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Journal articles on the topic 'Polimero de ABS'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Shkundalova, Olena, Arvydas Rimkus, and Viktor Gribniak. "STRUCTURAL APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PRINTED POLYMERIC MATERIALS / KONSTRUKCINIS 3D SPAUSDINIMO TECHNOLOGIJŲ TAIKYMAS: SPAUSDINTŲ POLIMERINIŲ MEDŽIAGŲ MECHANINĖS SAVYBĖS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 10 (December 21, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2018.6250.

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Additive manufacturing and modern printing technologies using polymeric materials extend the limits of industrial production and encourage applying 3D printing technique in many fields. An item of any shape and size limited only by the printing pad of particular equipment can be reproduced from a variety of materials. Polymers is the object of this research. It is known that mechanical properties of the printed elements are closely related with the manufacturing technology and vary significantly depending on the chosen production parameters such as printing temperature, velocity, and infill density. Depending on the purpose, a particular type of polymer can be used in structural analysis. This work considers mechanical properties of four thermoplastic polymeric materials widely used for prototyping: polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PETG). The study is focused on two fundamental mechanical characteristics, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, of the printed material. Dumbbell-shaped samples were made of the PLA, ABS, HIPS and PETG polymers using 3D printing technique with the same filling density (≈ 20%) of the entry level. The tensile tests were carried out in Laboratory of Innovative Building Structures at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The predominant effect of the printing direction on the mechanical properties of the printed materials was demonstrated in this study. The corresponding experimental characteristics are presented in the manuscript. Santrauka Modernūs gamybos procesai ir spausdinimo technologijos, naudojant polimerines medžiagas, plečia pramoninės gamybos ribas bei skatina taikyti 3D spausdinimo technologijas daugelyje sričių. Tokios technologijos leidžia gaminti bet kokios formos elementus iš įvairių medžiagų, o jų dydį lemia tik naudojamos spausdinimo įrangos galimybės. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo objektas – polimerinės medžiagos. Spausdintų elementų iš polimerinių medžiagų mechaninės savybės glaudžiai siejamos su gamybos technologija ir gali stipriai varijuoti keičiant gamybos proceso parametrus – spausdinimo temperatūrą, greitį, užpildo tankį. Polimero tipas kartu su jo mechaninėmis savybėmis parenkamas atsižvelgiant į konstrukcinį uždavinį. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos plačiai prototipų gamyboje taikomų termoplastinių polimerinių medžiagų – polietileno rūgšties (PLA), akrilonitrilo butadieno stireno (ABS), polistireno (HIPS) ir polietileno tereftalato (PETG) – mechaninės savybės. Tyrime dėmesys skiriamas dviem pagrindinėms mechaninėms medžiagų charakteristikoms – tempiamajam stipriui ir tamprumo moduliui. Taikant 3D spausdinimo technologiją buvo pagaminti kaulo formos bandiniai iš PLA, ABS, HIPS ir PETG medžiagų. Bandinių užpildo tankis siekė ≈ 20 % paviršiaus spausdinimo sluoksnio tankio. Elementų tempimo bandymai atlikti Inovatyvių statybinių konstrukcijų laboratorijoje Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitete. Šiame tyrime buvo parodyta spausdinimo krypties įtaka spausdintų medžiagų mechaninėms savybėms. Taip pat pateiktos eksperimentiškai nustatytos polimerinių medžiagų mechaninės savybės.
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2

Erryani, Aprilia. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MAGNESIUM TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK, MIKROSTRUKTUR DAN ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY POLIMER PLA/ABS UNTUK MATERIAL IMPLAN BIOABSORBABEL." Metalurgi 35, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/metalurgi.v35i3.567.

