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Journal articles on the topic 'Police psychology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

VOLCKENS, JULIE SEAGER. "Police Psychology." Criminal Justice and Behavior 19, no. 3 (September 1992): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854892019003008.

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2

BARTOL, CURT R. "Police Psychology." Criminal Justice and Behavior 23, no. 1 (March 1996): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854896023001006.

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3

Silverman, Hirsch Lazaar. "Psychology and the Police." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 38, no. 6 (June 1993): 631–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/033431.

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4

Blau, George L. "Psychology in police training." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 4, no. 2 (October 1988): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02806552.

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5

Goodman-Delahunty, J., H. Verbrugge, and M. Taitz. "Complaining to the Police: Insights from Psychology." Policing 7, no. 3 (May 30, 2013): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pat016.

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6

Sidebottom, A., and N. Tilley. "Evolutionary Psychology and Fear of Crime." Policing 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pan022.

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7

Zelig, Mark. "Ethical dilemmas in police psychology." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 19, no. 3 (1988): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.19.3.336.

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8

Ostrov, Eric. "Police/law enforcement and psychology." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 4, no. 4 (1986): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370040402.

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9

Baumann, Donald J. "Review of Psychology for Police Officers." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 30, no. 8 (August 1985): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/024037.

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10

Ang, Jansen, Siew Maan Diong, Carolyn Misir, and Jeanice Cheong. "Operations Psychology: The Singapore Police Experience." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 26, no. 2 (January 7, 2011): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-010-9080-9.

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11

Bull, Ray, and Peter Horncastle. "Evaluation of police recruit training involving psychology." Psychology, Crime & Law 1, no. 2 (April 1994): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10683169408411947.

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12

Hartwig, Maria, Pär Anders Granhag, and Aldert Vrij. "Police Interrogation from a Social Psychology Perspective." Policing and Society 15, no. 4 (December 2005): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439460500309956.

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13

Gill, Charlotte, and Molly C. Mastoras. "Proactive Alliance: Combining policing and counselling psychology." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 6, no. 3 (August 24, 2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.193.

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The philosophy of community-oriented policing (COP) has been widely adopted by police departments around the world and has important benefits, such as improving community members’ satisfaction with police and their perceptions of police legitimacy. However, implementing COP is challenging. Police departments report difficulties obtaining the support of officers on the ground and knowing how best to engage communities—which often contain multiple, overlapping, and sometimes competing groups within the same geographic area—in effective problem-solving and crime prevention. This article describes Proactive Alliance, an innovative training program that draws from criminological theory andevidence-based principles in counselling psychology to teach police officers specific, immediately applicable techniques to establish rapport and long-term working relationships with community stakeholders. The training addresses two key challenges of COP: building meaningful collaboration across diverse communities and empowering frontline officers to become change agents in pursuit of the “co-production” of public safety. It builds on the original theory of broken windows policing, which emphasized the importance of harnessing police officers’ personalities to facilitate successful community engagement and crime prevention, and provides practical tools based on those used by mental health professionals to enable officers to engage in active listening, to connect, and to problem-solve with the community while protecting their own well-being. We conclude by describing the potential of Proactive Alliance to strengthen COP and evidence-based policing more broadly.
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14

Barth-Farkas, Faye, and Antonio Vera. "Leader Prototypicality and Displayed Power in the Police: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact on Leader Endorsement and Trust." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 13, no. 4 (November 3, 2017): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax080.

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Abstract The aim of this article is to advance scholarly knowledge on the impact of leader prototypicality and displayed power on leader endorsement and trust in the police. Drawing on theoretical arguments from psychology and organizational behaviour, we develop eight hypotheses and submit them to an empirical test. In a pre-study, we explore what characteristics are prototypical of police leaders. Based on these findings, we develop vignettes describing different types of police leaders and administer these in an experimental study using a between-subjects design. Our sample consists of 34 German top-level police leaders for the pre-study and 142 German mid-level police leaders for the main study. Regression analyses provide evidence for a positive effect of leader prototypicality on leader endorsement and trust, a positive moderating effect of organizational identification on these relationships, and a negative effect of displayed power on leader endorsement and trust.
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15

Aamodt, Michael G. "Reducing Misconceptions and False Beliefs in Police and Criminal Psychology." Criminal Justice and Behavior 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854808321527.

