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Varnis, Steven L. "Policy and performance in ethiopia." Society 25, no. 6 (1988): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02695773.
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Egne, Robsan Margo. "Gender Equality in Public Higher Education Institutions of Ethiopia: The Case of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics." Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 5, no. 1 (2014): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2014-0001.
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Abstract Ensuring gender equality in higher education system is high on the agenda worldwide particularly in science disciplines. This study explores the problems and prospects of gender equality in public higher education institutions of Ethiopia, especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Descriptive survey and analytical research methods were used in the study. Subjects of the study consisted of university instructors, higher education institutions gender affairs officers, and female students. Gender-related policy documents were also used as sources of data. Questionnaire, interviews, and documents analyses were employed as tools of data collection. The data were analysed using mixed methods. The study revealed a serious under representation of female students in science disciplines in the contemporary Ethiopian public higher learning institutions. The paper discusses both the core factors that discourage women from pursuing sciences and suggestions which may assist them join and succeed in sciences.
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Ibrahima, Aissetu Barry. "Exploring Maternal Health in Ethiopia Using Indigenous Approaches: Policy and Practice Implications." Research on Social Work Practice 31, no. 4 (2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731520984829.
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The World Health Organization reports reveal that the average risk of dying from pregnancy-related causes in sub-Saharan Africa is about 1 in 45 compared to 1 in 5,400 in high-income countries. In Ethiopia, maternal mortality remains a tremendous problem. Several studies associate the high maternal mortality ratio to the widespread practice of home birth, household income, and lack of transportation. Absent from the findings of these studies is any discussion of the sociocultural contexts that might influence maternal health service utilization. Birthing bears cultural significance accompanied by rituals. Thus, any solution to maternal health problems must consider the sociocultural and grassroots context. It is important to learn the needs and priorities of the mothers who are targets of maternal health policies. Using Indigenous approaches, this study examines the gaps in Ethiopian maternal health policies and programs. The study also identifies culturally relevant solutions that address the needs of communities.
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VILLUMSTAD, STEIN, and BARBARA HENDRIE. "New Policy Directions in Disaster Preparedness and Response in Ethiopia." Disasters 17, no. 2 (1993): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb01139.x.
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Alwang, Jeffrey. "Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia: Progress and Policy Challenges." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 95, no. 5 (2013): 1366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aat046.
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Lalor, Kevin J. "The victimization of juvenile prostitutes in Ethiopia." International Social Work 43, no. 2 (2000): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280004300208.
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This article quantifies the victimization experienced by 30 juvenile prostitutes in Addis Ababa. Of these, 73 percent had been raped at least once and 93 percent had been beaten in the course of their work. Only 50 percent used contraception, resulting in a pregnancy rate of 37 percent. Findings indicate that prostitution is a lifestyle highly conducive to victimization, fostered by conditions of extreme deprivation. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
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El Kenawy, A. M., M. F. McCabe, S. M. Vicente-Serrano, J. I. López-Moreno, and S. M. Robaa. "Changes in the frequency and severity of hydrological droughts over Ethiopia from 1960 to 2013." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 42, no. 1 (2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.2931.
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Here we present an analysis of drought occurrence and variability in Ethiopia, based on the monthly precipitation data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU-v3.22) over the period from 1960 to 2013. The drought events were characterized by means of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) applied to precipitation data at a temporal scale of 12 months. At the national scale, the results reveal a statistically significant decrease in the severity of droughts over the 54-year period, a pattern that is mostly attributed to a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of high intensity drought episodes (i.e., extreme and very extreme droughts), compared to moderate droughts. To assess the general patterns of drought evolution, a principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the SPI series. PCA results indicate a high spatial heterogeneity in the SPI variations over the investigated period, with ten different spatially well-defined regions identified. These PCA components accounted for 72.9% of the total variance of drought in the region. These regions also showed considerable differences in the temporal variability of drought, as most of the regions exhibited an increase in wetness conditions in recent decades. In contrast, the regions that receive less than 400 mm of annual precipitation showed a declining trend, with the largest changes occurring over Afar region. Generally, the highly elevated regions over the central Ethiopian Highlands showed the weakest changes, compared to the lowlands. This study confirms the local character of drought evolution over Ethiopia, providing evidence for policy makers to adopt appropriate local policies to cope with the risks of drought. Over Ethiopia, the detailed spatial assessment of drought evolution is required for a better understanding of the possible impacts of recurrent drought on agriculture, food production, soil degradation, human settlements and migrations, as well as energy production and water resources management across Ethiopia.
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JONES, STEPHEN. "Food Security Reserve Policy in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Experience and Implications." Disasters 18, no. 2 (1994): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00295.x.
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Kassie, Girma T., Rahel Solomon Wubie, Simla Tokgoz, Fahd Majeed, Mulugeta Yitayih, and Barbara Rischkowsky. "Policy-induced price distortions along the small ruminant value chains in Ethiopia." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 9, no. 3 (2019): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-02-2018-0024.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify sources and quantifying distortions to agricultural incentives to produce along the small ruminant value chains in Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach National and district level average nominal rate of protection (NRPs) were computed for a five-year period (2010–2015). The authors developed four scenarios based on combinations of the different data generation processes employed in relation to each of the key variables. Findings The NRPs at farm gate and retail market for both sheep and goats are negative indicating a strong deviation of producer and retailer prices from the comparable export prices over the five-year period. Policy induced distortions were separated from market inefficiencies through use of data on access costs throughout the value chain. These access costs are positive and significant in value. It is clear that market inefficiencies are also due to government policy to a certain extent. Research limitations/implications This study focuses only on sheep and goat value chains and covers only five-year period. This certainly limits the extrapolability of the results. Originality/value This study presents the extent to which smallholder livestock keepers are discouraged through disincentives in a unique context. This is the first study done on small ruminant value chains in the developing world.
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Kifle, Zemene Demelash, Abebe Basazn Mekuria, Demssie Ayalew Anteneh, and Engidaw Fentahun Enyew. "Self-medication Practice and Associated Factors among Private Health Sciences Students in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia. A Cross-sectional Study." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211005188.
