and historians have tried to make sense of Truman's momentous decision to relieve one of America's greatest military heroes. While a great number of studies have devoted attention to the controversy, few if any have placed the Truman-MacArthur conflict within the context of the unprecedented militarization of American foreign policy that took place during the early cold war. This study departs from the traditional "blame-casting" that has dominated Truman-MacArthur scholarship in the past and concludes that General MacArthur was a casualty who was dismissed because he failed to grasp the global nature of the post-World War II American foreign policy agenda.Chapter One analyzes the literature dealing with the Truman-Macarthur controversy and illustrates why historical scholarship has failed to grasp the larger forces at work in American foreign policy while MacArthur was UN Commander in Korea. Chapter Two traces the tumultuous events of the controversy from the outbreak of war in Korea to MacArthur's April 11 dismissal. Finally, Chapter Three analyzes the Senate hearings that followed MacArthur's dismissal, illustrates the importance of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's testimony, and explores the broader, global issues the Truman Administration faced in transforming its foreign policy while General MacArthur failed to grasp the nature of this transformation.
Department of History
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Books on the topic "Police militarization"

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Turner II, Frederick W., and Bryanna Fox. Police Militarization. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01282-3.

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SWAT madness and the militarization of the American police: A national dilemma. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2010.

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The militarization of space: U.S. policy, 1945-1984. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1985.

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The militarization of Mother India. Delhi: Chanakya Publications, 1990.

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Japanese (re)militarization and Asia. New Delhi: Pentagon Press, 2011.

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Sean, Cruz, ed. The militarization of Indian country. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2012.

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Epp-Tiessen, Esther. Missiles and malnutrition: The links between militarization and underdevelopment. Waterloo, Ont: Project Ploughshares, 1990.

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Kalic, Sean N. US presidents and the militarization of space, 1946-1967. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2012.

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Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security. Conference on Militarization in the Third World, January 1987: Papers. Ottawa: Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security, 1987.

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Buchanan, Paul G. Relative militarization and its impact on public policy budgetary shifts in Agentina, 1963-1982. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Police militarization"

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Turner, Frederick W., and Bryanna Fox. "An Introduction to Police Militarization." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01282-3_1.

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Turner, Frederick W., and Bryanna Fox. "Public Perceptions and Support for Police Militarization." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 31–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01282-3_3.

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Torres, Gabriel, and David A. Love. "The Militarization of the Police in the United States." In States of Confinement, 222–29. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10929-3_18.

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Turner, Frederick W., and Bryanna Fox. "Conclusions on Support for Police Militarization by Police Officers, Police Executives, and Members of the U. S. Congress." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 67–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01282-3_7.

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Müller, Markus-Michael. "Policing as Pacification: Postcolonial Legacies, Transnational Connections, and the Militarization of Urban Security in Democratic Brazil." In Police Abuse in Contemporary Democracies, 221–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72883-4_9.

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Turner, Frederick W., and Bryanna Fox. "Data Collection on Support for Police Militarization Among a Sample of Police Officers, Police Executives, and Members of the U.S. Congress." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 37–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01282-3_4.

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Turner, Frederick W., and Bryanna Fox. "Testing the Level of Support for Police Militarization in a Sample of Police Officers, Police Executives, and Members of the U.S. Congress." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 47–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01282-3_5.

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Hess, Christian A. "Securing the City, Securing the Nation: Militarization and Urban Police Work in Dalian, 1945–1953." In The Habitable City in China, 71–90. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55471-0_4.

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Turner, Frederick W., and Bryanna Fox. "Testing the Moderating Effects of Demographic Traits on Support for Police Militarization in a Sample of Police Officers, Police Executives, and Members of the U. S. Congress." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 57–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01282-3_6.

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Kikkert, Peter, and P. Whitney Lackenbauer. "The Militarization of the Arctic to 1990." In The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics, 487–505. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20557-7_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Police militarization"

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Abdel Shafi, Essam. "Political Change in Egypt and the Policies of Consolidating ‌Hegemony." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp34-48.

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Abstract:
The January 25, 2011 revolution that Egypt witnessed was the product of a political and social movement in an ancient civil society, which maintained this characteristic in a stable manner, despite successive bulldozing operations for centuries and extended decades. However, the revolution witnessed fundamental transformations, which led to a military coup in 2013. Repressive policies and practices to consolidate tyranny and authoritarianism, not only in the face of citizens, but also to establish dominance over the state's wealth and capabilities. In dealing with the January revolution, the Egyptian military adopted many policies and practices, whether in the first transitional phase supervised by the Military Council (from February 2011 to June 2012), or during the first year of President Mohamed Morsi's rule, in which he directed matters from The successor, the Military Council, or direct control after the coup of July 3, 2013, until January 2021, and the tasks, roles and functions carried out by the military institution during the ten years (under study) were divided between the policies of consolidating authoritarianism and tyranny, the legal codification of these policies, the systematic violation of rights and freedoms, and the policies of Hegemony and the total militarization of the economy to the extent of what can be called “state ownership,” and the reinforcement of the saying that Egypt is an “army with a state and not a state with an army.” In the face of these considerations, the duality of authoritarianism and the movement emerges, and the transformations and developments between them in Egypt during the ten years that passed after the January 2011 revolution. On political life in Egypt after the January revolution?
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Reports on the topic "Police militarization"

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Penn, Dennis R. Africa Command and the Militarization of U.S. Foreign Policy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482103.

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Buchanan, Paul G., and Robert Looney. Relative Militarization and Its Impact on Public Policy Budgetary Shifts in Argentina, 1963-1982. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199953.

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