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Journal articles on the topic 'Police power – Europe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Henry, Alistair, Ali Malik, and Andy Aydın-Aitchison. "Local governance in the new Police Scotland: Renegotiating power, recognition and responsiveness." European Journal of Criminology 16, no. 5 (2019): 573–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370819856528.

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A marked, but by no means universal, trend in Europe over the last decade or so has been the centralization or amalgamation of regional police organizations into larger or single units. Scotland is a case in point, its eight regional services becoming one Police Scotland in April 2013. Although the reform process was relatively consensual, the new organization has been the subject of numerous controversies, some of which reflect an actual or perceived loss of the local in Scottish policing. Drawing on a qualitative study of the emerging local governance arrangements, we explore the negotiated

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Bashkin, Orit. "The Fruit of the Arts and the Mob." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, no. 3 (2021): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9407949.

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Abstract This essay considers accounts of the Dreyfus Affair published in the newspaper Thamarat al-Funun (founded 1875) during 1898 to demonstrate how Arab writers addressed the rights of minorities in Europe and examined failed emancipatory projects. Writing about the Dreyfus Affair allowed intellectuals in the Levant to reverse the power relationship between themselves and Europe and to comment on the kinds of politics that would ensure the equality before the law of the Jewish minority in Europe. These debates further illustrate that even before the shift to electoral politics in the Ottom

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Schiller, Nina Glick. "Racialized nations, evangelizing Christianity, police states, and imperial power: Missing in action in Bunzl's new Europe." American Ethnologist 32, no. 4 (2005): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.2005.32.4.526.

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Gundhus, Helene O. I. "Shaping Migrants as Threats: Multilayered Discretion, Criminalization, and Risk Assessment Tools." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10, no. 3 (2021): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2041.

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This article examines Operation Migrant, initiated by the Norwegian police following the so-called migration crises in Europe in 2015. One of its central aims was, by predicting challenges related to increased migration, to improve resource allocation and prevent crime. By drawing on research on risk and threat assessment as a form of power, this article aims to analyze how risk categories are distributed and translated into a multilayered institutional arrangement where migration is policed as a potential crime. The article examines the indicators that the risk assessments are based on and th

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Kolaszyński, Mateusz. "OVERSEEING SURVEILLANCE POWERS – THE CASES OF POLAND AND SLOVAKIA." Politika nacionalne bezbednosti 18, no. 1/2020 (2020): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/pnb.1812020.3.

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The article aims to present the most important issues related to oversight over surveillance powers in Poland and Slovakia. The word „surveillance powers” used in the study refers particularly to covert techniques and practices of gathering personal data which occurs without the monitored subjects’ knowledge or approval. Such surveillance powers are typically carried out by police services and intelligence agencies, and are more politically sensitive, as well as closely related to core issues of power and security. Oversight over these services and their surveillance powers is the standard in

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Vuillemin, Alain. "The mysteries of power in the Republic of Doumarie in Death of a Poet (1981) by Michel Del Castillo." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 49, no. 1 (2022): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for22.14lesa.

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Michel Del Castillo's novel Death of a Poet was published in 1989, before the collapse of totalitarian systems in eastern countries. It is an autobiographical fiction. The action takes place in 1988. The narrator, Igor Védoz, relates the last events of the fall of a dictator, Marshal Carol Oussek, the "Guide" of an imaginary republic, Doumaria, a country located in the center of central Europe. It’s a reflection on absolute power. The intrigue is built on a detective plot. The investigation carried out by Igor Védoz allows us to glimpse some of the secret mysteries of power in this "Socialist,

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Kabashi, Gazmend, and Skender Kabashi. "Review of under Frequency Load Shedding Program of Kosovo Power System based on ENTSO-E Requirements." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 2 (2018): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp741-748.

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Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) is designed to protect the power system when the frequency drops below given thresholds by switching off certain amounts of the load aiming thus to balance generation and load. This paper presents a review of the existing UFLS (Under Frequency Load Shedding) program in compliance with recently revised Police-5 of Operational Handbook of ENTSO-e. The proposed review of the current UFLS program for Kosovo Power System has considered the main standards requirements and guidelines for UFLS set by ENTSO-E. This work examine system performance by conducting dynam

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Gazmend, Kabashi, and Kabashi Skender. "Review of under Frequency Load Shedding Program of Kosovo Power System based on ENTSO-E Requirements." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 2 (2018): 741–48. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp741-748.

