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Journal articles on the topic 'Police subcultures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Tapia, Mike. "Modern Chicano Street Gangs: Ethnic Pride Versus “Gangsta” Subculture." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 41, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986319858966.

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This article examines the subcultural characteristics of modern Chicano street gangs, using San Antonio, Texas, as a case study. It is informed by archival material, police data, and multifaceted fieldwork with gang members and police in that city. The result is a broad sweeping analysis of the role of various social forces in shaping the form of contemporary Chicano gangs. I find that gang migration, the social mimicry of Black gangs, and the weakening of ethnic pride have all profoundly affected modern street gang subculture. However, ethnic pride norms have not completely faded away, presenting an interesting bifurcation among modern Chicano gangs. Profiling the most violent and reputable gangs from the early 1990s to 2015 in San Antonio drives this analysis of barrio longevity versus cultural succession. This study concludes that there are “period effects” that are not well accounted for in the current literature on youth gang subcultures.

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2

Fatsis, Lambros. "Grime: Criminal subculture or public counterculture? A critical investigation into the criminalization of Black musical subcultures in the UK." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659018784111.

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This article sets out to (re-)introduce Black urban musical subcultures as valuable forms of creativity and public expression in an attempt to resist, criticize and expose their criminalization by the London Metropolitan Police. Focusing primarily on grime, a host of unfair and illegitimate practices adopted by the London Metropolitan Police will be discussed. This will demonstrate how the routine monitoring, surveillance and curtailment of Black people’s public identity (re)produces stereotypical associations of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups with violent, criminal and problematic behaviour. In order to challenge openly discriminatory attitudes towards Black urban cultural forms by the police, a counterargument which calls for their understanding as viable sources of positive and constructive public engagement will be offered.

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3

Rose, Trina, and Prabha Unnithan. "In or out of the group? Police subculture and occupational stress." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 38, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2014-0111.

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Purpose – Policing is associated with a pronounced occupational subculture. Policing is also known for physical and mental stressors that are, arguably, more than other professions. The purpose of this paper is to hypothesize that those police officers who perceive themselves as not a part of the subculture (i.e. “out-group”) would experience more occupational stress in comparison to those who perceive themselves as a part of it (i.e. “in-group”). Design/methodology/approach – The authors use data from the Work and Family Services for Law Enforcement Personnel in the US survey (Delprino, 1997) and OLS regression to assess the direct association between officers’ perceptions of policing subculture membership and occupational stress. Findings – Results support the hypothesis, with in-group officers reporting significantly less occupational stress than out-group officers. This finding holds, with slight variations, when demographic and experiential variables are introduced as controls. Research limitations/implications – Findings are from an earlier survey and based on responses from 1,632 officers in 51 agencies. They are geographically limited. Practical implications – The importance of the protective function of subculture needs to be taken into account when attempting to deal with police stress. Social implications – This study provides ideas on how departments can utilize occupational subcultures to deal with the stress experienced by members. Originality/value – The relationship between police subculture and stress has not been examined empirically before. This study documents the positive impact of police subculture in terms of helping members deal with stress.

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4

Fellmeth, Aaron Xavier. "Comparing U.S. and European police subcultures: A field study." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 19, no. 2 (September 1995): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1995.9678547.

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5

Jablonowski, Lara. "Healthy organizational culture – healthy employees? Effectiveness of organizational culture on perceived health of German police officers." International Journal of Police Science & Management 19, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355717716680.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on individual perceived health of the factors organizational culture, working conditions, physical and mental health, and presenteeism, as moderated by lifestyle factors. A detailed comparison was made between the uniformed police division and the criminal investigation department to explore their perceptions of the supportiveness of their subcultures, working conditions and perceived health. Survey responses, obtained through an online questionnaire, from 258 officers from German police forces showed significant differences in perception. Uniformed officers evaluated their working conditions more positively compared with officers from the criminal investigation department, resulting in a more positively rated perceived health for the uniformed police division. Results showed that the more a police organizational culture fostered their subcultures and health-enhancing working conditions, the higher the perceived physical and mental health. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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6

Dray-Novey, Alison. "Spatial Order and Police in Imperial Beijing." Journal of Asian Studies 52, no. 4 (November 1993): 885–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059343.