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Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan implan bioabsorbable dengan bahan polimer logam komposit (PLA/ABS/Mg) dengan menggunakan metode solvent casting dengan tiga komposisi yakni PLA:ABS 70:30, 60:40, 80:20 dengan komposisi Mg masing-masing 5%, 10% dan 15% kemudian dilarutkan dengan clorofoam sebanyak 17 mL sehingga mendapatkan sampel berbentuk film. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi optimal PLA/ABS terhadapat karakterisitik sifat mekanik, morfologi, impedansi dengan adanya penambahan Mg. Hasil karakterisasi sifat mekanik menggunakan uji tarik dengan komposisi PLA:ABS 80:20 pada variasi Mg 10% dan 15% menunjukkan hasil yang optimal, sehingga Mg terbukti meningkatkan sifat mekanik dari PLA. Semakin banyak penambahan variasi Mg menunjukkan peningkatan nilai kekerasan vikers dan impedansi pada polimer logam komposit. Hasil pengamatan dengan menggunakan SEM pada kompoisi PLA:ABS 70:30 menunjukan bahwa homogenitas Mg didalam polimer telah tercapai dengan baik.
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3

Zenkiewicz, Marian, Tomasz Zuk, and Mariusz Blaszkowski. "Use of response surface methodology in characterization of properties of recycled high density polyethylene/ground tire rubber compositions." Polimery 59, no. 06 (June 2014): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2014.495.

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4

Robiandi, Fadli, Menasita Menasita, and Ikal M. "Studi Ketahanan Benturan pada Komposit Serat Rami-epoksi dan Polimer Blend ABS-PP untuk Aplikasi Bahan Alternatif Soket Prostesis." SPECTA Journal of Technology 2, no. 3 (December 27, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35718/specta.v2i3.17.

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Fabrication of rami fiber based on composite with epoxy matrixs and polymer blend of ABS-PP for alternative prosthetic soket application have been conducted. This research attemp to analyze impact resistance of rami-epoxy based on composite and polymer blend base ABS-PP. Those sample was made by hand lay up and simple hot casting methode at a temperature of 250 oC. rami-epoxy based on composite and polymer blend samples with volume fraction variation 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. The result of charpy impact test showed an increase in impact energy along with an increase in the volume fraction of rami. In other hand, an increase in ABS volume fraction could reduce the impact energy of polymer blend samples. From impact testing result, both samples showed brittle like-structure. Broken Fiber with low fiber pull out mechanism was found out in rami-epoxy composite samples. Polymer blend samples showed pull out mechanism on ABS grain.
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5

Kozik, Bogdan, Mariusz Dębski, Piotr Bąk, Małgorzata Gontarz, and Małgorzata Zaborniak. "Effect of heat treatment on the tensile properties of incrementally processed modified polylactide." Polimery 66, no. 6 (July 27, 2021): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2021.6.4.

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The article presents the results of strength tests in the form of a static tensile test on the INSTRON 5967 testing machine. Samples were made with the use of the Prusa i3 MK3 3D printer, by modeling with a plasticized material (FFF) made of ABS copolymer, polylactide and its modified variant. According to the information provided by the manufacturer, heat-treated modified polylactide has mechanical properties similar to ABS copolymer filament. The publication also discusses the method of manufacturing elements subjected to the tests, the heat treatment process, as well as changes in material properties as a result of this treatment. Based on the test results, it was found that the annealing process increased the proportion of the crystalline phase, which significantly improved the strength properties of the modified polylactide.
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6

KARASEK, ВRETISLAV, IVAN SOUCEK, and FRANTISEK VOROS. "Development trends in styrene plastics. Part I. ABS plastics." Polimery 33, no. 01 (January 1988): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1988.001.

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7

MARCINIAK, DAWID, PIOTR CZYZEWSKI, DARIUSZ SYKUTERA, and MAREK BIELINSKI. "Recycling of ABS operating elements obtained from industry 3D printing machines." Polimery 64, no. 11/12 (November 2019): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2019.11.9.

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8

Keshavamurthy, R., Vijay Tambrallimath, Abhinandan Badari, R. Krishna, G. S. Kumar, and M. C. Jeevan. "Friction and wear behaviour of copper reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene based polymer composite developed by fused deposition modelling process." FME Transactions 48, no. 3 (2020): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2003543k.