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Self-medication is the most common practice worldwide and it may lead to irrational use of drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication practice and its associated factors among health science students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 health science students in Gondar town. The data regarding self-medication practice and its associated factors were collected using a face-to-face interview on a structured questionnaire. SPSS −24 was used for data analysis and explained with univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with self-medication practice (sex, age, religion, marital status, residence, department, year of study, monthly income, access to pharmacy, and peer/family pressure). A total of 554 students responded to the questionnaire with a response rate of 92.3%. Out of 554 respondents, 78.2% were practiced self-medication. Headache/fever 37.88% (n = 164) was reported as the most common complaint to practice self-medication. Among the reasons for self-medication practice, similarity of symptoms with past illness 33.49% (n = 145) was the most frequently reported. In current study, Females (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.55, 6.25), Muslim followers (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.30, 5.91), Protestant followers (AOR = 4.25, 95% CI = 1.38, 13.07), pharmacy students (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.97, 9.30), clinical nursing students (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.87, 14.48), monthly income (>500ETB) (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.12, 5.56), distance of health institution (<30 min) (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.39, 5.61), and accessibility of pharmacy (AOR = 4.85, 95% CI = 2.08, 11.29) were the independent predictors of self-medication practice. Self-medication is common in health science students in Gondar town. Health professionals should educate students on the risks and benefits of self-medication to encourage responsible self-medication. National guidelines on medicine access should be developed and strong measures should be implemented to halt the selling of medications without a proper prescription.
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Gebre, Yntiso. "Resettlement and the Unnoticed Losers: Impoverishment Disasters among the Gumz in Ethiopia." Human Organization 62, no. 1 (2003): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.62.1.4ava5ykea9p0vk10.
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Policy makers, funding agencies, and researchers often overlook the implications of resettlement for host populations. Settlers and refugees usually receive aid, research coverage, and policy attention, while the plight of the host people remains largely unnoticed. The 1980s resettlement program in the Metekel lowlands of Ethiopia is a case in point. This program contributed to the impoverishment of the host population--the Gumz--and caused unexpected changes in their survival strategies and customary practices. In this article, I argue that during massive resettlements, the host people, particularly powerless communities, are likely to encounter displacement and impoverishment similar to that of relocatees. Therefore, the analytical categories and models used to understand the situation of settlers can also be employed to examine the experiences of the hosts.
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Gebrehiwot, Kidanemariam Gebregziabher. "The impact of agricultural extension on households’ welfare in Ethiopia." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 8 (2015): 733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2014-0088.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the Integrated Household Extension Program (IHEP) on participant households’ welfare and see the policy effectiveness. The government of Ethiopia – in contrast to the majority of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa – invests heavily in agricultural extension but very little empirical evidence is available on the impact of the services on farm performance and household welfare that could justify these investments. The IHEP program is a particularly interesting case as it is an example on how agricultural extension systems in developing countries changed during the past two decades, from centralized top-down technology-transfer-orientated approaches to decentralized, participatory and more integrated approaches. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use household survey data from 730 farm households (361 treated and 369 control) in the Tigray region of Ethiopia and propensity score matching methods to estimate the impact. Findings – The authors find that the extension program had a large positive impact on household welfare – increasing income with about 10 percent – and on investment but have not impacted on income diversification. In addition to the main variable of interest (extension), household characteristics, such as household head age, gender, adult labor availability in the household, asset holdings and social capital variables were found to have an influence on income, investment and income diversification. Originality/value – The paper has tried to assess the impact of a program which claiming substantial public money using primary data. Hence, the findings will serve to inform policy makers as how the program is running.
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Weldearegay, Haftom Gebrehiwot, Araya Abrha Medhanyie, Mulugeta Woldu Abrha, et al. "Quality of Kangaroo Mother Care services in Ethiopia: Implications for policy and practice." PLOS ONE 14, no. 11 (2019): e0225258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225258.
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Kumsa, Marema Jebessa, Bizuayehu Nigatu Lemu, and Teklehaimanot Mezgebe Nguse. "Lack of pocket money impacts Ethiopian undergraduate health science students learning activities." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243634.
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Background The cost of university presents various challenges with regards to students’ daily learning activities. This is particularly evident in developing countries, where higher education students face acute financial problems that greatly affect their daily educational activities. In Ethiopia, public university students do benefit from governmental cost-sharing programs. Moreover, health sciences students have additional costs during their clinical placements that are above the common expenses for university students. Objectives Authors aim to explore the challenges that undergraduate health sciences students in their clinical year face with limited pocket money, as well as how students perceive these limited funds affecting their learning activities and their ability to meet challenges. Methods This descriptive qualitative study was conducted at the Department of Medical Radiologic Technology, College of Health Sciences, at Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. Interviews were conducted between January 28, 2019 and February 1, 2019 with twelve students; and only ten participants were included in the study. The semi-structured questions explored participants’ experiences and perceptions regarding the challenges of a lack of pocket money and its impacts on their learning activities. Their reaction to financial challenges was assessed. Results Four themes that are related to the impact of a lack of money on learning activities emerged from our interviews. First, students believed that their difficulty in obtaining pocket money from family or other funding sources contributed to their financial stress, which negatively impacted their learning. Moreover, their difficulty in affording the basic needs for a student greatly affected their learning abilities in the classroom as well as in their clinical placements. The ability to self-manage was also a significant concern for students, with the pressure to use self-control and proper money management adding to their financial stress. Lastly, students observed that the lack of pocket money affected their ability to make social connections at university, which they saw as negatively impacting their learning abilities. Conclusion Ethiopian undergraduate health sciences students faced many challenges due to the lack of pocket money and these challenges affected student learning both directly or indirectly. Based on our data, we believe that the underlying causes of student financial hardship can be addressed by increasing public awareness of university expenses, clarifying the cost-sharing system to the public, redesigning the cost-sharing policy, and improving university services. Additionally, teaching students self-management skills is also another area that could increase student success.
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Goor, Q., C. Halleux, Y. Mohamed, and A. Tilmant. "Optimal operation of a multipurpose multireservoir system in the Eastern Nile River Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (2010): 4331–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-4331-2010.