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Historians and sociologists often treat the appearance of uniformed, armed, and bureaucratically organized police as one of the effects of industrialization. Because Europe and America had few cities of great size before the Industrial Revolution, we often have failed to separate the impact of urbanization from that of industrialization.The data from China, on the other hand, suggest that city police forces are rooted in the social effects of population concentration with or without industrialization. In particular, the dynamics of a large, dense, and heterogeneous population produce an increased number of urban subcultures, and the potential for constant conflict among them leads to growth of the territorial arrangement that sociologists call spatial order.

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Linnemann, Travis, and Bill McClanahan. "From ‘filth’ and ‘insanity’ to ‘peaceful moral watchdogs’: Police, news media, and the gang label." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659016647435.

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This paper engages the cultural politics of criminal classifications by aiming at one of the state’s most powerful, yet ambiguous markers—the ‘gang.’ Focusing on the unique cases of ‘crews’ and collectives within the ‘straight edge’ and ‘Juggalo’ subcultures, this paper considers what leads members of the media and police to construct—or fail to construct—these street collectives as gangs in a seemingly haphazard and disparate fashion. Juxtaposing media, cultural, and police representations of straight edge ‘crews’ and Juggalo collectives with the FBI’s Gang Threat Assessment, we detail how cultural politics and ideology underpin the social reality of gangs and thus the application of the police power. This paper, furthermore, considers critical conceptualizations of the relationship between police and criminal gangs.

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8

Giulianotti, Richard. "Participant Observation and Research into Football Hooliganism: Reflections on the Problems of Entrée and Everyday Risks." Sociology of Sport Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.12.1.1.

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This paper discusses the author’s fieldwork experiences while initiating and undertaking substantive participant observation research with two rival groups of Scottish football hooligans (“football casuals”). Key problems examined are those that emerge from attempted entrée into the hooligan subcultures and the everyday risks of comparative research with violent fans. The author provides regular illustrations to highlight how dangers such as the researcher’s personal characteristics, lack of guiding sociological literature, and interaction with police officers can threaten the urban ethnographic project. The resultant ambivalence of some research subjects toward the author is interpreted as one reason for minimizing the prospect of his “going native.”

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9

Lynes, Adam, Craig Kelly, and Emma Kelly. "THUG LIFE: Drill music as a periscope into urban violence in the consumer age." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa011.

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Abstract This paper seeks to develop an understanding of interpersonal violence within an urban landscape. An increase in violent crime has garnered intense media attention with drill—an emerging subgenre of hip hop—being sighted by media outlets as a causal factor for the rise in gang-related violence. Within this perspective, the Metropolitan Police took action, which affirmed this narrative. This paper seeks to refute such simplistic discussions of interpersonal violence whilst recognizing the opportunity such notions pose for academics to utilize knowledge of subcultures to explore possible insights into the wider understanding of violence and capitalism.

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10

Mytrunec, Michael. "Canadian Narcotics Policy: A Relic of Settler Colonialism." Political Science Undergraduate Review 4, no. 1 (April 21, 2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur108.

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In this paper, I examine the formation and enforcement of Canadian narcotics policy through the lens of settler colonialism. By examining the rationale for Canadian policies towards opium, cannabis, and quat, I challenge the notion that public health and safety played a material role the formation of Canadian narcotics policy. Rather, racialized targeting of minority groups was a key driver for creating laws to prohibit certain narcotics and incidentally target undesirable subcultures. Evidence that punitive and enforcement-oriented strategies for controlling narcotic drugs are ineffective have frequently been met by the continuation of these very strategies, further undermining the stated purposes for enacting strict drug laws. Language of “law and order” and the propensity to crack down on drug users, coupled with racial profiling and police biases, has continued the disproportionate racial impacts of drug laws, and the successes of narcotics policy in entrenching the status quo have outweighed their failures in reducing drug consumption. I conclude that, as it exists currently, Canadian narcotics policy is inseparable from Canada’s past as a settled, colonial nation-state.