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9

LUKASZCZYK, JAN, and PIOTR JELONEK. "Syntheses of amphiphilic block copolymers of epsilon-caprolactone of ABA type." Polimery 54, no. 03 (March 2009): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2009.189.

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10

AHMADZAI, AHMAD ZIA, and AMIR HOSSEIN BEHRAVESH. "Effect of processing parameters on water penetration in water assisted injection molding of ABS." Polimery 56, no. 03 (March 2011): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2011.232.

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11

RYBNICEK, JAN, RALF LACH, WOLFGANG GRELLMANN, MONIKA LAPCIKOVA, MIROSLAV SLOUF, ZDENEK KRULIS, EVGENYI ANISIMOV, and JIRI HAJEK. "Ternary PC/ABS/PMMA blends — morphology and mechanical properties under quasi-static loading conditions." Polimery 57, no. 2 (February 2012): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2012.087.

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12

Baeza-Campuzano, Alberto, and Victor M. Castaño. "The effect of printing velocity on the temperature and viscosity of the polymer thread at the nozzle exit in 3D printers." Polimery 66, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2021.2.6.

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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a powerful method for advanced additive manufacturing of polymeric materials, due to its simplicity and low cost. However, the process implies complex phenomena which are not fully understood yet. In particular, the effect of viscosity on the printed thread is a key parameter to control if good quality products are to be obtained. Experimental data of two grades of acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene copolymer (ABS) was employed to analyse, by using ANSYS Fluent simulation package, six printing velocities at a temperature of 230°C. A drastic temperature change was observed as the printing velocity increases, confirming the effect of viscosity on the shear created on the wall of the nozzle transversal to the printing bed. The polymers analysed present different viscosity behavior even under the same angular frequency range (0.1 to 100 rad/s), and testing temperature (230°C), which could lead to inhomogeneities. Our results allow taking into account these parameters as part of the design criteria.
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13

Pacana, Jacek, and Rafal Oliwa. "Use of rapid prototyping technology in complex plastic structures. Part I. Bench testing and numerical calculations of deformations in harmonic drive made from ABS copolymer." Polimery 64, no. 01 (January 2019): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2019.1.7.

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14

LECHOWICZ, JAROMIR B., PIOTR POLANOWSKI, and HENRYK GALINA. "Random homopolymerization of an AB2 monomer as studied by Monte Carlo methods." Polimery 55, no. 06 (June 2010): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2010.435.

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15

GALINA, HENRYK. "A theoretical model of hyperbranched polymerization involving an ABf monomer. Part I. Degree of branching." Polimery 48, no. 09 (September 2003): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2003.743610.

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16

Ryczek, Anna, Jaromir B. Lechowicz, Malgorzata Walczak, and Henryk Galina. "Condensation polymerization of AB2 monomers – modeling and validation of model of polyreaction performed at the room temperature." Polimery 61, no. 11/12 (November 2016): 780–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2016.780.

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17

GALINA, HENRYK, and MALGORZATA WALCZAK. "A theoretical model of hyperbranched polymerization involving an ABf monomer. Part II. The average polymerization degree and dispersity index." Polimery 50, no. 10 (October 2005): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2005.713.

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18

Kratochvil, P. "Kationische Polymere (Kationnye polimery). Von Esen Abikenovič Bekturov, Sarkyt Kudajberqenov und Rimma Esperovna Chamzamulina. Alma-Ata: Izdatel'stvo „Nauka” Kazachskoj SSR 1986. 160 S., 32 Tab., 66 Abb., 514 Lit., Preis 2 Rubel." Acta Polymerica 38, no. 6 (June 1987): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1987.010380624.

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19

Ribeiro, ASD, VHG Dias, ICT Mello, R. Silva, BD Sabino, RG Garrido, L. Seldin, and Rodrigo S. Moura-Neto. "O gene rbcL como barcode para identificação forense de Cannabis sativa." Saúde, Ética & Justiça 18, spe (December 26, 2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2770.v18ispep67-71.