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Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) is designed to protect the power system when the frequency drops below given thresholds by switching off certain amounts of the load aiming thus to balance generation and load. This paper presents a review of the existing UFLS (Under Frequency Load Shedding) program in compliance with recently revised Police-5 of Operational Handbook of ENTSO-e. The proposed review of the current UFLS program for Kosovo Power System has considered the main standards requirements and guidelines for UFLS set by ENTSO-E. This work examine system performance by conducting dynam

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Makarenko, V. P. "State Interest and the Vicious Circle of the Police: Michel Foucault's Model." Политическая концептология: журнал метадисциплинарных исследований, no. 2 (July 15, 2023): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2949-0707.2023.2.614.

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M. Foucault developed a model of the police as a political technology that sought to manage in accordance with the state interest (hereinafter GI). This model is based on the analysis of many phenomena of being and thinking. These include: temporal-spatial differences in the understanding of the term police during the XV–XVIII centuries; the connections of the police of Italy, Germany and France with the general balance of Europe; the genesis of the police in these countries to establish the national specifics of police science; the genesis of the concept of state benefit as a bureaucratic inn

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Abdul, Ghafoor Sajed, and Rahmani Saifurahman. "The Instruction of International System after Ukraine War." Sarcouncil Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences 02, no. 11 (2023): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10230220.

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Ukraine's war is part of combat for new world discipline. Russia and china clearly challenged the America and its allies. But that what is the world discipline is still a question. Moscow and Beijing are following of model concert of Multi polar with zones of infiltration monopolized. But the United States despite of unwillingness of burgeoning for role police world. But lots of Americans didn't leave still unipolar. And America with support of partnership and allies is still following existence discipline. America in role of leader of military police by supporting from Ukraine, and china as p

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Hudson, Hugh D. "A Failure of Modernization: Police Reform, The “Common Good,” and Serfdom In Eighteenth-Century Russia." Russian History 42, no. 3 (2015): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04203001.

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For Russian subjects not locked away in their villages and thereby subject almost exclusively to landlord control, administration in the eighteenth century increasingly took the form of the police. And as part of the bureaucracy of governance, the police existed within the constructions of the social order—as part of social relations and their manifestations through political control. This article investigates the social and mental structures—the habitus—in which the actions of policing took place to provide a better appreciation of the difficulties of reform and modernization. Eighteenth-cent

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Fedneva, Natalia L. "Ministry of Police of the Russian Empire: implementation of the project by M.M. Speransky." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 19 (2021): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2021-5-19-412-424.

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We consider the views of M.M. Speransky on the sphere of the police department, which were not previously the object of special research, as well as the implementation features of his project for the creation of the Ministry of Police of the Russian Empire, designed, according to the creator's plan, to ensure not only order and security, but also oversee the legality of the administration’s activities on the ground. We draw conclusions: firstly, the formation of Speransky’s views took place under the influence of internal needs to strengthen power and maintain order that arose in the Russian E

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Frohman, Lawrence. "Population Registration in Germany, 1842–1945: Information, Administrative Power, and State-Making in the Age of Paper." Central European History 53, no. 3 (2020): 503–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938919000931.

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AbstractPopulation registration has figured only peripherally in histories of state formation in modern Europe. Although the registries never fully shed their original security function, the emergence of the interventionist state transformed the personal data or information collected by the registries into a central element of state administrative power. However, the ways in which this information could be used by both the civilian administration and the police to govern individuals and populations were limited by the use of paper as a means of data storage and transmission and by the informat

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Yungblyud, Valery. "The February Crisis of 1948 in Czechoslovakia in the American Intelligence Materials." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640027031-2.

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In February 1948, an acute government crisis broke out in Prague, culminating in the transfer of power in Czechoslovakia to the Communist Party and the destruction of the democratic opposition. These events completed the consolidation of the Soviet sphere of influence in Europe and contributed to the formation of a US containment policy. The causes of the Czechoslovak crisis and the particularities of the Communist strategy became the subject of study by the American intelligence services. The purpose of the article is to examine the main issues that were the focus of their attention, to analy

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Mark, Gillis. "A Constitutional Review of EU Treaties: Democratic Fig Leaf or Genuine Protection of National Sovereignty?" AICEI Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2010): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4524475.