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Stallwitz, Anke. "Love & hate in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver: features of an unusual drug scene." Drugs and Alcohol Today 21, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-12-2020-0081.

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Purpose According to conventional research and political conceptions, illicit drug scenes are often characterised by cultures of crime, violence and deceit and customarily met by repressive law enforcement. However, a growing body of research demonstrates the very diverse nature of drug subcultures. This paper aims to explore this diversity and thereby investigates the psychosocial and socio-spatial features people selling and/or using drugs in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver (DTES) attribute to the local drug scene. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 persons with drug selling and/or using experiences in the DTES. Interviews were analysed and interpreted according to grounded theory. Findings Participants represent the social fabric of the DTES drug scene as comprising complexly interwoven facets and structures including frequent, brutal violence on the one hand and sincere, heart-rending compassion, care and even love on the other. Originality/value Police and social and health services can cooperate constructively with the overriding aim of individual and social harm reduction. Thereby, the existing social network and prosocial orientations of a drug scene can be used in effective approaches such as participatory policy strategies and peer-driven interventions.

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12

Milloshi, Marjeta. "Sociological Analysis of the Roots of Crime in the Family. (Case Study in Durres)." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p143-148.

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In the area of Ex Keneta Durres after 90' was populated by rural residents coming from other provinces. It is a poor area, an informal area in construction and employment of residents. Not all residents are integrated in social life.Analysis of this study aims to study crime and domestic violence by first polidimension all related factors to explain the social roots of crime in families.Domestic crime is one of the social problems in our country. Statistical data for the City of Durres speak for counting crimes increased violence, and also show that the family is getting "dangerous place" of crime. The focus of the study is the overall situation of social, economic, cultural, emotional, psychological, former residents of the swamp. Factors which are sources that generate domestic violence or crimes in the family. In the area of Ex Keneta Durres in july of 2004 with the decision of the Municipal Council of Durres was approved as the new administrative unit , comprising Region No. 6 The area of Ex Keneta is a new residential area , increase the number of arrivals from day to day. in this structure combines elements of various subcultures. The analysis aims at studying the social roots of crime that will be done from the perspective of theoretical paradigms. It also focuses on the role of the state and other agencies to create socialization-economic stability, but also to create conditions for "mental health" of citizens. Social problems of contemporary society have their roots in the past, the consequences in the present and in the future. The importance of the study appear in several elements: -A heterogeneity area residents coming from different provinces have different subcultures. -An area dominated traditional families with a large number of members, with some garland. -Domestic Relations built on customary mentality. -An area where there is fragmentation of families as the result of immigration. "The comunication matrix" is very imported in the socilism of the family mambers.For the realization of this study i have selected qualitative methods,such as:free intervists,structured. The study data are based on some searching methods: Quantitative methods,qualitative; Structured interviews; Official data from the Police Departament of Durres; The review of printed media; Survey 200.

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Dulin, Adam, and Linda Dulin. "Police subcultural influences on the transfer of training." International Journal of Police Science & Management 22, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355720947748.

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This research assessed subcultural impacts on police motivation to learn and transfer new knowledge to the field by deploying a novel survey instrument, the Police Learning Environment Inventory (PLEI). Surveys were issued to 119 police officers in the southwest and northeast regions of the U.S. Subsequent statistical analyses, employing Ridge and Lasso regression, revealed that various dimensions of police subculture can impact police motivation to learn and apply new knowledge. However, two such dimensions, Innovation and Bureaucratic, were significant in all the statistical modelling. Innovation displayed a consistent and positive relationship with respondent motivation to learn and transfer training. Conversely, the Bureaucratic dimension was negatively associated with this motivation.

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14

Kesetovic, Zelimir. "Professional police subculture." Socioloski pregled 35, no. 1-2 (2001): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg0101115k.

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15

HERBERT, STEVE. "POLICE SUBCULTURE RECONSIDERED." Criminology 36, no. 2 (May 1998): 343–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01251.x.

