Dissertations / Theses: 'Police Police Police patrol'

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To, Yuet-ha Julia. "Changing "cop culture" : attitude to discretionary power by patrol officers /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20621966.

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Norris, Clive. "Policing trouble : an observation study of police patrol work in two police forces." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1987. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/742241/.

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Doyle, Maria. "FEELINGS OF SAFETY : Feelings of Safety In The Presence Of the Police, Security Guards and Police Volunteers." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35885.

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Uniformed presences are thought to create feelings of safety in people. However, do different uniformed people contribute to the same amount of safety and are there differences dependent on the situation? The present study examined the association between various types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaire among 352 respondents (18-86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained pictures of relatively safe and unsafe situations with or without uniformed presence. The respondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with and without two police officers, six police officers, a police car, two security guards, or two police volunteers. The results showed that uniformed presence does not increase feelings of safety in an already relatively safe situation, making patrol unnecessary. In relatively unsafe situations however, all types of uniformed presence increase feelings of safety. Foot patrolling police increased feelings of safety the most. Security guards and police volunteers created approximately the same amount of safety; making police volunteers a cost-effective alternative, although some situation, gender and age differences were found. All types of foot patrol were better than vehicle patrol (with some gender differences), making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol.

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To, Yuet-ha Julia, and 杜月霞. "Changing "cop culture": attitude to discretionary power by patrol officers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978708.

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Wong, Chak-hung. "An analysis of the enactment of the interception of communications and surveillance ordinance." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41006148.

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Dasher, Andrew David. "Technology Distractions on Patrol: Giving Police Officers a Voice." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1777.

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Distraction while using mobile technology devices such as a cell phone or tablet computer is a common occurrence within the civilian population of the United States. U.S. police officers are increasingly utilizing these types of devices within the patrol environment. However, little is known as to how distraction affects police officers while they interact with these devices in the course of their daily duties. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how officers process potential officer safety issues on patrol, while interacting with mobile technology, by questioning participants' perception of distraction. This was accomplished through a phenomenological paradigm that was framed within the concepts of unintended consequences (a subset of systems theory) and load-induced blindness (a subset of cognitive load theory). Data were collected through 10 semi-structured interviews, 2 extensive observations, and researcher-authored memos in conjunction with police officers of a medium-sized city in a western state. These data were analyzed in order to discover themes using a modified Van Kaam methodology. Results were expressed in 7 themes: conflicts with policy intent versus application, uncertainty in chain-of-command communication, reluctance to take tablets outside patrol vehicles, technology distraction's relationship to stress, presence of load-induced blindness, depressed ability to self-assess levels of distraction, and active engagement in risk-lowering strategies related to technology distraction. Implications for social change include informing police administrators and policy creators about research outcomes applicable to: modifications of policy, work-flow optimization, and technology use.

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Westmarland, Louise. "Gender and policing sex, power and police culture /." Cullompton : Willan, 2001. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10306157.

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Womack, Charissa L. Fritsch Eric J. "Criminal investigations the impact of patrol officers on solving crime /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3594.

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Al-Harbi, Majid Saad. "The role of police in Sadi Abrabia society: A study to investigation the attitudes of civillians toward the police patrol officers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489524.

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Given the imperative need for police reform and the intention of the Saudi government to proceed to the introduction of community policing, this thesis cautions as to its varied implementation experience and difficulties in other countries.

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Pavlik, Wayne Louis. "Foot and/or Bicycle Patrols in Major Texas Metropolitan Police Departments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5309/.

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During the last 25 years in law enforcement in the United States, there has been a universal practice of foot and/or bicycle patrols used to accomplish the goal of police patrol enforcement and the philosophy of community policing in metropolitan areas. These tactics of patrol have also been used in police departments in and around the State of Texas. This report is a research project on six major metropolitan police departments in the State of Texas, analyzing their allocation of foot and/or bicycle patrol units within their urban cities. The study assesses their early history in using these two police tactics to address criminal activity and their progression from foot patrol to bicycle patrol. The findings of this research support the proposition that major Texas police departments have adopted the practices and philosophies of other major urban police departments around the US, by using foot and/or bicycle patrols in their cities. There is evidence that major Texas police departments were using foot patrol during the early 1980s in support of community policing and gradually phased out this practice in the early 1990s to adopt the new enforcement tactic of policing on a bicycle.

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Tannam, Gerard Desmond. "The police and their dealings with mentally-abnormal persons." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13302632.

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May, Genevieve. "Asphalt Magnolias: Women in Southern State Police and Highway Patrol Agencies, 1972-2012." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2474.

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Women are under-represented in both numbers and at the command level of police agencies after over 40 years of women in policing. The national average for women in policing, as reported by the 2012 Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Report, was 11.9%. Women in state police and highway patrol agencies are well below the national average, particularly in the southern states where the percentage is below 6%. This study uses qualitative data to examine the role of gender and the gendered organizational structure and culture of police agencies through interview data from 24 women troopers and one academy cadet who are or were employed in seven southern state police and highway patrol agencies between 1972 and 2012. The data from their lived experiences indicate that women continue to encounter barriers and challenges to recruitment, employment, assignment, retention, and promotional opportunities. Understanding how women experience paramilitary policing institutions and the gendered nature of a male-dominated workforce can be used to argue for meaningful social and organizational changes in state police and highway patrol agencies and, by association, the profession of policing. Keywords: gendered roles, gendered institutions, gendered structure organizations, gendered culture, police, troopers, state police, highway patrol, women police, leadership, hegemonic masculinity, gender

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Turriff, Kenneth Ross. "Learning and the changing police role, from patrol officer to chief executive officer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0009/NQ27772.pdf.