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<em>In this paper I will explore the issue of national constitutional limitations upon the transfer of competences/sovereign powers to the EU, with particular focus upon the doctrines developed by the Czech Constitutional Court since the Czech Republic's accession to the EU in 2004, and especially in its two decisions on the Lisbon Treaty. As is the case with the highest judicial instance in many EU Member States, the Czech Constitutional Court has developed doctrines that approve the transfer of sovereign powers to the EU while purporting to delimit the outer boundaries of the constitutio

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Press, Steven Michael. "False Fire: The Wartburg Book-Burning of 1817." Central European History 42, no. 4 (2009): 621–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938909991014.

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A twenty-first-century visitor must find it difficult to imagine that the Thuringian city of Eisenach, lately known for its shopping, once held a place in the collective memory of Germans. On October 18, 1817, 450 students descended upon Eisenach for the Wartburg Festival, a two-day commemoration of the tricentenary of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and the fourth anniversary of the Battle of Leipzig. Drawing on the symbolic power of nearby Wartburg Castle, best known as Luther's hideout in 1521, the festival witnessed a number of songs and speeches calling peacefully for the introduction

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Curp, T. David. "The Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: The P.P.R., The P.Z.Z. and Wielkopolska's Nationalist Revolution, 1944–1946." Nationalities Papers 29, no. 4 (2001): 575–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990120102101.

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“… all of society is caught up in a hatred of Germany … [this] creates a serious possibility of uniting all of society into one entire national front.”Władysław GomułkaThree costly revolutions began in Poland between spring 1944 and summer 1946. The first two were primarily state-sponsored political and socioeconomic revolutions initiated by a minority comprising the Moscow-appointed and -controlled Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza, P.P.R.) and their allies. Although they dominated the commanding heights of regional and national politics and administration, the P.P.R. and its su

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Kharkevich, M. "Grounding Ontology of the “International” in Terms of Radical Constructivism." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 6 (2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-6-36-46.

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The “International Relations” (“IR”) discipline is going through a double-disciplinary crisis. Once again, there is a general feeling of increasingly fragmenting common ground within the discipline (the first crisis) and the acknowledgment that the “IR” only imports concepts and methods from other disciplines but does not export any (the second crisis). Both crises share the same origin. The subject matter – “international” – has not been rooted in any social ontology. The discipline is now searching for the social ontology of “international.” The most discussed candidate for such a role is “s

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Nissen, Mogens Rostgaard. "Alex Walter – “… den tyske embedsmand, der overhovedet har gjort Danmark de største tjenester under krigen”." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 54 (March 3, 2015): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v54i0.118896.

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Mogens Rostgård Nissen: Alex Walter, — “… the German official who rendered the largest services of all to Denmark during the war.” Alex Walter was head of the German government committee, which during the occupation of Denmark negotiated trade agreements with the corresponding Danish government committee. That is why he had great influence on the economic side of occupation policy, which the German occupying power carried out in Denmark during the war. Walter had a broad knowledge of Danish economy and Danish conditions in general, because since 1932 he had negotiated trade agreements wi

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K. C., Chandra Bahadur. "The Geopolitics of Revenge and Justice in Agatha Christie’s Murder on the Orient Express." Saraswati Review 1, no. 1 (2024): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.3126/tsr.v1i1.77505.

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Geopolitics deals with the role of geography in politics. It is related to the power that geography provides to the actors. Literature also includes geography (setting), which happens to be of great importance in power relations. A fictional work explores the role of geopolitics in the activities of the characters. Agatha Christie’s murder mystery novel Murder on the Orient Express covers the geopolitics of revenge and justice. The geography of Eastern Europe helps the characters seek revenge and justice for a past act of injustice. This research deals with the geopolitics of revenge and justi

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Cœuré, Sophie. "La réception de L’Archipel du Goulag et d’Alexandre Soljénitsyne en Europe occidentale et aux États-Unis (1974-1978) : un choc médiatique de guerre froide." Parlement[s], Revue d'histoire politique N° 29, no. 1 (2019): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/parl2.029.0057.

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Cet article présente l’analyse critique comparée de trois documents : un rapport de la police politique soviétique (KGB) sur la parution de L’Archipel du Goulag (1974), une lettre du sénateur Jackson souhaitant à A. Soljénitsyne la bienvenue dans « le monde libre », et un extrait du Grain tombé entre les meules. Esquisse d’exil, dans lequel l’auteur évoque les réactions de la presse occidentale (1978). L’étude permet de décrypter le mécanisme d’un choc de grande ampleur, mobilisant à divers titres les gouvernements et les médias, et révélant toute l’importance de la culture dans le soft-power

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István, Bandi. "Between the politics of memory and institutionalization management of political police documents. A comparative analysis of Romanian and Hungarian models: CNSAS and ABTL." Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe Umanistice, no. 10(200) (December 2024): 96–102. https://doi.org/10.59295/sum10(200)2024_12.