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Although certainly not alone, the field of police and criminal psychology seems to be an area that is highly susceptible to myths and misinformation. Whether it is the notion that police have higher suicide and divorce rates or that crime rates greatly increase during a full moon, there are many commonly held beliefs that are not supported by scientific evidence. This article discusses research conducted by the author and his students over the past several years to investigate the accuracy of some common beliefs in police and criminal psychology. Four principles are proposed that, if considered, might reduce the level of misinformation in police and criminal psychology. These principles include using primary sources, comparing apples with apples, avoiding the oversimplification of what is being studied, and understanding that in general, human judgment is not a good predictor of behavior.
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16

Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, and Karin D. Martin. "The Social Psychology of Racially Biased Policing: Evidence-Based Policy Responses." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7, no. 2 (October 2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732220943639.

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Police killings of unarmed African Americans, such as George Floyd in 2020, continue to cause nationwide protests and calls for change. Psychological science knows much about biased policing and can inform policy to promote equitable policing. Social psychology’s extensive findings on stereotyping, attitudes, and intergroup relations help clarify the role of officer racial bias. This article reviews implicit and explicit bias, race-crime stereotypes, intragroup bias, ingroup favoritism, stereotype threat, and dehumanization in policing interactions, all of which can lead to racially disparate use of force. Based on this science, some policy responses can mitigate bias: Officer level de-biasing training, body-worn cameras, automatic license plate readers, and federal policing reform legislation are discussed. The lack of a coordinated, national effort to collect and analyze police use of force data undermines tracking fatal incidents and bias therein, which are therefore harder to remediate.
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17

Lester, David, and William Ten Brink. "Police Solidarity and Tolerance for Police Misbehavior." Psychological Reports 57, no. 1 (August 1985): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.1.326.

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18

Violanti, John M. "Survivors' Trauma and Departmental Response following Deaths of Police Officers." Psychological Reports 77, no. 2 (October 1995): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.2.611.

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It was hypothesized that satisfaction with supportive reactions of the police department following the on-duty death of an officer helps to ameliorate traumatic stress in surviving spouses. This hypothesis is based on the premise that the police-work group is cohesive and provides a psychological safety net for the surviving spouse. A secondary analysis was conducted of data obtained from 162 surviving police spouses. Analysis indicated that spouses' reported satisfaction with the department was significantly associated with lower trauma stress scores. These findings suggest that police departments should formulate policy to provide assistance to spouses surviving duty-related police deaths.
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19

Khader, Majeed, Jansen Ang, Diong Siew Maan, Poh Li Li, Toh Shi Min, Jayagowry A., Carolyn Misir, and Ho Hui Fen. "Police Psychology in Singapore: The Red Dot Experience." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 27, no. 1 (October 18, 2011): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-011-9094-y.

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20

Turtle, John W., and Gary L. Wells. "Partners in Crime: Giving Away Psychology to Police." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 42, no. 3 (March 1997): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/000507.

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21

Bednarski, Mirosław J. "Wstępna analiza wiedzy zawodowej funkcjonariuszy policji z zakresu podstaw psychologii w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa." Prawo i Bezpieczeństwo, no. 1 (2024) (2024): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/29567610pib.24.012.19848.