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<em>Cannabis sativa</em> é uma das espécies mais antigas de plantas domesticadas e permanece como uma das culturas mais amplamente difundida e a droga ilícita mais consumida no mundo. Há uma grande difi culdade em identifi car e individualizar as amostras de Cannabis sp, difi cultando a correlação a prováveis locais de plantações ilegais, o que permitiria revelar rotas de tráfi co, relacionar grupos criminosos e distinguir amostras legais daquelas comercializadas como droga, onde o cultivo é permitido. A principal fi nalidade do DNA Barcode é o de proporcionar uma rápida e precisa identifi cação de organismos a partir de uma pequena região padronizada do genoma que ajuda a caracterizar e distinguir espécies e indivíduos não identifi cados para atribuir à espécie. Um dos genes candidatos é o ribulose-1,5-bisfosfato carboxilase/oxigenase (rbcL), utilizado como um sistema de DNA Barcode e presente no DNA dos cloroplastos das plantas, sendo o responsável pela produção subunidade maior da que converte dióxido de carbono e água em carboidratos.Nosso objetivo é o desenvolvimento de um protocolo efi ciente de extração de DNA e de sequenciamento do gene rbcL para análise forense de amostras apreendidas da Polícia Judiciária. DNA de amostras de Cannabis sativa,caracterizadas no ICCE/DGPTC/PCERJ, foi extraído utilizandoo Mini DNeasy Plant (Qiagen)no IPPGF/DGPTC/PCERJ. O material foi transferido para o LabFor/UFRJe um fragmento de 735 pb do gene rbcL foi amplifi cado através de um par de iniciadores descritos na literatura como universais para plantas.O fragmento foi sequenciado, com o protocolo do BigDye v3.1, usando ABI 3500 (Life Technologies). As comparações das sequências foram realizadas no software Geneious (Biomatters). A nossa sequência consenso de 559 pb foi comparada às seqüências que correspondem às regiões rbcL em <em>Cannabis sativa</em> depositadas no GenBank, e observamos a ocorrência de polimorfi smos (SNPs) entre as amostras dos Estados unidos, Reino Unido e China, sugerindo que se trata de uma assinatura genética para análise forense.
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20

Kratochvíl, P. "Katalyse mit Polymeren (Kataliz polimerami). Von E. A. BEKTUROV und S. KUDAJBERGENOV. Alma-Ata: Izd. Nauka Kaz. SSR 1988. 182 S., 25 Tab., 35 Abb., 610 Lit., Preis 2,50 Rubel. Molekularkomplexe der Polymere (Molekuljarnye kompleksy polimerov). Von E. A. BEKTUROV, R. E. CHAMZAMULINA, Z. CHBAKAUOVA, S. KUDAJBERGENOV, T. K. DUMADILOV, A. Š. CERDABAEV und M. A. ASAUBEKOV. Alma-Ata: Izd. Nauka Kaz. SSR 1988. 174 S., 13 Tab., 40 Abb., 566 Lit., Preis 2,10 Rubel." Acta Polymerica 41, no. 1 (January 1990): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1990.010410121.

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21

Rocha, Kalyne Izael, Lilianne Nunes Teles, and Diala Aretha de Sousa Feitosa. "Restabelecimento da estética do sorriso em paciente com hipoplasia de esmalte." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, no. 6 (October 8, 2020): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i6.5131.