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The exit from the shadow of Soviet communism marked the social and political transformation of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and the peoples’ option for democracy and civility almost simultaneously defeated the totalitarian dictatorships in this part of the world. Hungary and Romania, although they followed different paths before the memorable year of 1989, started together the efforts of economic and military integration in the Euro-Atlantic structures. In the case of both countries, the transformations were significant and occurred in stages. The process of taking over and pro

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Waller, Irvin. "Justice Even for the Crime Victim: Implementing International Standards." International Review of Victimology 1, no. 1 (1989): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975808900100106.

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In November 1985, the United Nations General Assembly (1985) adopted a charter of victim rights — the ‘Declaration on the Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power’. Governments and international organisations are now faced with the challenge of implementing these principles. The UN Declaration and the Recommendations of the Council of Europe propose specific ways by which justice and services can be improved. Countries such as Canada, England, France and the United States are passing legislation. However, even there much more is required. All governments must ensure

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Brienen, Marion, Ernestine Hoegen, and Marc Groenhuijsen. "Evaluation and Meta-Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Victim-Oriented Legal Reform in Europe." Criminologie 33, no. 1 (2002): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004710ar.

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Abstract The 1985 UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, and the Council of Europe's Recommendation (85) 11 on the Position of the Victim in the Framework of Criminal Law and Procedure are important documents that reflect an international consensus on legal rights for victims. In many European jurisdictions, such victims' rights have been introduced or improved upon. However, they are often not used as intended or remain virtually dormant. The UN has therefore adopted a Resolution and drafted a manual on ways to facilitate effective implementatio

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Trofymenko, Volodymyr. "PREVENTION AS AN OBJECT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN SCIENTISTS (ON THE BASIS OF THE COMPILATION METHOD)." BULLETIN OF YAROSLAV MUDRYI NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY. SERIES:PHILOSOPHY, PHILOSOPHIES OF LAW, POLITICAL SCIENCE, SOCIOLOGY 2020, (1) 44 (2020): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.21564/2075-7190.44.195919.

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The actual value of the topic. Ukraine is integrating more and more into the European community by transforming national legislation and changing the status of public authorities. The law enforcement system, in particular the National Police, is a litmus test for such changes because of the place it occupies in the system of public authorities and its influence on the state of public life and public order in society. Civil society is beginning to place new demands on the National Police in response to changes in the direction vector of its activities. Previously, it was a state armed body of s

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Poczai, Péter, Jorge A. Santiago-Blay, Jiří Sekerák, and Attila T. Szabó. "How Political Repression Stifled the Nascent Foundations of Heredity Research before Mendel in Central European Sheep Breeding Societies." Philosophies 6, no. 2 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6020041.

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The nineteenth century was a time of great economic, social, and political change. The population of a modernizing Europe began demanding more freedom, which in turn propelled the ongoing discussion on the philosophy of nature. This spurred on Central European sheep breeders to debate the deepest secrets of nature: the transmission of traits from one generation to another. Scholarly questions of heredity were profoundly entwined with philosophy and politics when particular awareness of “the genetic laws of nature” claimed natural equality. The realization that the same rules of inheritance may

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Van Der Eng, Pierre. "Marshall Aid as a Catalyst in the Decolonization of Indonesia, 1947–49." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 19, no. 2 (1988): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246340000059x.

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The United States did not give Marshall aid to Western Europe for purely humanitarian reasons. Aid was also, perhaps even mainly, provided to serve the economic and political purposes of the United States. In studies dealing with the Marshall aid programme, the suspension of aid to the Dutch colony of Indonesia, and the seeming threat to halt the stream of dollars to the Netherlands, has been used as an example to prove that the programme was an American instrument of political power. In studies dealing with the decolonization of Indonesia, it is also alleged that the menace of adjournment of

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Damsholt, Tine. "’At overskue, tilfredsstille og lyksaliggjøre’." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 44, no. 121 (2016): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v44i121.23724.