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The article is a preliminary analysis of the results of research on knowledge of the basics of psychology in the aspect of performing official duties by Police officers, conducted among police officers of the Warsaw Police Headquarters. Institutions specifically established for this purpose, including the Police, are responsible for the direct protection of public safety. In order to properly fulfill its tasks belonging to a democratic state, which consist mainly in serving society, the police, in addition to the legal formula, also need appropriate equipment, functional structures and the human factor – policemen who can meet the requirements of a constantly changing reality. A properly trained policeman, prepared for duty, is a guarantee of an efficiently functioning Police. An element of this preparation is basic knowledge of psychology.
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22

Trostle, Lawrence C. "Police Solidarity and Tolerance for Police Misbehavior, Revisited." Psychological Reports 96, no. 1 (February 2005): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.1.26-28.

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A small scale replication of Lester and Brink's (1985) study of police misbehavior was recently conducted with a sample of 125 police officers from Southern California. The findings of this study were diametrically opposed to those of Lester and Brink's findings. This study indicates that there does not appear to be a relationship between peer association while off duty and a proclivity for official misconduct. Several reasons are mentioned for possible explanation of the different findings.
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23

Wells, Gary L. "Police lineups: Data, theory, and policy." Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 7, no. 4 (2001): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.7.4.791.

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24

Riggio, Ronald E., and Karan Saggi. "The Licensure Issue in I-O Psychology: Are We Trying to Police the Police?" Industrial and Organizational Psychology 10, no. 2 (June 2017): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2017.11.

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Many industrial and organizational (I-O) and consulting psychologists who engage in practice of their profession, for example as “management consultants,” compete against consultants with a wide array of backgrounds and disciplinary degrees. Indeed, in consulting work, one of us has competed against practitioners with backgrounds in fields ranging from accounting (CPAs) to sociology, communication, anthropology, business administration, and even those with degrees in divinity.
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25

Wilson, Jeremy M., and Justin A. Heinonen. "Police Workforce Structures." Police Quarterly 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2012): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611112456691.

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Research has long focused on the size of police agencies, giving little attention to the composition of the workforce itself. Literature in fields such as the military, healthcare, organizational psychology, and business, highlights the importance of workforce structures in meeting both organizational and staff needs. Using data from a national survey, we examine personnel cohorts (i.e., distribution of junior, midlevel, and senior sworn staff) as an element of workforce structure in the largest, U.S. municipal police organizations. We describe the importance of cohort structures for enhancing performance (meeting both organizational and individual needs) and assess variation in cohort structures. We discuss the cohorts in light of their effects on personnel management, and highlight the importance of existing cohort structures when considering major personnel decisions such as hiring freezes, furloughs, layoffs, and buyouts. We summarize future research that could advance theory and policy regarding workforce structures in police and other criminal justice organizations.
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26

Meares, Tracey L. "Trust & Models of Policing." Daedalus 151, no. 4 (2022): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01949.

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Abstract The notion of trust has become central to the discussion of policing and its transformation over the last decade. Scholars, policy-makers, and the agents who purport to carry out public safety projects on behalf of the public now commonly point to trust as one of the central goals of the relationship between policing agencies and members of the public they serve, in contrast to the more common and familiar notion of crime reduction. This essay highlights three common mechanisms agencies and the individuals they comprise use to attempt to improve the public's trust in police: changing policy, training of police, and citizen oversight boards. Focusing on the conceptual framework that the social psychology of procedural justice offers, the essay then turns to a less common target for change: the very laws police enforce. Changing the police will require not only transforming how its members carry out the job but also the laws they are sworn to uphold.
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27

Rosenbluh, Edward S. "Police Crisis Intervention." Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations 1, no. 1 (April 10, 2001): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j173v01n01_03.

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28

Cooper, H. H. A. "Police Hostage Negotiations." Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2004): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j173v04n01_07.

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29

Cooper, H. H. A. "Police Hostage Negotiations." Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations 5, no. 1 (January 16, 2005): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j173v05n01_02.

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30

Greco, Nicholas. "DEATH WORK: POLICE, TRAUMA, AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SURVIVAL." Shock 23, no. 2 (February 2005): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200502000-00017.