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Jones, Brince Robert. "Redesigning Police Beat Zone Placement to Improve 911 Response Time: A Data Driven Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248520/.

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Research suggests that using data driven solutions in policing strategies improves the quality of service provided by the police department. Unfortunately, many police departments, including the Denton Police Department, do not use their spatial data to inform beat zone placement. Analysis of the current beat zone configuration found that there are disparities in the workload, as measured by number of calls for service, between beat zones. Further, there was also a statistically significant difference between the median response times across all the five beat zones in Denton. This means that the median response time varies depending on where the call for service originates. Using readily available data, these police departments can apply methods such as UPAS to improve the quality of service provided by the department. UPAS is a deterministic algorithm that produces a given number of contiguous spatial partitions of approximately equal population size; in this case, calls for service are substituted for population. Although this algorithm was originally developed to create solutions for bio-terrorism response planning, it has been applied to the problem of creating beat zones of roughly equal workload in this research. I have shown that this algorithm results in a beat zone configuration that significantly reduces the difference in workload between the busiest and least busy beat zone (~94% reduction). Assuming an equal distribution of resources across beat zones, having approximately similar workloads should lead to fewer disparities in quality of service.

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Seipel, Patrick J. "Handheld assistant for military and police patrols." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43999.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Military and police patrols are an important component of combat operations, counter insurgency, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance missions. These patrols need to access timely, relevant information about events and conditions along their patrol route, both historical and ongoing. In the current practice, this information is gathered manually prior to the commencement of the patrol through the use of historical databases, current event repositories, and by reviewing records that may be relevant to the area to be patrolled. Because it is manual, this process is fraught with numerous problems including high-cost, slow-speed, and low-reliability. We present an architecture and a prototype system to enhance the effectiveness and security of patrol units, expedite the planning of patrol missions, and reduce the cost of planning. Our system uses commercial off-the-shelf handheld devices and a web-enabled, device-independent software system that enables planning the patrol route and linking related information to that route. Once the patrol starts, the application tracks the unit’s current location and provides real-time information and alerts about areas of interest along the route. The command post can track the location of all units and deviations from their planned routes are flagged and the command post is alerted.

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Pettersson, Sandra, and Elin Zakó. "Trygghet i staden : Finns det samband mellan människors upplevda trygghet och polispatrullering?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27652.

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Kan polisnärvaro skapa trygghetskänslor hos människor? Studien har undersökt förhållandet mellan människors upplevda trygghet och tre olika typer av polispatrullering i en relativt trygg och relativt otrygg stadsmiljö. För att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes en enkätundersökning där respondenterna, 112 män och 131 kvinnor (M=30 år, SD=12.98), fick skatta sin upplevda trygghet utifrån bilder med de tre olika typerna av polispatrullering. Resultatet indikerade att alla typer av polisnärvaro ingett trygghet i den relativt otrygga stadsmiljön. Polispatrullering till fots frambringade mer trygghetskänslor än polisbilspatrullering. Resultaten var giltiga för både män och kvinnor. Slutsatsen är att polisnärvaro kan inge trygghet i relativt otrygga stadsmiljöer men i relativt trygga stadmiljöer är inte någon av de tre undersökta typerna av polispatrullering effektiva.
Can police presence make people feel safe? This study explored the relationship between people’s experience of feeling safe and three different kinds of police patrolling in a relatively safe and a relatively unsafe urban area. A survey was distributed, 112 men and 131 women (M=30 years, SD=12.98), to estimate the perception of feeling safe by looking at photos with three different kinds of police patrolling. The result indicated that all kinds of police patrolling had positive effect on the respondent’s feelings of safety in the relatively unsafe urban area. Police foot patrol tended to increase the respondents feelings of safety more than police patrolling by car. Similar results were found for both men and women. Police presence may increase people’s feelings of safety in relatively unsafe urban areas, but in relatively safe urban areas none of the three types of police patrol were effective.

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Tasdoven, Hidayet. "Personal perceptions and organizational factors influencing police discretion the case of Turkish patrol officers' responsiveness." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5052.