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Taking its point of departure in Foucault’s analysis of the notions of ‘reason of state’ and ‘police’ i.e. Polizeiwissenschaft in eighteenth-century Europe, the article investigates the complex understanding of happiness and bliss in a Danish parish topography from 1795. The notions of happiness and bliss are entangled with the emergence of ‘the political problem of population’ in which the population appears as an entity that must be governed according to its specific ‘nature’. Thus, the population appears as a new object of study and as purchase for interventions addressing living conditions

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Golub, Mykola. "Some Directions of Use of International Experience by Law Enforcement Bodies of the Mia System of Ukraine." Law and innovations, no. 4 (40) (December 19, 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2022-4(40)-14.

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Problem setting. Today, Ukraine is in a state of war. Active hostilities continue in some regions. Law enforcement agencies subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs occupy one of the decisive positions in countering the aggressive manifestations of the Russian Federation. Law enforcement structures have a double burden, namely: performing tasks related to repelling an armed attack of the Russian Federation, as well as ensuring the inviolability of state borders, maintaining a proper state of public order and security, and detecting manifestations of collaborationism in controlled territ

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Shaw, Ian G. R. "The Urbanization of drone warfare: policing surplus populations in the dronepolis." Geographica Helvetica 71, no. 1 (2016): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-71-19-2016.

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Abstract. This paper explores the urbanization of drone warfare and the securitization of the “surplus population”. Defined as a bloc of humanity rendered as structurally unnecessary to a capital-intensive economy, the surplus population is an emerging target for the post-welfare security state. If we now live in an age of a permanent conflict with uncertain geographies, then it is at least partly fueled by this endemic crisis at the heart of the capitalist world system. Of key significance is the contradictory nature of the surplus population. The “security threat” generated by replacing mass

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Hasan, M. Sajjad. "Accident Analysis and Method Comparison of Finding Black Spots on M-2(Lahore-Islamabad) Motorway, Pakistan." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40116.

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Abstract: The purpose of this research is to locate the black spot on the Lahore-Islamabad Motorway and investigate the elements that contribute to traffic accidents (M2). The National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP), Pakistan, provided 10 years of road accident data for this research. A total of 375 kilometres of M-2 were included in this study's database of sixteen hundred fifty two traffic accidents. Time, sector, beat, severity, casualty, severity index, weather, and other variables are taken into account while analysing the 2010-2020 crash data for M-2. The accident patterns and trend

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Slyusarenko, Yu A. "Ensuring compliance of laws on lustration with the requirements of a state based on the principle of the rule of law: European standards." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 2 (May 11, 2024): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.02.128.

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A range of international acts of a regional nature, which are designed to restore a civilized, liberal state based on the principle of the rule of law, as well as those international acts that regulate social relations arising in the member states of the Council of Europe during the purge of power, have been identified. Resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe No. 1096 (1996) "On measures aimed at eliminating the legacy of former communist totalitarian regimes” was analyzed. Attention is focused on such negative phenomena, which are indicated in it and which, despite t

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Isenia, Wigbertson Julian, and Eliza Steinbock. "How to Read Dr Betty Paërl’s Whip: Intersectional Visions of Trans/Gender, Sex Worker and Decolonial Activism in the Archive." Feminist Review 132, no. 1 (2022): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01417789221137045.

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In this article, the authors take up the historical figure of Dr Betty Paërl, who has surprisingly turned up in very different kinds of specialised archives. The white mathematics professor was located in IHLIA LGBT+ Heritage, the largest queer heritage collection in Europe, as a notable SM sexpert and spokesperson on transgender politics, and also found during archival research into the anti-(neo)colonial struggles of Suriname against the Dutch. Upon closer inspection of the materials, the authors find the recurrent image/item of the whip that presses them to carefully think through how the a

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Bogaturov, A. D. "Anattempt to rebuild the world "in the American way"." MGIMO Review of International Relations 14, no. 5 (2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2021-5-80-49-64.

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Trump’s foreign policy was controversial, resulting in division into its supporters and adversaries both at national and international levels. Donald Trump managed to be flexible in relations with the Legislative, ignoring the democratic majority in the House of Representatives. However, it was possible only before the Covid-19 pandemic. Donald Trump’s foreign policy prioritized American capital that determined US relations with the EU, Canada, and Latin America. As for relations with Russia, they were defined by the Ukrainian crisis. Disarmament is still a cornerstone in Russian American rela

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Khalig Qafarli, Simuzar. "EUROPEAN UNION SOFT POWER LIMITATIONS." SCIENTIFIC WORK 53, no. 04 (2020): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/53/167-170.