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Abstract. The upper Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia is a largely untapped resource despite its huge potential for hydropower generation and irrigated agriculture. Controversies exist as to whether the numerous infrastructural development projects that are on the drawing board in Ethiopia will generate positive or negative externalities downstream in Sudan and Egypt. This study attempts at 1) examining the (re-)operation of infrastructures, in particular the proposed reservoirs in Ethiopia and the High Aswan Dam and 2) assessing the economic benefits and costs associated with the storage infrastructures in Ethiopia and their spatial and temporal distribution. To achieve this, a basin-wide integrated hydro-economic model has been developed. The model integrates essential hydrologic, economic and institutional components of the river basin in order to explore both the hydrologic and economic consequences of various policy options and planned infrastructural projects. Unlike most of the deterministic economic-hydrologic models reported in the literature, a stochastic programming formulation has been adopted in order to: i) understand the effect of the hydrologic uncertainty on management decisions, ii) determine allocation policies that naturally hedge against the hydrological risk, and iii) assess the relevant risk indicators. The study reveals that the development of four mega dams in the upper part of the Blue Nile Basin would change the drawdown refill cycle of the High Aswan Dam. Should the operation of the reservoirs be coordinated, they would enable an average annual saving of at least 2.5 billion m3 through reduced evaporation losses from the Lake Nasser. Moreover, the new reservoirs (Karadobi, Beko-Abo, Mandaya and Border) in Ethiopia would have significant positive impacts on hydropower generation and irrigation in Ethiopia and Sudan: at the basin scale, the annual energy generation is boosted by 38.5 TWh amongst which 14.2 TWh due to storage. Moreover, the regulation capacity of the above mentioned reservoirs would enable an increase of the Sudanese irrigated area by 5.5%.
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Tekle, Amare. "The Determinants of the Foreign Policy of Revolutionary Ethiopia." Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 3 (1989): 479–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020395.
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The Foreign policy of Ethiopia, like that of other countries, is based on certain goals and values, and determinded by the dynamic interplay of domestic and external factors. Although its formulation has been clearly influenced by Marxist concepts about the nature of society and the alignment of forces in the world, there are elements of continuity as well as change, not least because Ethiopia has maintained its core values while playing an important rôle from time to time in the international arena long before the 1974 revolution. In other words, despite a shift in orientation, the central purpose of Ethiopia's foreign policy has remained the same, and a change in style has not brought forth a change in essence. Indeed, in some respects, the exigencies of a fast-changing international environment have been more significant than the replacement of the Emperor by the Dergue. It must be stressed that Ethiopian policy has been largely rigid, with adjustments being made only in response to certain fait accomplis that were outside the control of the decision-makers.
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Portner, Brigitte. "Frames in the Ethiopian Debate on Biofuels." Africa Spectrum 48, no. 3 (2013): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971304800302.
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Biofuel production, while highly contested, is supported by a number of policies worldwide. Ethiopia was among the first sub-Saharan countries to devise a biofuel policy strategy to guide the associated demand toward sustainable development. In this paper, I discuss Ethiopia's biofuel policy from an interpretative research position using a frames approach and argue that useful insights can be obtained by paying more attention to national contexts and values represented in the debates on whether biofuel production can or will contribute to sustainable development. To this end, I was able to distinguish three major frames used in the Ethiopian debate on biofuels: an environmental rehabilitation frame, a green revolution frame and a legitimacy frame. The article concludes that actors advocating for frames related to social and human issues have difficulties entering the debate and forming alliances, and that those voices need to be included in order for Ethiopia to develop a sustainable biofuel sector.
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Lelissa, Tesfaye Boru, and Abdurezak Mohammed Kuhil. "Are Regulatory Measures Influencing Bank Performances: The Ethiopian Case." GIS Business 13, no. 5 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v13i5.3267.
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The study has explored the impact of selected regulatory variables on performances applying a panel regression on 18 commercial banks in Ethiopia for the period 1999-2015. The variables used in the model are directly derived from the extant regulatory approach used by the Central Bank to regulate the banking business. The literature review also shows that most of them are enacted in other countries with few exceptions and mainly related to bill purchase requirements. The model constructed, therefore, has established and finds a statistically significant relationship in some of the regulatory variables with performance measures. The most important findings of this study relate to the negative affect of some of the recent policy directions from the regulator on performances. For instance, branch growth and bill purchases have a statistically significant negative relationship with bank performances. This should be one of the areas requiring policy flexing from the regulatory side in the future. Nevertheless, other policy direction such as capital growth requirement remains a positive contributor to performances. More specifically, the study finds that exchange rate has a positive and statistically significant relationship with the profit models. Despite the benefit of a depreciating local currency and a stable foreign currency type to shield them from currency fluctuation, it allowed banks to earn a policy profit. The depreciation of Birr permitted banks to enjoy a profit from their foreign currency holdings in the form of daily asset revaluations. Nevertheless, many of the variables (prudential regulatory variables) used in this study (interest rate, reserve rate, number of new entrant banks, and level of entry capital) are not statistically significant to influence on bank performances.
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Labzaé, Mehdi, and Sabine Planel. "“We Cannot Please Everyone”: Contentions over Adjustment in EPRDF Ethiopia (1991–2018)." International Review of Social History 66, S29 (2021): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859021000158.
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AbstractThis article looks at how rural inhabitants navigated state power under a regime led by a former socialist party that negotiated its conversion to a market economy while keeping tight control on the whole society. In that regard, it addresses adjustment in a very specific context, by analysing a distinctive chronology, raising the ruling party's ability to negotiate with the international financial institutions, and considering popular reactions from a rural point of view. The regime led by the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) managed to delay measures of structural adjustment during the 1990s and 2000s while deepening structures of state control it partly inherited from the former military junta. Brutal structural adjustment plans were refused, while international financial institutions were kept away from the Ethiopian government's policy mix, by way of elaborate ideological and institutional arrangements. The EPRDF coined its own version of the “developmental state” and renewed state control of the economy while deepening its articulation to global markets. Under the EPRDF, all sectors of society and especially peasantries were closely monitored and mobilized in the name of development. But although the open expression of dissent remained rare, peasants resorted to many strategies to cope with political control and to some extent divert it. By taking agricultural policies as a case study, the article describes peasant practices and questions differences between resistance, false compliance, and diversion, underlining how blurred such labels can actually be.