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Police officers make decisions at the street level in a variety of situations that have direct impact on quality of life, justice in society, and individual freedom. These decisions inherently involve the exercise of discretion, since successfully performed police tasks are linked to the officer's choosing among alternative courses of action. Appropriateness of unsupervised decisions taken under street contingencies remains questionable in terms of police-behavior legitimacy. Law enforcement agencies seek ways to control excessive discretion to avoid undesired consequences of police discretion and maintain organizational legitimacy. Traditionally, organizations developed reward and sanction structures that aimed to shape officer behavior on the street. Recent perspectives, on the other hand, emphasize that it is imperative to manage discretion by employing a value-based approach that requires the agency to encourage subordinates in the exercise of certain behaviors simply because they are believed to be right and proper. This approach depends primarily on beliefs, values, and attitudes of employees rather than external contingencies of environment. Drawing on expectancy and value-based approaches, this study examines the factors affecting patrol officers' discretionary decisions to enforce law in the Turkish National Police (TNP). The reward expectancy concept was derived from the expectancy theory of motivation, which uses extrinsic rewards in structuring discretion. Regarding the value-based approach, public service motivation (PSM) represents the intrinsic motives of officers in this study, while selective enforcement corresponds to the attitudes of officers. Discretionary behaviors of officers on the street were conceptualized as responsiveness, which refers to the degree to which officers are willing to respond to street contingencies.; The study revealed some policy, theoretical, and methodological implications. The findings suggested that the TNP should either completely eliminate the existing reward system or revise it to motivate officers to be responsive. A leadership practice that promotes PSM and discourages selective enforcement was also suggested. Contrary to research that emphasizes the role of extrinsic motivation on police discretion, this study empirically reported that intrinsic motivation has an even stronger effect on officer behavior and needs to be taken into account in future studies. The study contributes to an understanding of police discretionary behavior in the TNP, which has unique characteristics of structure, culture, and law. The limitations of the study in terms of its dependency on officer perceptions and concerns about construct validity were discussed and future research was suggested.; The study tested the mediating role of work effort between reward expectancy/responsiveness and public service motivation/responsiveness relationships. Samples of the study were drawn from uniformed patrol officers in seven provinces of Turkey. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Responses of 613 patrol officers were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study developed four latent constructs and validated their measurement models by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate causal and confirmatory relationships among latent variables. Findings of the study suggested that reward expectancy did not have a statistically significant relationship to responsiveness. The study did not find a significant association between reward expectancy and work effort of officers. This finding was found to be attributable to the fact that officers do not believe in the fair distribution procedures of rewards and they do not value organizational rewards. Public service motivation of respondents, on the other hand, indicated a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship with both work effort and responsiveness. These results indicated that intrinsic motives of officers in the TNP are more powerful in explaining officer responsiveness to street contingencies. As hypothesized, officer attitudes toward selective enforcement negatively influenced officer responsiveness, indicating that officers' beliefs and values influence their discretionary behaviors. Among the demographic characteristics of participants, only age of officer indicated a negative significant relationship to responsiveness. This finding suggested that motivation decreases as age increases. Contrary to other findings in the literature, this study found that intensity perceptions of respondents was positively associated with responsiveness.
ID: 030423132; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-201).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Public Affairs
Health and Public Affairs

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Znamenak, Kyle. "Warriors, Guardians or Both: A Grounded Theory Approach of Exploring the Development of Patrol Officers in Urban Community Relations." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1606826238819559.

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Taylor, Mark. "Spatial authority in transition : new patterns in policing the contemporary city." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327474.

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Kabia, Victor Sylvester. "The Relationship Between Increased Police Patrols and Violent Crime Rates in Seven United States Cities." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2317.

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Large, metropolitan areas across the nation have experienced high rates of violent crime over the past 2 decades. As a consequence, law enforcement agencies have increased patrol efforts, but little is known about whether the decrease in violent crime rates was correlated to increased police patrols or to the economic variables of unemployment, inflation, level of education, unemployment compensation, and homeownership. The purpose of this non-experimental, correlational study was to examine the nature of the relationship between increased police patrols, the 5 economic variables, and violent crime rates in 7 large US cities for a 10-year period. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Paternoster's deterrence theory and Becker's economic theory of crime causation. Data were acquired from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and used a sample of 114 cases of reported violent crimes for each city included in the study for the years 2000 - 2010 (n = 798). A multiple regression analysis was initially performed with inconclusive results. Spearman's correlations between each of the independent and dependent variables of violent crime indicated that all the independent variables except for homeownership had statistically significant inverse correlations with violent crime rates. The findings of this study may be used by law enforcement agencies and policy makers to develop crime prevention interventions that address those economic factors associated with violent crime, thereby promoting positive social change through creating safer communities.

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Chung, Hung-fung Harry, and 鍾雄峰. "An analysis of policing the border: a shift of responsibility." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964436.

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FAMEGA, CHRISTINE NATALIE. "DISCRETION OR DIRECTION?: AN ANALYSIS OF PATROL OFFICER DOWNTIME." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1057691086.

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Womack, Charissa L. "Criminal Investigations: The Impact of Patrol Officers on Solving Crime." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3594/.

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This two-part study of the criminal investigation process first evaluated the frequency with which patrol officers solve cases assigned to the investigations division and then examined how detectives spent their time, both on case assignments and on other activity not related to current case assignment. Cases assigned to the investigations division for follow up were examined to determine how often a case was cleared by the patrol officer. The detective's time was then evaluated in order to determine how much time detectives spent on investigative tasks and other activities. This study confirms that the patrol officer should be given more time to conduct preliminary investigations for specific cases, and that tasks performed by detectives could be shifted to other personnel in the department. Both actions should serve to positively impact case clearance rates.

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黃澤虹 and Chak-hung Wong. "An analysis of the enactment of the interception of communications andsurveillance ordinance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41006148.

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Brereton, Catherine Margaret. "Mapping Grahamstown's security governance network : prospects and problems for democratic policing." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006323.

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The security of its citizens is often regarded as the democratic state's primary raison d'etre. However, with increasing crime and perceptions of insecurity among citizens, along with actual and perceived state policing inadequacies, citizens around the world have sought to make alternative arrangements for their security. The explosion of private alternatives to state policing has resulted in the need for the replacement of former static definitions of policing by more fluid understandings of what policing entails. Policing is no longer an activity undertaken exclusively by the 'state police.' Policing needs to be understood within a framework which recognises the existence of a variety of state, commercial, community groups and individuals which exist within loose and sometimes informal, sometimes formal, networks to provide for the security of citizens. Preceding the country's transition to democracy in 1994 'state' policing in South Africa was aimed at monitoring and suppressing the black population and as a result it conducted itself in a largely militaristic way. When the government of national unity assumed power in 1994 it was indisputable that the South African Police had to undergo major reform if it was to play an effective, co-operative and accountable role in a democratic South Africa. While state policing has unquestionably undergone enormous changes since the advent of democracy in 1994, so too has non-state policing. It is widely accepted that the dividing line between state and non-state policing in South Africa is increasingly blurred. Policing, by its very nature, holds the potential to threaten democracy. Consequently it is important that policing is democratically controlled. According to the Law Commission of Canada four values and principles - justice, equality, accountability, and efficiency - should support policing in a democracy. This thesis is a case study of policing in Grahamstown, a small city in South Africa's Eastern Cape province. It will be shown that the policing problem that currently plagues Grahamstown, and by extension South Africa, is not simply the result of a shortage of providers but rather a problem of co-coordinating and monitoring security governance to ensure that the city does not further develop into a society where the wealthy have greater access to security than the poor.