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Piskała, Kamil. "Kryzys gospodarczy, faszyzm i „warstwy pośrednie”. Reakcje polskich socjalistów na zwycięstwo nazizmu w Niemczech." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 44, no. 1 (2022): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.44.1.2.

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The decline of the democratic Weimar Republic and NSDAP’s rise to power in 1933 caused a huge political uproar, especially among European socialists and social democrats. For many decades German SPD was a role-model for other socialist parties. The German working class was also perceived as the best organized and the most politically educated in all of Europe. Therefore, as Gerd-Reiner Horn noticed in his path-breaking study, the period of about 40 months after the creation of Hitler’s cabinet was a time of extremely intensive (and perhaps most passionate in the interwar period) discussion on

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Dragišić, Petar. "Yugoslav neighborhooD PolicY in 1944-1945." Leskovački zbornik 64, no. 2 (2024): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lz-liv2.121d.

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At the end of World War II, the newly established communist regime in Yugoslavia sought to take full advantage of its power and extend its sphere of influence across this part of Europe. The strategy of the Yugoslav regime towards neighboring countries encompassed territorial claims as well as the idea of unification with Bulgaria and Albania. The Yugoslav regime often tried to legitimize such attempts by insisting on the inferior status of Yugoslav ethnic minorities in the neighboring countries.The struggle of the Yugoslav regime aiming to extend its influence over Southeastern Europe was met

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Warlouzet, Laurent. "La politica di concorrenza comunitaria: un successo tardivo (1950-1989)." MEMORIA E RICERCA, no. 30 (July 2009): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2009-030002.

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- This articles shows that the development of the European Competition Policy was both progressive and based on a supranational dynamic. Whereas important powers were devoted to the European institutions in this field in the Treaties of Paris (1951) and Rome (1957) and in an important regulation of 1962, the Commission was not able to create a strong Competition Policy in those years. However, these decisions were important to lay the basis of the strengthening of the Commission's powers in the Eighties. This confirms the historical institutionalism of Paul Pierson. The strengthening of the Eu

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TOKAI, Kunihiro. "Energy Policy and Nuclear Power in Europe." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 52, no. 1 (2010): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.52.1_44.

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Niedźwiecki, Sławomir. "Unia Europejska w świecie: soft power, hard power czy może smart power?" Przegląd Europejski, no. 3-2017 (January 28, 2018): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.17.4.

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The main purpose of the article is to ask whether the European Union is a smart power actor. Most of the previous research has treated the EU as a soft power. This work is an analysis of the tools which the European Union uses in its foreign policy. Research has been conducted in the context of types of powers, which have been formulated by Joseph Nye: hard power, soft power and smart power. It was necessary to survey what instruments does the European Union use to have impact on other participants of international relations. Nowadays, a range of these tools is relatively developed, taking int

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Szabo, Stephen F. "Germany: From Civilian Power to a Geo-economic Shaping Power." German Politics and Society 35, no. 3 (2017): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2017.350303.

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Germany has become a geo-economic power since its unification in 1990. Its foreign policy agenda has been shaped by its economic interests and the role of its export sector. Nevertheless, Russian actions in Ukraine and elsewhere in Europe combined with the accession of the Trump Administration in the United States and the rise of China have resulted in a transition in the foreign policy paradigm toward Germany as a shaping power and more of a geopolitical actor which has to balance its economic interests with the new strategic challenges of a newly unstable Europe.

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Schapiro, Mark. "New Power for “Old Europe”." International Journal of Health Services 35, no. 3 (2005): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gyrm-92vr-h6m4-6hdq.

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The European Union's growing political clout is leading to new paradigms of environmental and health regulation. The E.U. is putting teeth behind new guidelines governing the toxicity of chemicals in consumer products, cosmetics, and automobiles that are forcing American companies to reconsider longstanding production practices. While U.S. government oversight over environmental and health concerns is being weakened, the E.U.'s strengthened governance over these and other arenas is rapidly, through the leverage of international trade, setting the stage for a new global standard. Europe's new s

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Grishin, Yakov Yakovlevich, and Damir Rimovich Islamov. "Soft power in Turkey's foreign policy in Europe." Contemporary Europe, no. 6 (December 15, 2023): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708323060098.