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16

Fedyk, Lidiia. "Forms of counteraction to the youth subcultural movement in the USSR in the 1940s-1960: historical and legal aspect." Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, no. 10(22) (December 29, 2020): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.10.22.99-109.

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Goal. The aim of the study is to analyze the main forms and methods of counteraction of the state and society in the USSR to the youth subcultural movement in 1940-1960. The method covers a set of methods and logical sequence of their use, which was determined by issues and features of historical and legal research. Methods. The use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and abstraction allowed to empirically study the youth subculture in 1940 - 1960's. Historical and legal method allowed to consider the youth subculture as a phenomenon of a particular era, taking into account the influence of economic, social and ideological factors. The comparative law method in our study was useful for comparing the measures applied to the youth subculture by party, youth organizations, law enforcement agencies and educational institutions. Results. The study found that the youth subcultural movement in the USSR was heterogeneous. It was found that, despite the apolitical nature of the movement, within the Cold War and confrontation with the West, it was seen as a threat to the existing social order and contrary to official ideology. This created the preconditions for combating it, which were carried out with the involvement of the party and Komsomol apparatuses. Scientific novelty. It was established that the main forms of struggle against the youth subcultural movement were extrajudicial, which provided for moral pressure, expulsion from the Komsomol, an educational institution, deprivation of a scholarship, and public humiliation. Practical significance. It is that the main provisions and conclusions set out in the study can be used: 1) in research related to the study of the features and legal principles of the repressive policy of the Soviet government; 2) in the educational process, during the teaching of sections relating to the state and legal development of Central and Eastern Europe.

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17

Chan, Janet. "Racial Profiling and Police Subculture." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 53, no. 1 (January 2011): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.53.1.75.

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Кузьмина and Alena Kuzmina. "The teenage subculture in the work of police officers." Applied psychology and pedagogy 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18800.

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The article is devoted the analysis of possibilities of the specific subculture of a teenager in police activity. The identified psychological characteristics of puberty, defined the characteristics of the adolescent subculture, graffiti is considered as an element of the subculture of the teen, identified the need to study adolescent subculture, including graffiti by police officers working directly with minors. During the questionnaire survey identified areas that need more focus for training: 1)about the peculiarities of the psychology of teenagers and the impact of crises on his behavior; 2) about modern teenage subculture, including criminal, sources of its formation and measures; 3) the mechanisms of formation of deviant behavior in adolescents;4) the interaction with public and state organizations (Ministry of education, Ministry of Health and so on). The analysis allows us to understand the role of knowledge about the subculture of teenage for police officers working directly with minors. This knowledge can tell him how to behave, what methods to use when communicating with the child.

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Tabrani, Dedy. "Alternative of Police Style and Police Subculture: Some Early Notes." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 4, 2019): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.415.

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Given the accelerated transformation of the National Police program towards an independent, professional Polri, it basically includes aspects of bureaucratic reform in the internal environment of police institutions. because bureaucratic reform involves structuring aspects related to structure, instrumental and cultural to build the legitimacy of public trust. Indeed, the procedural principle of 'frijsermessen' should be as Jimly said above, in relation to the performance of the Police from the aspect of bureaucracy in increasing police professionalism, it should be necessary to develop it in the internal environment of the police institution. Considering that the police's performance is directly in touch with the community in the process of administrative services and law enforcement.

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Duterte, Micheline, Kristin Hemphill, Terrence Murphy, and Sheigla Murphy. "Tragic Beauties: Heroin Images and Heroin Users." Contemporary Drug Problems 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 595–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090303000304.

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We present selected findings from “An Ethnography of Young Heroin Users” concerning media and youth-subculture influences on the initiation and continuation of heroin use among young adults ages 18–25. One hundred and two male and female participants were administered depth interviews and structured questionnaires pertaining to heroin initiation and continuation practices. A number of participants mentioned media depictions of heroin and membership in specific youth cultures in relation to their own heroin use. This complex relationship between heroin use, media, and subcultures is discussed. A common theme emerged from the depth interviews of fatalistic life outlooks, which were often linked with negative childhood experiences as well as with heroin use. Some of these young addicts romanticized heroin use and the tragedy of overdose. These findings are discussed with reference to further research and possible interventions.