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Yilma, Temesgen Aferu, Gebremedhin Beedemariam Gebretekle, and Teferi Gedif Fenta. "Patient Satisfaction with HIV/AIDS Services in Health Centers of East Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Health Services Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863292110031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329211003106.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a major public health, social, and economic problem in Ethiopia. Even though the government is working to scale up Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) services, patient loss to follow-up and ensuring adherence to ART regimens remain major challenges of the ART program in the country; little has also been done on the assessment of patient satisfaction on different HIV/AIDS service dimensions. This study aimed at assessing patient satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services in health centers of East Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. The study employed a cross-sectional survey between February and May 2017. Data was collected through exit interviews using five-point Likert scale-based questions and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The overall mean patient satisfaction score was 3.16 (SD = 0.87) on a 1 to 5 scale. Availability of anti-Tuberculosis (anti TB) drugs in pharmacy was an item with the highest mean satisfaction score (4.18 ± 0.61) while waiting time to get pharmacy service was ranked least by the patients (mean score of 1.92, SD = 0.81). Merchants and students were more likely to be satisfied compared to other occupational groups. Overall, there was a wider gap in the study facilities concerning patient satisfaction and, therefore, health facility managers, Zonal and Woreda health offices, and Oromia Region Health Bureau should work in collaboration with other stakeholders to improve patient satisfaction with items for which the satisfaction score was low.
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Alamirew, Bamlaku, Harald Grethe, Khalid Hassan Ali Siddig, and Tesfamicheal Wossen. "Do land transfers to international investors contribute to employment generation and local food security?" International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 12 (2015): 1121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2014-0037.
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Purpose – Like many countries in the developing world, Ethiopia has leased out a huge amount of land to foreign investors. However, empirical evidence on the contribution of international investments to employment generation and food security is limited. The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of large-scale farms to local-level food security in Bako Tibe District, Oromia Region. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data were collected from 200 randomly selected households from two purposefully selected villages in the district. Secondary data were collected from government offices and the literature. Propensity score matching was used to match households based on observable characteristics. Using the World Food Programme (WFP) approach, the food consumption score (FCS) of households was calculated. Finally, the Average Treatment effect for the Treated was determined. Findings – Findings indicate that foreign land deals increase the odds of households falling into food insecurity and that the employment opportunities are both temporal and marginal. Furthermore, these land deals result in a decline of households’ FCS and thus have a negative effect on households’ food security. Research limitations/implications – The result is based on a case study which is not generalizable to the whole of Ethiopia. Practical implications – The result implies that future endeavours should resort to substantial changes in the principles of investment as well as the design and enforcement of contracts on land transfers so that international investors can commit to objectives beyond private profit. Originality/value – It examines the effect of large-scale land transfers commonly termed as land grabbing on local food security. The paper makes an important contribution to the current policy debates regarding land grabbing in Ethiopia as research about the contribution of land deals to the food security is limited.
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Guyalo, Amanuel Kussia, Esubalew Abate Alemu, and Degefa Tolossa Degaga. "Impact of large-scale agricultural investment on the livelihood assets of local community in Gambella region, Ethiopia." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 3 (2021): 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2020-0610.
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PurposeThe Ethiopian government is promoting large-scale agricultural investment in lowland regions of the country, claiming that the investment could improve livelihoods of the local people. The outcomes of the investment, however, have been a controversial issue in public and academic discourses. Particularly, studies that quantify the impact of such investment on the asset base of local people are extremely limited. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the actual effect of the investment on the asset of the local people and inform policy decision.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a quasi-experimental research design and a mixed research approach. Data were collected from 342 households drawn through a systematic sampling technique and analysed by using multiple correspondence analysis and propensity score matching.FindingsThe study finds that the investment has a significant negative impact on the wealth status of affected households and deteriorated their asset base.Practical implicationsThe results imply that inclusive and fair business models that safeguard the benefits of the investment hosting community and encourage a strong collaboration and synergy between the community and private investors are needed.Originality/valueThis study analyses the impact of large-scale agricultural investment on the asset of affected community based on various livelihood capital. In doing so, it significantly contributes to knowledge gap in the empirical literature. It also contributes to the ongoing academic and policy debates based on actual evidence collected from local community.
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Wordofa, Muluken Gezahegn. "Are farmers in Ethiopia ready to embrace cost-sharing agricultural extension approach?" International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 9 (2019): 1119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2019-0278.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate perceptions of smallholder farmers toward the cost-sharing agricultural extension service provision. Design/methodology/approach The study used data from a cross-sectional survey, key informants interviews and focused group discussions conducted on 384 farm households from six Kebeles of Eastern Ethiopia. Findings The authors find that flexibility and credibility, ability of development agents to address neglected aspects in agricultural production, and reaching diversified groups of farmers as the perceived advantages of the cost-sharing approach. Furthermore, improved knowledge and attitude, enhanced research–extension–farmer linkages, and improved food security and poverty reduction are found to be the three most important impact areas associated with the approach. On the contrary, poor economic status of farmers, high cost of administration and absence of a clear guideline/legislation are found to be the most important constraints. The authors find that increasing farmers’ awareness about the cost-sharing approach and preparing a clear definition of the form, modalities and principles of the cost-sharing extension approach can be a part of the practical solutions to overcome the challenges. Research limitations/implications The current research is limited to the investigation of farmers’ perceptions toward paid extension services. The willingness to pay for extension services – using discrete choice experiments – is dealt with in another paper. Originality/value The first of its kind in the country, the paper tried to assess farmers’ readiness to try a new extension service delivery. The findings have important implications for policy makers and local level implementers of extension programs.
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Geleta, Esayas Bekele, Paitence Elabor-Idemudia, Carol Henry, and Nigatu Reggassa. "The Challenges of Empowering Women: The Experience of Pulse Innovation Project in Southern Ethiopia." SAGE Open 7, no. 4 (2017): 215824401773680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017736802.
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Within the last two decades, women’s empowerment has been the central theme of international development policy and practice. This article seeks to elucidate the challenges of integrating gender in a development project to empower women. Drawing on the wider literature on women’s empowerment, it constructs a framework to analyze the meaning of empowerment. The article then draws on the framework and empirical data gathered to illuminate the challenges of integrating gender in a pulse innovation project, implemented in Southern Ethiopia. The article elucidates gender hierarchies that limit the extent of women’s involvement in crop production processes. It demonstrates social and cultural factors that restrict women from fully participating in high value pulse markets and their involvement in production and exchange decision-making. It also illustrates how existing social networks, relations, and links disadvantage women. The article then recommends solutions to help facilitate the integration of gender in the project toward the empowerment of women.