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Since the mid-2000s, under the rule of the Justice and Development Party, Turkey has included the concept of soft power in its foreign policy agenda. Based on the position of Turkish officials, the practical implementation of soft power is based on public diplomacy, with its “infrastructure” being created at the same time by establishing new or transforming existing state structures in partnership with non-governmental organisations. Ankara has developed the main directions for public diplomacy to be based on interaction with its Turkish people living abroad and closely related Turkic peoples,

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van Peski, Caecilia J. "Good Cop, Bad Cop." Security and Human Rights 24, no. 1 (2013): 49–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02401008.

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Over the summer month of August 2008, Georgia launched a large-scale military offensive against South Ossetia in an attempt of reconquering the territory. Four years later, on October 1, 2012, Georgia is holding its first Parliamentary Elections after the conflict that caused so much harm. The Parliamentary Elections constitute the 7th legislative elections held since Georgia’s independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. It is however the first time for Georgia to elect an alternative party from the ruling party solely based on principle of democratic vote. The article examines the almost ten

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Elshtain, Jean Bethke. "The Relationship Between Political Language and Political Reality." PS: Political Science & Politics 18, no. 01 (1985): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500021259.

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Albert Camus' ironic judge-penitent, Jean-Baptiste Clemence, remarks to his compatriot in the seedy bar, Mexico City, in a shadowy district of Amsterdam, the mist rising off the canals, the fog rolling in, cheap gin the only source of warmth, “Somebody has to have the last word. Otherwise, every reason can be answered with another one and there would never be an end to it. Power, on the other hand, settles everything. It took time, but we finally realized that. For instance, you must have noticed that our old Europe at last philosophizes in the right way. We no longer say as in simple times: ‘

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Elshtain, Jean Bethke. "The Relationship Between Political Language and Political Reality." PS 18, no. 1 (1985): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030826900622907.

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Albert Camus' ironic judge-penitent, Jean-Baptiste Clemence, remarks to his compatriot in the seedy bar, Mexico City, in a shadowy district of Amsterdam, the mist rising off the canals, the fog rolling in, cheap gin the only source of warmth, “Somebody has to have the last word. Otherwise, every reason can be answered with another one and there would never be an end to it. Power, on the other hand, settles everything. It took time, but we finally realized that. For instance, you must have noticed that our old Europe at last philosophizes in the right way. We no longer say as in simple times: ‘

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Proedrou, Filippos. "Russian Energy Policy and Structural Power in Europe." Europe-Asia Studies 70, no. 1 (2018): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2017.1419169.

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Vasilyan, Syuzanna. "((D)(E-)) Valuation of the EU’s “Moral Power” in the European Neighbourhood (Policy) (ENP)." Oasis, no. 40 (June 26, 2024): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n40.04.

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Inspirado en la Nueva Guerra Fría entre Rusia y Occidente desde 2014, este artículo se basa en la teoría moral que gira en torno al marco conceptual del “poder moral” que procede teóricamente del poder “civil”/“normativo/”ética” europeo. Este se aplica a la (Política) Europea de Vecindad (ENP) como un caso de prueba principal compuesto de estudios de casos atomiza- dos en un terreno geográfico caracterizado por la agitación política, de seguridad y económica. Ontológicamente, el artículo une el neorrealismo, el constructivismo y la teoría crítica para explicar los últimos acontecimientos en la

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Nazish Mahmood and Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema. "Trump and the US Foreign Policy Crisis." Strategic Studies 38, no. 4 (2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.04.00129.

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The unconventional and non-traditional trajectory of the US foreign policy, in the regime of Donald Trump, has already undone decades of the American diplomacy, evoking an intense reaction from friends and foes alike. This downward trend is not only bewildering America’s staunch allies in Europe and Asia but also bringing new realisation to the rising and resurgent powers that the era of unprecedented US global hegemony is over. The retreat in the US global leadership has neither been because of “imperial overstretch” nor the “domestic under-reach” but through voluntary relinquishing of power

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Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin. "Migration, social policy, and power in historical perspective." Global Social Policy 19, no. 3 (2019): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018119832403.

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Migration and social policy have become fiercely contested issues in Europe and North America. In this article, I highlight how mobility and migration, on one hand, and social policy, on the other hand, have historically been closely interwoven and shaped by power relations. It is argued that European states actively assisted their poor to leave ‘home’ and settle in far-away places. I will elaborate some of the tensions between freedom of movement and the role of social policy in the North German Confederation ( Norddeutscher Bund [NDB]) and the British Empire. Finally, it is argued that many

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