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A hipoplasia de esmalte pode ser entendida como uma formação incompleta ou defeituosa do esmalte dentário, apresentando desde um manchamento superficial de aspecto esbranquiçado a alterações severas de cor e textura. O esmalte pode mostrar-se irregular, rugoso, amolecido e com cavitação. A profundidade e causa dessas manchas é o fator chave na seleção e sucesso do tratamento. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de reestabelecimento da estética do sorriso em um paciente com hipoplasia de esmalte, através da associação de tratamentos minimamente invasivos. Para o caso, optou-se pela associação técnica de microabrasão do esmalte dental com ácido fosfórico 37% associado à pedra-pomes e a macroabrasão do esmalte. Ao final do presente caso, foi devolvida de forma satisfatória a harmonia do sorriso do paciente de acordo com suas expectativas. Quando bem indicada, a associação de tratamentos minimamente invasivos para remoção de manchas decorrentes da hipoplasia do esmalte demonstra sucesso. Descritores: Anormalidades Dentárias; Esmalte Dentário; Estética Dentária; Microabrasão do Esmalte; Resinas Compostas. Referências Oliveira FV, Silva MFA, Nogueira RD, Geraldo Martins VR. Hipoplasia de esmalte em paciente hebiátrico: relato de caso clínico. Rev Odontol Bras Central, 2015;24(68):31-6. Souza BJ, Rodrigues FCP, Lopes GL, Guilherme SA, Freitas CG, Moreira, LCF. Hipoplasia do esmalte: tratamento restaurador estético. Robrac. 2009;18(47):14-9. Catelan A, Pini NIP, Hernandes NMP, Lima DANL, Aguiar FHB. Técnicas minimamente invasivas para estética de manchamentos dentais. Arch Health Invest. 2014;3(4):1-8. Bendo CB, Scarpelli AC, Novaes Junior JB, Vale MPP, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Hipoplasia de esmalte em incisivos permanentes: um acompanhamento de 6 meses. RGO. 2017;55(1):108-12. Arruda HS, Leite EBC, Gaspar Junior AA. Reabilitação estética anterior do clareamento á harmonização do sorriso. Odontol.Clin- Cient.2017;16(2):139-43. Cavalcanti NA, Angolo S, Rodrigues RR. Reanatomização Dental Com Resina Composta. Rev Baiana Odontol. 2014;5(3):182-92. Braga LCC, Mazzetto AH, Grigoletto M, Paganini GA, Vedovello SAS, Jr. Chagas CL. Hipoplasia de esmalte localizada- dente de Turner. RGO. 2005;53(4):329-34. Gouveia CG, Moreira Junior R, Peralta FS, Scherma AP, Resende LM. Facetas diretas de resina composta em dentes anteriores: relato de caso. ClipeOdonto. 2018;9(1):44-50. Menezes MS, Vilela ALR, Silva FP, Reis GR, Borges MG. Acabamento e polimento em resina composta: reprodução natural. Rev Odontol Bras Central. 2014;23(66):124-29. Aranha ACC, Mitsui FHO, Marchi GM. Facetas diretas em resina composta pós-microabrasão – relato de caso clínico. J Bras Dent Estet. 2003; 2(5):72-8. Passos IA, Costa JDMC, Melo JM, Forte FDS, Sampaio FC. Defeitos do esmalte: etiologia, características clínicas e diagnóstico. Rev Inst Ciênc Saúde. 2007;25(2):187-92. Sydow DBH, Andrade MRTC, Fidalgo TKS, Valente AR, Tannure PN. Manejo estético da hipoplasia de esmalte em incisivos e caninos permanentes. ClipeOdonto. 2015;7(1):32-6. Hoffmann RHS, Sousa MLR, Cypriano S. Prevalência de defeitos de esmalte e sua relação com cárie dentária nas dentições decídua e Cad Saúde Pública. 2007;23(2):435-44. Bevilacqua FM, Sacramento T, Felício CM. Amelogênese imperfeita, hipoplasia de esmalte e fluorose dental. UNIARA. 2010;13(2):136-48. Possobon RF, Carrascoza KC, Tomita LM, Ruiz JM, Scarpari CEO, Moraes ABA. Hipoplasia de esmalte em dentes decíduos. RFO UPF. 2006;11(2):73-6. Prado RNS, Zeidan LC, Lotufo MA, Rodrigues JA. Limites da microabrasão do esmalte dental - relato de caso. Rev Saúde, 2014;8(1/2):30-6. Silva JMF, Rocha DM, Kimpara ET, Uemura ES. Resinas compostas: estágio atual e perspectivas. Rev Odonto. 2008;16(32):98-104. Souza JB, Rodrigues PCF, Lopes LG, Guilherme AS, Freitas GC, Moreira FCL. Hipoplasia do esmalte: tratamento restaurador estético. ROBRAC. 2009;18(47):14-9.
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Mohamad Ibrahim, M. N., M. E. Izat, A. L. Goh, A. Tuti Kartina, and Z. Norhidaya. "Kesan Perubahan Masa Penyaduran Tanpa Elektrik Aloi Nikel–Fosforus Terhadap Struktur Mikro Substrat dan Analisis Kekuatan Sadurannya." Jurnal Teknologi, January 20, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v45.322.