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MacNeil, Tanya. "Police Opinions of Digital Evidence Response Handling in the State of Georgia: An Examination from the Viewpoint of Local Agencies’ Patrol Officers." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/369.

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This research examined opinions of local law enforcement agencies’ patrol officers in the State of Georgia regarding preparedness and expectations for handling of digital evidence. The increased criminal use of technology requires that patrol officers be prepared to handle digital evidence in many different situations. The researcher’s goal was to gain insight into how patrol officers view their preparedness to handle digital evidence as well as their opinions on management expectations regarding patrol officers’ abilities to handle digital evidence. The research focused on identifying whether a gap existed between patrol officers’ opinions of digital evidence and the patrol officers’ views on what management expectations are for patrol officers handling digital evidence. Using a Web-based survey, the researcher collected data from 144 departments, 407 individual patrol officers in four strata across the State of Georgia. The analysis of the data found that most patrol officers handle digital evidence in at least some situations. The patrol officers’ opinions stated that most understood management expectations for handling of digital evidence and felt those expectations were realistic based on the officers’ current knowledge and training; therefore no significant gap was found. The patrol officers state that they need additional training in order to stay up to date with the current and future needs for handling existing and new technology.

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Herb, Michael R. "Racial profiling and the police : utilizing the Census Transportation Planning Package to benchmark traffic stops made by the North Carolina State Highway Patrol /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/5511.

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Monteiro, Bento Rodrigo Pereira. "Modelo de formação da agenda de controle e fiscalização no parlamento : police‐patrol e fire‐alarm sob uma perspectiva da teoria do stakeholder." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32485.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciência Política, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política, 2018.
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A presente pesquisa procurou responder ao questionamento central sobre se a teoria de fire‐alarms e police‐patrol é suficiente para explicar o comportamento do Parlamento na realização de atividades de controle e fiscalização. De modo a comprovar essa hipótese empiricamente, foi necessário investigar o mecanismo causal pelo qual o exercício da delegação concedida pelo Parlamento ocasiona uma ação de controle e fiscalização. Para isso, foi utilizado o Process Tracing para construir testes de hipóteses que permitissem responder à pergunta de pesquisa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas com deputados, burocratas e representantes de grupos de interesse. A unidade de análise foi a Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil, tendo sido escolhido como escopo a área de meio ambiente, especificamente o processo de concessão de licença ambiental. O período delimitado para a coleta de dados foi o primeiro biênio da 55ª legislatura. A metodologia aplicada permitiu validar empiricamente a teoria de fire‐alarm e police‐patrol, sendo necessários ajustes ao modelo teórico para incluir o stakeholder na modelagem, visto que há interações deles com os demais atores que influenciam no caminho percorrido durante o processo.
This research sought to answer the question as to whether the fire‐alarms and police‐patrol theory is sufficient to explain the behavior of Parliament in carrying out oversight activities. In order to empirically prove this hypothesis, it was necessary to investigate the causal mechanism by which a violation to the Parliamentary delegation causes an oversight action. Therefore, Process Tracing was put into practice in order to construct hypothesis tests designed to help to answer the research question. Data collection was done through document research and interviews with congressmen, bureaucrats and interest groups leaders. The unit of analysis of choice to do that is the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies and the scope is the oversight actions that taken place in 2015 and 2016 to oversee the environmental licensing process. After the analysis process, the fire‐alarm and police‐patrol theory was validated empirically, although adjustments had to be made to the theoretical model in order to include the stakeholder, since there are interactions with other actors that influence the causal mechanism.

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Alves, Roberta. "Modelo matemático para seleção de rotas de patrulhamento escolar: o caso da patrulha escolar de Ponta Grossa." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1560.

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CAPES
Estudos mostram que a violência nas escolas resulta em consequências prejudiciais para as vítimas e para a sociedade. Entre os principais meios de prevenção da violência escolar tem-se o patrulhamento policial como o mais efetivo. O patrulhamento policial escolar é realizado por viaturas policiais que atendem a uma rede de escolas e consiste na manutenção das viaturas em cada escola da rede por um determinado período de tempo (patrulhamento de rotina). Contudo, durante o patrulhamento de rotina, as viaturas devem prestar atendimento imediato a chamadas de emergência em escolas da rede que não estejam sendo patrulhadas naquele momento (patrulhamento emergencial). O presente trabalho propõe um método baseado em modelos matemáticos para auxiliar o programa de patrulha escolar na definição das rotas de patrulhamento de rotina e rotas emergenciais. A abordagem aplicada para resolver o problema foi a de algoritmos de grafos. O patrulhamento de rotina foi por meio do Problema do caixeiro viajante e solucionado por meio da heurística do vizinho mais próximo e da meta-heurística de Busca tabu. A situação de emergência foi modelada utilizando o Caminho mais curto e as rotas emergenciais foram determinadas por meio do algoritmo de Floyd-Warshall. Um estudo de caso em uma rede de escolas foi utilizado para demonstrar a utilização do método. Os resultados mostram que o método proposto é efetivo para tratar o problema de seleção de rotas de patrulhamento escolar em cidades com restrições de recursos tecnológicos.
Studies have shown that school violence produces harmful effects on victims and society alike. Police patrols have proved to me the most effective among the main forms of preventing school violence. School police patrols take place using squad cars that serve a network of schools and consist of placing vehicles at network schools for a given period of time (routine patrol). Nevertheless, during routine patrol police vehicles must immediately answer emergency calls at network schools that are not being patrolled at that moment (emergency patrolling). This work proposes a method based on mathematical models to assist the school patrol program in defining the routes for routine patrol and emergency routes. The approach used to solve the problem consisted of graph algorithms. Routine patrol was treated as a model of the Traveling Salesman Problem, and was solved using the Nearest Neighbor Heuristic and Tabu Search metaheuristic. The emergency situation was modeled using the Shortest Path Problem, and emergency routes were determined through the Floyd-Warshall algorithm. A case study was used to demonstrate the application of the method. Results show that the proposed method is effective to treat the problem of route selection for school patrols in cities with shortcomings in technological resources.