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31

No authorship indicated. "Review of Police Managerial Use of Psychology and Psychologists." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 5 (May 1988): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025750.

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32

Rostow, Cary D., Robert D. Davis, and Judith P. Levy. "Police psychology: The influence of Daubert and its progeny." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 17, no. 2 (June 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02807110.

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33

MASTROFSKI, STEPHEN D., and CRAIG D. UCHIDA. "Transforming the Police." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30, no. 3 (August 1993): 330–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427893030003005.

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34

Violanti, John M., and Fred Aron. "Ranking Police Stressors." Psychological Reports 75, no. 2 (October 1994): 824–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.2.824.

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35

Smith Lee, Jocelyn R., and Michael A. Robinson. "“That’s My Number One Fear in Life. It’s the Police”: Examining Young Black Men’s Exposures to Trauma and Loss Resulting From Police Violence and Police Killings." Journal of Black Psychology 45, no. 3 (April 2019): 143–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798419865152.

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Black males are disproportionately the victims of police killings in the United States, yet few studies have examined their personal narratives of trauma and bereavement resulting from police violence. Informed by critical race theory and stress and coping theory, we used a modified grounded theory approach to conduct and analyze in-depth, semistructured life history interviews with 40 young Black men (aged 18-24 years) in Baltimore, Maryland. Study participants were recruited from a GED and job readiness center serving Baltimore youth. Study results offer a nuanced understanding of the patterning and mental health consequences of police violence for young Black men. Participant disclosures of witnessing and experiencing police violence began in childhood and spanned through emerging adulthood, met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition criteria for trauma exposure, and embodied theoretical conceptualizations of racial trauma. Exposures to police violence fostered distrust of police and informed participants’ appraisals of their vulnerability to police violence across the life course. Six study participants disclosed losing loved ones to police killings. Injustice and hypervigilance accompanied grief. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
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36

Szołtek, Agnieszka. "Cognitive and Utilitarian Aspects of Psychological Support for Police Officers." Internal Security 9, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1716.

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Psychological support for police officers and civilian police staff is among key factors capable of preventing negative effects of work-related stress. The need for such support is especially significant in crisis situations, when psychological assistance is provided to police officers and civilian police staff. Comprehensive psychological support is offered by police psychologists, who are responsible for psychological care and psychoeducation, psychology of human resources management and applied police psychology. This paper presents statistical figures as regards forms of psychological assistance provided by psychologists in 2016. As the most common of psychological specialisations, psychological care involves providing psychological assistance or emotional first aid to police officers and civilian police staff; doing psychotherapy; offering psychoeducation to a police officer or a civilian employee; preparing a psychological analysis of suicide or a suicide attempt by a police officer or civilian police worker. In 2016 police psychologists specialising in psychological care and psychoeducation targeted for assistance almost 2,000 police officers and civilian police staff and provided nearly 3,500 pieces of psychological advice. In addition, the psychologists’ work consisted in offering psychotherapy to individuals and support groups. The vast majority of therapeutic activities were targeted at police officers and civilian police staff in crisis situations. An important aspect of psychological support is broadly understood psychoeducation, which makes it possible to cope with mental stress. Police officers cannot avoid work-related stress or traumatic experiences when performing their official duties, but they can and should take advantage of police psychologists’ professional assistance. Statistical data quoted in the report summarising police psychologists’ activity in 2016 clearly shows that their work is necessary.
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37

Snook, Brent, Brandy Doan, Richard M. Cullen, Jennifer M. Kavanagh, and Joseph Eastwood. "Publication and Research Trends in Police Psychology: A Review of Five Forensic Psychology Journals." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 24, no. 1 (December 4, 2008): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-008-9032-9.

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38

Shotwell, Trent. "Book Review: The State of American Policing: Psychology, Behavior, Problems, and Solutions." Reference & User Services Quarterly 59, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.59.1.7246.