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21

Henry, Vincent E. "The police officer as survivor: Death confrontations and the police subculture." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 13, no. 1 (1995): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370130107.

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22

Zellmer, William A. "The culture and subcultures of pharmacy." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/49.4.841.

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23

Lim, You-Seok, Jong-Gil Kim, and Young-Hyun You. "Effects of Korean Maritime Police Subculture on Organizational Conflict." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment and Safety 22, no. 6 (October 31, 2016): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2016.22.6.688.

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Ganapathy, Narayanan, and Harry Cheong. "The “thinning” blueline: a Bourdieuian appreciation of police subculture." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 40, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2016.1206026.

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Narayanan, Ganapathy. "Theorizing police response to domestic violence in the Singaporean context: Police subculture revisited." Journal of Criminal Justice 33, no. 5 (September 2005): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.06.007.

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Subošić, Dane, and Milena Vranešević. "Police subculture and the influence of machismo on women's position in the police." Socioloski pregled 55, no. 2 (2021): 404–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg55-31770.

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The aim of this research was to establish the position of women in the police force regarding the fact that this profession is traditionally considered to be a male working environment, in which it is easy to discern the presence of "machismo". With that in mind, it was necessary to explore the attitudes, values and convictions among the members of the police force, who are a part of the police subculture. For that purpose 90 police officers - male and female, were interviewed in the Police Department in Sremska Mitrovica. The results of the empirical research show that there is an improvement in the field of integration of women in the police force. However, there are still significant differences between male and female respondents when it comes to the comprehension of the competence of women for the police work.

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Hunt, Pamela M. "From Festies to Tourrats: Examining the Relationship between Jamband Subculture Involvement and Role Meanings." Social Psychology Quarterly 71, no. 4 (December 2008): 356–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019027250807100405.

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I introduce two continuous measures of subculture involvement (ideological embeddedness and behavioral-relational involvement), and use them to examine the relationship between involvement in the jamband subculture and the affective meanings (evaluation, potency, and activity) associated with 18 roles that are relevant to that subculture. I expect the two measures of involvement to be related positively to the evaluation and potency of fourteen subculture roles (deadhead, drinker, drug user, environmentalist, festie, hippie, phishhead, rainbow person, rastafarian, raver, stoner, tourrat, vendor, wharfrat), and negatively to the evaluation and potency of four authority roles (capitalist, nark, police officer, venue security officer). Using data from self-administered surveys ( N = 418 for familiar subculture and authority roles, N = 219 for less familiar subculture roles), I find that subculture members learn meanings for relevant roles as a result of their socialization in the subculture; more specifically, as a result of their levels of ideological embeddedness and behavioral-relational involvement. This study enhances other investigations of subculture and meaning socialization. First, whereas past studies have examined between-group meaning variation, I investigate within-group meaning variation. A within-group analysis should indicate whether or not groups are heterogeneous, a finding that might reduce negative acts such as stereotyping. Second, I introduce two continuous measures designed to capture two dimensions of subculture involvement: ideological embeddedness and behavioral-relational involvement. Similar to previous conceptualizations of involvement, these two measures represent both attitudinal and behavioral involvement. Third, previous qualitative research within the related Grateful Dead subculture suggests that although not all subculture roles are equal in terms of evaluation, most subculture roles tend to be equal in potency. I further investigate this hypothesis using evaluation and potency to represent the affective meaning of roles, and I examine the implications of these findings for the jamband subculture.

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Caciagli, Mario. "La destinée de la «subculture rouge» dans le Centre-Nord de l'Italie." Politix 8, no. 30 (1995): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polix.1995.2059.

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McBRIDE, DUANE C., and CLYDE B. McCOY. "The Drugs-Crime Relationship: An Analytical Framework." Prison Journal 73, no. 3 (September 1993): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855593073003002.