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Macaulay, Fiona. "Brazil’s Maria da Penha domestic violence police patrols: A second-response innovation in preventing re-victimization." Sage, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18535.

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yes
This article examines an innovative domestic violence intervention: some 300 ‘second-response’ police patrols set up since 2015 by military police forces and municipal guards in cities around Brazil. They enforce court-issued protection orders by paying repeat visits to women at high risk, referring them to support services, and ensuring abusers stay away. Drawing on interviews with officers who founded or now lead these patrols, and on local-level police data and studies, the article analyses their origins and modus operandi, and evaluates their impacts on victims, abusers, the community, and internal police force culture. Available evidence shows that victims enrolled in these programmes are much less likely to suffer repeated assault or feminicide than those who are not. The article examines how this intervention fits with the other elements of local protection networks and compares these patrols to second-response police interventions developed elsewhere

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Pennell, Kym. "Police education and police practice." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/35468.

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"January 2002".
Thesis (DEd)--Macquarie University, Australian Centre for Educational Studies, School of Education, 2003.
Bibliography: p. 229-246.
Introduction: police education and police practice -- "Police": a definition -- Policing in a democratic society: the role dilemma -- Contemporary policing: a convergence of ideas -- Role conception: the United Kingdom -- Development of policing: Australia and the United States of America -- The nature of crime -- The police response: effectiveness and outcomes -- The perceptions and expectations of stakeholders -- The police culture -- The police organisation -- Police education and training: models of learning -- Police education and training: providers -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'training' models -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'professional models' -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'professional/academic' model -- Police education and training: evaluation of experience -- Conclusion.
A perception of escalating social disorder and allegations of police corruption and ineptitude have led to a social and political imperative to reform policing. Fundamental to this reform is the modification of the core mission of the police and the operational practices of the uniformed Constable. The core characteristics of policing and the operational practices of the uniformed Constable are determined by the core mission and the operational context of policing. -- Despite an imperative to reform the quality and provision of police services to the community the core mission of the police has not fundamentally altered during the last half century and remains crime control (Zaho, 1996). The core mission of contemporary policing has been criticised for being in direct conflict with basic democratic principles and for being simply unachievable. This thesis will establish that the origins and occurrence of crime, its prevalence and persistence is detennined by social, economic and cultural factors that are beyond the control of the police. It will be argued that long-term successful law-enforcement in a democratic society requires the acceptance, cooperation and approval of the community. Community oriented policing may provide the theoretical framework for internalising normative controls and for enhancing public participation in and sharing responsibility for crime control. -- It will be demonstrated that the strategc shift in policing implicit within the theoretical framework of community policing has significant implications for the reform of police . education and training. Several commentators and various Commissions of Inquiry have recommended upgrading police education and training, and the participation of police in tertiary education. -- The reform of police practice is contingent upon the reform of the core mission and the operational context of policing. The core mission and the operational context of policing is substantially defined, controlled and manipulated by the perceptions, expectations and actions of stakeholders. Directly or indirectly these have been found to be antithetical to alternative models of policing that are service orientated; thus blocking, diluting or redirecting efforts to implement community policing. -- Unless the core mission of the police and the operational context of policing are substantially modified then police education will continue to have a limited impact upon the operational practices of the uniformed Constable.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xxi, 246 p

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32

Dahlgren, Johanna. "Kvinnor i polistjänst : Föreningen Kamraterna, Svenska polisförbundet och kvinnors inträde i polisyrket." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Historical Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1142.

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The aim of this thesis was to study the strategies that Kamraterna (‘the Comrades’), an association for Stockholm’s policemen, and the Swedish Policemen’s Union employed in order to solve the issue of women in police service in the years 1957-1971. I have dealt with the attitudes they had to women in police service and the conceptions of gender that were expressed. The trade unions’ way of trying to solve the issue of women’s service and position in the organisation and Kamraterna’s actions vis-à-vis their female members have also been in focus. Finally, I have also studied the way in which the police profession was made masculine and feminine and how this could be used as a part of the strategies.

Women’s entrance into the police profession on the same terms as men created and made visible the gender structures in the police force. The male police officers saw their rights threatened, if the female labour could be judged differently and hence be promoted more rapidly. This conflict made conceptions of male and female qualities visible, and above all in Kamraterna, a struggle was started to maintain male police officers’ privileges and rights.