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The State of American Policing: Psychology, Behavior, Problems, and Solutions by David J. Thomas observes the past and current roles of police in the United States. The purpose of this book is to closely examine the impact of policing minority members of the community and address recent instances of police use of deadly force. The author, David J. Thomas, provides expert perspective on policing with his background as a veteran police officer and criminal justice professor at Florida Gulf Coast University.
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39

Sun, Ivan Y., Mingyue Su, and Yuning Wu. "Attitudes Toward Police Response to Domestic Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 16 (February 28, 2011): 3289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260510393008.

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Domestic violence has emerged as a worldwide concern since the 1970s. Although a substantial amount of efforts have been devoted to assessing various aspects of domestic violence, a relatively small number of studies have empirically examined factors that shape public attitudes toward police response to such incidents. Even rarer is investigating the topic from an international, comparative perspective. Based on survey data gathered from approximately 550 college students in China and the United States, this study analyzes the effects of background characteristics, personal and vicarious experiences of crime, and perceptions of gender roles and violence on attitudes toward proactive and traditional police response to domestic violence. Compared to their American counterparts, Chinese students were less likely to favor proactive response and more likely to support traditional response. Chinese and American students’ attitudes toward police response to domestic violence were shaped by some different and common factors. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
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40

Löbmann, Rebecca. "New Police Responses to Domestic Violence: The Go-Order in Germany." Swiss Journal of Psychology 65, no. 2 (June 2006): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.65.2.101.

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In recent years, several policy reforms have been instituted encouraging tougher criminal justice system responses to domestic violence. In Germany, go-orders were implemented: Police can insist on the abuser leaving the home for a couple of days. The present study discusses the rate of go-orders, influence factors on police decisions and problems with this intervention. Data sources were a police database of 7098 incidents of domestic violence and a questionnaire survey of 374 patrol officers in Lower Saxony. Findings revealed that the rate of go-orders (36%) was within the range of other German federal states. Factors indicating danger of repeated violence, e.g., intoxication of perpetrator, exerted an influence on police decisions for go-orders. Moreover, the presence of children and the offender’s gender had an influence. The paper concludes that prevention can still be improved with respect to danger prognosis and control of go-orders.
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41

Berry, Mike. "Helping police with their enquiries: How psychologists can help the police." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 374 (March 29, 2024): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2024.1.374.11.

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PHOTO CREDIT: Kai PilgerThe aim of this paper is to show how psychologists can help the police in many aspects of police officers’ professional and personal lives. It highlights a number of areas including stress; C.P.D.s; communications and interviewing as well as the expected forensic aspects.
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42

Greitemeyer, Tobias. "The Police Officer’s Dilemma." Journal of Media Psychology 32, no. 2 (April 2020): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000260.

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Abstract. Correll and colleagues ( Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002 ) developed a first-person shooter task that simulates the police officer’s dilemma of whether to shoot or not a target that may present lethal danger. The present study examined the relationship between habitual violent video game play and responses in this shooting paradigm. Habitual violent video game play has been shown to increase the accessibility of aggressive thoughts. Previous research also demonstrated that action video game play has a positive impact on perceptual skills. Hence, it was hypothesized that players of violent video games would be more likely to mistakenly shoot a target and exhibit shorter reaction times in the shooting task. Results revealed that reaction times, but not error rates, were significantly associated with habitual violent video game play. These findings suggest that habitual violent video game play may have a positive impact on overall processing skills without limiting accuracy.
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43

Trofimovs, Igors. "OPERATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 78 (March 31, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i78.2798.