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Bonnicksen, Andrea L. "Book Reviews: Alemneh - Environment, Famine, and Politics in Ethiopia: A View from the VillageAlemneh Dejene Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1990, 150 pp. US$25.95 cloth. ISBN 1-55587-240-9. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 1800 30th St., Suite 314, Boulder, CO 80301, USA." Politics and the Life Sciences 11, no. 2 (1992): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073093840001529x.
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PrécisAlthough the author is now with the World Bank, he was a research fellow at the Energy and Environmental Policy Center, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, when conducting research for this book. He focuses on the Wollo region of Ethiopia, where, as he describes it, “to Wollo peasants, famine is as familiar as their villages” (p. 69). The book is based on surveys given to peasants in the Wollo region in 1987-88, participant observation, and examination of governmental policies. Appendices contain the texts of two questionnaires. One questionnaire was designed to understand the types of environmental degradation, the peasants' reaction to it, and the peasants' strategies in times of famine. The other was given to peasants affected by the government's resettlement scheme and was designed to determine the conditions under which they lived.Alemneh (the Ethiopian family name) presents a case study documenting the ineffectiveness of governmental policies imposed from above with little consultation with the individuals most affected by the policies. He develops the theme that environmental degradation—and subsequently famine—is shaped by local and national social and political forces. He recommends alternatives throughout the book that, to be effective, must be developed with grassroots peasant participation. The government's role in a long-term solution is “central,” but the peasants must be a part of that decision making. The original survey research is a major strength of the book. Information about the observations and activities of peasants support Alemneh's message that peasant based policies are workable.
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Seri-Hersch, Iris. "CONFRONTING A CHRISTIAN NEIGHBOR: SUDANESE REPRESENTATIONS OF ETHIOPIA IN THE EARLY MAHDIST PERIOD, 1885–89." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (2009): 267a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090989.
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This article deals with the Sudanese–Ethiopian conflict (1885–89) from a Mahdist perspective, in the wider context of the European scramble for Africa. Focusing on Sudanese representations of Ethiopia as well as on the causes underlying the conflict, I confront a Mahdist chronicle of particular historiographical significance with a range of historical sources. Departing from a purely jihadist framework of analysis, I highlight various Mahdist conceptualizations of Christian Ethiopia as well as historical, political, military, and economic processes conducive to the outbreak of an armed confrontation between the two independent African states. I argue that the Sudanese ruling elite resorted to jihadist discourse as a legitimizing device rather than as an inflexible policy and examine more specific rhetoric instruments meant to justify Mahdist attitudes toward the Christian kingdom. Whereas prophetic visions were used to make the khalifa's Ethiopian policy acceptable to Mahdist eyes, the ambivalent legacy of early Muslim–Aksumite contacts was reactivated in the framework of a dialogue with the Ethiopian enemy.
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Oluma, Adugna, Muktar Abadiga, Getu Mosisa, Werku Etafa, and Ginenus Fekadu. "Food Insecurity among People Living with HIV/AIDS on ART Follower at Public Hospitals of Western Ethiopia." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8825453.
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Background. Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS are intertwined in a vicious cycle through nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways. Food insecurity is a potentially important barrier to the success of antiretroviral treatment, increased hospitalizations, and higher morbidity among HIV-infected individuals in resource-poor settings particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up at public hospitals of western Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 428 among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up at public hospitals of western Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to include all participants. Data was collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window version 21 for analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Bivariable logistic and multivariable logistic analyses were used with AOR at CI 95% and p<0.05 were used. Result. The finding of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents 221(53.1%) were female. The mean age of the respondents was 32.92±7.304 years and 197 (47.4%) of the study participants were between 30 to 39 years’ age group. The level of food insecurity among PLWHA receiving ART therapy was 68.8% which was partitioned as mild (23.32%), moderate (29.09%), and severe (16.35%) food in secured. Being single [AOR=3.5071.377,8.934], illiterate [AOR=5.2341.747,15.686], cigarette smoking [AOR=3.5772.104,6.081], presence of anemia (AOR=2.6501.563,4.493], and inadequate dietary diversity [AOR=2.8701.088,7.569] were predictors of food insecurity. Conclusion. The prevalence of food insecurity was high. Educational status, marital status, cigarette smoking, presence of anemia, opportunistic infection, and inadequate dietary diversity were the major significant factors affecting food insecurity. We recommended a national health policy maker to integrate food and nutrition interventions as part of a package of care, treatment, and support services for people living with HIV and ART follower patients.
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Yimer, Yohannes Shumet, Solomon Ahmed Mohammed, and Abel Demerew Hailu. "Patient–Pharmacist Interaction in Ethiopia: Systematic Review of Barriers to Communication." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 14 (July 2020): 1295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s258914.
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Workie, Moges Getie, Moges Wubie Aycheh, Molla Yigzaw Birhanu, and Tesfa Birlew Tsegaye. "Treatment Interruption Among Drug-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Southern Ethiopia." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 15 (May 2021): 1143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s307091.
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Rawat, Y. S., and A. T. Tekleyohannes. "Sustainable forest management and forest products industry development in Ethiopia." International Forestry Review 23, no. 2 (2021): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821832952780.
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The objective of this study was to examine existing knowledge on forest products development and to promote sustainable forest management in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the paper aimed to assess the development and status of Ethiopia's forest products industry in terms of resource base, manufacturing and marketing. It was found that the current annual fuelwood consumption is about 133M m3, with 90% of cooking energy obtained from woody biomass. Wood consumption for primary and secondary forest products manufacturing is expected to increase from the current 112M m3 to 158M m3 by 2033. This review reveals that the development and innovation of a sustainable forest products industry in Ethiopia should balance the production and ecological functions of forest resources. To meet Ethiopia's primary and secondary forest products needs, it is recommended that a clear policy framework be advanced and promoted, including wood technology, forest science and education, silviculture, and post-plantation management practices.