The unions emphasised that women would have to be employed on equal terms and that equal pay must imply equal work. Women were however considered to be best suited for social police work and work with women and children, while men were chiefly associated with the parts of the profession involving physical strength and violence. It was difficult to implement the principle of equal terms in practice, since there was a basic idea that women were different. Both Kamraterna and the Swedish Policemen’s Union used dual closure in order to solve this dilemma. Kamraterna’s usurpation was intended to influence the police commissioner and to unite the members, including the women, thereby creating a collective unity about the issue of the female police officers’ posts and work. They tried to remove the women from foot patrol work by having them relocated to other departments with civil duties. In this way they endeavoured to keep the patrol work as an exclusively male area by resorting to exclusion. When the National Police Board started experimental work in 1969 with female police officers being stationed in special units with civil duties, the Swedish Policemen’s Union supported this effort and tried to see to it that the instructions were followed. The Policemen’s Union thus employed exclusion. Excluding women from parts of the profession meant that the unions used a demarcationary strategy resulting in a gendered division of labour being created rather than the women being entirely excluded from the police profession. The patrol work was the part of the police profession that women ought not to have access to, and this was linked to masculine qualities and symbolism. Words like physical strength, strenuous service and violence were related to the patrol work. The uniforms and weapons underscored the masculine connotations of the patrol work. A hegemonic masculinity was created here, which could be used as a means for excluding female police officers. The women’s uniforms looked different and their weapons were not the same, which should have made it more difficult for them to be regarded as real police officers.

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Ortman, Abbie. "Police Pressure: The History of U.S. Police Interrogations." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20549.

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In the past 150 years, the tactics used by police in the interrogation room have constantly been evolving. This paper will look back on the history of interrogation tactics used by police as well as the court's efforts to regulate those tactics. Starting with the definition of interrogation and tactics, the paper will slowly delve into the history of U.S. police interrogation tactics. Beginning with the early formulation of modern police departments and working through the important Wickersham Report. The paper will discuss the ban on physical third degree tactics and the impact of Miranda warnings. Finally, the paper will walk through one of the most popular interrogation methods, The Reid Technique, before briefly proposing eight suggestions on how to move forward with interrogation regulation.

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Sanden, Michael Brian. "Juvenile Perceptions of the Police and Police Services." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29328.

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This study examined the impact of four categories of variables (demographics, neighborhood context variables, contact with the police, and vicarious influence variables) on juvenile perceptions of the police and police services. Data analyzed in this study were collected as part of a larger research evaluation that examined the impact of law enforcement efforts in relation to violent crime. Students from one middle school were surveyed. Statistical analysis consisted of a series of One-Way ANOVA tests and several ordinary least squares regression (OLS) models. The study found significant results for both dependent variables within all four categories of independent variables. Policy implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.

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Miller, Larry S., and Norman Marin. "Police Photography." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1455777633.

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Quality photographs of evidence can communicate details about crime scenes that otherwise may go unnoticed, making skilled forensic photographers invaluable assets to modern police departments. For those seeking a current and concise guide to the skills necessary in forensic photography, Police Photography , Seventh Edition, provides both introductory and more advanced information about the techniques of police documentation. Completely updated to include information about the latest equipment and techniques recommended for high-quality digital forensic photography, this new edition thoroughly describes the techniques necessary for documenting a range of crime scenes and types of evidence, including homicides, arson, and vehicle incidents. With additional coverage of topics beyond crime scenes, such as surveillance and identification photography, Police Photography , Seventh Edition is an important resource for students and professionals alike.
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Hadley, Graham John. "Performance culture meets police culture : the relationship between political ideologies, police reform and police culture." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/performance-culture-meets-police-culture(31510fe4-4810-449b-8117-1c2d20956344).html.

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This thesis explores successive police reform agendas over the period 1979 – 2012 in terms of the relationship between political ideology, police reform and police occupational culture. The thesis addresses the interplay between ideologically driven police reform and the reception of reform agendas within the central mindset of policing. It examines the significance of political and economic drivers in police reform agendas and literature on police occupational culture, with emphasis upon change and reform and the response within the police. As a means of exploring the relationship between reform and police culture the thesis gathers data through empirical research based upon documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. Research upon street and management cops (Reuss-Ianni 1983) and the analytical model of cultural knowledge and change outlined by Chan (1997), was used to analyse and present the research findings. The main conclusions concern how ideology in police reform agendas was received by police occupational culture. Utilising the theoretical frameworks of Reuss-Ianni and Chan, the thesis argues that the ideology in police reform agendas is received and assessed through cultural knowledge. This places into context documented features of police occupational culture such as the sense of mission, conservatism, resistance to change and the street – management divide. As a result, this thesis contributes to the understanding of police occupational culture through the prism of reform and the implications for practice, outlining how ideologically driven police reform agendas are received and interpreted through police occupational culture.

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Roberts, David Joseph. "Police Reform and the Boston Police Strike of 1919." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625618.

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Ruiz, Vasquez J. C. "Colombian police policy : police and urban policing, 1991-2006." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fc1cf23-5246-4919-978a-6aee375b9a69.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze Colombian police policy with particular reference to the police and urban policing after the promulgation of the Constitution of 1991. This study examines how the Constitution of 1991 has impacted on the configuration, professionalization and institutionalization of the Colombian police. This dissertation concludes that the new Constitution of 1991 was crucial in transforming an insignificant organization into a noteworthy public institution with its own corporate aims and ethos and a certain autonomy regarding the government, parties, ministries and the military. This research is divided into three main parts. The first one will focus on the police as a structure emphasizing the process of formation, development and institutionalization. It dissects the police structure into five aspects: historical configuration, structural organization, personnel, expenditure and controls. This part shows that the current importance of the police in the Colombian institutional landscape in terms of international aid, personnel and budget increase and public exposure has no precedents prior to 1991.The second part will be devoted to the study of the organizational life of the police force stressing the role played by high-ranking officers in improving the image of the police and, more importantly, in creating a vigorous institution difficult to control from outside, but at the same time, not easy to manage internally as a consequence of the distinction existing between high-ranking and low-ranking officers. The final part of this work examines urban and community policing in large urban areas taking the case of Bogotá. It focuses on the role played by the police in its implementation, successes and failures, concluding that the reluctance of the police to adopt these programmes of policing has limited their productive effects on the actual job and indeed the whole organization.