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The author deals with the history of formation of operational psychology as a field of knowledge influencing the national security. The author discloses in details some psychological essentials of the application of this knowledge in everyday activities of employees of special forces units, police, prosecutor’s office, courts, punishment execution system and other law enforcement institutions. The author also notes as important that during operational activities, in the process of determination of the truth, officers have not only to help in the reproduction of the facts, but also to try to achieve the truthfulness of the evidence. Because of applying, psychological techniques of operational investigative psychology create conditions for acquisition of correct and complete information about facts, particular events being of interest to law enforcement institutions ensuring necessary impact on persons who intentionally want to hide the truth and often forward false information. Therefore, the acquisition of psychological knowledge in the operational and investigative activities is a necessity for law enforcement institutions.
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44

Broomé, Rodger E. "The Lived-Experience of Leading a Successful Police Vehicle Pursuit: A Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Inquiry." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 44, no. 2 (2013): 220–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691624-12341256.

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Abstract Police vehicle pursuits are inherently dangerous, rapidly evolving, and require police coordination to safely stop and arrest the suspect. Interviews of three US police officers were conducted and the descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used to analyze their naïve accounts of their lived-experiences. The psychological constituents of the experience of leading a successful chase and capture of a fleeing criminal found are: (1) Alert to Possible Car Chase, (2) Suspect Identified, (3) Anxiety and Excitement About the Chase, (4) Awareness of Primary Chase Role, (5) Radio Coordination with Others to Take Actions to Stop the Suspect, (6) Ongoing Evaluation of Chase Situation and Persistence, (7) Reading the Suspect’s Driving Behaviors, (8) Car Chase Transition to a Coordinated Physical Capture, and (9) Making Sense of the Experience Through Inquiry. Insights garnered from this study may be useful to police, policy makers, trainers and others interested in emergency and crisis decision-making.
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45

Salmi, Satu, Marinus J. M. Voeten, and Esko Keskinen. "Relation between police image and police visibility." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 10, no. 6 (November 2000): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1298(200011/12)10:6<433::aid-casp576>3.0.co;2-z.

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46

Meadows, Robert J. "Police training strategies and the role perceptions of police recruits." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 1, no. 2 (October 1985): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02823248.

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47

Murphy, Jennifer, and Brenda Russell. "Police Officers’ addiction frameworks and policy attitudes." Addictive Behaviors 122 (November 2021): 107007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107007.

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48

Haszczak, Edyta. "The Use of Discoveries in Psychology in the Practice of Institutions: the Case of Police Psychologists. The Adaptation and the Search for New Solutions." Kultura i Wartości 32 (March 30, 2022): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/kw.2021.32.225-248.

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49

Herndon, James S. "A Force for Law and Order." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 9, no. 3 (September 2016): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.52.

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Much of police psychology over the past 50 years or so has been clinically focused. The role and function of the industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologist within the context of law enforcement was highlighted by Lefkowitz (1977), and in the years since, the contributions of I-O psychology applied to law enforcement issues have become increasingly valued. It is, therefore, appreciated that Ruggs et al. (2016) offer suggestions for how I-O psychologists might get involved in addressing some of the current hot spots in police work.
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Sianturi, Jon Efendi, Marlina Marlina, and Taufik Siregar. "Politik Hukum Pidana Terhadap Penanganan Tindak Pidana Pencurian dengan Kekerasan yang Terjadi di Jalanan Kota Medan." ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum 2, no. 1 (May 2, 2020): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/arbiter.v2i1.123.

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Abstract:
The occurrence of a crime generally occurs due to causes outside the law. The problem in this research is to find the cause of criminal theft with street violence in Medan city. Applying the formulation of Criminal Political Law Policy to the Crime of theft with Violence on the streets and knowing the effort to overcome the crime of theft with street violence in Medan City by Medan City Police Resort. The research method used is the normative juridical method, with the leper approach (library reseacrh) that collects the data source from literature literature. Factors causing violent crime in Medan City can be categorized of psychology of the perpetrator, external factors composed of environment, economy, victims. Efforts made by the Medan City Police Officers in Countering Crimes of Violence, Creating Police Stations as Public Complaints Facility
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