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The relationship between drug use and criminal behavior has been of primary interest to researchers and practitioners for most of this century. As such, it is the purpose of this article to examine the historical underpinnings of current perceptions and to suggest an organizational paradigm for interpreting current drugs-crime literature. An overview of the literature and issues suggests that there is strong empirical evidence of the statistical overlap between drug using and criminal behavior. Further, drug use is seen as increasing and sustaining criminal behavior. However, a wide body of research suggests that drug use and crime have a complex recursive nature to their relationship, and that drug use, in spite of a long history of public perceptions, cannot be viewed as a direct and simple cause of crime. A review of subcultural, role, and ecological theory suggests that drug use and crime may emerge from the same etiological variables and become an integral part of a street-drug-using lifestyle and subculture. Radical theory argues that the drugs/crime relationship is created by social policy that makes drugs illegal. It is argued that this perspective fails to recognize the complexity of the drugs/crime relationship. The existing research suggests the need for increasing treatment availability and increasing economic opportunities within the framework of a careful review of drug policy and enforcement.

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Bellou, Victoria. "Identifying organizational culture and subcultures within Greek public hospitals." Journal of Health Organization and Management 22, no. 5 (September 5, 2008): 496–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777260810898714.

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Ren, Ling, Hongwei Zhang, Jihong Solomon Zhao, and Ruohui Zhao. "Delinquent Subculture and Juvenile Offenders’ Attitudes Toward the Police in China." Police Quarterly 19, no. 1 (September 9, 2015): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611115604450.

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Britz, Marjie T. "The police subculture and occupational socialization: Exploring individual and demographic characteristics." American Journal of Criminal Justice 21, no. 2 (March 1997): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02887446.

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Walker, Samuel. "Racial Minority and Female Employment in Policing: The Implications of “Glacial” Change." Crime & Delinquency 31, no. 4 (October 1985): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128785031004006.

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This article reviews the issues surrounding the employment of racial minorities and women by American police departments. It places particular emphasis on the extent to which slow but uneventful change forces a reconsideration of our understanding of the police. The article reviews the available data on police employment and examines the issues surrounding the factors associated with progress toward equal employment opportunity, the impact of changing employment practices on police performance, public attitudes, and the dynamics of the police subculture.

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Sarkar, Sumantra, Anthony Vance, Balasubramaniam Ramesh, Menelaos Demestihas, and Daniel Thomas Wu. "The Influence of Professional Subculture on Information Security Policy Violations: A Field Study in a Healthcare Context." Information Systems Research 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 1240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0941.

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35

Shi, Haitao. "Book review: Measuring Police Subcultural Perceptions: A Study of Frontline Police Officers in China." Criminology & Criminal Justice 18, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895817719797.

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Brown, Timothy C., Julie M. Baldwin, Rick Dierenfeldt, and Steven McCain. "Playing the Game: A Qualitative Exploration of the Female Experience in a Hypermasculine Policing Environment." Police Quarterly 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611119883423.

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Domestically and globally females continue to be underrepresented in policing, despite their greater likelihood of advancing themselves through higher education, driving organizational change, and being less likely to use excessive force or be named in civil litigation than their male counterparts. Extant research indicates that women may be effectively gated from policing by a subculture that aggrandizes characteristics consistent with the crime-fighting paradigm. Using qualitative data from in-depth interviews with female officers, this study investigates the female officer experience of police subculture in terms of masculinity, gender disparities, and sexualized activities. To understand the perceived environment of the department and contextualize it within the literature, the dominance of masculine personality traits and gender disparities within the department are first explored to determine whether a hypermasculine subculture was present. Then, female officers’ definitions of sexual harassment, their roles in these activities, and their motivations for participation were examined.

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Degeling, Pieter, David Sage, John Kennedy, Rod Perkins, and Kai Zhang. "A comparison of the impact of hospital reform on medical subcultures in some Australian and New Zealand hospitals." Australian Health Review 22, no. 4 (1999): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah990172.