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Harkin, Diarmaid. "'Civilizing policing'? : what can police-public consultation forums achieve for police reform, 'democratic policing', and police legitimacy?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14178.

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Considering police-public consultation forums as a device, or tactic, to ‘civilize’ policing, the possibilities and limitations of ‘civilizing policing’ using this method can be shown. Police-public consultation forums can ‘civilize’ policing – in the sense Loader and Walker (2007) use the term – by contributing to police reform, democratic policing, and police legitimacy. Using the case of Edinburgh, Scotland, the achievements of police-public consultation forums for reform, democratic policing, and legitimacy, are examined and an argument made that consultation forums can make positive contributions in each of these areas. However, the example of consultation forums also reveals significant conceptual and structural limitations to the ideas of reform, democracy, and legitimacy when applied to the police. These limitations are articulated using the social theory of Simmel, Weber, and Lukes: Simmel and Weber reveal the inflexibility and non-negotiable aspects of the police that defies reform and democratic ambitions; Lukes provides an important precautionary perspective on the ‘democraticness’ of democratic devices; and, comparing Lukes with the work of Weber provides a view on legitimacy that reveals advanced complexities to ‘police legitimacy’. In sum, police-public consultation forums contribute to ‘civilizing policing’, but it is also useful to reflect and consider the non-negotiable limits the ‘form’ of the police applies to possible positive change.

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Koepfler, James Robert. "Predicting police aggression : using theory to inform police selection assessment /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (997.98 KB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/masters/koepfljr/koepfljr_masters_04-14-2010_thesis.pdf.

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Belur, Jyoti. "Police use of deadly force : analysing police 'encounters' in Mumbai." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2010/.

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This study analyses the dynamics of the police decision to invoke deadly force in a particular situation called encounters, using the Mumbai police as a case study. Police encounters in India are officially portrayed as spontaneous, unplanned 'shoot-outs' between the police and alleged criminals, in which the criminal almost invariably is killed but there are hardly any injuries on the part of the police. However the 'cover story' is always the same raising the suspicion that it is a cover up for facts that might not be legally defensible or permissible. The core of this study is to understand why in a free and democratic society like India, such abuse of police use of deadly force is not only tolerated, but also in many ways (both overtly and tacitly) encouraged. The study adopts a qualitative approach to understand police officers' perspectives of the issues surrounding the use of deadly force and compares it with the perspectives of a few influential opinion makers via in-depth semi-structured interviews. A broader examination of media, social, organisational and governmental responses towards police use of deadly force helps contextualize police justifications within the Denial Theory framework and the study draws upon wider policing literature in the UK, USA, South Africa and certain Latin American countries to explain why this form of police violence occurs. The abuse of deadly force has to be understood as not only a social problem, but also a sociological one. It gives rise to fiindamental questions such as - what makes ordinary, 'decent' human beings do horrible things. What motivational techniques and justifications are used to override social norms governing moral conduct. This problem has received little attention in the Indian context, to that extent the research will fill a gap in the existing criminological literature and allow for a more comprehensive understanding of these issues. Also, by drawing lessons from the experience of other countries who have tackled similar problems, it will provide broad guidelines and recommendations for reforms in policing policy and practice.

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Kerrigan, Austin. "Police accountability: the role of the complaints against police office." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976980.

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Polat, Ahmet Callot Émile-François Hamamci Can. "Le passage d'une police d'ordre à une police de proximité." Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2007. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2006/polat_a.

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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Droit public : Lyon 3 : 2006. Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Droit public : Université d'Ankara : 2006.
Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

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Wyrick, Phillip T. "Police Militarization: Attitudes Towards the Militarization of the American Police." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1161.

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Police militarization is a critical contemporary issue in the criminal justice field; however, only a minor amount of research exists on this issue. Almost no research exists on public attitudes toward police militarization, which is very important given the social context. A contextual literature review covers a brief history of American police with emphasis on key events leading to modern police militarization, such as the Munich Incident and Columbine. Also covered are research topics that help outline the need for research on public attitudes in this field, such as the amount and use of PPUs by Peter Kraska and the idea of role convergence. Google Docs was used to generate and disseminate an electronic survey to a random sample of ETSU students. Statistical findings show that, while militarization does play a significant role in public confidence in the police, positive public attitudes and fear of the police play a much more significant role.

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Polat, Ahmet. "Le passage d'une police d'ordre à une police de proximité." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_polat_a.pdf.