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Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan perubahan masa penyaduran tanpa elektrik aloi nikel–fosforus terhadap plastik akrilonitril–butadiena–stirena (ABS) yang bergred tidak boleh disadur dengan menggunakan teknik salutan lapisan bawah laker. Permukaan plastik ABS yang tidak dapat disadur diubah secara fizikal dengan menyalut satu lapisan nipis polimer untuk membentuk permukaan yang dapat disaduri logam. Kaedah ini menggunakan poliuretana sebagai lapisan bawah laker ke atas substrat sebelum dilakukan proses pra–rawatan seperti punaran sederhana, peneutralan, pengaktifan, pemecutan dan penyaduran ke atas substrat tersebut. Salutan poliuretana perlu dirawat pada suhu bilik selama 8 jam dan di dalam ketuhar pada 70°C selama 4 hari sebelum dijalankan langkah–langkah pra–rawatan. Substrat yang berjaya disadur kemudiannya dikaji permukaan mikronya, ketebalan logam nikel yang terenap pada masa penyaduran yang berbeza, struktur kekisi hablurnya dan juga kekuatan lekatan saduran nikel. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa lebih lama masa penyaduran, lebih banyak logam nikel dan fosforus (> 90%) yang terenap dan lebih sempurna proses penyaduran permukaan substrat. Ketebalan logam yang direkodkan adalah antara 0.6289 μm dan 4.4010 μm. Struktur kekisi bagi aloi nikel–fosforus yang terbentuk didapati berbentuk hablur bagi semua masa penyaduran yang dikaji. Manakala bagi analisis kekuatan lekatan saduran nikel, didapati bahawa kekuatan lekatan saduran nikel bergantung kepada masa rendaman substrat di dalam larutan punaran. Kekuatan lekatan yang paling tinggi (0.3273 psi) terhasil bagi substrat yang direndam di dalam larutan punaran selama 5 minit. Kata kunci: Penyaduran nikel tanpa elektrik, ABS gred tidak boleh disadur, teknik salutan lapisan bawah laker, masa penyaduran, permukaan mikro, kekuatan lekatan saduran The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of variation in plating time of nickel–phosphorus alloy which was plated electrolessly onto a non–platable grade acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) substrate using undercoating layer technique. The surface of the non–platable grade ABS plastic was physically modified by applying a thin layer of polymer to form a surface that is suitable for metallization. This method used polyurethane polymer as the undercoat layer which was applied onto the substrate before pretreatment processes such as mild etching, neutralization, activation and acceleration were done on the substrate. The undercoat polyurethane was treated at room temperature for 8 hours followed by treatment in an oven at 70°C for 4 days before it had undergone pre–treatment steps. The plated substrates were then tested for their properties such as microstructure, thickness of the plated nickel at different deposition times, lattice structure formed from this metallization method and the adhesion strength of the nickel coating. The results showed that the longer the metallization process, the greater the amount of nickel and phosphorus (> 90%) deposited and the more complete the plating process is. The thickness of the nickel plating was found to be between 0.6289 and 4.4010 μm. The lattice structure of the nickel–phosphorus formed in all deposition times studied was found to be crystalline. The analysis of the pull–off strength test showed that the adhesion strength of the nickel coating depends on the immersion time of the substrate into the etching solution. The highest pull–off strength test value (0.3273 psi) was achieved for the sample was immersed in the etching solution for 5 minutes. Key words: Electroless nickel plating, non–platable grade ABS, undercoat layer technique, deposition time, microstructure, coating adhesion strength
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23

Rapacz-Kmita, Alicja, Barbara Szaraniec, Maciej Mikołajczyk, Ewa Stodolak-Zych, Ewa Dzierzkowska, Marcin Gajek, and Piotr Dudek. "Multifunctional biodegradable polymer/clay nanocomposites with antibacterial properties in drug delivery systems." Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 22, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37190/abb-01523-2019-03.