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This article examines similarities and differences in the way that hospital staff in Australia and New Zealand are evaluating efforts to improve quality, clinical effectiveness and service integration, and to strengthen clinical accountability. We draw on data from a cross-national study of hospital staff in Australia and New Zealand. The results highlight the way in which respondents' views about reform are influenced by the interplay of two factors: the impact of respondents' occupational backgrounds (our findings point to differences in the profession-based subcultures of medicine, nursing and general management and the way that these are reflected in respondents' assessments of particular aspects of reform); and the way that the impact of professional subcultures may be mitigated by differences between the systems in which respondents were located, including differences between the programs of reform that have been pursued in each country. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Rigakos, George S. "Constructing the Symbolic Complainant: Police Subculture and the Nonenforcement of Protection Orders for Battered Women." Violence and Victims 10, no. 3 (January 1995): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.10.3.227.

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This exploratory study examines the effect of patriarchy on police subcultural and individual attitudes toward the enforcement of protective court orders for battered women. Police officers (N = 13) and justice officials (N = 8) in the Municipality of Delta were interviewed for their opinions on the efficacy of both Criminal Code peace bonds and Family Relations Act (R.S.B.C., amended 1986) civil restraining orders. Interview data suggest that both protective orders are rarely treated seriously by the police or the courts. It is argued that the occupational culture of the police leads to exaggerated patriarchal notions of women, marriage, and family that are conservative; blame the victim; point the finger at other institutions; foster images of women as manipulative; and produce a fictitious narrative of battered women.

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Micucci, Anthony J., and Ian M. Gomme. "American police and subcultural support for the use of excessive force." Journal of Criminal Justice 33, no. 5 (September 2005): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.06.002.

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Crow, Matthew S., and Marc Gertz. "Sentencing policy and disparity: Guidelines and the influence of legal and democratic subcultures." Journal of Criminal Justice 36, no. 4 (August 2008): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.06.004.

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Degeling, P., J. Kennedy, and M. Hill. "Mediating the Cultural Boundaries between Medicine, Nursing and Management—the Central Challenge in Hospital Reform." Health Services Management Research 14, no. 1 (February 2001): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148480101400105.

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This paper documents the resilience of medical and nursing profession-based subcultures and the extent of the differences between them. Against this background, we assess the capacity and willingness of medical and nursing managers to promote changes that will extend the accountability of clinicians and engender more evidence-based, financially driven and output-oriented approaches to service delivery.

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Degeling, P., J. Kennedy, and M. Hill. "Mediating the cultural boundaries between medicine, nursing and management - the central challenge in hospital reform." Health Services Management Research 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0951484011912519.

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This paper documents the resilience of medical and nursing profession-based subcultures and the extent of the differences between them. Against this background, we assess the capacity and willingness of medical and nursing managers to promote changes that will extend the accountability of clinicians and engender more evidence-based, financially driven and output-oriented approaches to service delivery.

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Holt, Thomas J., Joshua D. Freilich, and Steven M. Chermak. "Exploring the Subculture of Ideologically Motivated Cyber-Attackers." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 33, no. 3 (April 4, 2017): 212–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986217699100.

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Research on physical, that is, violent, terror attacks and extremism has increased dramatically over the last decade. The growth of the Internet and computer technology has also led to concern over the use of cyberattacks by ideologically motivated offenders to cause harm and further their political and social agendas. There is, however, a lack of empirical research on cyber-attackers limiting our knowledge of the factors that affect their behavior. This study addresses this empirical gap through a qualitative analysis of 10 interviews conducted with ideologically motivated Turkish computer hackers. The findings demonstrated that Turkish hackers motivated by an ideological agenda reflected the larger values of the hacker subculture, though the targets for their attacks were shaped directly by religious or political beliefs. We conclude by discussing in depth our findings and implications for counterterror and cybersecurity policy and practice.

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Lester, David, and Antoon A. Leenaars. "Is There a Regional Subculture of Firearm Violence in Canada?" Medicine, Science and the Law 38, no. 4 (October 1998): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249803800407.

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A study in Canada of the accidental death rate from firearms, and of suicide and homicide rates by firearms and by all other methods, for the period 1975–85, indicated that the rates were positively associated with one another. The results were interpreted using a subcultural theory of violence, and the social policy implications of the results were discussed.

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Lee, O.-Joun, Heelim Hong, Eun-Soon You, and Jin-Taek Kim. "Discovering Social Desires and Conflicts from Subculture Narrative Multimedia." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 10241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410241.