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Abegaz, Berhanu. "Escaping Ethiopia's poverty trap: the case for a second agrarian reform." Journal of Modern African Studies 42, no. 3 (2004): 313–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x04000217.
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Growth-friendly egalitarian distribution of land and smallholder farming notwithstanding, rural Ethiopia continues to face an ever-deepening livelihoods crisis. This paper synthesises the theoretical and empirical literature on Ethiopian and other comparable land institutions, in search of a coherent economic framework for pinpointing the roots of the problem and a menu for sensible policy options. It argues that land privatisation, as an integral part of a second agrarian reform, is necessary for attaining optimal farm sizes, thicker markets and robust industrialisation. A sordid history of political marginalisation of the peasantry makes freehold a superior alternative to more secure state leasehold. For a thoroughgoing agricultural transformation, however, sufficiency entails substantial increases in public investment that are designed to crowd-in private investment. Ethiopia's market-led agricultural development strategy must focus on boosting sustainable growth while ensuring subsistence for all.
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Gebretsadik, Kiros, and Ashenafi Kiflu. "Challenges and Opportunities of Genetically Modified Crops Production; Future Perspectives in Ethiopia, Review." Open Agriculture Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501819010240.
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Introduction:Genetically modified (GM) crop species were proven to be a solution for the increasing food consumption in many countries. The cultivation of transgenic plants is increasing from time to time. In 2017 alone, 27 different genetically modified (GM) crop species were produced in 40 countries.Explanation:Biotechnology is revolutionizing science, promising to solve hunger, malnutrition and production demands of industrial raw materials from plants. However, there are biosafety concerns that GM crops may have unintended and hazardous impacts on living organisms well-being and environment both on target and non-target organisms. To tackle such potential problems many countries are implementing international as well as national biosafety regulations. America, Brazil, Belgium, China and India are among the top GM crop users in the world, whereas Egypt, Sudan, South Africa and Burkina Faso are leading GM crop producers in Africa. Ethiopia has also developed its own policy and biosafety regulations for biotechnology products.Conclusion:The Ethiopian government has given due attention to GM crops as a tool for the transformation of agricultural productivity and quality. Before a couple of years, Bt cotton (cotton containing toxic protein fromBacillus thuringiensis) has been introduced to Ethiopia and is expected to bring fundamental change in the production of fibers for the textile industries and also will have crucial consequence to the forthcoming use of the modern biotechnological Science in the country. The introduction of Bt cotton is a typical example worth mentioning here which shows a relative flexibility of the current Ethiopian biosafety regulation. This paper reviews the possible challenges and opportunities of using GM crops in Ethiopia.
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Hasen, Gemmechu, and Bedaso Negeso. "Patients Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Care and Associated Factors in the Southwestern Ethiopia." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 15 (September 2021): 2155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s332489.
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Chen, Lingyun, Alemu Eshetie Molla, Kassa Metsehet Getu, Ande Ma, and Chengsong Wan. "Determination of Aflatoxins in Edible Oils from China and Ethiopia Using Immunoaffinity Column and HPLC-MS/MS." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 1 (2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0106.
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Abstract Background: Aflatoxin (AF) ingestion through contaminated foodstuffs causes at least 250 000 deaths every year from hepatocellular carcinoma in China and sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine the aflatoxin levels of oils in South Gondar, Ethiopia, and oils purchased from retail markets in Guangzhou, China. Methods: We used a rapid, sensitive, and selective HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the determination of aflatoxins in edible oils from China and Ethiopia using immunoaffinity column cleaning. Results: The level of contamination for Ethiopian oils ranged between 0.07 and 145.59 μg/kg for total aflatoxins. Of the 27 edible oil samples from Guangzhou, China, the total concentration of aflatoxins (AFB1 + AFB2 + AFG1 + AFG2) ranged between 0.03 and 2.23 μg/kg. Conclusions: The study concluded that the peanut oils from Ethiopia were contaminated with aflatoxins higher than the allowable limit set by many countries while the oils from China were safe for human consumption. Highlights: We first describe an HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of aflatoxins in 48 edible oil samples from China and Ethiopia using immunoaffinity column cleaning. This is the first preliminary study done on Ethiopian edible oils, giving policy-makers and future researchers baseline data. It is also used to assess the aflatoxin levels of the Chinese edible oils from Guangzhou. Therefore, conducting a comparative study points out the severity of the problem and helps to formulate a new national standard for policy-makers, making this study imperative.
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Duguma, Lalisa, Joanes Atela, Peter Minang, et al. "Deforestation and Forest Degradation as an Environmental Behavior: Unpacking Realities Shaping Community Actions." Land 8, no. 2 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8020026.
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Deforestation and forest degradation (D&D) in the tropics have continued unabated and are posing serious threats to forests and the livelihoods of those who depend on forests and forest resources. Smallholder farmers are often implicated in scientific literature and policy documents as important agents of D&D. However, there is scanty information on why smallholders exploit forests and what the key drivers are. We employed behavioral sciences approaches that capture contextual factors, attitudinal factors, and routine practices that shape decisions by smallholder farmers. Data was collected using household surveys and focus group discussions in two case study forests—Menagesha Suba Forest in Ethiopia and Maasai Mau Forest in Kenya. Our findings indicate that factors that forced farmers to engage in D&D were largely contextual, i.e., sociodemographic, production factors constraint, as well as policies and governance issues with some influences of routine practices such as wood extraction for fuelwood and construction. Those factors can be broadly aggregated as necessity-driven, market-driven, and governance-driven. In the forests studied, D&D are largely due to necessity needs and governance challenges. Though most factors are intrinsic to smallholders’ context, the extent and impact on D&D were largely aggravated by factors outside the forest landscape. Therefore, policy efforts to reduce D&D should carefully scrutinize the context, the factors, and the associated enablers to reduce forest losses under varying socioeconomic, biophysical, and resource governance conditions.
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Kahsay, Halefom, Mubarek Ahmedin, Binyam Kebede, Kiflay Gebrezihar, Haylay Araya, and Desta Tesfay. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Disposal Practice of Unused and Expired Pharmaceuticals in Community of Adigrat City, Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (April 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6725423.