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L'objectif de notre recherche est de vérifier le postulat que l'organisation policière turque pourrait tirer d'une application de la Police de Proximité. L'expérience de la Police de Proximité constitue un laboratoire formidable dans lequel le cas turc peut tirer des enseignements, des méthodes, dispositifs et procédés. La Police de Proximité est un exemple pour un Etat centralisé par rapport au modèle Community Policing sous l'autorité régionale ou communale. Face à la recrudescence de la délinquance et la montée en puissance du sentiment d'insécurité, l'organisation policière turque cherche à trouver des réponses anachroniques en privilégiant l'ordre public et la grande délinquance dont le terrorisme au détriment de la prévention et de la sécurité publique. Un changement profond et durable s'impose pour répondre à la demande sociale. En France, la Police de Proximité est en suspends. Par contre, les gouvernements français ont déployé des efforts considérables pour l'application de ce modèle. Même si le degré d'application de la Police de Proximité demeure encore très controversée, ce modèle a donné naissance à un nombre important d'applications. Dans le contexte de la mise en œuvre d'une politique publique de sécurité en Turquie, cette réforme dépend de trois démarches successives : une démarche politico-administrative, une démarche juridique qui prévoit des modifications dans la législation et une démarche opérationnelle au sein de l'organisation policière expérimentales. L'enseignement de l'expérience française nous permettra de planifier un nouveau modèle turc de la Police de Proximité
The objectif of our research project is to verify the postulate that the organisation of the Turkish Police could put into practice an application of the Police de Proximité. The experiment of the Police de Proximité constitute an formidable laboratory in which the Turkish Police can learn new lessons, methods, devices, proceedings. The Police de Proximité is an example of a centralised system compared to the model of Community Policing under the regional and local authorities. Facing the renewal of delinquency and the increased feeling of insecurity, the Turkish police are looking for anachronic solutions in the optical of public order and serious crime, such as terrorism, instead of focusing on preventative measures and public safety. A sustainable and effective change can be achieved by responding to social needs. In France the project of Police de Proximité was supended. But the French government is making enormous efforts to integrate this model into the existing system. Even if there are controversial opinions regarding the extent of the application of the Police de Proximité, the concept has been an inspiration to other important field experiments in this research area. The lessons learned by the French experiment allow us to design a new Turkish concept of the Police de Proximité. In order to implement a public policy of security in Turkey, this reform is dependent upon three successive phases: the political administrative phase, the juridic phase including legal modifications and the operational phase within the organisation of the police. As the French experiment has shown, the mere implementation of the reform is not sufficient to change the system. Success implementation of this reform, is dependent upon the support of politicians and people as well as the determination of the police

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46

L'Heuillet, Hélène. "Basse politique, haute police : une approche philosophique de la police." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100067.

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Le travail présente ici une étude philosophique de la police, prise dans son sens contemporain. Il procède de l'idée que la police n'est pas un simple moyen de la politique, mais un élément constitutif de sa structure, qu'elle participe de la définition de ses fins et qu'elle n'est pas dénuée de sens. Il ne s'agit donc pas ici de se demander comment agit la police, mais de tenter de dire ce qu'elle est. Une telle approche conduit à aborder la politique autrement que comme « haute politique » et a tenter de prendre les choses « par le bas ». La recherche des normes et des principes, l'opposition du légitime et de l'illégitime, du juste et l'injuste en matière de constitution et de régime ne sauraient ici servir de fil directeur. Il s'agit de se demander non ce qui doit être, mais pourquoi ce qui est ce qu'il est. Dans ce cas, l'étude de la police devient non seulement possible, mais souhaitable. Une telle recherche se développe dans la cadre de la philosophie appliquée. Parce que la police a été considérée comme un concept philosophique seulement par quelques philosophes son étude requiert une approche interdisciplinaire. Toutefois, les éléments empruntés au droit, à l'histoire, à la science politique et à la sociologie sont repris dans une problématique. La première partie est consacrée a l'analyse la police est comme intelligence de la politique. Basse politique, elle l'est alors comme politique appliquée. La deuxième partie analyse la police comme instance du maintien de l'ordre : elle semble alors incarner ce qu'il y a de plus bas dans la politique. La troisième partie porte sur le grand thème de la mythologie policière : « œil ». L'oeil semble l'instrument adéquat de la basse politique. Il est non ce qui permet d'observer et d'informer l'Etat, et ce qui assure l'ordre.

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47

Buisson, Jacques. "L'Acte de police." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612302k.

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Buisson, Jacques Decocq André. "L'acte de police." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/1990/buisson_j.

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More, Harry W., and Larry S. Miller. "Effective Police Supervision." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1455777609.

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Good police officers are often promoted into supervisory positions with little or no training for what makes a good manager. Effective Police Supervision is a core text used in college-level classes on supervisory practices in criminal justice. This popular book combines behavioral theory with case studies that allow the reader to identify and resolve personal and organizational problems. It provides readers with an understanding of the group behaviors and organizational dynamics, with a focus on effectiveness as well as proficiency, and on how a supervisor can help to create an effective organization. This book is also a vital tool in the preparation of police officers for promotional exams. This revised and updated edition includes new material throughout on police accountability, police involvement with news media, dealing with social media, and avoiding scandals. Each chapter includes important key terms and opens with a case study to illustrate important concepts.
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Adonis, Anastase. "La police hellénique." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10004.

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Cette étude s'inscrit dans le champ de recherches comparées en sociologie politique. L'étude porte sur la composition de la culture professionnelle des policiers Grecs, ainsi que sur les processus auxquels elle est associée. La culture professionnelle est exposée en un ensemble de valeurs et des connaissances. Dans une première partie, et suivant une approche historique, sont exposées les conditions de création de l'État contemporain hellénique, le rôle assumé par les forces de l'ordre dans son évolution, ainsi que l'héritage culturel des rapports entre État, par police interposée, et population. Une deuxième partie analyse l'impact sur les policiers des aspects organisationnels et fonctionnels de la Police dans les efforts de cette dernière d'assurer le lien social entre forces politico-sociales traditionnelles et réformistes. La dernière partie de l'étude se concentre sur les conditions de travail des policiers ainsi que sur leur code de valeurs
This thesis was carried out in the scope of comparative research in political sociology. In particular, the study examines the composition of professional culture of the Greek police as well as the associated processes. The professional culture is shown as a collection of values, practices and knowledge. The first part of the study presents in an historical fashion the creation of the contemporary Greek State, the role of the police in its evolution, as well as the cultural heritage found in the relationship between the State and the population by means of the police. The second part analyses the impact of organizational and functional of the police on its members in their efforts to maintain social ties between traditional and reformist political-social forces. The last part of the study focuses on the work conditions of the policemen along with their code of values

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