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This study aims at discovering social desires and conflicts from subculture narrative multimedia. Since one of the primary purposes in the subculture consumption is vicarious satisfaction, the subculture works straightforwardly describe what their readers want to achieve and break down. The latent desires and conflicts are useful for understanding our society and realizing smart governance. To discover the social issues, we concentrate on that each subculture genre has a unique imaginary world that consists of inventive subjects. We suppose that the subjects correspond to individual social issues. For example, game fiction, one of the popular genres, describes a world like video games. Under game systems, everyone gets the same results for the same efforts, and it can be interpreted as critics for the social inequality issue. Therefore, we first extract subjects of genres and measure the membership degrees of subculture works for each genre. Using the subjects and membership degrees, we build a genealogy tree of subculture genres by tracing their evolution and differentiation. Then, we extract social issues by searching for the subjects that come from the real world, not imaginary. If a subculture work criticizes authoritarianism, it might include subjects such as government officials and bureaucrats. A combination of the social issues and genre genealogy tree will show diachronic changes in our society. We have evaluated the proposed methods by extracting social issues reflected in Korean web novels.

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Lane, Jodi, and James W. Meeker. "Subcultural Diversity and the Fear of Crime and Gangs." Crime & Delinquency 46, no. 4 (October 2000): 497–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128700046004005.

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Fear and gangs were two of the most important factors driving crime policy in the 1990s. Policy makers and the media blamed gangs for much of the violence occurring across the nation and for public fear. This article examines fear of crime and gangs in Orange County, California, as measured by a randomized survey of 1,223 respondents conducted in 1995 by The Orange County Register newspaper. The authors find that the factors predicting fear of crime and fear of gangs are different. In addition, they find that concern about subcultural diversity is a strong predictor of both types of fear.

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Carlström, Eric, and Lars-Eric Olsson. "The association between subcultures and resistance to change – in a Swedish hospital clinic." Journal of Health Organization and Management 28, no. 4 (August 18, 2014): 458–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-09-2012-0184.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the different subcultures and the employees’ preparedness for change at an orthopaedic clinic in a university hospital in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach – Surveys were sent out to 179 nurses and physicians. The survey included the two instruments Organisational Values Questionnaire and resistance to change (RTC) Scale. Findings – The results suggest a dominance of a human relations culture, i.e. flexibility, cohesion and trust, in the orthopaedic clinic. These characteristics seemed to decrease RTC. Opposite to this, planning, routines and goal setting appeared to increase change-resistant behaviour. Practical implications – By predicting potential obstacles in a certain context prior to a change process, resources can be used in a more optimal way. An instrument that pinpoints the culture of a particular healthcare setting may be a useful tool in order to anticipate the possible outcome of change. Originality/value – The rational goal/internal processes dimension exerted a stronger association with RTC than in earlier studies. Deeply rooted standards and routinised care models, governed by work schedules, could be an obstacle to introducing a care model based on the individual needs of the patient. There was, however, a surprisingly low RTC. The results are contrary to the accepted understanding of public organisations known to be slow to change.

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Rhew, Soohyeon. "A Study on Costumes of Subcultural Communities expressed in American Police Procedurals." Journal of Communication Design 73 (October 31, 2020): 585–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.25111/jcd.2020.73.42.

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Smaal, Yorick. "Coding Desire: The Emergence of a Homosexual Subculture in Queensland, 1890–1914." Queensland Review 14, no. 2 (July 2007): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600006590.

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Dropsy is a puff. It is not the first time he has done it. I can bring a witness who will swear that he got ten bob from a black fellow that stuffed him. I knew what he wanted when he went up the stairs so I followed him … there are plenty of others in Brisbane who do it besides us mob, so I am not the first.— Conversation between Albert McNamara and Police Constable Lipp, Brisbane, 1905

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Hallett, Michael, and Dennis Powell. "Backstage with “Cops”: the dramaturgical reification of police subculture in American crime “info‐tainment”." American Journal of Police 14, no. 1 (April 1995): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07358549510799116.

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