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Background. Medicines have become part of our day-to-day life. Due to different reasons, patients may not use all the medications dispensed to them. The storage of drugs at home promotes self-medication, which results in variety of adverse consequences. Global growth in health-seeking awareness and behavior among people has resulted in increment of medicine consumption over years. However, Ethiopians have little awareness about proper disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals. Besides, large quantities remain unused or expired since not all medications given to the consumers are consumed. Hence, this study could serve as an indicator for the country policy makers concerning pharmaceutical waste management. Objective. To assess knowledge, attitude, and disposal practice of unused and expired pharmaceuticals in the community of Adigrat city, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 359 respondents from the residents of Adigrat city. Semistructured questionnaires, which focused on knowledge, attitudes, and disposal practices for unused and expired medications, were used to collect data from respondents. Epi-data 3.0 suite and the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 were used in data entry and analysis. Results. All of the 359 returned questionnaires were valid for data entry and analysis. Of the 359 respondents, 57.7% were men and the majority (93%) were Orthodox Christians. Almost half of the respondents (50.14%) have good knowledge concerning the disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals. Most (82.2%) of the respondents have a positive attitude towards the disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals. Around fifty-two (52.4) of the respondents had unused medicines stored at home, with analgesics being the most common (41.5%). Around three-quarters (75.2%) and 63% of the respondents discarded unused and expired medicines in the garbage bins, respectively. Conclusion. Although the majority of the respondents had a positive attitude towards the disposal of unused and expired medications, almost half of the sample population were unaware of proper disposal practices. Furthermore, less were inclined to practice proper disposal of unused and expired medications in the city. Therefore, we recommend further studies that focus on how the disposal attitude of the population can influence their knowledge and practice of the disposal of unused and expired medications.
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Yazew, Birhaneselassie Gebeyehu, Hailemichael Kindie Abate, and Chilot Kassa Mekonnen. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards COVID-19 in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review; 2020." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 15 (February 2021): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s288186.
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Teketel, Elizabeth Woldemariam. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Health Contributing to the Consumption of Nonprescribed Medicines in Ethiopia." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 15 (February 2021): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s278659.
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Whittington, Dale, John Waterbury, and Marc Jeuland. "The Grand Renaissance Dam and prospects for cooperation on the Eastern Nile." Water Policy 16, no. 4 (2014): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.011b.
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The escalation of tensions between Ethiopia and Egypt over the construction of the Grand Renaissance is at least partly based on a misunderstanding of the nature of the risks this dam poses to Egypt. There is a two-part, win–win deal that can defuse tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia. First, Ethiopia needs to agree with Egypt and Sudan on rules for filling the Grand Renaissance Dam (GRD) reservoir and on operating rules during periods of drought. Second, Egypt needs to acknowledge that Ethiopia has a right to develop its water resources infrastructure for the benefit of its people based on the principle of equitable use, and agree not to block the power trade agreements that Ethiopia needs with Sudan to make the GRD financially viable. Sudan has a big stake in Egyptian–Ethiopian reconciliation over the use of the Nile. Although Sudan's agricultural and hydropower interests now align with those of Ethiopia, there does not seem to be a formal agreement between Ethiopia and Sudan for the sale of hydropower from the GRD. Because the economic feasibility of the GRD and other Ethiopian hydropower projects will depend on such agreements, Sudan has leverage with both Ethiopia and Egypt to encourage this win–win deal.
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Fekadu, Ginenus, Firomsa Bekele, Kumera Bekele, et al. "Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment Among Pediatric Patients at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 14 (July 2020): 1259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s258292.
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Tawfik, Rawia. "Reconsidering counter-hegemonic dam projects: the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Water Policy 18, no. 5 (2016): 1033–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.162.
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The paper questions the argument of the hydro-hegemony framework that counter-hegemonic mechanisms used by non-hegemons in transboundary rivers lead to a more equitable order of water and benefit-sharing, using the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). It agrees with hydro-hegemony scholars that the GERD is a ‘game changer’ that challenges Egypt's hegemonic position, and an important step in the transition towards a new order in the Nile Basin. However, it scrutinises how Ethiopia and Egypt manage this transition through their policies to implement or contest the dam, and the conditions under which the GERD could lead to a more equitable order in the basin, and create incentives for cooperation beyond the project. It argues that Ethiopia's planning and implementation of the project, and Egypt's inconsistent response to it, have increased uncertainties about the benefits of the project to downstream countries, and even to Ethiopia, and fuelled the historical mistrust between the two countries. It suggests steps to build trust and translate the recent Declaration of Principles between the three Eastern Nile riparians into a benefit-sharing deal.
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Bach, Ashley, Erin Gregor, Shela Sridhar, Habtamu Fekadu, and Wafaie Fawzi. "Multisectoral Integration of Nutrition, Health, and Agriculture: Implementation Lessons From Ethiopia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 2 (2020): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572119895097.
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Background: The Government of Ethiopia and development partners have invested heavily in nutrition through multisectoral nutrition programs and the recently announced Food and Nutrition Policy. By making nutrition a political priority, the government has enabled multisectoral collaboration. Objective: To trace the development of multisectoral nutrition policy in Ethiopia and identify lessons learned from implementation. Methods: We utilize the literature and stakeholder interviews across government ministries, donors, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to analyze Ethiopia’s progress toward multisectoral nutrition governance through 5 lenses: coordination and structural accountability, political commitment, financing, human resources, and data monitoring and transparency. Results: Despite significant progress, coordination and structural accountability for nutrition activities and outcomes across and within sectors remain challenges. While political will is strong, financing is often insufficient. Ethiopia has a shortage of nutrition policy makers and experts but is investing in education to close this gap. Finally, wider sharing of data across ministries and partners would enable enhanced feedback and improvement upon existing programs. Several lessons are notable for policy makers and partners: (1) making nutrition a national political priority is key to fostering multisectoral collaboration and improving nutrition outcomes; (2) nutrition champions are critical for political prioritization of nutrition; (3) multisectoral collaboration has helped reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia, due to expansion from nutrition-specific to nutrition-sensitive strategies; and (4) accountability structures are vital to effective coordination, monitoring, and evaluation in multisectoral nutrition governance. Conclusions: Ethiopia has made significant progress toward multisectoral integration for nutrition. Despite contextual differences, lessons learned from Ethiopia may guide other countries aiming to reduce malnutrition.