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Abstract:
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of intercalation of gentamicin and neomycin in montmorillonite (MMT) nanofillers, as well as to study the in vitro antimicrobial properties of nanocomposite films containing a small amount of thus obtained nanofillers. Methods: The polylactide matrix (PLA) nanocomposite films with drug-intercalated montmorillonite fillers were obtained by casting after intercalation of drugs in aqueous solutions. The efficiency of intercalation has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Zeta potential measurements. The materials were studied for surface wettability, roughness and mechanical properties during 6 weeks of incubation in phosphate buffer saline, and their bactericidal activity was tested against Escherichia coli bacteria before and after 6 weeks of incubation in distilled water at 37 °C. The presence of antibiotics during the incubation was monitored by conductivity and pH measurements. Results: The results indicate that nanocomposite polylactide films with montmorillonite filler intercalated with gentamicin and neomycin tend to degrade faster that their counterparts with non-intercalated fillers, which affects their mechanical properties. However, drug intercalation provided an antibacterial activity, which was confirmed by the presence of zones inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria for both antibiotics. It was also confirmed that the interaction of antibiotics with clay and polimer matrix did not adversely affect this bactericidal effect. Conclusions: Montmorillonite can be successfully intercalated with both gentamicin and neomycin, and then used as active filler for polylactide films having very good antibacterial properties, therefore their use in biomedical applications can be significantly expanded.
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24

Nurmayanti, Vivi, and Erna Hastuti. "KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIS MEMBRAN POLIMER MATRIK KOMPOSIT(PMC) DARI KARBON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA UNTUK ADSORBSI LOGAM BERAT PADA MINYAK GORENG BEKAS." JURNAL NEUTRINO, May 7, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/neu.v0i0.2590.

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Abstract:
Minyak goreng yang sudah berulangkali dipanaskan akan berwarna hitam dan mengandung logam-logam berat. Untuk meremajakannya diperlukan teknologi alternatif yang mampu mereduksi logam berat pada minyak goreng bekas. Salah satunya adalah membran PMC yang digunakansebagai filter. Membran di uji sifat fisis (debit aliran, kerapatan, porositas) dengan variasi ukuran mesh dan komposisi karbon aktif tempurung kelapa. Matrik<em> </em>berasal dari campuran 0.3 gr PEG, 5 ml PVA, dan 5 ml Aquades. Filler berupa serbuk karbon aktif berasal dari limbah tempurung kelapa. Membran di buat dengan variasi ukuran mesh 60, 100, 120 mesh dan komposisi 1, 3, dan 5 gr. Karbon aktif diperoleh dari tempurung kelapa dengan teknik pemanasan pada temperatur 500<sup>o </sup>C dan aktifasi kimia dengan larutan H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4 </sub>5 M. Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan pada membran dengan penambahan karbon aktif 5 gram 120 mesh yang memiliki efektifitas penyaringan paling baik dan adsorbsi logam berat paling maksimal. Debit aliran semakin meningkat dengan nilai 0.0333 (ml/menit) dan kerapatan membran semakin kecil 0.95534 (gr/cm) dengan porositas 0.39 %. Hasil AAS menunjukan logam Cu mengalami penurunan kadar logam sebesar 0.0819 mg/L dan logam Fe 0.0285 mg/L. Membran ini merupakan membran mikrofiltrasi dengan rata-rata pori-pori 160.4 nm yang mampu mereduksi partikel dan bakteri dengan ukuran 400 nm hingga 2 µm
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