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Beyera, Getahun K., Jane O’Brien, and Steven Campbell. "Determinants of healthcare utilisation for low back pain: A population‐based study in Ethiopia." Health & Social Care in the Community 28, no. 3 (2020): 1058–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12939.
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Gebrehiwot, Tagel, Anne van der Veen, and Ben Maathuis. "Spatial and temporal assessment of drought in the Northern highlands of Ethiopia." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 13, no. 3 (2011): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2010.12.002.
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Mago, Stephen. "Migration as a livelihood strategy in Ethiopia: fallacy or reality?" International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 3 (2018): 230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-11-2016-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of migration on the livelihoods of Ethiopians. It is widely acclaimed that migration has positive effects on livelihoods. This paper investigates whether this claim is a fallacy or a reality. Can migration be conceptualized as a strategy for livelihood enhancement? Although Ethiopia has a large number of migrants both internally and externally, this paper focuses on the impact of external migration on the livelihoods of Ethiopian migrants and their families. Design/methodology/approach Using primary data, the paper attempts to establish whether migration enhances livelihoods. Qualitative data are used. Primary data were collected and analyzed using SurveyMonkey. SurveyMonkey is an internet-based software that has a facility for interview questions and it analyses data automatically on submission of responses. The survey achieved a response rate of 52 percent (218 out of 420). A follow-up survey, done between March 20 and April 16, 2018 to validate the online responses, involved 12 respondents. Findings Results show that migration is important in the sustenance of livelihoods. Both pecuniary and non-pecuniary benefits have been realised. In addition, migration also benefits development at home. Practical implications The Ethiopian Government should develop policy options that promote the inflow of remittances for livelihood enhancement. Originality/value The paper uses SurveyMonkey to gather data from a number of respondents (crowdsourcing data collection). The SurveyMonkey made possible a crowd data gathering process.
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Gebremeskel, Fre, Embeba Teklay, Yonas Anagaw, Menaseb Gebrehaweria, and Abadi Hailay. "Client Satisfaction to Referral Service and Associated Factors Among Health Centers in Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 15 (June 2021): 1419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s288181.
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Debela, Ayinalem Berhanu, Mulugeta Mekuria, Tufa Kolola, Elias Teferi Bala, and Berhanu Senbeta Deriba. "Maternal Satisfaction and Factors Associated with Institutional Delivery Care in Central Ethiopia: a Mixed Study." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 15 (February 2021): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s297662.
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King, Andrew, and Paul Block. "An assessment of reservoir filling policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 2 (2014): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.043.
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Africa's largest hydropower facility is currently under construction on the main stem of the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is poised to facilitate regional development with a 63 billion cubic meter reservoir and 6,000 MW of power generating capacity. To date, however, no reservoir filling rate policy has been established. This policy will have clear implications on the GERD's ability to generate hydropower in the near-term and coincidentally impact people and livelihoods in Sudan and Egypt through reduced streamflow availability. Implications of climate variability and emerging climate change within Ethiopia cast further uncertainty on potential filling policies and system operations. To address this challenge, numerous filling policies are evaluated through a climate-sensitivity approach to estimate impacts on reservoir filling time, hydropower production, and downstream flows. This provides viable and timely points of comparison for regional water managers and politicians negotiating system operations in the midst of ongoing project construction.
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Karimi, P., W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, A. Sood, et al. "Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 2: Reliability of water accounting results for policy decisions in the Awash basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (2014): 1125–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-1125-2014.
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Abstract. Water Accounting Plus (WA+) is a framework that summarizes complex hydrological processes and water management issues in river basins. The framework is designed to use satellite based measurements of land and water as input data. A concern associated with the use of satellite measurements is their accuracy. This study focuses on the impact of the error in remote sensing measurements on water accounting and information provided to policy makers. The Awash basin in the central rift valley in Ethiopia is used as a case study to explore the reliability of WA+ outputs, in the light of input data errors. The Monte Carlo technique was used for stochastic simulation of WA+ outputs over a period of three years. The results show that the stochastic mean of the majority of WA+ parameters and performance indicators are within 5% deviation from the original values. Stochastic simulation can be used as part of a standard procedure for WA+ water accounting because it provides the error bandwidth for every WA+ output, which is essential information for sound decision making. The majority of WA+ parameters and performance indicators have a Coefficient of Variation (CV) of less than 20% which implies that they are reliable. The results also indicate that the "utilized flow" and "basin closure fraction" (the degree to which available water in a basin is utilized) have a high margin of error and thus a low reliability. As such it is recommended that they are not used to formulate important policy decisions.
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Zewudie, Dinka, Wenguang Ding, Zhanlei Rong, Chuanyan Zhao, and Yapeng Chang. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat suitability for the Ethiopian staple crop, Eragrostis tef (teff), under changing climate." PeerJ 9 (March 22, 2021): e10965. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10965.
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Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a staple, ancient food crop in Ethiopia. Its growth is affected by climate change, so it is essential to understand climatic effects on its habitat suitability in order to design countermeasures to ensure food security. Based on the four Representative Concentration Pathway emission scenarios (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we predicted the potential distribution of teff under current and future scenarios using a maximum entropy model (Maxent). Eleven variables were selected out of 19, according to correlation analysis combined with their contribution rates to the distribution. Simulated accuracy results validated by the area under the curve (AUC) had strong predictability with values of 0.83–0.85 for current and RCP scenarios. Our results demonstrated that mean temperature in the coldest season, precipitation seasonality, precipitation in the cold season and slope are the dominant factors driving potential teff distribution. Proportions of suitable teff area, relative to the total study area were 58% in current climate condition, 58.8% in RCP2.6, 57.6% in RCP4.5, 59.2% in RCP6.0, and 57.4% in RCP8.5, respectively. We found that warmer conditions are correlated with decreased land suitability. As expected, bioclimatic variables related to temperature and precipitation were the best predictors for teff suitability. Additionally, there were geographic shifts in land suitability, which need to be accounted for when assessing overall susceptibility to climate change. The ability to adapt to climate change will be critical for Ethiopia’s agricultural strategy and food security. A robust climate model is necessary for developing primary adaptive strategies and policy to minimize the harmful impact of climate change on teff.